Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of certain fungicides to achieve a more timely sequence of development of oil plants. It also relates to a method for increasing the quality and, where appropriate, the quantity of oil plant products.
• oleaginous plants For further utilization, e.g. for oil production, oleaginous plants often use oil-containing fruits / seeds which do not have the optimal degree of ripeness, i. overripe or immature.
• this has the consequence that the quality of the plant products, e.g. of the oil or its reaction products, can be adversely affected.
• a high quality of such oil plant products is not only of great importance in the food and cosmetics sector; Even when used as regenerative fuels, high quality standards must be met.
• Biodiesel refers to the lower alkyl esters, in particular the methyl esters, of fatty acids. These are obtainable by transesterifying vegetable oils, such as rapeseed oil, but also used fats and used oils and animal fats, which occur in nature as triglycerides, with an alcohol, such as methanol. Vegetable oils are usually obtained by pressing the oil-containing plant parts of oil plants, for example of oily fruits or seeds.
• an oil which has a relatively high content of phosphorus compounds and mineral compounds, such as alkali and in particular alkaline earth metal compounds, especially calcium and magnesium compounds.
• These compounds which may be present not only in the oil but also in reaction products thereof, may have a negative impact on combustion in engines and combustion plants. In addition, they have a negative effect on the material resistance of engines. Negative effects on the exhaust systems are also possible.
• the compounds mentioned in the combustion process lead to a considerable ash formation, which loads, for example, particulate filter of diesel vehicles. The ash can not be removed by regeneration of the particulate filter, but is held in the filter, which leads to an increase in the exhaust backpressure.
• the iodine value is a measure of the number of C-C double bonds in the fatty acid molecules on which the oil or its reaction products are based, i. for the unsaturated character of the oil.
• High iodine oils are more susceptible to oxidation and thus resinify faster than oils with a higher degree of saturation, so that their storage stability is lower.
• the provision of vegetable oils or reaction products thereof with the highest possible oxidation stability is desirable because sufficient oxidative stability, which is an important aspect of storage stability, is essential for successful commercialization.
• the oxidation stability is determined not only by the degree of saturation of the oil, but also by the presence of antioxidants, such as vitamin A or vitamin E.
• the flash point refers to the measured temperature at which vapors evolve in a closed vessel, resulting in a spark-in-air mixture that can be ignited by spark ignition.
• the flash point is used to classify liquids in hazard classes. Of course, it is desirable worth to provide vegetable oils and reaction products thereof with the highest possible flashpoint.
• the calorific value is a measure of the amount of energy released by the complete combustion of a substance per volume or mass.
• the upper calorific value also referred to as the calorific value
• the lower net calorific value is adjusted. It goes without saying that oil product products with the highest possible lower calorific value are desirable.
• the cetane number is a measure of the ignitability of a diesel fuel and, of course, ignition-willing fuels are particularly desirable.
• the coke residue is composed of organic and inorganic material that results from incomplete combustion of fuel and is a measure of the coking tendency of a fuel at the injection nozzles and for residue formation in the combustion chamber.
• the coking of injectors leads to a poorer distribution of the injected fuel and thus to a reduction in engine performance.
• the coking is currently suppressed in engines, especially by adding special detergents and dispersants. Fuels that have a lower tendency to coke are of course desirable.
• the reduction of the contents of sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine and said (semi) metals is intended above all to reduce the emission of harmful substances harmful to the health, such as sulfuric acid and other sulfur compounds and nitrous gases, to reduce the corrosive action of oil plant products all of vegetable oils and reaction products thereof, metal parts coming into contact with them and the reduction of ash formation, eg by the said (semi) metal compounds serve.
• the above-mentioned quality criteria are influenced, among other things, by the degree of ripeness of the oil plant or its fruit / seed.
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide compounds which cause the individual development phases within plants, in particular of oil plants, to become more homogeneous in themselves and thus within shorter time intervals.
• the maturation of the fruit / seeds should be as homogeneous as possible, ie within a shortened time interval.
• the object has accordingly been achieved by the use of at least one fungicide which is selected from aryl and heterocyclylamides, carbamates, dicarboximides, azoles, strobilurins and morpholines, optionally in combination with at least one growth regulator, in order to achieve a temporally more uniform course of the development of oil plants.
• at least one fungicide which is selected from aryl and heterocyclylamides, carbamates, dicarboximides, azoles, strobilurins and morpholines, optionally in combination with at least one growth regulator, in order to achieve a temporally more uniform course of the development of oil plants.
• the more consistent timing of the development of the oil crops relates to a standardization compared to the development of the same oil crop (in terms of species and variety) under the same growth conditions of the plant, but without the treatment of the plant or its seed with the specified fungicides.
• Temporal more consistent development of oil plants means that individual growth stages of the plants take place in a narrower time window, in particular the growth in length, the shooting and in particular the flowering and / or the ripening of the fruits / seeds.
• the growth in length and / or the shoot and / or the flowering within the plant and / or the ripening of the fruit / seed of the plant are carried out in a more uniform, i. within a narrower time interval compared to plants not treated according to the invention.
• the flowering takes place within the plant and / or the ripening of the fruit / seed of the plant in a more uniform, ie within a narrower time interval in comparison to plants not treated according to the invention.
• the ripening of the fruit / seed of the plant takes place in a more uniform time frame, ie within a narrower time interval in comparison to plants not treated according to the invention. "Within the plant” means that the development in one and the same plant is more concentrated.
• Oil plants are plants from whose parts of plants, in particular their fruits and / or seeds, oil is obtained. They can be divided into two main groups:
• Pulp oil plants in which the oil is obtained from the fatty pulp include, for example, the olive tree and the oil palm.
• Seed oil plants in which the oil is extracted from the seeds include, for example, rape, turnip rape, mustard, oil radish, camelina, ⁇ lrauke, Krambe, sunflower, safflower, thistle, marigold, soybean, lupine, flax, hemp, pumpkin, poppy, corn and nuts, especially araffles (peanuts).
• Preferred oil plants are seed oil plants in the strict sense, i. Oil plants that have no additional oily pulp.
• the terms "fruit” and “seed” which underlie the definition of the terms “pulp oil plants” and “seed oil plants” are not strictly morphologically used, ie it is not distinguished according to which parts of the flower seed or the fruit has arisen.
• seed is understood as meaning that part of the plant which can be used as such, ie without further treatment, as seed.
• the fruit is the totality of the organs which emerge from a flower, that is the seeds
• a fruit comprises one or more seeds surrounded by a pericarp pericarp
• a fruit also comprises pulp which is easily separated from the seed in a morphological sense
• seed oil plants thus encompass both oil plants in which the oil is obtained from seeds in a morphological sense, and oil plants in which the oil originates from the seed such fruit is obtained in which the pericarp is inseparable from the seed, as be Ispielmud with sunflowers, nuts or corn is the case.
• seed coat is not limited to the shell of seeds in a morphological sense, but also includes the fruit peel (fruit wall) of fruits in which the pericarp is inseparable from the seed and thus under the term used in the invention "Seeds" fall.
• fruits / seeds is understood to mean the seeds without separable pulp.
• the invention relates to a method for increasing the quality and, where appropriate, the quantity of oil plant products, comprising a (live) oil plant or (living) plant parts thereof or their seeds (ie the seed from which the plant grows) with at least one fungicide optionally in combination with at least one growth regulator, as defined above, harvesting the fruit / seeds of the oil plant when their water content is at most 15% by weight based on the total weight of the fruits / seeds and the oil plant product wins, the increase in quality being selected according to the following criteria: (i) reducing the phosphorus content of at least one oil crop product; (ii) reducing the alkali and / or alkaline earth content of at least one oil plant product;
• the increased quality and optionally increased quantity of the at least one oilseed product relates to an improvement compared to the quality and possibly quantity of the same oil plant product obtained from the same oil plant (in species and variety) under the same growth conditions of the plant but without the treatment of the plant or its seed with the specified fungicides and / or without harvest at the time described, in the same way (in terms of harvesting, processing, etc.) is obtained.
