EP2166178B1 - Hollow or laminated wall - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a hollow or multi-layer wall element, preferably for the production of hollow wall elements or multi-layer wall elements.

From the DE 298 03 561 U1 a hollow or multi-layer wall element according to the introductory part of claim 1 is known. Between the wall elements, a spacer is provided.

Such spacers are well known in the art and are also referred to as anchors. They usually consist of a substantially U-shaped metal rod which extends between two spaced-apart wall elements of a hollow wall element or multi-layer wall element. In hollow wall elements, the wall elements are spaced from each other. In multi-layer wall elements, there is an insulating layer between the wall elements. Such multi-layer wall elements are also referred to as sandwich wall. In addition, there are also mixed forms, in which a hollow wall element also has insulation between the wall elements. The wall elements are usually made of concrete. The hollow wall element is produced in a known manner. First, a formwork is placed on a formwork support, then possibly inserted the reinforcing bars of steel or the like and then filled the formwork with concrete. While the concrete is still fluid, the U-shaped spacer is inserted and positioned with one leg in the concrete. Preferably, a plurality of spacers are provided to thereby realize a stable bond between the wall elements. After curing, the formwork is removed, so that a finished wall element is formed, from which the spacer, preferably a plurality of spacers, at least partially protrude. Subsequently, a second formwork is placed on a formwork support. Reinforcement mats, reinforcing bars and the like can also be introduced into this formwork if necessary for reinforcing the wall element. Subsequently, the second mold is also filled with concrete. Even while the concrete is fluid, the already completed first wall element is raised and turned and positioned in such a way that it is located above and at a distance from the second wall element to be manufactured, with the other leg of the U-shaped spacer in the Concrete of the second wall element to be produced dips. This process is also known as objection. After hardening of the concrete, the second formwork can be removed. In this way, a hollow wall element was created, which consists of two spaced, substantially mutually parallel wall elements, which are connected via the spacers are. In the case of multi-layer wall elements, an insulating layer is applied after the production of the first wall element, which is pierced by the spacer.

The spacers can serve not only to position the wall elements at a distance, but also to raise the cavity wall element on the site. A lifting device, for. As a crane, can act on one or more of the spacers, so that the hollow wall element can be raised and brought to the desired location on the site. Once the hollow wall element has reached its end position to z. B. in combination with several other hollow wall elements to form a cavity wall, this can be known to be filled with in-situ concrete and / or insulating materials. The advantage of such hollow wall elements is their ease of use and the relatively low weight. In addition, the construction of walls on the construction site is simplified, since the hollow wall elements at the same time as formwork for the filling materials attached between the wall elements, such. In-situ concrete serve. In addition, these hollow wall elements allow a very cost-effective industrial prefabrication. This can significantly reduce the cost of building construction.

However, it has been shown during operation that the pull-out strength of the spacers is not always guaranteed. Damage to the wall elements are often insufficiently repaired at the site with adverse consequences for the strength of the wall element. It has also been found that the accuracy in the production of such hollow walls does not always meet the desired requirements. This also applies to multi-layer wall elements.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a hollow or multi-layer wall element with an improved spacer, so that on the one hand the strength of the hollow wall elements or multi-layer wall elements to be produced can be improved and on the other hand, the manufacturing accuracy can be increased.

This object is achieved by the claim 1. This solution is simple and has the advantage that by forming a support plane, the spacers can be used to more accurately position the wall elements to one another. When producing the first wall element z. B. the spacers are so far immersed in the liquid concrete until it touches the formwork support. After curing and applying the first wall element in the formwork of the second wall element, the exact distance of the first wall element to the second wall element can be determined based on the spacer. By virtue of the fact that a spacer now has at least three bars, it is also possible to significantly improve the pull-out strength compared to known spacers. For example, the Number required spacers for producing a hollow wall element thereby be reduced. In addition, forces can be better absorbed parallel to the wall elements by the novel spacer. This is particularly advantageous in the case of multi-layer wall elements in which a facade can be formed from the wall elements.

