Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
  • C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
  • G02F1/1503—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect caused by oxidation-reduction reactions in organic liquid solutions, e.g. viologen solutions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
  • G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
  • G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
  • G02F1/15165—Polymers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
  • G02F2001/1502—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect complementary cell
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
  • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
  • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
  • Y10T156/1039—Surface deformation only of sandwich or lamina [e.g., embossed panels]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]

Definitions

• SEMI-ELECTROACTIVE MATERIAL COMPRISING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE REDOX ACTIVITY, METHOD AND KIT FOR PRODUCING SAID MATERIAL, ELECTROCOMMANDABLE DEVICE AND GLAZING USING SUCH SEMI-ELECTROACTIVE MATERIAL
• the present invention relates to an electroactive material also said semi-electroactive device for electrically controllable said variable optical properties and / or energy, said semi-electroactive material containing organic compounds with positive or negative redox activity, on a method and a kit of manufacture of this material, on an electrically controllable device comprising a self-supporting layer of polymer with complementary redox activity, namely respectively negative or positive and on glazings using such a semi-electroactive material.
• the electroactive material (or system) of the invention is sometimes referred to interchangeably as a semi-electroactive material (or system), evoking the fact that this material (or system) is capable of forming an electrochemical half-cell.
• Such a device can be defined generally as comprising the following stack of layers: a first substrate with a glass function;
• a second electronically conducting layer with an associated current supply A second electronically conducting layer with an associated current supply
• Electroactive systems with known layers comprise two separate layers of electroactive material by an electrolyte, the electroactive material of at least one of the two layers being electrochromic.
• the two electroactive materials are electrochromic materials, these may be identical or different.
• one of the electroactive materials is electrochromic and the other is not, it will act as a counterelectrode not participating in the process of coloring and discoloration of the system. Under the action of an electric current, the ionic charges of the electrolyte insert into one of the layers of electrochromic material and disinhibit the other layer of electrochromic material or counterelectrode to obtain a contrast of color.
• PEDOT poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
• PEDOT poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
• Such electroactive systems are not always satisfactory, in particular require a relatively high voltage (greater than 2V) to obtain an acceptable color contrast for the commercial operation of the electrically controllable device.
• the electroactive systems with known electroactive organic compounds comprise an active medium composed of a solvent in which at least two organic electroactive compounds are solubilized, one being an electrochromic material and the other being a counter-electrode material which can also be electrochromic.
• a polymer can be used as a thickener.
• Such systems work by reaction oxidation and reduction of electroactive compounds. Salt can also be added to facilitate charge transport and oxidation-reduction reactions.
• the applicant company has sought a solution to these problems, and has discovered on this occasion a new structure of polymer / organic hybrid electroactive system that allows coloring at a low voltage (less than 2V). Such a decrease in the coloration potential has the effect of increasing the durability of the electrically controllable device, the electroactive medium and the electronically conductive layers of this device being less electrochemically stressed.
• one of the electroactive compounds is in the form of a polymer layer, the segregation phenomena are avoided.
• an electrochemically active, inorganic or polymeric layer which is negative, that is to say which can be reduced and / or accept electrons and cations acting as compensation charges, such as an oxide layer; of tungsten, polyviologen or polythiophene such as PEDOT, or positive, ie which can oxidize and / or eject electrons and cations acting as compensation charges, such as nickel oxide layer or polyaniline; and an electrolyte containing at least one redox active material which may be a positive redox active material such as a metallocene, or a negative redox active material such as a viologen, depending on whether the electrochemically active polymer layer is negative or positive.
• US 6 178 034 B1 also discloses systems of the aforementioned type comprising an electrochromic polymer layer and an electrochromic non-polymer organic compound electrolytic layer. Lists of these polymers and compounds are presented herein but without description of any need to associate complementary staining components.
• the subject of the present invention is therefore a semi-electroactive material of electrically controllable device with variable optical / energy properties, characterized in that it comprises a self-supporting polymer matrix in which is inserted an electroactive system comprising or consisting of:
• At least one electroactive organic compound capable of oxidizing and / or ejecting electrons and cations acting as compensation charges; or at least one electroactive organic compound capable of being reduced and / or of accepting electrons and cations acting as compensation charges;
• ions acting as compensation charges are meant ions Li + , H + , etc., which can be inserted into or disinsert in the electroactive compounds at the same time as the electrons.