• oil plant products are understood as meaning all oil-containing plant parts of oil plants, their processing products and reaction products, as well as the reaction products of the processed products. These are for energy, e.g. in the form of fuels and fuels, as lubricants, but also for use in the food and feed sector or in the cosmetics sector.
• Olive oil products include, in particular, the oil-containing fruits and seeds of oil plants, the oil obtained therefrom (used in the food industry, eg as edible oil or for the production of margarine, in the cosmetics sector, eg as a carrier, as a lubricant or as fuel and fuel can be), the resulting in oil extraction in the pressing process resulting press cake (which can be used in the feed sector as animal feed or fuel) and the reaction products of the oil, eg its transesterification products with C1-C4 alcohols, preferably with methanol (which can be used as biodiesel).
• Transesterification products of the oil with C 1 -C 4 -alcohols are understood to mean the C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters of the fatty acids present in the oil principally as glycerides (more particularly as triglycerides).
• the oil plant products are vegetable oils and their reaction products, e.g. the transesterification products with Ci-C4-alcohols, preferably with methanol selected.
• Oils are understood in the context of the present invention, unless otherwise defined, vegetable oils.
• Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine and in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
• partially or fully halogenated means that one or more, eg, 1, 2, 3, or 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms of a given group are replaced by halogen atoms, especially fluorine or chlorine.
• C m -C n -alkyl (also in C m -C n -haloalkyl, C m -C n -alkylthio, C m -C n -haloalkylthio, C 1 -C n -alkylsulfinyl and C m -C n - Alkylsulfonyl) stands for a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon radical with m to n, eg 1 to 8, carbon atoms.
• Ci-C4-alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, Isobutyl or tert-butyl
• C 1 -C 8 -alkyl furthermore represents, for example, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylprop
• C 1 -C 5 -haloalkyl (or C m -C n -haloalkyl) is a linear or branched alkyl radical having m to n carbon atoms, in which 1 or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms, in particular fluorine or chlorine.
• Ci-Cs-haloalkyl is a linear or branched C 1 -C -alkyl radical in which 1 or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms, in particular fluorine or chlorine.
• d-Cs-haloalkyl is C 1 -C 2 -haloalkyl.
• C 1 -C 2 -haloalkyl is, for example, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, bromomethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2- Difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl and the like.
• Cm-C n -Al koxy represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having m to n carbon atoms, which is bonded via an oxygen atom. Accordingly, C T C 4 - alkoxy is a Ci-C4-alkyl radical which is bonded via an oxygen atom. Examples of these are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, isobutoxy and tert-butoxy. Examples of C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy are furthermore pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy and their constitutional isomers.
• d-Cs-Haloalkoxy represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl radical which is bonded via an oxygen atom and in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen atom, in particular by fluorine or chlorine.
• Examples these are chloromethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, bromomethoxy, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 1-chloroethoxy, 1-bromoethoxy, 1-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2, 2-difluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, pentachloroethoxy and the like.
• Ci-Cs-Al kylthio, Ci-Cs-alkylsulfinyl and d-Cs-alkylsulfonyl are a linear or branched Ci-Cs-alkyl radical via a sulfur atom (alkylthio), an S (O) - group (alkylsulfinyl) or S (O) 2-group (alkylsulfonyl) is bonded.
• Examples of C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio and the like.
• C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl examples include methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, isopropylsulfinyl, n-butylsulfinyl and the like.
• Examples of C 1 -C 8 alkylsulfonyl include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl and the like.
• C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio is a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical which is bonded via a sulfur atom. Examples thereof include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio and constitutional isomers thereof.
• Ci-Cs-haloalkylthio represents a linear or branched Ci-Cs-alkyl radical which is bonded via a sulfur atom and in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen atom, in particular by fluorine or chlorine.
• chloromethylthio examples of these are chloromethylthio, dichloromethylthio, trichloromethylthio, fluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, bromomethylthio, chlorofluoromethylthio, dichlorofluoromethylthio, chlorodifluoromethylthio, 1-chloroethylthio, 1-bromoethylthio, 1-fluoroethylthio, 2-chloroethylthio, 2-bromoethylthio, 2-fluoroethylthio, 2 , 2-difluoroethylthio, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethylthio, 2,2-dichloroethylthio, 2,2,2-trichloroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, pentachloroethylthio
• Ci-Cs-alkoxy-Ci-Cs-alkyl is a Ci-Cs-alkyl group in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a Ci-Cs- alkoxy group. Examples of these are methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, propoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxypropyl and the like.
• Cm-Cn-alkylthio-C-Cn-alkyl is a C m -C n -alkyl group in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a C m -C n -alkylthio group. Accordingly, Ci-Cs-Al Cylthio-Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl for a d-Cs-alkyl group in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a Ci-Cs-alkylthio group.
• methylthiomethyl ethylthio methyl
• propylthiomethyl methylthioethyl, ethylthioethyl, propylthioethyl, methylthiopropyl, ethylthiopropyl, propylthiopropyl and the like.
• Cm-Cn-haloalkylthio-C-Cn-alkyl is a C m -C n -alkyl group in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a C m -C n haloalkylthio group.
• C 1 -C 6 haloalkylthio-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl represents a C 1 -C 5 -alkyl group in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -haloalkylthio group.
• chloromethylthio methyl examples of these are chloromethylthio methyl, dichloromethylthiomethyl, trichloromethylthiomethyl, chloroethylthiomethyl, dichloroethylthiomethyl, trichloroethylthiomethyl, tetrachloroethylthiomethyl, pentachloroethylthiomethyl and the like.
• Carboxy is a group -COOH.
• C-i-C ⁇ -alkylcarbonyl represents a group -CO-R, wherein R is d-Cs-alkyl.
• Ci-Cs-Alkyloxycarbonyl (also called d-Cs-alkoxycarbonyl) is a group -C (O) OR, wherein R is Ci-C 8 -alkyl.
• Ci-Cs-Alkylcarbonyloxy represents a group -OC (O) -R, wherein R is d-Cs-alkyl.
• d-Cs-Alkylaminocarbonyl represents a group -CO-NH-R, wherein R is d-Cs-alkyl.
• Di- (C 1 -C 8 -alkyl) -aminocarbonyl represents a group -CO-N (RR ') in which R and R' independently of one another represent d-Cs-alkyl.
• C2-C8 alkenyl is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and a double bond in any position.
• these are ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl (AIIyI), 1-methylethenyl, 1-, 2- and 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1, 2 , 3- and 4-pentenyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5- hexenyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-hepetenyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-octenyl and constitutional isomers thereof.
• C2-C8 alkenyloxy represents a C2-C8 alkenyl radical which is bonded via an oxygen atom. Examples of these are ethenyloxy, propenyloxy and the like.
• C2-C8 alkenylthio represents a C2-C8 alkenyl radical which is bonded via a sulfur atom. Examples of these are ethenylthio, propenylthio and the like.
• C2-C8 alkenylamino represents a group -NH-R, wherein R is C2-Cs-alkenyl.
• N, -Cs-alkenyl-Nd-Cs-alkylamino represents a group -N (RR '), wherein R is C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl and R' is C 1 -C 8 -alkyl.
• C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl is a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and at least one triple bond. Examples of these are ethynyl, propynyl, 1- and 2-butynyl and the like.
• C2-C8-alkynyloxy is a C2-C8-alkynyl radical which is bonded via an oxygen atom. Examples of these are propinyloxy, butynyloxy and the like.
• C 2 -C 8 -alkynylthio is a C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl radical which is bonded via a sulfur atom. Examples of these are ethynylthio, propynylthio and the like.
• C2-Cs-Alkynylamino represents a group -NH-R, wherein R is C2-Cs-alkynyl.
• N ⁇ -Cs-alkynyl-Nd-Cs-alkylamino represents a group -N (RR ') in which R is C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl and R' is C 1 -C 8 -alkyl.