A particularly simple spacer can be achieved when the three bars are substantially straight.

It may be advantageous if the support planes are parallel to each other. Then the spacer can be used more universally. In particular, this allows the distance between two wall elements set exactly because the spacer can be used on both sides in liquid concrete until it meets the formwork underlay. As a result, an exact positioning of the two wall elements to each other can be realized with little effort.

In order to improve the strength of the spacer, a connection arrangement may be provided which connects the three bars together.

It can therefore be advantageous if the connecting device has a ring through which the rods extend. This makes it possible to realize a stable unit in a particularly simple manner. The ring may also have a different shape from the geometry of an exact ring, but should completely surround the bars.

It may be advantageous if the ring is arranged approximately centrally in the longitudinal direction of the rods on the rods. Through the ring can create a bottleneck, which allows in particular to position a crane hook approximately in the middle between the wall elements when the hollow wall elements to be raised. To increase the strength, the ring can be firmly connected to the rods.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rods can be made of stainless steel. Stainless steel has the advantage of not rusting. This makes it possible to press the spacer in liquid concrete down to the formwork underlay. Although the spacer is then visible on the finished wall element, on the other hand there is no risk of rusting compared to conventional spacers.

In order to increase the strength, it may also be advantageous if the ring comprises metal, preferably consists thereof.

In an alternative embodiment, the rods and / or the ring made of plastic, preferably glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) exist. Also conceivable are carbon fiber materials. The advantage of a plastic spacer is that it can also be pushed so far into the liquid concrete until it touches the formwork with the support sections. Although the spacer is then visible on the finished hollow or multi-layer wall element from the outside, on the other hand caused by the use of plastic no cold bridges. In addition, there is no risk of rust.

In a second embodiment of the invention according to claim 8, the spacer on four rods. As a result, the strength of the spacer can be further increased.

In such an embodiment, the connecting means extends between the bars. Unlike the embodiment with a connecting element embracing the bars, here the connecting element can be placed between the bars, thereby spacing the bars as far as possible from one another.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the connecting device is offset in the longitudinal direction of the rods to the middle of the rod, but be arranged between the end portions of the rods. In this way it is possible to move the connecting device into one of the wall elements, so that the connecting device is not or only partially visible on the finished hollow or multi-layer wall element. As a result, the pull-out strength of the spacers from a wall element can be increased in a targeted manner.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the distance between the end sections which are closer to the connection device can be smaller than the distance between the end sections which are further away from the connection device. In particular, in hollow wall elements whose wall elements have different thicknesses, such an embodiment may prove advantageous. Especially in multi-layer wall elements in which the thick wall element takes over the support function and the thin wall element serves as a facade.

Furthermore, it may prove to be advantageous if the rods are arranged substantially on a truncated pyramid mantle. It is advantageously possible to make the spacers symmetrical, as a result of which the force profile can be introduced symmetrically into the spacer, so that the strength of the hollow or multilayer wall elements can be increased. In an alternative embodiment, a geometric embodiment can be realized, the two aligned pyramids or

Tetrahedron corresponds, the tip of which are arranged substantially in the region of the connecting device. In such embodiments, it may be beneficial to produce such geometric arrangements if the bars are all the same length.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the spacer can be made in one piece with rods and connecting device, preferably by injection molding.

Furthermore, it may prove advantageous if the bars have holding profiles or whose surface is profiled. This also increases the pull-out strength.

It may prove advantageous if the rods are sharpened or beveled at the end portions. This can improve the positioning accuracy.

For lifting the hollow or multi-layer wall elements, the connecting device can be arranged between the wall elements.

It may also be advantageous if the connecting device is arranged at least in sections in one of the wall elements. It may also prove to be advantageous if at least one support plane is arranged in a plane of an outer wall of a wall element.

