EP2161417A1 - Procédé de lubrification d'extenseur de vis et système de contrôle de la lubrification - Google Patents

Procédé de lubrification d'extenseur de vis et système de contrôle de la lubrification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2161417A1
EP2161417A1 EP09166581A EP09166581A EP2161417A1 EP 2161417 A1 EP2161417 A1 EP 2161417A1 EP 09166581 A EP09166581 A EP 09166581A EP 09166581 A EP09166581 A EP 09166581A EP 2161417 A1 EP2161417 A1 EP 2161417A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
working fluid
mixture
expander
screw expander
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09166581A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gabor Ast
Michael Adam Bartlett
Thomas Johannes Frey
Herbert Kopecek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP2161417A1 publication Critical patent/EP2161417A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/005—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of liquid and steam or evaporation of a liquid by expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/04—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid being in different phases, e.g. foamed

Definitions

  • the embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to the field of a rankine cycle system and, more particularly, to a system and method for lubricating a screw expander in a rankine cycle system.
  • ORC organic rankine cycle
  • ORC uses a higher molecular mass organic fluid.
  • ORC allows heat recovery from low temperature sources such as industrial waste heat, geothermal heat, solar ponds, or the like. The low temperature heat is converted into useful work, that can itself be converted into electricity.
  • the working fluid is pumped to an evaporator where working fluid is evaporated, passes through a turbine and is finally recondensed.
  • screw expanders in ORC enable a low capital expenditure (CAPEX), competitive cost of electricity, and effective operation.
  • CELEX capital expenditure
  • screw expanders can be coupled directly to a generator, without an intermediate reduction gearbox. This not only saves cost but also reduces losses compared to turbines with gearboxes.
  • Non-synchronized screw expanders require oil to be injected into an inlet of the expander to lubricate the rotors and bearings of the screw expanders.
  • Conventional oil lubrication systems separate oil from the working fluid downstream from the expander. At the cycle point downstream from the expander, the working fluid is in a gaseous state and has a lower density. The oil is in liquid state.
  • demisters are used to separate the oil from the working fluid.
  • the demisters have a significant size to accommodate the lower density of the working fluid and to achieve lower pressure drops in the cycle.
  • the oil After the oil is separated from the working fluid, the oil has to be cooled and pressurized to a higher pressure for injection into the expander. An additional oil pump is needed for pressurizing the oil to a higher pressure and an oil cooler is required for cooling the oil.
  • Such systems are complex and have a large footprint.
  • the flow of lubricant is passively controlled via a nozzle or shim for enabling sufficient flow at all operating conditions. However such passive control leads to an excessive lubrication at operating conditions other than design-point operation causing reduction in cycle efficiency.
  • a method for lubricating a screw expander using a mixture of working fluid and lubricant in an organic rankine cycle system includes condensing the mixture of working fluid and lubricant fed from the screw expander, through a condenser. At least a portion of the mixture of working fluid and lubricant fed from the condenser is pressurized from a first pressure to a second pressure through a pump.
  • the method can also include separating the lubricant from the condensed working fluid of at least a portion of the mixture via a separator and feeding the lubricant to the screw expander; or separating the lubricant from the working fluid of at least a portion of the mixture via an evaporator and feeding the lubricant to the screw expander; or feeding at least a portion of the mixture of condensed working fluid and lubricant to the screw expander; or combinations thereof.
  • a method for lubricating a screw expander includes sensing one or more parameters related to the screw expander. The method also includes controlling the feed of the lubricant, at least a portion of the mixture of condensed working fluid and lubricant, or combinations thereof to the screw expander based on one or more parameters related to the screw expanders.
  • a control system for controlling lubrication of a screw expander includes a plurality of sensors configured for sensing one or more parameters related to the screw expander.
  • a separator is disposed between an evaporator and a fluid feed pump. The separator is configured to receive at least a portion of a mixture of condensed working fluid and lubricant fed from the fluid feed pump and to separate the lubricant from the working fluid.
  • a flow control device is disposed between the separator and the screw expander and configured to control the flow of the lubricant from the separator to the screw expander.