• C3-C8-Cycloalkyl represents a monocyclic 3- to 8-membered saturated cycloaliphatic radical. Examples of these are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
• C3-Cio-Cycloalkyl is a monocyclic 3- to 10-membered saturated cycloaliphatic radical. Examples of these are in addition to the radicals mentioned for Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl cyclononyl and cyclodecyl.
• Cs-Cs-Cycloalkyloxy (or Cs-Cs-cycloalkoxy) represents an oxygen-bonded Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl radical. Examples of these are cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptyloxy and cyclooctyloxy.
• Cs-Cs-Cycloalkylthio is a C3-C8-cycloalkyl radical bonded via a sulfur atom. Examples of these are cyclopropylthio, cyclobutylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, cycloheptylthio and cyclooctylthio.
• C3-C8-Cycloalkylamino represents a group -NH-R, wherein R is Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl.
• N -C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl-N-C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino represents a group -N (RR ') in which R is C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl and R' is C 1 -C 8 -alkyl.
• Cs-Cs-Cycloalkenyl is a monocyclic 3- to 8-membered unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having at least one double bond.
• Examples of these are cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexyladienyl, cycloheptenyl, cycloheptadienyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctadienyl, cyclooctatranyl and cyclooctatetraenyl.
• Cs-Cs-Cycloalkenyloxy represents an oxygen-bonded C3-C8-
• Cycloalkenyl examples thereof are cyclopropenyloxy, cyclobutenyloxy, cyclopentenyloxy, cyclopentadienyloxy, cyclohexenyloxy, cyclohexadienyloxy, cycloheptenyloxy, cycloheptadienyloxy, cyclooctenyloxy, cyclooctadienyloxy, cyclooctatrienyloxy and cyclooctatetraenyloxy.
• Cm-Cn-alkylene is a linear or branched alkylene group with m to n, z. B. 1 to 8, carbon atoms.
• C 1 -C 3 -alkylene is, for example, methylene, 1, 1 or 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2,2 or 1, 3-propylene.
• C 2 -C 4 -alkylene for example, represents 1, 1 or 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2,2 or 1, 3-propylene, 1, 1, 1, 2 -, 1, 3 or 1, 4-butylene.
• C 3 -C 5 -alkylene is, for example, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2 or 1, 3-propylene, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4 Butylene, 1, 1-dimethyl-1,2-ethylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethylene, 1,1,1,1,2,1,3,4,1 or 1,5 Pentylene and the like.
• Oxy-Cm-Cn-alkylene represents a group -OR-, wherein R is C m -C n -alkylene.
• oxy-C2-C4-alkylene is a group -OR-, wherein R is C2-C4-alkylene. Examples of these are oxyethylene, oxypropylene and the like.
• Oxy-Cm-Cn-Alkylenoxy represents a group -ORO-, wherein R is C m -C n -alkylene.
• oxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkyleneoxy represents a group -ORO- in which R is C 1 -C 3 -alkylene. Examples of these are oxymethyleneoxy, oxy-1,2-ethyleneoxy, oxy-1,3-propyleneoxy and the like
• Cm-Cn alkenylene is a linear or branched alkenylene group with m to n, e.g. 2 to 8, carbon atoms and a C-C double bond at any position.
• C 1 -C 4 -alkenylene is 1, 1 or 1, 2-ethenylene, 1, 1, 1, 2 or 3
• C 3 -C 8 -alkenylene is, for example, 1, 1, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propenylene, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-butenylene, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4 or 1, 5-pentenylene and the like.
• Oxy-Cm-Cn-alkenylene is a group -OR-, wherein R is C m -C n -alkenylene.
• oxy-C2-C4 alkenylene is an -OR- group, where R is C2-C4 alkenylene. Examples of these are oxyethenylene, oxypropenylene and the like.
• Oxy-Cm-Cn-alkenyleneoxy represents a group -OR-O-, wherein R is C m -C n -alkenylene.
• oxy-C2-C4 alkenyleneoxy represents a group -O-RO- wherein R is C2-C4 alkenylene. Examples of these are oxyethenyleneoxy, oxypropenyleneoxy and the like.
• Cm-Cn alkynylene is a linear or branched alkynylene group with m to n, e.g. 2 to 8, carbon atoms and a C-C triple bond at any position.
• C 1 -C 4 -alkynylene is 1, 1 or 1, 2-ethynylene, 1, 1, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propynylene, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1,4-butynylene.
• C 3 -C 5 -alkynylene is, for example, 1, 1, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propynylene, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-butynylene, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4 or 1, 5-pentynylene and the like.
• C 1 -C 4 -alkanols are, in the context of the present invention, aliphatic C 1 -C 4 -hydrocarbons in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by a hydroxyl group. Examples of these are methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol and tert-butanol.
• Aryl is an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or phenanthrenyl and in particular phenyl.
• Suitable substituents are, for example, halogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, OH, NO 2 , CN, COOH, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 8 -
• Aryloxy is an aryl radical bonded via an oxygen atom.
• An example of this is optionally substituted phenoxy.
• Arylthio represents an aryl radical bonded via a sulfur atom.
• An example of this is optionally substituted phenylthio.
• Aryl-d-Cs-alkyl is a Ci-Cs-alkyl radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by an aryl group. Examples of these are benzyl and 2-phenylethyl.
• Aryl-C2-C8 alkenyl is a C2-C8 alkenyl radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by an aryl group.
• An example of this is 2-phenylethenyl (styryl).
• Aryl-C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl is a C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by an aryl group.
• An example of this is 2-phenylethynyl.
• Aryl-C-i-Cs-alkoxy is a Ci-Cs-alkoxy radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by an aryl group.
• Arylthio-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by an aryl group, for example optionally substituted phenylthio-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
• optionally substituted phenylthio-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl are phenylthiomethyl (C 6 H 5 -S-CH 2 ) and phenylthioethyl (C 6 H 5 -S-CH 2 CH 2 ), where the phenyl radical may be substituted, for example by a or more chlorine atoms.
• Heterocyclyl is a non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated or aromatic ("hetaryl") heterocyclyl radical having preferably 3 to 7 ring members and 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms which are selected from O, N and S and / or heteroatoms.
• heteroaryl non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated or aromatic
• nonaromatic heterocyclyl groups include pyridinyl, azidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidinonyl, pyrrolidinedi nyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolinonyl, imidazolinedionyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolinonyl, pyrrolinediyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolinonyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, dioxolenyl, thiolanyl, Dihydrothienyl,
• aromatic heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl and triazinyl.
• Heterocyclyloxy or hetaryloxy is a heterocyclyl or hetaryl radical bonded via an oxygen atom.
• Hetaryl-Ci-Cs-alkyl is a Ci-Cs-alkyl radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by a hetaryl group. Examples of these are pyrrolylmethyl, pyridinylmethyl and the like.
• Hetaryl-C2-C8 alkenyl is a C2-C8 alkenyl radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by a hetaryl group.
• Hetaryl-C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl is a C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by a hetaryl group.
• Hetaryl-d-Cs-alkoxy is a C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy radical in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by a hetaryl group.
• Increasing the quality preferably means that at least one oil crop produces at least one of the criteria (i) to (xi), more preferably (i) to (viii), even more preferably (i) to (vii), especially (i ) to (iii) and (vi), especially (i), (ii) or (vi) and even more specifically (i) or (vi).
• Suitable oil plants are, for example, oilseed rape, turnip rape, mustard, oil radish, camelina, ⁇ lrauke, Krambe, sunflower, safflower, thistle, marigold, soybean, lupine, flax, hemp, pumpkin, poppy, corn, oil palm and peanut.
• the oil plants are preferably selected from seed oil plants in the narrower sense.
• Seed oil plants are preferably selected from oilseed rape, turnip rape, mustard, oil radish, camelina, oil ilex, raspberry, sunflower, safflower, thistle, marigold, soybean, lupine, flax, hemp, pumpkin, poppy and corn.
• oil plants / seed oil plants selected from rapeseed, turnip rape, sunflower, soybean, linseed and corn, more preferably rapeseed, turnip rape and sunflower, even more preferably rapeseed and turnip rape and in particular rape.