Furthermore, a method is provided for the production of a hollow or multilayer wall element according to claim 13.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalters in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 2

zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalters in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 3

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Hohlwandelementes mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalter der ersten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 4

zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Hohlwandelementes mit einem Abstandhalter der zweiten Ausführungsform;

Fig.5

zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Mehrschichtwandelementes mit einem Abstandhalter der ersten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 6

zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Mehrschichtwandelementes mit einem Abstandhalter gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 7 bis 9

zeigen die Abfolge beim Herstellen eines Hohlwandelementes in einer schematischen Schnittansicht.

The invention is specified in claims 1 to 13 and is explained in more detail below with reference to the following figures:

Fig. 1

shows a first embodiment of a spacer according to the invention in a perspective view;

Fig. 2

shows a second embodiment of a spacer according to the invention in a perspective view;

Fig. 3

shows a schematic representation of a hollow wall element with a spacer according to the invention of the first embodiment;

Fig. 4

shows a schematic sectional view of a hollow wall element with a spacer of the second embodiment;

Figure 5

shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a multi-layer wall element with a spacer of the first embodiment;

Fig. 6

shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a multi-layer wall element with a spacer according to the second embodiment;

Fig. 7 to 9

show the sequence when producing a hollow wall element in a schematic sectional view.

Fig. 1 shows a spacer 1 according to the invention, which has three bars 2. The rods extend through a connecting device 3 embodied as a ring. The rods 2 are arranged relative to one another such that all three rods touch each other in the region of the connecting device 3. The connecting device 3 is fixedly connected to the rods 2. Each rod has two end portions 4 at opposite ends forming support portions 5. The end sections 4 are each slightly conically converging, that is sharpened, with circular-face-shaped end faces 6. The bars each have a spirally running profiling 7.

As based on Fig. 1 becomes clear, the connecting device 3 is arranged substantially centrally in the longitudinal direction of one of the rods. In Fig. 5 an embodiment is shown in which the connecting means is offset to an end portion of a rod. As a result, the distance from the end section of the bars 2 to the ring or the connecting device 3 is different in each case. All rods are essentially the same length and each two of the rods include an acute angle α of about 10-30 ° to each other. As a result, the support portions 5 of the bars are each spaced from each other, so that support levels 8 form. The support elements 8 are shown in dashed lines. In the presentation in the Fig. 1 resulting from three support sections 5 on each side of the connecting device 3, the support levels. These support levels are arranged parallel to each other. Substantially three support sections together with the area where the three bars touch, substantially within a tetrahedron, wherein due to the arrangement of the bars on both sides of the connecting means, the rods are arranged within two tetrahedra whose tips face each other. In other words, the spacer 1 forms on each side of the connecting device in each case a tripod, wherein the support portions 5 are provided to stand up on a shuttering pad 9.

As materials for the spacer 1 are stainless steels, z. B. stainless steel. Particularly preferred are rods made of plastic, preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Alternatively, carbon fiber reinforcements are conceivable. In particular, plastics are suitable which can be processed by means of an injection molding process. The annular connecting device 3 may be made of any metal. Preferably, however, the same materials as for the rods 2 can be used.

The Fig. 3 shows a spacer according to the invention in the installed state. For this purpose, a hollow wall element 10 is shown schematically in a sectional view, wherein the spacer is also shown schematically. The not visible in the sectional view part is shown in dashed lines. The hollow wall element 10 consists of two wall elements 11, which are spaced apart and between which a cavity is arranged. In this cavity is z. B. attached to one of the wall elements insulation. While the wall elements 11 are preferably made of concrete, the insulation z. B. from Styrofoam, foam or glass wool and the like. Exist.

The spacer 1 is fixedly connected to the wall elements 11, in particular it is cast.

The production of such a hollow wall element 10 is exemplified by the FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 explained.

First, there is a formwork 13 on the formwork support 9, which is designed substantially frame-shaped with an internal dimension of about 2.5, x 2.5 m. In this formwork 13 first - as far as necessary - reinforcing mats and reinforcing bars inserted in a known manner crossing each other. Subsequently, the formwork 13 is filled with concrete, as it is in Fig. 7 is shown. In the still liquid concrete, the spacer 1 is adjusted, wherein it rests with its support portions 5 on the formwork support 9. As a result, the spacer 1 stands upright on the formwork support 9, wherein the corresponding support plane substantially coincides with the outside of the wall element after its completion.