• An electroactive organic compound capable of oxidizing and / or ejecting electrons and cations acting as compensation charges means a compound with a positive redox activity, which may be an anodic electrochrome or a non-electrochromic compound. , playing then only the role of reservoir ionic charges or against electrode.
• An electroactive organic compound capable of being reduced and / or of accepting electrons and cations acting as compensation charges means a compound with negative redox activity, which may be a cathodic electrochromic or a non-electrochromic compound, then playing only the role of reservoir ionic charges or against electrode.
• the ionic charges may be borne by the electroactive organic compound (s) and / or by at least one ionic salt and / or at least one solubilized acid in said liquid and / or said self-supporting polymer matrix.
• the solubilizing liquid may consist of a solvent or a mixture of solvents and / or at least one ionic liquid or molten salt at ambient temperature, the said ionic liquid or molten salt, or the said ionic liquids or molten salts then constituting a solubilization liquid.
• the electroactive organic compound (s) capable of being reduced and / or of accepting electrons and cations acting as compensation charges may be chosen from bipyridiniums or viologenes such as 1,1'-diethyl-4-diperchlorate, 4 '- bipyridinium, pyraziniums, pyrimidiniums, quinoxaliniums, pyryliums, pyridiniums, tetrazoliums, verdazyls, quinones, quinodimethanes, tricyanovinylbenzenes, tetracyanoethylene, polysulfides and disulfides, and all polymeric derivatives electroactive compounds of the electroactive compounds which have just been mentioned.
• bipyridiniums or viologenes such as 1,1'-diethyl-4-diperchlorate, 4 '- bipyridinium, pyraziniums, pyrimidiniums, quinoxaliniums, pyryliums,
• the one or more electroactive organic compounds capable of oxidizing and / or ejecting electrons and cations acting as compensation charges can be chosen from metallocenes, such as cobaltocenes, ferrocenes, N, N, N N, N'-tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD), phenothiazines such as phenothiazine, dihydrophenazines such as 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, reduced methylphenothiazone (MPT), methylene violet bernthsen (MVB), Verdazyls, as well as all derivatives electroactive polymers of the electroactive compounds which have just been mentioned.
• metallocenes such as cobaltocenes, ferrocenes, N, N, N N N, N'-tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD)
• phenothiazines such as phenothiazine
• dihydrophenazines such
• the ionic salt (s) may be chosen from lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethanesulfonate or triflate salts, trifluoromethanesulfonylimide salts and ammonium salts.
• the acid (s) may be chosen from sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), triflic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and polyphosphoric acid (H n + 2 P n 0 3n + i).
• concentration of the ionic salt (s) and / or acid (s) in the solvent or solvent mixture is in particular less than or equal to 5 moles / liter, preferably less than or equal to 2 moles / liter, more or less more preferred, less than or equal to 1 mole / liter.
• the or each solvent may be chosen from those having a boiling point of at least 95 ° C., preferably at least 150 ° C.
• the solvent (s) may be chosen from dimethylsulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1-methyl-2).
• pyrrolidinone gamma-butyrolactone, ethylene glycols, alcohols, ketones, nitriles and water.
• the ionic liquid or liquids may be chosen from imidazolium salts, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (emim-BF 4 ), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (emim-CF 3 SO 3 ), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (emim-N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 or emim-TSFI) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulphonyl) imide (bmim-N ( CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 or bmim-TSFI).
• imidazolium salts such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (emim-BF 4 ), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulf
• the autosupported polymer matrix may consist of at least one polymer layer in which said liquid has penetrated to the core.
• the matrix polymer (s) and the liquid may be chosen so that the self-supporting active medium withstands a temperature corresponding to the temperature necessary for a subsequent lamination or calendering step, namely at a temperature of at least 80 ° C. in particular of at least 100 ° C.
• the polymer constituting at least one layer may be a homo- or copolymer in the form of a non-porous film capable of swelling in said liquid.
• the film has in particular a thickness of less than 1 mm, preferably of 10 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably of 50 to 120 ⁇ m.
• the polymer constituting at least one layer may also be a homo- or copolymer in the form of a porous film, said porous film optionally being capable of swelling in the liquid comprising ionic charges and whose porosity after swelling is chosen for allow the percolation of the ionic charges in the thickness of the film impregnated with liquid.