• oilseed rape and in particular oilseed rape are preferred.
• other types of rapeseed such as erucic acid and glucosinolate-containing varieties are suitable.
• the fungicides used according to the invention are selected from aryl and heterocyclylamides (also referred to below as amide fungicides), carbamates, dicarboximides, azoles, strobilurins and morpholines.
• the fungicides used are selected from aryl and heterocyclylamides, carbamates, dicarboximides, azoles and strobilurins.
• the fungicides used according to the invention are preferably selected from aryl and heterocyclylamides, strobilurins and azoles.
• the fungicides used according to the invention are particularly preferably selected from aryl and heterocyclylamides and azoles. Specifically, at least one aryl or heterocyclylamide is used in combination with at least one azole.
• Aryl- and heterocyclylamides are understood as meaning fungicides which comprise a carboxamide group in which the amine part is derived from optionally substituted aniline or from an optionally substituted hetarylamine and the carbonyl group carries an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclyl radical.
• Amide fungicides also referred to as carboxamide fungicides or especially in the case where the amine portion of aniline is derived, are known as anilide fungicides, and methods for their preparation are generally known to those skilled in the art and, for example, in Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Company or in the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Preferred amide fungicides are those of the formula I.
• A is an aryl group or an aromatic or non-aromatic 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms or heteroatom-containing
• Ci-Cs-alkyl contains as ring members, wherein the aryl group or the heterocycle optionally have 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently are selected from halogen, Ci-Cs-alkyl, Ci-Cs-haloalkyl, Ci-Cs- alkoxy, Ci-Cs-haloalkoxy, Ci-Cs-alkylthio, Ci-Cs-alkylsulfinyl and Ci-C 8 -
• M is a thienyl ring or a phenyl ring, wherein the thienyl and the phenyl ring can carry 1, 2 or 3 halogen atoms and wherein the phenyl ring optionally condensed with a saturated 5-membered ring optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C 1 -C 6 -alkyl groups and / or optionally having a heteroatom selected from O and S as the ring member;
• Q is a bond, Ci -C 6 -alkylene-Al, C2-C6-alkenylene, C2-C6 alkynylene, C3-C6 cycloalkylene, C3-C6 cycloalkenylene, -O-C1 -C 6 -alkylene-Al, -OC 2 -C 6 alkenylene, -OC 2 -C 6 alkynylene, -O-Cs-Ce-cycloalkylene, -O-Cs-Ce-cycloalkenylene, -S-CrC 6 -alkylene, -SC 2 -C 6 alkenylene, -S-C 2 -C 6 alkynylene, -S-Cs-Ce-cycloalkylene, -SC 3 -C 6 - kylen cycloalkenylene, -SO-Ci-C 6 -AI, -SO-C 2 -C 6 - Alkenylene
• SO-Cs-Ce-cycloalkylene SO-Cs-Ce-cycloalkylene, -SO-Cs-Ce-cycloalkenylene, -SO 2 -Ci-C 6 -alkylene, -SO 2 -C 2 - Ce-alkenylene, -SO 2 -C 2 -C 6 -alkynylene , -SO 2 -C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylene, -SO 2 -C 3 -C 6 - cycloalkenylene, O, S, SO or SO 2 ;
• aliphatic and cycloaliphatic radicals in Q may be partially or completely halogenated and / or the cycloaliphatic radicals may be substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C 1 -C -alkyl radicals;
• R 1 is hydrogen, halogen, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl or phenyl, where the cycloalkyl radical can carry one methyl group and where phenyl is replaced by 1 to 5 halogen atoms and / or by 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected independently of one another C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 12 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C -alkoxy, C 1 -C 5 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C -alkylthio and C 1 -C -haloalkylthio.
• Amides of the formula I and processes for their preparation are known per se and, for example, in EP-A-545099, EP-A-589301, EP-A 737682, EP-A 824099, WO 97/08952, WO 99/09013, WO 03/010149, WO 03/070705, WO 03/074491, WO 2004/005242 and WO 2004/067515 and in the literature cited therein, to which reference is hereby fully made.
• the carboxamide group and the radical Q are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of the radical M.
• Q is a single bond and R 1 is hydrogen.
• Q is a single bond and R 1 is phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 hydrogen atoms.
• Q is C 1 -C 6 -alkylene and R 1 is hydrogen.
• Q and R 1 together form -O-C1-C4-haloalkyl or -S-Ci-C 4 -haloalkyl.
• Q is cyclopropylene and R 1 is cyclopropyl, optionally bearing a methyl group.
• R 1 is cyclopropyl, optionally bearing a methyl group.
• both rings are trans-substituted.
• A is preferably selected from groups of the formulas (A1) to (A8) described below, and more preferably from groups of the formulas (A1), (A2), (A5) and (A7) described below.
• M is thienyl
• M is phenyl.
• M preferably carries the radical QR 1 as the only substituent.
• M preferably M carries a halogen atom in addition to the radical QR 1 , fluorine being preferred among these.
• the halogen atom is bonded in the para position to the carboxamide group.
• the amide of the formula I is particularly preferably selected from anilides of the formula 1.1
• A is a group of the formula A1 to A8
• X is CH 2 , S, SO or SO 2 ;
• R 3 is CH 3 , CHF 2 , CF 3 , Cl, Br or I;
• R 4 is CF 3 or Cl
• R 5 is hydrogen or CH 3 ;
• R 6 is CH 3 , CHF 2 , CF 3 or Cl
• R 7 is hydrogen, CH 3 or Cl
• R 8 is CH 3 , CHF 2 or CF 3 ;
• R 9 is hydrogen, CH 3 , CHF 2 , CF 3 or Cl.
• R 10 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio or halogen.
• the group A stands for the group A2, wherein R 4 is halogen.
• R 10 is simultaneously halogen.
• the amide fungicide of the formula I is selected from anilides of the formula 1.1.1 and 1.1.2
• anilide 1.1.1 is particularly preferred. This compound is also known under the common name Boscalid and commercially available.
• amides I wherein A is a radical of the formula (A1) to (A8), M is phenyl or thienyl, Q is C 1 -C 6 -alkylene and R 1 is hydrogen.
• amides I wherein A is a radical of the formula (A1) to (A8), M is phenyl, Q is cyclopropylene and R 1 is cyclopropyl, which optionally carries a methyl group. Preferably, both rings are trans-substituted.
• Carbamate fungicides are fungicidally active compounds containing a carbamate group (NRR'-CO-OR ").
• Carbamate fungicides and processes for their preparation are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Company or in the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/ is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Preferred carbamate fungicides are those known by the common names benthicillicarbic acid, furophanate, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-ethyl, benomyl, carbendazim, cypendazole, debacarb and mecarbarbid.
• carbendazim, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl and thiophanate-ethyl are particularly preferred.
• thiophanate-methyl is used.
• Dicarboximide fungicides are fungicidally active compounds containing an imide group of a dicarboxylic acid. Accordingly, these compounds contain a cyclic structure having a -CO-NR-CO group. Dicarboximide fungicides and processes for their preparation are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Company or in the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/, which is hereby incorporated by reference Full reference is made.
• Preferred dicarboximides are those of the formula II
• R 11 is C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 8 -haloalkylthio, C 1 -C 8 -alkylthio-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 -
• R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 15 independently of one another represent hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl,
• R 12 and R 14 may also together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated aromatic or non-aromatic cycle which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 substituents which are selected from Halogen, Ci-Ce-alkyl, d-Cs-alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, benzyl or benzoxy may be substituted; and
• R 16 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkyloxycarbonyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkylaminocarbonyl or di- (C 1 -C 8 -alkyl) aminocarbonyl.
• Preferred dicarboximide fungicides are those known by the common names famoxadone, fluoroimides, chlozolinates, dichlozolines, iprodione, isovalediones, myclozolin, procymidones, vinclozolin, captafol, captan, ditalimfos, folpet and thiochlorfenphim. Particularly preferred are iprodione, vinclozolin, and procymidone. In particular, Iprodione is used.
