Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
  • H01H73/02—Details
  • H01H73/04—Contacts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H1/00—Contacts
  • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
  • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
  • H01H1/22—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
  • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
  • H01H3/0253—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch two co-operating contacts actuated independently
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
  • H01H73/02—Details
  • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
  • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an electrical protective device having a first contact piece and a second contact piece, each having at least one contact surface, wherein the contact surfaces of the first contact piece and the second contact piece for flow of a current are in operative contact and disconnected from the current flow are separable, wherein the first contact piece is movably arranged in the electrical protective device and the second contact piece is mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation in the electrical protective device.
• overcurrent protection devices serve, among other things, for safe disconnection in the event of a short circuit and thus protect consumers and systems.
• electrical or mechanical overcurrent protection devices are suitable for the operational, manual switching of consumers as well as for the safe disconnection of a system from the power network during maintenance work or changes to the system.
• Electrical protective devices or overcurrent protection devices in particular
• Circuit breakers are often operated electromagnetically,
• Such electrical protective device are high-quality electrical switching devices with integrated protection for motors, lines, transformers and generators. Their use is usually found in places with low switching frequency.
• Such electrical protection device or such overcurrent protection devices in particular Circuit breaker or circuit breaker, are suitable in addition to the short-circuit protection for the overload protection.
• an electrical protection device or an overcurrent protection device switches off an electrical system safely.
• these provide a protection against overload.
• Every conductor through which electricity flows heats up more or less. The heating depends on the ratio of the current intensity to the conductor cross-section, the so-called current density.
• the current density must not be too large, as otherwise overheating may spatter the conductor insulation and possibly trigger a fire.
• circuit breakers or circuit breakers are used as electrical protective devices or as overcurrent protective devices.
• Short-circuit protection is provided by an electromagnetic release that acts almost instantaneously. In the event of a short circuit, the electromagnetic release releases a switching mechanism of the circuit breaker without delay. A switching armature disconnects the contactor, i. the movable contact piece before the short-circuit current can reach its maximum value.
• a circuit breaker can automatically shut off the circuit not only in the event of overload but also in the event of a short circuit.
• Known electrical protective devices or overcurrent protective devices ie circuit breakers or tion switch, have a contact slide and a first movable contact piece, ie a movable contact piece on.
• the first movable contact piece has at least one electrical contact, ie a contact surface.
• electrical protective devices or overcurrent protection devices have at least one further, partly also movable, contact piece to a power line.
• the at least one electrical contact of the first movable contact piece contacts the at least one further contact piece of the electrical protective devices or the overcurrent protection device.
• the at least one electrical contact, ie the contact surface, of the first movable contact piece is released from the at least one further contact piece, so that the current flow is interrupted.
• Such known electrical protective devices have a first movable contact piece and a second movable contact piece, wherein the contact pieces each have at least one contact surface and wherein the contact surfaces of the first contact piece and the second contact piece are in operative contact for flow of a current and are disconnected from each other for switching off the current flow ,
• both movable contact pieces are separated from each other either by spring force and / or by the movement of an armature. Both contact pieces can be moved away from each other.
• German Patent DE 35 39 976 C2 discloses a circuit breaker having a first contact piece and a second contact piece. Both contact pieces have at least one contact surface, wherein the contact surfaces of the first contact piece and the second contact piece are in operative contact with the flow of a current and the shutdown of the Current flow are separable from each other. Furthermore, it is known that the first contact piece is movably arranged in the electrical protective device and that also the second contact piece is movably arranged in the electrical protective device.
• German Auslegeschrift 1 763 007 also discloses such an electrical safety device.
• two movable contact systems are shown.
• One of the movable contact systems has a contact piece and a flexible conductor.
• the further contact system also has a contact piece and a movable winding, which carries the contact piece on.
• an arc occurs in the event of a short-circuit shutdown at the contact opening between the separating contact pieces.
• This arc first moves away from the contact surfaces and runs in the known electrical protective devices along a running rail in a so-called quenching chamber. This means that when the contact point between the contacts is disconnected, an arc occurs. However, the circuit is not disconnected until the arc is extinguished. To prevent the arc from damaging the circuit breaker or circuit breaker due to its high temperature and to ensure that the overcurrent is interrupted, it must the arc extinguished within a very short time.