• Said film then has a thickness of less than 1 mm, preferably less than 800 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 50 to 120 ⁇ m.
• the polymer or the polymers of the polymer matrix are advantageously chosen so as to be able to withstand laminating and calendering conditions, possibly under heating.
• the polymeric material constituting at least one layer may be chosen from:
• the homo- or copolymers having no ionic charges in which case they are borne by the electroactive organic compound (s) and / or by at least one solubilized ionic or acidic salt and / or by at least one ionic liquid or salt; melted; homo or copolymers comprising ionic charges, in which case additional charges making it possible to increase the percolation rate may be carried by the electroactive organic compound (s) and / or by at least one solubilized ionic or acidic salt and / or by minus an ionic liquid or molten salt; and
• Mixtures of at least one homo- or copolymer not bearing ionic charges and at least one homo- or copolymer containing ionic charges, in which case additional charges making it possible to increase the percolation rate may be carried by the or the electroactive organic compounds and / or by at least one ionic salt or solubilized acid and / or by at least one ionic liquid or molten salt.
• the polymer matrix may consist of a film based on a homo- or copolymer comprising ionic charges, capable of giving itself a film essentially capable of ensuring the desired percolation rate for the electroactive system or a speed of percolation greater than this and a homo- or copolymer with or without ionic charges, able to give by itself a film that does not necessarily ensure the desired percolation rate but essentially able to ensure the holding mechanically, the contents of each of these two homo- or copolymers being adjusted so that both the desired percolation rate and the mechanical strength of the resulting self-supporting organic active medium are ensured.
• the polymer or polymers of the polymer matrix not comprising ionic charges may be chosen from copolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and optionally at least one other comonomer, such as the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA); polyurethane (PU); polyvinyl butyral (PVB); polyimides (PI); polyamides (PA); polystyrene
• EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
• PU polyurethane
• PVB polyvinyl butyral
• PI polyimides
• PA polyamides
• PS polyvinylidene fluoride
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• PEEK polyether ether ketones
• the polymers are chosen from the same family as they are prepared in the form of porous or non-porous films, the porosity being provided by the blowing agent used during the manufacture of the film.
• Preferred polymers in the case of the non-porous film include polyurethane (PU) or copolymers of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA).
• Preferred polymers in the case of the porous film include polyvinylidene fluoride.
• the polymer or polymers of the polymer matrix bearing ionic or polyelectrolyte charges may be chosen from sulphonated polymers which have been exchanged for H + ions of SO 3 H groups by the ions of the desired ionic charges, this ion exchange having taken place before and / or simultaneously with the swelling of the polyelectrolyte in the liquid having ionic charges.
• the sulphonated polymer may be chosen from sulphonated tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, sulphonated polystyrenes (PSS), sulphonated polystyrene copolymers, poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS), polyetheretherketones (PEEK ) sulphonated and sulphonated polyimides.
• PSS sulphonated polystyrenes
• PAMPS poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)
• PEEK polyetheretherketones
• the support may comprise from one to three layers.
• a stack of at least two layers may have been formed from electrolyte polymer layers and / or non-electrolytes before penetration to the heart of the liquid, then was inflated by said liquid.
• the two outer layers of the stack may be low-swelling layers to promote the mechanical strength of said material and the core layer is a high-swelling layer to promote the percolation rate of the ionic charges.
• the self-supporting polymer matrix may be nanostructured by the incorporation of nanoparticles of inorganic fillers or nanoparticles, in particular of SiO 2 nanoparticles, in particular by a few percent with respect to the mass of polymer in the support. This makes it possible to improve certain properties of said support such as the mechanical strength.
• the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a semi-electroactive material as defined above, characterized in that polymer granules are mixed with a solvent and, if it is desired to manufacture a porous polymer matrix, a pore-forming agent, pouring the resulting formulation on a support and after evaporation of the solvent, removing the pore-forming agent by washing in a suitable solvent for example if it was not removed during the evaporation of the above-mentioned solvent, the resulting self-supported film is removed, then the impregnation of said film is carried out by the solubilization liquid of the semi-electroactive system, and then, if necessary, draining is carried out.
• the immersion can then be carried out for a period of 2 minutes to 3 hours.
• Immersion can be carried out under heating, for example at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C.
• Immersion can also be performed with the application of ultrasound to aid in the penetration of the solubilizing liquid into the matrix.