• Azole fungicides also referred to as conazole fungicides, are fungicidally active compounds containing an aromatic 5-membered nitrogen heterocycle and especially an imidazole ring ("imidazole-conazole”) or a triazole ring (“triazole-conazole”).
• Azole fungicides and processes for their preparation are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Company or in the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/, which is hereby incorporated by reference Full reference is made.
• Preferred azole fungicides are those which are known under the common names bitertanol, bromoconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, dinitroconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquiconazole, flusilazole, hexaconazole, imazalil, metconazole, myclobutanil, pacobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prochloraz, Prothioconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, triadimol, triflumizole and triticonazole.
• difenoconazole flusilazole, metconazole, paclobutrazole, prothioconazole and tebuconazole. More preferred are flusilazole, metconazole, prothioconazole and tebuconazole. Even more preferred are metconazole, prothioconazole and tebuconazole. In particular, one uses metconazole.
• Strobilurin fungicides are fungicidally active compounds derived from natural strobilurins, antibodies produced by fungi of the genus Strobilurus (cone ruffians). Structurally they contain 1.) at least one functional group selected from enol ethers, oxime ethers and O-alkylhydroxylamines (Group I) and 2.) at least one carboxyl derivative (Group II). Preferred carboxyl derivatives are the following functional groups: ester, cyclic ester, amide, cyclic amide, hydroxamic acid and cyclic hydroxamic acid. The radicals of group I and of group II are preferably directly adjacent, ie connected by a single bond.
• Strobilurin fungicides are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Company or in the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/, to which reference is hereby made in its entirety ,
• Preferred strobilurins are those of the formulas INA or HIB
• LJ _ ⁇ is a double bond or single bond
• R b is an organic radical which is bonded directly or via an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an amino or a C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino group; or the
• an optionally substituted bicyclic, partially or completely unsaturated system which, in addition to carbon ring members, has 1, 2 or 3 heterocyclic atoms, independently selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, may contain;
• n is O, 1, 2 or 3, where X may be the same or different when n> 1;
• X is cyano, nitro, halogen, C -C -alkyl 8 -alkyl, Ci-C 8 haloalkyl, Ci-C8-alkoxy, Ci-C 8 - haloalkoxy or C 8 -alkylthio or
• Q is phenyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, pyridinyl, 2-pyridonyl, pyrimidinyl or triazinyl; and
• T is phenyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl or triazinyl.
• these radicals also have one or more (preferably 1, 2 or 3) substituents independently of one another selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 5 -alkoxy, halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 5 -haloalkyl (in particular CF 3 and CHF2), hetaryl and aryl.
• substituents independently of one another selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 5 -alkoxy, halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 5 -haloalkyl (in particular CF 3 and CHF2), hetaryl and aryl.
• hetaryl and aryl may again have 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected independently of one another from halogen, C 1 -C -haloalkyl (in particular CF 3 and CHF 2), phenyl, CN, phenoxy, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, Ci-C8-alkoxy and Ci-C8-haloalkoxy.
• R b is aryloxy, hetaryloxy, aryloxymethylene, hetaryloxymethylene, arylethenylene or hetarylethenylene, where these radicals optionally have 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected independently of one another from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, halogen, CF3, CHF2, CN, Ci-C 8 alkoxy and phenyl which may itself have 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, CF3, CHF2, phenyl, CN, phenoxy, C -C 8 - alkyl, Ci-C8-alkoxy and Ci-C8-haloalkoxy;
• R ⁇ is d-Ce-alkyl
• R is ß, which optionally has 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from Ci-C 8 alkyl, Ci-C8 alkoxy, halogen, Ci-C8-haloalkoxy, phenyl, pyridyl or pyrimidyl, CF3 and CHF2;
• R ⁇ is hydrogen, cyano, halogen, Ci-C 8 -alkyl, C-8 alkoxy, Ci-C8 alkylthio, d- C8-alkylamino, di-Ci-C 8 alkylamino, C 2 - C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyloxy, C 2 -C 8 -
• R ⁇ is Ci-Cs-alkyl, C2-Cs-alkenyl or C2-Cs-alkynyl, where these groups can be partially or fully halogenated and / or 1, 2 or 3 of the following
• Radicals can carry: cyano, Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl.
• phenoxy or pyrimidinyloxy which is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen atoms or a phenoxy radical which optionally has a halogen or cyano substituent;
• phenylethenylene or pyrazolylethenylene wherein the phenyl or pyrazolyl radical optionally has 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected independently from among halogen, CF3, CHF2 and phenyl.
• R ⁇ is d-Cs-alkyl
• R ⁇ is phenyl which optionally has 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, halogen, CF 3 and CHF 2, or is pyrimidinyl which is optionally substituted by 1 or 2 C 1 -C -alkoxy radicals is substituted;
• R ⁇ is C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy or halogen
• R ⁇ is C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, cyano, halogen, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 -alkenyl or phenyl which is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogen atoms;
• R ⁇ is d-Ce-alkyl.
• strobilurins are those known by the common names azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, methaminostrobin, oryssastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. More preferred are pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin and dimoxystrobin. Even more preferred are azoxystrobin and dimoxystrobin and especially dimoxystrobin.
• Morpholine fungicides are fungicidally active compounds that are a morpholine group
• Morpholine fungicides and methods for their preparation are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Company or in the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/, which is hereby incorporated by reference Full reference is made.
• Preferred morpholine fungicides are those known by the common names aldimorph, benzamorf, carbamorph, dimethomorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, fluoromorph and tridemorph. Of these, dimethomorph is particularly preferred.
• the growth regulators are preferably selected from
• R A is H or Ci-Cio-alkyl
• R B is d-Cio-alkyl or Cs-do-cycloalkyl
• R c and R D independently of one another are C 1 -C 10 -alkyl which is optionally substituted by at least one halogen atom, or C 3 -C 10 -cycloalkyl; or
• R c and R D together represent a bridging unit - (CH 2) n -,
• Z " is a counter anion selected from halide ions, sulfate ions, C 1 -C 10 -alkylsulfonate ions, borate ions, carbonate ions and mixtures thereof;
• Ci-Cio-Alkylsulfonationen stand for anions of the formula RS (O) 2 -O ", wherein R is d-Cio-alkyl, for example methyl sulfonate, ethyl sulfonate and the like.
• the borate anions are preferably those of the formula VI
• M is a cation of an agriculturally acceptable metal, a proton or ammonium;
• A is a chelating or complexing group associated with at least one boron atom or a cation M;
• x is a number from 0 to 10;
• y is a number from 1 to 48;
• z is a number from 0 to 48;
• v is a number from 0 to 24;
• m is a number from 1 to 6;
• w is a number from 0 to 24
• M is preferably a cation of a metal selected from sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese and copper, for a proton or for ammonium.
• A is preferably selected from hydroxycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, alcohols, glycols, aminoalcohols, sugars and the like.
• Suitable hydroxycarboxylic acids are e.g. Glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, other fruit acids and also hydroxyfatty acids such as ricinoleic acid.
• Suitable carboxylic acids are monocarboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid and other fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid and the like.
• Suitable alcohols are e.g. d-Cs-alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentyl alcohols such as pentanol and amyl alcohol, hexyl alcohols such as hexanol, heptyl alcohols such as heptanol and octyl alcohols such as octanol and 2-ethylhexanol.
• d-Cs-alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentyl alcohols such as pentanol and amyl alcohol, hexyl alcohols such as hexanol, hept
• Suitable glycols are e.g. C2-Cio-diols such as glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and the like.
• Suitable amino alcohols are e.g. Ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and the like.
• Suitable sugars are, for example, the pentoses and hexoses, such as fructose, glucose, mannose and the like, and also the double sugars, such as sucrose.
• x is preferably 0, especially if M does not have one of the abovementioned preferred meanings.
• y preferably represents a number from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 10, more preferably from 3 to 10, even more preferably from 3 to 7 and in particular from 3 to 5. Specifically, y is 5.