  • a controller is coupled to the plurality of sensors and the flow control device. The controller is configured to receive output signals indicative of one or more parameters related to the screw expander from the plurality of sensors and control the flow control device based on the sensor output signals.
  • a control system includes a plurality of sensors configured for sensing one or parameters related to a screw expander.
  • a flow control device is configured to receive a portion of a mixture of condensed working fluid and oil from a condenser and feed the portion of the mixture of working fluid and oil to the screw expander.
  • the flow control device is configured to control the flow of the portion of the mixture of working fluid and oil from the condenser to the screw expander.
  • a controller is coupled to the plurality of sensors and the flow control device. The controller is configured to receive output signals indicative of one or more parameters related to the screw expander from the plurality of sensors and control the flow control device based on the output signals.
  • various embodiments of the present invention provide a method for lubricating an expansion machine, for example, a screw expander using a mixture of working fluid and lubricant in an organic rankine cycle system.
  • the method includes condensing the mixture of working fluid and lubricant fed from the screw expander through a condenser.
  • the mixture of working fluid and lubricant fed from the condenser is pressurized from a first pressure to a second pressure through a pump.
  • the lubricant is separated from the condensed working fluid and fed to the screw expander.
  • a portion of the mixture of the condensed working fluid and lubricant is fed to the expander.
  • the feeding of the separated lubricant or the portion of the mixture of condensed working fluid and lubricant to the screw expander is controlled based on one or more parameters related to the screw expanders.
  • a control system for controlling lubrication of a screw expander in an organic rankine cycle system is disclosed.
  • the lubrication system does not include complex oil separation and feed systems.
  • the lubrication system includes lesser number of components, resulting in a reduction in the overall system footprint.
  • an exemplary expansion system 10 is illustrated.
  • the expansion system is a waste heat recovery system.
  • the illustrated waste heat recovery system 10 includes an organic rankine cycle system 12.
  • An organic working fluid is circulated through the organic rankine cycle system 12.
  • the organic working fluid may include cyclohexane, cyclopentane, thiophene, ketones, aromatics, or combinations thereof.
  • the organic working fluid may include propane, butane, pentafluoro-propane, pentafluoro-butane, pentafluoro-polyether, other refrigerants, or combinations thereof.
  • the organic working fluid includes a binary fluid.
  • the binary fluid may include cyclohexane-propane, cyclohexane-butane, cyclopentane-butane, or cyclopentane-pentafluoropropane, for example.
  • the organic working fluid circulated through organic rankine cycle system 12 includes a mixture of working fluid or fluids and a lubricant i.e. lubrication oil (that is, it comprises a two-phase mixture).
  • the organic rankine cycle system 12 includes an evaporator 14 coupled to a heat source (not shown), for example an exhaust unit of a heat source (for example, an engine).
  • a heat source for example an exhaust unit of a heat source (for example, an engine).
  • the evaporator 14 receives heat from the heat source and generates an organic working fluid vapor.
  • the heat source may include a top cycle of a cascading rankine cycle system.
  • the organic working fluid vapor is passed through an expander 16 to drive a generator unit (not shown).
  • the expander 16 includes a screw-type expander.
  • lubrication oil is used for lubricating one or more rotors 15 and bearings 17 of the expanders.
  • the mixture of vaporized organic working fluid and oil (at a relatively lower pressure and lower temperature) is passed through a condenser 18.
  • the mixture of vaporized organic working fluid and oil is condensed into a liquid, which liquid is then pumped via a fluid feed pump 20 to the evaporator 14.
  • the pump 20 is a variable speed pump.
  • the pump 20 receives the mixture of condensed organic working fluid and oil at a first pressure and pressurizes the mixture to a relatively higher second pressure. The cycle may then be repeated.
  • the illustrated waste heat recovery system facilitates effective heat removal from the heat source.
  • the waste heat is converted into electricity via the organic rankine cycle system.
  • an oil separator 22 is disposed between the pump 20 and the evaporator 14.
  • the oil separator 22 receives the mixture of condensed organic working fluid and oil and separates the oil from the working fluid.
  • the separated oil may be stored in an oil feed tank 24 temporarily. It should be noted herein that in the separated oil may not always be pure oil and can be an oil enriched fluid stream.