• the present invention also relates to a kit for manufacturing the electroactive material as defined above, characterized in that it consists of:
• the present invention also relates to an electrically controllable device comprising the following stack of layers:
• a second electronically conducting layer with an associated current supply A second electronically conducting layer with an associated current supply
• the electroactive system consists of the following stack of layers: a semi-electroactive material as defined above; and
• Cations acting as compensation charges can also be inserted or disinserted in the electroactive polymers of the self-supporting layer.
• the substrates with a glass function are chosen in particular from glass (float glass, etc.) and transparent polymers, such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthoate (PEN) and cycloolefin copolymers (COC).
• PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)
• PC polycarbonate
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PEN polyethylene naphthoate
• COC cycloolefin copolymers
• the electronically conductive layers are in particular metal-type layers, such as layers of silver, gold, platinum and copper; or transparent conductive oxide (TCO) type layers, such as tin doped indium oxide (In 2 Os: Sn or ITO), antimony doped indium oxide (In 2 Os: S b ), tin oxide fluorine-doped (SnO 2 : F) and zinc oxide doped with aluminum (ZnO: Al); or TCO / metal / TCO multilayers, the TCO and the metal being in particular chosen from those enumerated above; or NiC r / metal / NiC r multilayers, the metal being in particular chosen from those enumerated above.
• TCO transparent conductive oxide
• the electroconductive materials are generally transparent oxides whose electronic conduction has been amplified by doping such as In 2 Os: Sn, In 2 Os: Sb, ZnO: Al or SnO 2 : F .
• Tin doped indium oxide In 2 O 3 : Sn or ITO
• one of the electroconductive materials may be metallic in nature.
• the polymer capable of being reduced and / or of accepting electrons and cations acting as compensation charges is chosen from among the polyviologenes is chosen in particular from polyviologenes, polymers containing units or groups bispyridinium, pyrylium, pyrazinium, or quinoxalium, polyarylenes and polyheteroarylenes such as polythiophenes such as for example poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly [3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno-3, 4-b) dioxepine] (ProD0T-Me 2 ), polyisothianophtene, polyisothianaphthene (PITN), polyimides, polyquinones and polydisulfides.
• polyviologenes polymers containing units or groups bispyridinium, pyrylium, pyrazinium, or quinoxalium
• polyarylenes and polyheteroarylenes such as poly
• the polymer capable of oxidizing and / or ejecting electrons and cations acting as charges of compensation is chosen in particular from polyarylamines, such as polyanilines, polyarylenes, such as polyphenylenes or polyfluorenes, polyheteroarylenes such as polypyrroles, for instance poly (N-sulfonatopropoxy-3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole) (PProDOP-NPrS) ), polylindoles, thiophene copolymers such as poly [octanoic acid 2-thiophen-3-yl ethyl ester] (POTE), poly [decanedioic acid bis- (2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl) ester] (PDATE), poly ⁇ 2- [3-thienylcarbonyl) oxy] ethyl-3-thiophene carboxylate ⁇ (PTOET), poly ⁇ 2,3-bis [3-thienylcarbonyl)
• a motor vehicle roof which can be activated autonomously, or a side window or a rear window for a motor vehicle or a rear-view mirror; - a windshield or a portion of the windshield of a motor vehicle, an airplane or a ship, an automobile roof;
• the electrically controllable device can operate in transmission or in reflection.
• the substrates may be transparent, flat or curved, clear or tinted in the mass, opaque or opacified, polygonal in shape or at least partially curved. At least one of the substrates may incorporate another feature, such as solar control, anti-reflective, or self-cleaning functionality.
• the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the electrically controllable device as defined above, characterized in that it assembles the various layers that compose it by calendering or laminating possibly under heating. In the case where the electrically controllable device is intended to constitute a glazing unit, the above method also comprises the mounting of the different layers in single or multiple glazing.
• PEDOT / PSS poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrene sulfonate sold under the name Baytron ® P by the Company "HC Stark”.
• PVDF Poly (vinylidene fluoride) In these examples, was carried out the deposition of wet formulations of PEDOT / PSS (Baytron ® P) following the CPC 105D recipe for "HC Stark” Company.
• the glass used in these examples is a glass provided with an electroconductive layer of SnC> 2: F, sold under the name "K-glass TM” by the company "Pilkington”.
• PVDF films used was poly powder (polyvinylidene fluoride) manufactured by my company "Arkema” under the name “Kynar ®” in 2501 or 2821.