• z preferably represents a number from 6 to 10, particularly preferably from 6 to 8 and in particular 8.
• v is preferably 0.
• w is preferably from 2 to 10, more preferably from 2 to 8, and especially from 2 to 3.
• m is preferably 1 or 2 and in particular 1.
• borates of the formula (VI) in which y corresponds to a number from 3 to 7, in particular from 3 to 5; z is a number from 6 to 10, in particular 6 to 8, corresponds; v is zero; and w is a number from 2 to 10, especially from 2 to 8.
• the charge balance if necessary, is carried out in the borates via the cation M.
• the borates may contain water, e.g. B. as water of crystallization in free or coordinated form or as bound water in the form of boron-bound hydroxy xy phenomenon.
• Suitable and preferred borates and processes for their preparation are known per se and described, for example, in WO 02/083732 and in the literature cited therein, to which reference is hereby fully made. Further suitable borates are described, for example, in WO 99/09832, to which reference is hereby fully made.
• the compounds of the formula (IV) can be present both in the trion form (triketo form) IV.a and in the tautomeric keto-enol forms IV.b or IV.c:
• R A is preferably H or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
• R B is preferably CrC 4 -AlkVl or Cs-C ⁇ -cycloalkyl and in particular ethyl or cyclopropyl.
• the monoanions can be present both as carboxylate anions IV. D and as enolate anions IV. E or IV.f:
• Preferred cations in the salts of the compounds of formula IV are the ions of the alkali metals, preferably of lithium, sodium and potassium, the alkaline earth metals, preferably of calcium and magnesium, and the transition metals, preferably of manganese, copper, zinc and iron, furthermore ammonium ( NH 4 + ) and substituted ammonium, in which one to four hydrogen atoms are represented by C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, preferably ammonium, methylammonium, isopropylammonium, dimethylammonium, diisopropylammonium, trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium,
• Preferred cations are also chlormequat [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium], mepiquat (N, N-dimethylpiperidinium) and N, N-dimethylmorpholinium.
• Particularly preferred cations are the alkali metal cations, the alkaline earth metal cations and the ammonium cation (NH 4 + ). In particular, it is the calcium salt.
• one of the radicals R c or R D is preferably C 1 -C 10 -alkyl and the other radical is C 1 -C 10 -alkyl which is substituted by a halogen atom, preferably by a chlorine atom.
• R c is particularly preferably methyl and R D is 2-chloroethyl.
• R c and R D together form a bridging unit - (CH 2) s-.
• the anions Z in compounds V are selected from halide ions, sulfate ions and carbonate ions.
• the anions Z in compounds V are selected from halide ions, especially chloride, borates, especially pentaborate, and mixtures thereof.
• Z - particularly preferably represents a halide anion and in particular chloride.
• the quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula (V) are the salt of chlormoquat (salt of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium), in particular chlormoquat chloride (2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride) or the salt of mepiquat (salt of 1, 1-dimethylpiperidinium ), in particular mepiquat chloride (1, 1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride).
• mixtures of the described growth regulators (IV), (V) and / or ethephon can be used.
• compounds (V) are used as growth regulators.
• Two or more of the above-mentioned fungicides selected from the same class or different classes of fungicides may also be used in combination according to the invention.
• the combined use includes both the use of mixtures of different fungicides and their separate use, in which case the fungicides are used both simultaneously and successively, i. at a time interval of for example a few seconds to several months, can be used.
• the fungicides to be used according to the invention are preferably selected from aryl and / or heterocyclylamides, strobilurins and azoles.
• suitable and preferred representatives of these fungicide classes reference is made to the above statements.
• the combined use of at least two representatives of these fungicide classes Specifically, at least one aryl or heterocyclylamide is used in combination with at least one azole.
• At least one aryl and / or heterocyclylmide is used as the fungicide.
• suitable and preferred amides reference is made to the above statements.
• boscalid is used as the amide fungicide.
• at least one azole is used as a fungicide.
• suitable and preferred azoles reference is made to the above statements. Preference is given to using metconazole, prothioconazole or tebuconazole or their combination as azole fungicide. In particular, metconazole is used as the azole fungicide.
• At least one strobilurin is used as a fungicide.
• suitable and preferred strobilurins reference is made to the above statements.
• Azo-xystrobin or dimoxystrobin or their combination is preferably used as strobilurin fungicide.
• dimoxystrobin is used as the strobilurin fungicide.
• At least one aryl or heterocyclylamide fungicide is used in combination with at least one azole fungicide.
• Preferred amide fungicide is boscalid.
• Preferred azole fungicide is metconazole.
• At least one aryl or heterocyclylamide fungicide is used in combination with at least one strobilurin fungicide.
• Preferred amide fungicide is boscalid.
• Preferred strobilurin fungicide is dimoxystrobin.
• At least one aryl or heterocyclylamide as fungicide, especially boscalid, optionally in combination with at least one azole fungicide, especially with metconazole, or optionally in combination with at least one strobilurin fungicide, especially with dimoxystrobin, or More preferably, it uses at least one azole fungicide, especially metconazole.
• at least one aryl or heterocyclylamide is used as the fungicide, especially boscalid, in combination with at least one azole fungicide, especially with metconazole.
• the weight ratio of fungicide to growth regulator is preferably 15: 1000 to 1000: 15, more preferably 3:50 to 25: 7 and especially 6:50 to 15: 7.
• the use according to the invention generally takes place in such a way that the oil plants or plant parts thereof or the seed of the oil plants are treated with these compounds.
• the treatment of oil plants or seeds takes place preferably so that the oil plant or plant parts thereof or the seed is brought into contact with at least one of the fungicides used according to the invention and optionally with at least one growth regulator.
• at least one fungicide is applied to the plant or to plant parts thereof or to the seed. If several fungicides used according to the invention are combined, they can be applied in a mixture or separately.
• a single active substance can be applied several times, for example at a time interval of the individual applications of a few seconds or a few minutes to several weeks or even a few months, for example of up to 10 months.
• the optional treatment with at least one growth regulator ie the at least one fungicide and the at least one growth regulator can be administered in a mixture or separately and in the latter case simultaneously or sequentially.
• one active ingredient can be applied to the seed from which the plant is to grow and another or the same active ingredient to the plant or plant parts thereof at a developmental stage after emergence.
• oil plants or parts thereof to be treated are living plants or plant parts on living plants.
• the treatment is preferably carried out in the growth stage 1 to 6, more preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 3 to 6 and in particular 3 to 5 (according to BBCH macrostages, Federal Biological Research Center for Agriculture and Forestry; see www.bba.de/veroeff/bbch/bbch.htm).
• fungicides used according to the invention namely the at least one aryl or heterocyclylamide, especially boscalid, in combination with the at least one azole fungicide, especially with metconazole
• the plant or plant parts thereof with the at least one azole one or more times before flowering, preferably in the fall and / or spring, more preferably in the fall and in the spring, and to treat with the at least one aryl or Heterocyclylamid during flowering.
• Autumn and spring are relative terms, which depend on the earth's hemisphere and the respective vegetation zone and plant and refer in the context of the present invention to those stages of development of the plant in which it would be in Central Europe at these seasons.
• autumn is the season in which the oil plant is in the growth stage 01 to 39 and the spring before flowering the season in which the oil plant is in the growth stage 07 to 49 (according to extended BBCH scale; and forestry, see www.bba.de/veroeff/bbch/bbch.htm).
• the overlap of the growth phases depends on the weather in each year and on the individual plant species.
• the oil plant or plant parts thereof is treated with the at least one azole once or several times, preferably once or twice, when the plant is in the growth stage 01 to 29 and then again one or more times, preferably on or twice, when the plant is in the growth stage 30 to 39; Subsequently, the oil plant or plant parts thereof with the at least one aryl or heterocyclylamide one or more times, preferably once or twice, treated when the plant is in the growth stage 50 to 69.
• the active compounds can be used as such or in the form of their formulations or in the form of the application forms prepared by spraying, spraying, atomizing, dusting, scattering, pouring or pickling.