• Known electrical protective devices such as circuit breaker or circuit breaker, have for this purpose a quenching chamber, which consists of several metal sheets. The metal sheets are usually arranged in parallel and have uniform air gaps.
• a disadvantage of the aforementioned electrical protection devices is that they often can not extinguish the resulting arc fast enough.
• the respective contact pieces are arranged on relatively large-sized carriers, wherein the contact pieces are provided at one end of the carrier and a rotation axis at the other end of the respective carrier. When disconnecting the contact pieces pivot the carrier, which requires a lot of space. Due to the relatively large-sized carrier, the electrical protection device has relatively large dimensions. These relatively large-sized carrier-contact piece units are also expensive and therefore expensive.
• the present invention has for its object to provide an electrical protective device, in particular an overcurrent protection device, such as a circuit breaker or a circuit breaker, which ensures a particularly fast, simple and cost-effective extinction of the arc resulting when switching off. Furthermore, the dimensions of the electrical protective device should be kept as small as possible.
• an electrical protective device having a first contact piece and a second contact piece, each having at least one contact surface, wherein the contact surfaces of the first contact piece and the second contact piece are in operative contact for flow of a current and are disconnected from each other for switching off the current flow
• the first contact piece is movably disposed in the electrical protection device and the second contact piece is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation in the electrical protection device, wherein the second contact piece is arranged on a substrate body and wherein at least a part of the axis of rotation by the orthogonal projection of Contact surface between the second contact piece and the substrate body extends in the direction of the substrate body, dissolved.
• Both contacts of the electrical protection device are movably arranged in the electrical protection device. Due to the special arrangement of the axis of rotation to the second contact piece or the substrate body, the second contact piece can be very quickly turned away from the first contact piece. That is, the two contact pieces are not easily pivoted apart, but the second contact piece is rotated so that the substrate body, on which the second contact piece is arranged, is rotated between the first and the second contact piece. As a result of the rapid rotation of the substrate body and thus of the second contact piece about the axis of rotation, an electrode is quickly removed from the arc, so that it can quickly go out.
• the second contact piece can be quickly separated from the first contact piece.
• the arc is drawn out quickly.
• the at least one part of the axis of rotation extends in the immediate vicinity of the substrate body by the orthogonal projection of the contact surface.
• the contact area is the area where the second contact piece contacts the substrate body.
• the axis of rotation is arranged on the side facing away from the second contact piece of the substrate body.
• the second contact piece is rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation in the electrical protection device.
• the substrate body on which the second contact piece is arranged be directly or indirectly connected to the axis of rotation. It is thus conceivable that the substrate body is fixed on the axis of rotation by means of fastening rods.
• both contacts are arranged to be movable, an even faster extension of the arc is enforced.
• the two contact pieces move in opposite directions.
• the arc voltage advantageously increases rapidly.
• An electrical protective device is preferred in which the axis of rotation runs parallel to the contact surface.
• the substrate body and thus the second contact piece are rotated uniformly about the axis of rotation.
• the substrate body and the second contact piece are rotated faster about the axis of rotation, the closer the axis of rotation is arranged on the substrate body. Therefore, an electrical protective device in which at least part of the axis of rotation extends through the substrate body is particularly preferred.
• This arrangement of the axis of rotation and the substrate body to each other represents a particularly preferred embodiment of the electrical protection device.
• the axis of rotation is advantageously parallel to the contact surface through the substrate body.
• the removal of the contact surface of the second contact piece to the axis of rotation is characterized very low, whereby the rotation of the second contact piece, after the occurrence of a short circuit and a separation of the contact surfaces of the two contact pieces from each other, is very fast.
• the arc voltage of the resulting arc can rise rapidly, so that it comes to an early tearing of the arc.
• the arc is made to have a contact surface, that is, by turning away the second contact piece. an electrode, quickly removed.
• the arc is quickly extended by turning away the contact surface, so that the arc voltage increases significantly.
• the higher arc voltage leads to a lower short-circuit current increase, so that the loads for lines and systems are significantly reduced.
• the second contact piece is electrically connected to the electrical protective device. In doing so, advantageous prove the axis of rotation itself be designed as an electrical conductor. This saves additional wiring to the second contact piece.
• the axis of rotation can be movable within the electrical
• the axis of rotation can, for example, be mounted pivotably and / or displaceably within the electrical protection device.
• the second contact piece can be removed even faster from the first contact piece and, correspondingly, the arc voltage of the arc can be increased.