  • the stored oil is then fed from the oil feed tank 24 to the screw expander 16 via a flow control device such as a three-way valve 26 for lubricating the rotors 15, bearings 17, or combinations thereof.
  • the flow control device may include a two-way valve. The flow control device is configured to control the flow of lubricating oil from the oil feed tank 24 to the screw expander 16.
  • the system 10 also includes a control system 28 having a controller 30 and a plurality of sensors including but not limited to a first temperature sensor 32, speed sensor 34, inlet pressure sensor 36, outlet pressure sensor 38, a second temperature sensor 40, and a vibration sensor 42.
  • the first temperature sensor 32 is configured to detect the casing temperature of the expander 16.
  • the speed sensor 34 is configured to detect the speed of the expander 16.
  • the inlet pressure sensor 36 is coupled to an inlet 44 of the expander 16 and configured to detect an inlet pressure of the working fluid at the inlet 44 of the expander 16.
  • the outlet pressure sensor 38 is coupled to an outlet 46 of the expander 16 and configured to detect an outlet pressure of the working fluid at the outlet 46 of the expander 16.
  • the second temperature sensor 40 is configured to detect the temperature of the bearings 17.
  • the vibration sensor 42 is configured to detect vibration of the bearings 17. It should be noted herein that the number of sensors and location of sensors in the expander 16 may vary depending on the application.
  • the bearing temperature may also be detected indirectly based on the casing temperature.
  • the controller 30 is configured to receive output signals 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, and 58 from the sensors 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 respectively and control the valve 26 based on the output signals 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, and 58. In other words, the flow of lubricating oil to the expander 16 is controlled based on one or more sensed parameters of the expander 16.
  • the flow of lubricating oil is controlled based on variation of one or more sensed parameters of expander including but not limited to casing temperature, expander speed, inlet pressure, outlet pressure, bearing temperature, and bearing vibrations with respect to a predefined threshold limit.
  • the controller 30 increases the opening of the valve 26 so as to increase the supply of lubricating oil to the expander 16.
  • the controller 30 reduces the opening of the valve 26 so as to reduce the supply of lubricating oil to the expander 16. This active control ensures sufficient lubrication of the screw expander. As a result, efficiency of the cycle is enhanced.
  • the controller 30 may also be used to adjust the predefined threshold limits based on one or more parameters related to the organic rankine system.
  • the parameters may include but are not limited to the temperature of the working fluid at the exit of the expander, pressure of the working fluid at the exit of the expander, type of working fluid, type of expansion system, system efficiency, amount of heat extracted from the heat source, back flow temperature of the heat source, lubrication conditions, condensation temperature, or a combination thereof.
  • the existing fluid feed pump 20 itself of the rankine cycle is used to increase the pressure of the mixture of condensed working fluid and oil fed from the condenser 18. Thereafter, the oil is separated from the condensed working fluid via the separator 22.
  • an organic rankine cycle system 12 in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
  • the mixture of vaporized organic working fluid and oil at a relatively lower pressure and lower temperature is passed through the condenser 18.
  • the mixture of vaporized organic working fluid and oil is condensed into a liquid, which liquid is then pumped via the fluid feed pump 20 to the evaporator 14.
  • the pump 20 receives the mixture of condensed organic working fluid and oil at a first pressure and pressurizes the mixture to a relatively higher second pressure.
  • the oil separator 22 is disposed between the pump 20 and the evaporator 14.
  • the oil separator 22 receives the mixture of condensed organic working fluid and oil and separates the oil from the working fluid.
  • the separated oil or oil-enriched fluid stream may be stored in the oil feed tank 24 temporarily.
  • the stored oil is then fed from the oil feed tank 24 to the screw expander 16 via flow control device such as a lubrication pump 60 for lubricating the rotors 15, bearings 17, or combinations thereof.
  • the lubrication pump 60 is configured to control the flow of lubricating oil from the oil feed tank 24 to the screw expander 16.
  • the controller (illustrated in FIG. 1 ) may be configured to receive output signals from the sensors and control the lubrication pump 60 based on the sensor output signals.