• the forms of application depend entirely on the intended use, v. a. according to the plant species and variety or the plant part and the stage of development of the plant to be applied to; In any case, they should ensure the finest possible distribution of the active ingredients used according to the invention and also of the auxiliaries.
• fungicides used according to the invention and the growth regulators optionally used are typically used as formulations, as are customary in the field of plant protection and storage protection.
• Typical formulations are, for example, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions, pastes, dusts, scattering agents, powders and granules.
• the formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by stretching the active ingredient with solvents and / or excipients, if desired using emulsifiers and dispersants.
• Suitable solvents / auxiliaries are essentially: water, aromatic solvents (eg Solvesso products, xylene), paraffins (eg petroleum fractions), alcohols (eg methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol), ketones (eg cyclohexanone, gamma Butyrolactone), pyrrolidones (NMP, NOP), acetates (glycol diacetate), glycols, dimethyl fatty acid amides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters.
• aromatic solvents eg Solvesso products, xylene
• paraffins eg petroleum fractions
• alcohols eg methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol
• ketones eg cyclohexanone, gamma Butyrolactone
• NMP pyrrolidones
• acetates glycols
• dimethyl fatty acid amides fatty acids and
• Carriers such as ground natural minerals (e.g., kaolins, clays, talc, chalk) and ground synthetic minerals (e.g., fumed silica, silicates).
• ground natural minerals e.g., kaolins, clays, talc, chalk
• ground synthetic minerals e.g., fumed silica, silicates
• Surfactants such as alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, e.g. Ligninsulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, and of fatty acids, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol or nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ethers
• siloxanes are, for example, polyether polymethylsiloxane copolymers, which are also referred to as “spreaders” or "penetrators”.
• Suitable inert formulation auxiliaries are essentially: mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, coal tar oils and oils of plant or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic Hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexanone and isophorone, strongly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone or water , Powders, dispersants and dusts may be prepared by mixing or co-grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.
• mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point such as kerosene or diesel oil, coal tar oils and oils of plant or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic
• Granules e.g. Coated, impregnated and homogeneous granules can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers.
• Solid carriers are e.g. Mineral earths, such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers, e.g. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
• Mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers, e.g. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable
• the formulations generally contain the fungicides used according to the invention in a total amount of from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.
• Products (formulations) for dilution in water are, for example, water-soluble concentrates (SL), dispersible concentrates (TLC), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EO), suspensions (SC, OD, SE), water-dispersible and water-soluble granules (WG , SG) as well as water-dispersible and water-soluble powders (WP, SP).
• Products (formulations) for direct application include dusts (DP), granules (GR, FG, GG, MG) and ULV solutions (UL).
• Aqueous application forms can be prepared from storage formulations, such as concentrated solutions, emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders (wettable powders, oil dispersions) or water-dispersible granules, by addition of water and applied, for example, by spraying.
• storage formulations such as concentrated solutions, emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders (wettable powders, oil dispersions) or water-dispersible granules, by addition of water and applied, for example, by spraying.
• the fungicides used according to the invention can be dissolved as such or in an oil or solvent and homogenized in water by means of wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers. But it can also be prepared from the active substance wetting, adhesion, dispersing or emulsifying and possibly solvent or oil concentrates, which are suitable for dilution with water. It goes without saying that the use forms contain the auxiliaries used in the storage formulations.
• the active substance concentrations in preparations diluted with water can be varied within larger ranges. In general, they are between 0.0001 and 10 wt .-%, preferably between 0.01 and 1 wt .-%.
• the active substances may be oils of various types, wetting agents, safeners, adjuvants, other fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, bactericides or even foliar fertilizers, which are e.g. Contain trace elements and / or oligo elements, if necessary, only immediately before use (tank mix) are added.
• These agents can also be applied separately to the fungicides used according to the invention, wherein the separate application can take place before, simultaneously with or after the application of the fungicides.
• These agents can be added to the fungicides used according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1: 200 to 200: 1, preferably 1: 100 to 100: 1.
• fungicides used according to the invention with further active ingredients customary in crop protection can be done either by using a mixture of these agents (e.g., a common formulation or a tank mix) as well as by the separate, simultaneous or successive application of the individual drugs.
• a mixture of these agents e.g., a common formulation or a tank mix
• fungicides used according to the invention are used in combination with at least one of the abovementioned agents, their use in combination with at least one different fungicide and / or at least one insecticide is particularly suitable.
• Acylalanines such as benalaxyl, metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl, amine derivatives such as aldimorph, dodine, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, fenpropidin, guazatine, iminoctadine, spiroxamine, tridemorph,
• Anilinopyrimidines such as pyrimethanil, mepanipyrim or cyprodinil,
• Antibiotics such as cycloheximide, griseofulvin, kasugamycin, natamycin, polyoxin or streptomycin, dithiocarbamates such as Ferbam, Nabam, Maneb, Mancozeb, Metam, Metiram, Propecine, Polycarbamate, Thiram, Ziram, Zineb,
• Heterocyclic compounds such as anilazine, cyazofamide, dazomet, dithianone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fuberidazole, isoprothiolane, nuarimol, probenazole, pro quinazide, pyrifenox, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, silthiofam, thiabendazole, tricyclazole, triforine,
• Copper fungicides such as Bordeaux broth, copper acetate, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, nitrophenyl derivatives such as binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton, nitrophthalic-isopropyl,
• Phenylpyrroles such as fenpiclonil or fludioxonil
• fungicides such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, carpropamide, chlorothalonil, cyfluhenamide, cymoxanil, diclomethine, diclocymet, diethofencarb, edifenphos, ethaboxam, fenhexamide, fentin acetate, fenoxanil, ferimzone, fluazinam, fosetyl, foseyl Aluminum, hexachlorobenzene, metrafenone, pencycuron, phthalide, tol-clofos-methyl, quintozene, zoxamide,
• the fungicides used according to the invention and the growth regulators optionally used are preferably applied to the oil plant or to parts thereof. It goes without saying that the treatment takes place on a living plant. Preference is given to applying to the aerial part of the plant.
• seed treatment is also suitable for some fungicides.
• fungicides used in the invention and the growth regulators optionally used in the form of an aqueous spray mixture.
• the application is preferably by spraying. It is applied either to the entire aboveground plant part or only to individual plant parts, such as flowers, fruits, leaves or individual shoots.
• the choice of the individual plant parts to be applied depends on the plant species and its stage of development. Preferably, it is applied to the entire above-ground plant part.
• the fungicides used according to the invention are preferably applied 1 to 5 times, more preferably 1 to 3 times and especially 1 or 2 times. If treated repeatedly, at least the second, third, etc. treatment is usually a field application. With regard to the preferred type and frequency of application in the preferred use of at least one aryl or heterocyclylamide in combination with at least one azole, reference is made to the above statements. In the case of seeds, the fungicides used according to the invention are used in a formulation customary for this application.
• all customary methods of seed treatment or seed dressing such as, for example, dry pickling, moist pickling, wet pickling, slurry pickling or encrusting, can be used to treat the seed.
• the seed is treated with the respective desired amount of seed dressing formulations either as such or after prior dilution with water in a suitable apparatus, for example a mixing device for solid or solid / liquid mixture partners up to even distribution of the agent on the seed mixes.
• a drying process follows.
• the fungicides used according to the invention are used in the field application in an amount of 5 to 3000 g single active ingredient per ha per season, preferably 10 to 1000, particularly preferably 50 to 500 g single active ingredient per ha per season.
• the fungicides used according to the invention are used in the case of seed application in an amount of 0.01 g to 500 g, preferably 0.5 g to 200 g of single active substance per kg of seed.
• the optionally used growth regulators are used in the field application in an amount of 10 to 1500 g single active ingredient per ha per season, preferably 25 to 650, more preferably 70 to 450 g single active ingredient per ha per season.
• the growth regulators optionally used are preferably applied 1 to 4 times, more preferably 1 to 3 times and especially 1 or 2 times.