• an electrical protective device wherein the axis of rotation is fixedly formed in the electrical protection device. This saves costs, since a fixed mounting of the axis of rotation is easier to realize than a movable arrangement.
• the rotation of the second contact piece can be better controlled about a fixed axis of rotation, since the rotation is two-dimensional and not three-dimensional.
• a further preferred electrical protective device provides that the axis of rotation intersects the longitudinal axis of the three-dimensional body formed by the orthogonal projection of the contact surface.
• the orthogonal projection of the contact surface in the direction of the substrate body creates an endless three-dimensional body.
• the longitudinal axis of this body is perpendicular to the contact surface and ideally also to the substrate body.
• the axis of rotation intersects the longitudinal axis of the projected imaginary body, the axis of rotation is centered or approximately centered with respect to the interface. That is, the axis of rotation extends centrally or approximately centrally to the area covered by the second contact piece on the substrate body.
• the second contact piece is assigned very close so that the rotation of the second contact piece about the axis of rotation can be done very quickly, resulting in a rapid increase in the arc voltage of the arc.
• the substrate body of the electrical protection device may have various shapes. It advantageously has the shape of a round or angular disk-shaped body. Particularly preferably, the substrate body has a cuboid shape. The cuboid substrate body preferably has a small thickness. This corresponds largely to a square disk-shaped body.
• the second contact piece is preferably arranged centrally or slightly off-center on the substrate body.
• the second contact piece Due to the mounting of the substrate body and thus of the second contact piece about the axis of rotation, the second contact piece can be rotated about an arbitrary angle about the axis of rotation. For example, the second contact piece can be rotated by 180 ° or more about the rotation axis after the contact surfaces are separated from each other.
• the arc By the rotation of the second contact piece, for example by 180 ° or more, the arc can be forced into a narrow gap or into a labyrinth, which increases the arc voltage by the following effects: extension of the arc, narrowing of the arc, cooling of the arc by stronger Contact with the walls and pressure increase.
• the risk of flashback of the arc is considerably reduced by the turning away or the wegschwen- ken / moving the contacts.
• an electrical protective device is preferred in which the axis of rotation is parallel or coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the Substrate body extends and in which the axis of rotation, relative to a section through the substrate body perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, in the middle third of the substrate body extends.
• the axis of rotation runs coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the substrate body.
• the weight distribution of the substrate body is the same everywhere with respect to the position to the axis of rotation.
• the substrate body can therefore be rotated about the axis of rotation without much effort.
• the second contact piece can be arranged centrally above the axis of rotation. However, it can also be provided that the second contact piece is attached somewhat offset from the axis of rotation on the substrate body.
• an electrical protective device is preferred in which a stop device for limiting the
• Rotary movement of the rotatably mounted substrate body is provided, wherein the stop means is arranged on the side facing away from the first contact piece of the substrate body.
• the stop device is particularly advantageous when the axis of rotation is slightly offset and parallel to
• the stop device can be arranged on the electrical protective device in such a way that one end of the substrate body does not hit the stop device during the rotation thereof, while the second end of the substrate body abuts against the stop device.
• the stop device therefore limits the substrate body only after a defined rotation about the axis of rotation, for example of 180 °.
• the stop device serves on the one hand to limit the rotational movement of the substrate body and on the other to narrow the arc channel and thus to increase the arc voltage again. At least the second contact piece is stopped after the attack on the stopper in its rotary motion.
• the electrical protective device has two rotatably mounted contact pieces, one of the contact pieces or even both of the contact pieces can have an abutment device.
• the stop device (s) is / are made of insulating materials, such as plastic or ceramic.
• the stop means limits the substrate body after a rotation of the substrate body of 150 ° to 350 °, preferably of 180 °, about the axis of rotation.
• a rotation of at least 150 ° about the axis of rotation a sufficiently high arc tension is exerted on the arc, so that it tears off.
• the electrical protective device may further provide that the first contact piece is pivotally and / or displaceably mounted in the electrical protective device and / or that the first contact piece is rotatably mounted about a second axis of rotation in the electrical protective device. That is, in addition to the rotation of the second contact piece, the first contact piece can be mounted in parallel and / or displaceably and / or rotatably in the electrical protective device in parallel.
• the two contact pieces in particular the contact surfaces of the two contact pieces, move away from each other.