• PVDF Vinyl ® 2501
• dibutyl phthalate 12 g
• acetone 12 g
• the formulation was stirred for two hours and cast on a glass plate. After evaporation of the solvent, the PVDF film was removed from the glass plate under a trickle of water.
• a semi-electroactive solution was prepared by mixing 0.23 g of ferrocene and 0.27 g of sodium perchlorate. lithium in 40 ml of propylene carbonate. The solution was stirred for 1 hour.
• the self-supported semi-electroactive medium was obtained by immersing the PVDF film about 80 microns thick in diethyl ether for 5 minutes and then in the semi- electroactive solution for 5 minutes.
• the PVDF film impregnated with semi-electroactive solution was then wiped between two absorbent papers before being deposited on a bare K-glass glass plate.
• a double-sided adhesive frame was used as a seal and the K-glass plate coated with PEDOT / PSS was deposited on the semi-electroactive film to terminate the electrochromic device.
• the electrochromic device thus manufactured has a light transmission of 42% in the decolorized state, at a voltage of 1.5V and 13.5% in the colored state at a voltage of -1.5V. After 1000 cycles of discoloration and coloration the performance of the electrochromic device remained unchanged.
• - SnO2 layer glass F coated with a layer of PEDOT / PSS; - semi-electroactive system: ferrocene + lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate + propylene carbonate
• An electrochromic device was made using a bare K-glass plate and a K-glass plate on which a layer of PEDOT / PSS had been deposited.
• PVDF Self-supporting film by mixing 3.5 g of PVDF (Kynar ® 2821), 6.5 g of dibutyl phthalate and 12 g of acetone. The formulation was stirred for two hours and cast on a glass plate. After evaporation of the solvent, the PVDF film was removed from the glass plate under a trickle of water.
• a semi-electroactive solution was prepared by mixing 0.23 g of ferrocene and 0.39 g of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate in 40 ml of propylene carbonate. The solution was stirred for 1 hour.
• the self-supported semi-electroactive medium was obtained by immersing the PVDF film about 80 microns thick in diethyl ether for 5 minutes and then in the semi- electroactive solution for 5 minutes.
• the PVDF film impregnated with semi-electroactive solution was then wiped between two absorbent papers before being deposited on a bare K-glass glass plate.
• a double-sided adhesive frame was used as a seal and the K-glass plate coated with PEDOT / PSS was deposited on the semi-electroactive film to terminate the electrochromic device.
• the electrochromic device thus manufactured has a light transmission of 45% in the decolorized state at a voltage of 1.5V and 15% in the colored state at a voltage of -1.5V. After 100 cycles of discoloration and coloration the performance of the electrochromic device remained unchanged.
• An electrochromic device was manufactured using two K-glass plates on each of which a PEDOT / PSS layer had been deposited (wet 180 micron deposit). Before assembly, the PEDOT / PSS layers were reduced in a solution of acetonitrile and lithium perchlorate at 1M.
• An electrolyte solution was prepared by solubilizing 0.27 g of lithium perchlorate in 40 ml of propylene carbonate. The solution was stirred for 1 hour.
• the self-supporting electrolyte was obtained by dipping for 5 minutes the PVDF film about 80 microns thick 5 minutes in diethyl ether and then 5 minutes in the electrolyte solution.
• the PVDF film impregnated with electrolyte solution was then wiped between two absorbent papers before being deposited on one of the two K-glass plates covered with PEDOT / PSS.
• a double-sided adhesive frame was used as a seal and the second K-glass plate covered with PEDOT / PSS was deposited on the self-supported electrolyte film to terminate the electrochromic device.
• the electrochromic device thus manufactured has a light transmission of 18% in the decolorized state under a voltage of OV and 10.5% in the colored state under a voltage of -2V.

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• 2007
  • 2007-06-25 FR FR0755987A patent/FR2917849B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-06-25 WO PCT/FR2008/051161 patent/WO2009007602A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-06-25 CN CN200880022162A patent/CN101689002A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-06-25 BR BRPI0813399 patent/BRPI0813399A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-06-25 US US12/666,334 patent/US20100172011A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-06-25 CA CA002692035A patent/CA2692035A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-06-25 EP EP08806090A patent/EP2162787A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-06-25 JP JP2010514064A patent/JP2010531379A/ja active Pending
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