  • the controller may increase the speed of the lubrication pump 60 so as to increase the supply of lubricating oil to the expander 16.
  • the controller reduces the speed of the lubrication pump 60 so as to reduce the supply of lubricating oil to the expander 16. If the pressure of the working fluid-oil mixture exiting from the fluid feed pump 20 is not sufficient due to higher pressure drops in the system 12, the provision of an additional lubrication pump 60 enables to increase the pressure of lubricating oil supplied to the expander 16.
  • the separator 22 may not be used.
  • the oil-fluid mixture from the fluid feed pump 20 is passed through the evaporator 14.
  • the working fluid is vaporized and the liquid oil is drained from the evaporator 14 to an optional oil cooler.
  • the lubrication pump 60 may be used to feed the oil from the oil cooler to the expander 16.
  • the lubricating oil is supplied only to the inlet 44 of the expander 16 for lubricating the rotors 15. In another embodiment, the lubricating oil is used only for lubricating the bearings 17.
  • the lubricating oil is used for lubricating both rotors 15 and bearings 17 of the expander 16. In certain embodiments, if the lubricating oil is used only for lubricating the bearings 17, the working fluid may be used for lubricating the rotors 15 and vice versa.
  • an organic rankine cycle system 12 in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
  • the mixture of vaporized organic working fluid and oil at a relatively lower pressure and lower temperature is passed through the condenser 18.
  • the mixture of vaporized organic working fluid and oil is condensed into a liquid, which is then pumped via the fluid feed pump 20 to the evaporator 14.
  • a portion of the mixture of condensed working fluid and oil from the condenser 18 is directed from a predefined location 62 between the condenser 18 and the fluid feed pump 20, to the expander 16 via the lubrication pump 60 for lubricating the rotors 15, bearings 17, or combinations thereof.
  • the lubrication pump 60 is configured to control the flow of the portion of working fluid-oil mixture from the location 62 to the screw expander 16.
  • the controller may be configured to receive output signals from the sensors and control the lubrication pump 60 based on the sensor output signals.
  • the oil separator (illustrated in FIG. 2 ) may be disposed at the location 62 between the condenser 18 and the fluid feed pump 20. The oil separator receives the mixture of condensed organic working fluid and oil and separates the oil from the working fluid. The separated oil may then be fed to the screw expander 16 via the lubrication pump 60 for lubricating the rotors 15, bearings 17, or combinations thereof.
  • an organic rankine cycle system 12 in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
  • a portion of the mixture of condensed working fluid and oil from the condenser 18 is directed from a location 62 between the condenser 18 and the fluid feed pump 20, to the expander 16 via the lubrication pump 60 and the three-way valve 26 for lubricating the rotors 15, bearings 17, or combinations thereof.
  • the lubrication pump 60 and the three-way valve 26 are configured to control the flow of the portion of the working fluid-oil mixture from the location 62 to the screw expander 16.
  • the controller 30 is coupled to both the valve 26 and the lubrication pump 60.
  • the controller 30 is configured to receive output signals 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, and 58 from the sensors 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 respectively and control the lubrication pump 60 and valve 26 based on the sensor output signals 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, and 58.
  • the valve 26 may be regulated for supplying the fluid-oil mixture to the inlet 44 of the expander 16 for lubricating only the rotors 15.
  • valve 26 may be regulated for directing the fluid-oil mixture to the expander 16 in such a way so as to use the fluid-oil mixture directly for lubricating the bearings 17.
  • both the rotors 15 and bearings 17 are lubricated using the fluid-oil mixture.
  • the controller 30 facilitates to control the flow of fluid-oil mixture to various locations of the expander 16.
  • an organic rankine cycle system 12 in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
  • a portion of the mixture of condensed working fluid and oil from the condenser 18 is directed from a location 62 between the condenser 18 and the fluid feed pump 20, to the expander 16 via the lubrication pump 60 and a first and second smaller flow control valves 64, 66 for lubricating the rotors 15, bearings 17, or combinations thereof.
  • the lubrication pump 60 and the flow control valves 64, 66 are configured to control the flow of the portion of the working fluid-oil mixture from the location 62 to the screw expander 16.