• the first contact piece is preferably movably arranged on the electrical protective device in such a way that it is moved together with the second contact piece in the event of a short-circuit shutdown.
• the first contact piece can either be resiliently biased or also be moved by the movement of an armature.
• the first contact piece is thereby from the axis of rotation the second contact piece moves away, so that the second contact piece can rotate freely about its axis of rotation.
• an electrical protective device in which the first contact piece is mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation in the electrical protective device. That is, both the second contact piece and the first contact piece rotate after touching the armature about their axes of rotation.
• one of the two contact pieces is additionally displaced from its contact position and / or pivoted, so that the contact pieces do not prevent each other from rotating.
• the axis of rotation of the first contact piece preferably runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the second contact piece.
• the first and the second contact piece are arranged on a rotatably mounted substrate body.
• the substrate body used is in particular an insulating material, for example a material made of plastic or ceramic.
• the axes of rotation of the contact pieces advantageously extend through the insulating substrate body of the respective contact piece. As a result, the forwarding of the current along the axes of rotation is prevented, unless the axes of rotation are to serve as electrical conductors.
• the rotations of the substrate body are preferably limited by the stop means. That is, after a certain rotation of a contact piece or a substrate body, this / these proposes to the stop means, so that the arc channel is concentrated.
• an electrical protective device which serves as an overcurrent protection device or short-circuit protection device, in particular as a circuit breaker or a circuit breaker is formed. It is also conceivable that the electrical protective device is designed as a motor protection switch.
• the pivot axis of the first contact piece is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the second contact piece. In this way, a directed pivoting of the first contact piece is ensured by the second contact piece.
• the axis of rotation of the first contact piece is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the second contact piece. This ensures a directed rotation of the contact pieces to each other. Tilting of the contact pieces is thereby avoided.
• the axis of rotation of the first contact piece does not correspond to the pivot axis of the first contact piece.
• FIG. 1 shows a closed contact of the two contact pieces
• Figure 2 shows the position of the contact pieces directly after triggering the electrical protection device with an arc between the contact surfaces
• FIG. 3 shows an exploded arc between the contact surface of the first contact piece and the contact surface of the second contact piece;
• FIG. 4 shows the narrowed arc channel;
• Figure 5 shows a position of the contacts after the extinction of the arc
• FIG. 6 shows a closed contact of the two contact pieces with an axis of rotation outside the substrate body.
• Fig. 1 shows a first contact piece 1 and a second contact piece 11 of an electrical protective device, in particular an overcurrent protection device, such as a circuit breaker or a circuit breaker.
• an overcurrent protection device such as a circuit breaker or a circuit breaker.
• the second contact piece 11 has a contact surface 12 and a substrate body 13.
• the substrate body 13 is formed of an insulating material.
• the second contact piece 11 is rotatably supported about a rotation axis 14.
• the axis of rotation 14 is preferably fixed within the electrical protection device, ie, attached to the housing of the electrical protection device.
• the axis of rotation 14 passes through the substrate body 13 of the second contact piece 11, which is arranged parallel to the contact surface 15 between the substrate body 13 and the second contact piece 11.
• the contact surface 2 of the first contact piece 1 is in operative contact with the contact surface 12 of the second contact piece 11 for the passage of a current.
• the first contact piece 1 is pivotably mounted in this embodiment, wherein the axis of rotation of the first contact piece 1 is not shown.
• a stop device 30 is further for striking the second contact piece 11.
• the stop device 30 is made of an insulating material, in particular of plastic or ceramic.
• the axis of rotation 14 passes through the orthogonal projection of the contact surface 15 in the direction of the substrate body 13.
• the rotation of the substrate body 13 and thus the second contact piece 11 is very fast, since the distance between the second contact piece 11 and the axis of rotation 14 is very small.
• This advantageously has the consequence that quickly a high arc voltage of the arc 20 can be established. This in turn leads to a rapid extinction of the arc 20.
• the position of the contact pieces 1, 11 is shown directly after triggering the electrical protection device.
• an arc 20 is formed between the two contact surfaces 2 and 12 of the first contact piece 1 and the second contact piece 11, an arc 20 is formed.
• the second contact piece 11 is rotated by an anchor, not shown, or by spring force from its conductive position, as shown in Fig. 1, rotated.
• the first contact piece 1 is pivoted parallel to the rotation of the second contact piece 11 by the armature or by spring force from its conductive position shown in Fig. 1.