After curing of the concrete, the formwork 13 is removed. Next, a second wall element 11 is prepared, in which on the shuttering pad 9, a further formwork 13, or the same formwork 13, is placed. Reinforcing bars or reinforcing mats are inserted in the usual manner - as far as necessary. Next, the concrete is added. Now, the first wall element is turned into the second wall element, as in Fig. 8 is shown raised on the spacers and transferred to a suction reverser, not shown, which holds the wall element on the short side. Subsequently, the first wall element 11 is rotated and the protruding spacer 1 is pressed with the remaining support sections in the concrete so that it comes into contact with the shuttering pad 9. Then the configuration is like in Fig. 8 given. After curing, the formwork 13 is removed, so that a hollow wall element according to Fig. 9 is present.

In principle, a plurality of spacers are provided, so that a solid bond between the opposing wall elements 11 is formed. At the construction site for finishing a building, the hollow wall element can now be positioned at the desired location. Subsequently, the cavity is filled with concrete or the like.

By using the spacer according to the invention, on the one hand, a high pull-out strength is ensured since it is not possible to pull out the spacer 1 due to the bars 2 arranged at an angle to one another. Due to the large immersion depth, a solid bond is achieved. At the same time, it is possible to press the spacer into the still liquid concrete of the second wall element, especially when invoking, wherein the reinforcing mats, reinforcing bars can be slightly displaced. In addition, the spacer is designed so that it positions the two wall elements exactly to each other after the objection, wherein the support surfaces are located substantially in the plane of the outer surfaces 14 of the wall elements. If one uses a plurality of spaced apart spacers 1, this simultaneously ensures a large parallelism of the wall elements 11 to each other.

In the embodiment in Fig. 3 the connecting device is substantially visible between the wall elements. This makes it readily possible to attach a hook there to lift the hollow wall element can. The spacer 1 is in Fig. 3 thinnest in the region of the connecting device 3.

In Fig. 5 an alternative embodiment is described, in which the connecting device is arranged offset to one side of the spacer 1. This makes it possible that the connecting device disappears completely in the concrete of one of the wall elements. In the embodiment in Fig. 5 one of the wall elements has a greater thickness than the other wall element. The cavity between the wall elements 11 is filled with insulating material. Such hollow wall elements are referred to as so-called multi-layer or sandwich wall. For the preparation of an insulating material is applied to the first wall element. The spacer is pushed through the insulating material and pressed into the liquid concrete. Subsequently, the second wall element is poured. There is no objection. The thick wall element serves as a wall and the thin wall element as a facade.

Next, a second embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail, wherein like components are provided with the same reference numerals. Only the differences between the first and the second embodiment will be discussed.

The spacer 1 of the second embodiment has four bars 2. In principle, it is also conceivable to carry out such a spacer with three bars or with a plurality of bars. Unlike in the first embodiment, the connecting device 3 is arranged between the bars. The connecting device 3 is designed substantially cross-shaped and connects the rods 2 together. Also, the connecting device 3 is clearly offset to one side of the rods, so that the distance from the end portion to the connecting device on one side of a rod is greater than on the other side.

The arrangement of the rods takes place in the manner of a truncated pyramid. That is, the end portions on one side of the rods are closer together than on the other side. In particular, the end sections or the support sections 5 are closer to one another on the side of the connection device, which are arranged closer to the connection device than on the side of the rods further away from the connection device 3.

Furthermore, the rods are not round, but formed with a rectangular or square cross-section. In the area of the end sections they are bevelled. Furthermore, they have jagged profiles 7 on the outside.

The rods 2 and the connecting device 3 are formed substantially in one piece and are made in particular of plastic. As a suitable plastic glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be used.

The Fig. 4 shows a hollow wall element 10 and the Fig. 6 a multi-layer wall element (sandwich wall) with spacers according to the second embodiment. In case of presentation in Fig. 4 is the connecting device 3 between the wall elements 11 and in the case of Fig. 6 is the connecting device 3 within the thicker wall element.