• Another object of the present invention is a process for increasing the quality and optionally the quantity of oil plant products, comprising treating an oil plant or plant parts thereof or their seeds with at least one of the aforementioned fungicides, optionally in combination with at least one growth regulator, harvesting the Seeds of the oil plant at a time when their water content is not more than 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the seeds and the production of the oil plant products.
• oil plant products The increase in quality and, where appropriate, in the quantity of oil plant products is as defined above.
• oil crop products and fungicides and the amount and manner in which they are used, reference is made to the above.
• the treatment of the oil plant or of plant parts thereof during the growth phase is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 3 to 6 and in particular 3 to 5 (according to BBCH macrostages, Federal Biological Research Center for Agriculture and Forestry, see www.bba .com / publ / BBCH / bbch.htm).
• the treatment of the oil plant preferably takes place at least partly during the flowering phase, i. at least one fungicide is applied during the flowering phase and optionally the same or a different fungicide is used during a different growing season.
• fungicides to be used according to the invention it is preferred to use a fungicide during the flowering phase and to add the other fungicide (s) before the flowering phase, e.g. in the spring and / or in the autumn before.
• the other fungicide e.g. in the spring and / or in the autumn before.
• the amide fungicide (s) in the bloom phase and the azole fungicide (s) beforehand e.g. to be applied in spring and / or autumn.
• Harvesting occurs when the water content of the seeds is at most 15% by weight, e.g. 6 to 15% by weight, more preferably at most 14% by weight, e.g. 6 to 14% by weight, especially at most 12% by weight, e.g. 6 to 12% by weight, and especially at most 9% by weight, e.g. 6 to 9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the seeds, is.
• the optimal water content depends on the individual oil plant. For example, in the case of soybean and maize, it tends to be in the higher limit, e.g. at most 15% by weight, e.g. 10 to 15% by weight and especially at most 14% by weight, e.g.
• the water content can be determined by customary analysis methods, for example by determining the weight loss during drying under defined conditions (eg 100 ° C. over a defined period of time) or by determining the electrical conductivity under defined conditions (especially temperature), eg with a grain Moisture meter Pfeuffer HE Lite from Pfeuffer GmbH, Germany.
• the extraction of oil from the oil-supplying parts of the plant namely from the seeds, fruits and / or nuts of the oil plant, is carried out according to the methods customary for the respective plant or plant product, for example by pressing and / or extraction.
• the respective pre-treatment or post-treatment measures required for the individual plants or their plant products are sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art.
• press cake When recovering the oil in the pressing process falls as a residue of the so-called press cake. This can be used further, e.g. as feed or as fuel.
• the process according to the invention preferably leads to a lowering of the phosphorus content of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and / or the reaction products thereof, for example its C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention leads to a lowering of the alkali and / or alkaline earth metal content, in particular of the alkaline earth metal content and especially of the calcium and magnesium content of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and / or the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the method according to the invention results in a reduction of the acid content (measured as acid number) of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the method according to the invention leads to a reduction in the iodine value of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and / or the reaction products thereof, for example its C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention leads to an increase in the oxidation stability of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, for example its C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention leads to a reduction in the total contamination of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, for example its C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ester.
• the method according to the invention leads to a lowering of the kinematic viscosity of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention results in a lowering of the sulfur content of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the method according to the invention leads to an increase in the flashpoint of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, for example its C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ester.
• the method according to the invention leads to an increase in the calorific value of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention leads to a lowering of the coke residue of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention leads to an increase in the cetane number of the products of the treated plants, in particular the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the inventive method leads to a reduction of the nitrogen content of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and, if appropriate, the reaction products thereof, for example its C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention leads to a lowering of the chlorine content of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the method according to the invention leads to a lowering of the content of tin, zinc, silicon and / or boron of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil obtained from the oil plants and optionally the reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention particularly preferably leads to an improvement in the properties of the products of the treated plants, in particular of the oil plants, listed under (i) to (xi), more preferably (i) to (viii) and especially (i) to (vii) recovered oil and optionally the reaction products thereof, eg its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention particularly preferably leads to a lowering of the phosphorus content and / or the alkali and / or alkaline earth metal content and / or the acid content, in particular to a lowering of the phosphorus content and / or the acid content of the products of the treated plants, in particular of those obtained from the oil plants Oil and / or the reaction products thereof, eg its Ci-C4-alkyl ester.
• the process according to the invention particularly preferably serves for the production of oil plant products, in particular of vegetable oil and / or reaction products thereof, e.g. its Ci-C4-alkyl esters, with a reduced phosphorus content and / or alkali and / or alkaline earth metal content and / or acid content and in particular with a reduced phosphorus content and / or acid content.
• the acidity of the oil plant products, especially the oil and optionally the reaction products thereof can be determined, for example, according to DIN EN 14104 (as acid number).
• the oxidation stability can be measured according to DIN EN 14112.
• the determination of the phosphorus content can be carried out according to DIN EN 14107 and the alkali (especially Na and K) and alkaline earth metal content (calcium and magnesium) according to DIN EN 14538.
• the determination of the iodine number can be done according to EN 141 11.
• the total contamination can be measured according to EN 12662, for example.
• the kinematic viscosity can be determined according to EN ISO 3104, for example.
• the flash point may be in accordance with EN ISO 2719, the lower calorific value according to DIN 51900-1 and -3, the coke residue according to Conradson according to EN ISO 10370 and the cetane number according to DIN 51773.
• the sulfur content can be determined in accordance with EN ISO 20884 and that of the chlorine content in accordance with DIN 51577-3.
• Tin, zinc and silicon contents can be measured according to DIN 51396-1 and the boron content according to DIN 51443-2.
• the oil obtained from the fruits and / or seeds of oil plants treated according to the invention may be used in the food industry, e.g. as edible oil or for the production of margarine, in the cosmetics sector, e.g. as a carrier, as a lubricant or for energy, i. used as fuel or fuel. If used in the food industry, the resulting oil may need to be subjected to further refining steps to remove any unwanted flavors, odors, colors, inedible components, and the like.
• the oil is used as fuel or fuel.
• the oil according to the invention is characterized, inter alia, by a reduced acid content and / or an improved oxidation stability and / or a reduced phosphorus content and / or a reduced content of alkali metal and especially alkaline earth metal compounds and / or a reduced content of suspended particles and other interfering components in comparison to oils derived from untreated oil plants. Additionally or alternatively, the oil according to the invention is characterized by at least one property listed under (iv), (v) and (vii) to (xv), for example by a lower iodine number, lower kinematic viscosity and / or lower total contamination etc. (in comparison to oils obtained from plants not treated according to the invention).
• the reaction products of the oil are preferably its transesterification products with C 1 -C 4 -alcohols, ie the C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters of the fatty acids on which the oils are based.
• Particular preference is given to the transesterification products of the oil with methanol or ethanol and in particular with methanol, ie, the methyl or ethyl esters and especially the methyl esters of the fatty acids underlying the oils.
• the C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters are obtainable by transesterifying the vegetable oil with a C 1 -C 4 -alcohol, usually in the presence of a catalyst (generally a base).
• the fatty acid triglycerides of the oil are converted into the C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters of the corresponding fatty acids. These esters are referred to in the context of the present invention as Ci-C4-alkyl ester of vegetable oil.
• reaction products of the oil and in particular its transesterification products with C 1 -C 4 -alcohols, are primarily for use for energy production, i. as fuel or fuel.
• reaction products of the oil and especially the Ci-C4-alkyl esters of the oil are characterized by the properties mentioned in the oil.
• the oil crop products among seeds, vegetable oils and their reaction products, e.g. the transesterification products with Ci-C4-alcohols, selected.
• the oil plant products are among oils and their reaction products, e.g. the transesterification products with Ci-C4-alcohols, selected.
• the development of the plants is made more homogeneous.
• the flowering takes place within the individual plant stages (ie, the areas within a plant (one and the same plant) which are at different heights) at the same time, ie, in a much narrower time interval, as does the pod development and, in particular, the maturation of the plants fruits / seeds.

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