• the two contact surfaces 2, 12 of the contact pieces 1, 11 are removed from each other.
• the contact between the first and the second contact piece 1, 11 is opened, whereupon the arc 20 forms.
• the resulting arc 20 is pulled in the length.
• the second contact piece 11 has completed a rotation of approximately 100 ° about its axis of rotation 14, while the first contact piece 1 has been pivoted about 5-15 ° from its initial position, as shown in Fig. 1.
• pivoting the first contact piece 1 is guaranteed makes that the second contact piece 11 can rotate freely and is not limited by impact on the first contact piece 1 in its rotational movement. If the first contact piece 1 were not pivoted in this embodiment, the substrate body 13 of the second contact piece 11 would strike against the first contact piece 1, in particular against the pivot arm 3 of the first contact piece 1, so that further rotation of the second contact piece 11 may be prevented would become.
• first contact piece 1 it is also conceivable for the first contact piece 1 to be pivoted out of its contact position by the stop of the second contact piece 11 or of the substrate body 13 of the second contact piece 11.
• the second contact piece 1 would then be the trigger for the pivoting and / or displacement of the first contact piece 1.
• the arc 20 is pulled by the rotation of the second contact piece 11 and the pivoting of the first contact piece 1 quickly in length. As a result, a higher arc voltage is generated.
• Fig. 4 shows the narrow arc channel formed by the stopper 30 and the twisted substrate body 13, which causes a significant increase in the arc voltage.
• the stop device 30 is advantageously arranged in such an electrical protective device that in this embodiment of the electrical protection device after rotation of the second contact piece 11 by 180 °, the second contact piece 11 and the substrate body 13 of the second contact piece 11 to the stopper 30 bounces and so The arc is forced into a narrow channel, so that the arc voltage increases very much.
• other positions of the stop device 30 within the electrical protective device are also possible, so that the second contact piece 11 or the substrate body 13 of the second contact piece 11 is already turned on a rotation of a few. eng abuts against the stop device 30 as 180 °.
• the stop device 30 may be arranged within the electrical protection device such that the second contact piece 11 or the substrate body 13 of the second contact piece 11 is rotated more than 180 °, for example by 270 °.
• Fig. 6 shows a closed contact of the two contact pieces 1, 11, as shown in Fig. 1, wherein the axis of rotation 14 is outside the substrate body 13 here.
• the axis of rotation 14 also runs here in the orthogonal projection of the contact surface 15 between the substrate body 13 and the second contact piece 11.
• the longitudinal axis 16 of the substrate body 13 is represented by the "X.”
• the axis of rotation 14 is parallel to the longitudinal axis 16 of the substrate body 13th
• the axis of rotation 14 is not centrally through the substrate body 13, but slightly below.
• the substrate body 13 is divided into two legs with respect to the axis of rotation 14.
• the lower leg is shorter than the upper leg.
• the end of the lower leg does not strike the stop device 30, but only the end of the longer upper leg. Referring to FIGS. 1 to 5, the end of the longer upper leg, referred to FIG. 1, of the substrate body 13 after a rotation of the substrate body 13 of 180 ° about the axis of rotation 14 at the stop means 30 at.
• the core of the invention is the immediate arrangement of the axis of rotation in the orthogonal projection of the contact surface 15 in the direction of the substrate body, wherein the rotation axis 14 is arranged close to the second contact piece 11.
• This allows a particularly fast turning away of the contact surface 12 of the second contact piece 11 from the contact surface 2 of the first contact piece 1.
• the fast rotation of the second contact piece 11 and the special shape of the substrate body 13 results in the arc voltage of the contact surfaces 2 being separated. 12 resulting arc 20 increases rapidly, which in turn leads to a rapid extinction of the arc 20.
• Such an electrical protective device can be made relatively small and inexpensive to manufacture, since due to the special arrangement of the axis of rotation 14 to the second contact piece 11, in particular the vicinity of the axis of rotation 14 to the second contact piece 11, no large components, such as a pivot lever, are required and therefore no long distances have to be covered.

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• Breakers (AREA)
• Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-07-24 DE DE200710034526 patent/DE102007034526B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-06-25 EP EP08785879A patent/EP2171736A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-06-25 CN CN200880100205XA patent/CN101765895B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-06-25 WO PCT/EP2008/058053 patent/WO2009013091A1/de active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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