  • valve 64 is configured to control the flow of fluid-oil mixture to the inlet 44 of the expander for lubricating the rotors 15.
  • the other valve 66 is configured to control the flow of oil-fluid mixture to the expander 16 for lubricating the bearings.
  • the controller 30 is coupled to the valves 64, 66 and the lubrication pump 60.
  • the controller 30 is configured to receive output signals 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, and 58 from the sensors 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 respectively and control the lubrication pump 60 and valves 64, 66 based on the sensor output signals 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, and 58.
  • the controller 30 regulates the opening/closing of the valves 64, 66 for controlling the supply of the fluid-oil mixture to the expander 16 for lubricating only the rotors 15 and bearings.
  • the controller 30 facilitates to control the flow of fluid-oil mixture to various locations of the expander 16.
  • the oil or oil enriched fluid stream from the separator 22 is used for lubricating only the bearings 17 and portion of the mixture of working fluid and oil from the condenser 18 may be used for lubricating the rotors 15.
  • the oil from the separator 22 is used for lubricating only the rotors 15 and portion of the mixture of working fluid and oil from the condenser 18 may be used for lubricating the bearings 17. All such permutations and combinations of the above illustrated embodiments are envisaged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP09166581A 2008-08-07 2009-07-28 Procédé de lubrification d'extenseur de vis et système de contrôle de la lubrification Withdrawn EP2161417A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/187,426 US20100034684A1 (en) 2008-08-07 2008-08-07 Method for lubricating screw expanders and system for controlling lubrication

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2161417A1 true EP2161417A1 (fr) 2010-03-10

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EP09166581A Withdrawn EP2161417A1 (fr) 2008-08-07 2009-07-28 Procédé de lubrification d'extenseur de vis et système de contrôle de la lubrification

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WO2011151029A3 (fr) * 2010-06-01 2012-07-05 Man Truck & Bus Ag Procédé et dispositif pour le fonctionnement d'un processus dans un circuit de vapeur comportant un détendeur lubrifié
WO2014117156A1 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2014-07-31 Eaton Corporation Système à cycle de rankine à caloporteur organique comportant un circuit de lubrification
EP3032048A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-15 Eaton Corporation Système à cycle de rankine organique avec circuit de lubrification
WO2017059884A1 (fr) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-13 Bitzer Kühlmaschinenbau Gmbh Système de détente
DE102016219633A1 (de) * 2016-10-10 2018-04-12 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh System zur Durchführung eines thermodynamischen Kreisprozesses und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Systems
WO2020161000A1 (fr) * 2019-02-05 2020-08-13 Bitzer Kühlmaschinenbau Gmbh Installation de détente et installation de récupération d'énergie électrique à partir de chaleur
EP3916253A1 (fr) * 2020-05-28 2021-12-01 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Système et procédé de commande d'un palier lisse
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BE1023904B1 (nl) 2015-09-08 2017-09-08 Atlas Copco Airpower Naamloze Vennootschap ORC voor het omvormen van afvalwarmte van een warmtebron in mechanische energie en compressorinstallatie die gebruik maakt van een dergelijke ORC.
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WO2017096280A2 (fr) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-08 Eaton Corporation Détendeur basé sur un cycle de rankine organique sans huile
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JP6815911B2 (ja) * 2017-03-22 2021-01-20 株式会社神戸製鋼所 熱エネルギー回収装置
JP2019019797A (ja) * 2017-07-20 2019-02-07 パナソニック株式会社 熱電併給システム及び熱電併給システムの運転方法
JP6763848B2 (ja) * 2017-12-04 2020-09-30 株式会社神戸製鋼所 熱エネルギー回収装置
CN108894834B (zh) * 2018-07-03 2024-02-02 广东工业大学 可自动监控的膨胀机供回油系统
GB2581770B (en) 2019-01-14 2023-01-18 Gas Expansion Motors Ltd Engine
US11326550B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-05-10 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods utilizing gas temperature as a power source
US11293414B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-04-05 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power in an organic rankine cycle operation
US11592009B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2023-02-28 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
US11187212B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2021-11-30 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Methods for generating geothermal power in an organic Rankine cycle operation during hydrocarbon production based on working fluid temperature

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