Due to the fact that the bars 2 are all of the same length and, in addition, mutually opposite bars form an acute angle α of approximately 5-10 ° relative to one another, two mutually parallel support levels 8 result through the support sections 5.

The production of a hollow wall element 10 takes place in the same manner as in the FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 was realized in connection with the first embodiment. Also arise with the spacer according to the second embodiment, the same advantages, namely simple and cost-effective production of the spacer, high pull-out strength and accurate positioning. Also in the second embodiment, the support planes are each positioned substantially in the plane of the outer surface of the wall elements.

In principle, it is also conceivable that the support sections 5 are arranged within the wall elements 11, so that they are not visible from the outside. However, preference is given to the embodiments in which the support sections 5 each rise on the formwork support 9 during manufacture, in order to thereby position the wall elements exactly to one another.

Claims (13)

1. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) with at least two spaced wall panels (11), at least one comprises concrete, between which a distance piece (1) at least partially extends,
   wherein the distance piece (1) is characterized in:

   at least three rods (2), wherein each rod (2) comprises at least two supporting sections (5) which are formed by end sections (4) of the rod (2) that are located opposite to each other, the rods (2) being firmly connected to each other at a portion which is spaced apart from the end sections (4) of the rod (2), the supporting sections (5) of the rods (2) being spaced apart from each other to thus form two supporting planes (8) which are located opposite to each other, the rods (2) include an acute angle to each other and at least two, preferably three of the rods (2) contact each other.
2. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the three rods (2) of the distance piece (1) are essentially straight.
3. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supporting planes (8) of the distance piece (1) are in parallel to each other.
4. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to at least one of the aforementioned claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a connection means (3) is provided in the distance piece (1) which connects the rods (2) to each other and the connection means (3) comprises a ring through which the rods (2) extend, wherein the ring (3) is arranged at the rods (2) approximately centrically in the longitudinal direction of a rod (2) and the ring (3) of the distance piece (1) is firmly connected to the rods (2).
5. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to at least one of the aforementioned claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rods (2) of the distance piece (1) comprise metal, preferably high-grade steel, and preferably consist of the same, and the ring (3) of the distance piece (1) comprises metal, and preferably consists of the same, wherein the rods (2) and/or the ring (3) comprise plastics, preferably GFK .
6. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to at least one of the aforementioned claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the distance of the end sections (4) of the distance piece (1) to each other is smaller closer to the connection means (3) than the distance of the end sections (4) to each other which are at a further distance from the connection means (3).
7. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to at least one of the aforementioned claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rods (2) of the distance piece (1) essentially form the edges of a pyramid-shaped arrangement, wherein the rods (2) of the distance piece (1) comprise fixing profiles and the rods (2) of the distance piece (1) are sharpened or beveled at the end sections (4).
8. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance piece (1) comprises four rods (2) and the rods (2) being spaced apart from each other, and a connection means (3) is provided which extends approximately crosswise between the rods (2) and connects the rods (2) with each other, wherein the connection means (3) is displaced in a longitudinal direction of the rods (2) and is arranged between the end sections (4) of the rods (2).
9. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the supporting planes (8) are in parallel to each other.
10. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to at least one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the connection means (3) is formed in one piece with the rods (2).
11. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to at least one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the distance of the end sections (4) to each other is smaller closer to the connection means (3) than the distance of the end sections (4) to each other which are at a further distance from the connection means (3).
12. Hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the connection means (3) is arranged in one of the wall panels (11) at least in sections, wherein at least one supporting plane (8) is arranged in a plane of an outer surface of a wall panel (11).
13. Method for producing a hollow or laminated wall panel (10) according to claims 8 to 11, which comprises at least two spaced wall panels (11), in which at least one distance piece (1) is placed against a formwork support (9) on which the wall panel (11) to be manufactured is located, during the manufacture of at least one of the wall panels (11).

Images