EP2156448A1 - Transformateur électrique avec compensation du flux continu - Google Patents

Transformateur électrique avec compensation du flux continu

Info

Publication number
EP2156448A1
EP2156448A1 EP07730062A EP07730062A EP2156448A1 EP 2156448 A1 EP2156448 A1 EP 2156448A1 EP 07730062 A EP07730062 A EP 07730062A EP 07730062 A EP07730062 A EP 07730062A EP 2156448 A1 EP2156448 A1 EP 2156448A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
compensation
core
magnetic field
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07730062A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2156448B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Hamberger
Albert Leikermoser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Transformers Austria GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Transformers Austria GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Transformers Austria GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2156448A1 publication Critical patent/EP2156448A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2156448B1 publication Critical patent/EP2156448B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/343—Preventing or reducing surge voltages; oscillations
    • H01F27/345—Preventing or reducing surge voltages; oscillations using auxiliary conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • H01F27/385—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings for reducing harmonics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical transformer with DC compensation.
  • DC component or “DC component”. It is usually only a few parts per thousand of the rated transformer current, but causes in the core of the transformer a magnetic direct flux, which is superimposed on the primary or secondary alternating flux and causes an asymmetrical modulation of the BH characteristic of the ferromagnetic core material. Even a small proportion of direct current can cause a saturation of the core due to the high permeability of the ferromagnetic core material and result in strong distortions of the magnetizing current.
  • the geostationary magnetic field can also contribute to a DC component in the nucleus. The consequence of this asymmetrical modulation are increased magnetic Losses and thus increased heating of the core, as well as magnetization current peaks, which cause an increased emission of operating noise.
  • the undesirable saturation effect could basically be counteracted by increasing the cross section of the magnetic circuit and thus keeping the magnetic flux density B lower, or inserting a (replacement) air gap into the magnetic circuit, as proposed for example in DE 198 54 902 A1.
  • the former leads to an increased construction volume of the transformer, the latter to a larger magnetizing current; both are disadvantageous.
  • actuators are proposed in US 5,726,617 and DE 699 01 596 T2, which excite the oil in a Transformatorgehause so that the fluid pressure waves when operating the transformer from the laminated core and of the transformer windings go out, be weakened.
  • these actuators consume a not inconsiderable amount of energy during operation; they are also prone to failure and exhausting.
  • the invention is based on the idea not to combat the unwanted effects of the bias, but to eliminate their cause.
  • the transformer according to the invention is characterized as follows:
  • the transformer has a soft magnetic core on which in addition to a primary and a secondary winding assembly, a compensation winding assembly is arranged.
  • the compensation winding arrangement is connected to a current control device which, in accordance with a control variable which provides a magnetic field measuring device from a measurement of a magnetic flux linked to a current in the primary or secondary winding arrangement, enters into the compensation winding arrangement
  • the compensation current is fed in such a way that its effect in the core is directed against a magnetic direct flux.
  • the specification of the compensation current in the compensation winding takes place in accordance with a magnetic field measured variable which supplies a magnetic field measuring device.
  • a magnetic field measured variable which supplies a magnetic field measuring device.
  • known magnetic field sensors are suitable, which either measure the field in the core of the transformer, or the stray magnetic field, which closes outside the core via the air path.
  • the basic operating principle of these sensors can be, for example, the induction in a measuring coil, the Hall effect or the magneto-resistive effect.
  • the magnetic field measured variable can also be determined by using a magnetometer (fluxgate or Förster probe). In comparison to an accurate measurement of the DC component (which is much smaller than the rated current, in particular in the case of a large transformer, and is therefore difficult to detect), the metrological outlay for determining the magnetic field measured variable is lower.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention may be characterized in that the magnetic field measuring device is formed from a signal processing unit that is signal-conducting with at least two magnetic field detectors.
  • the determination of two DC components may be sufficient, since the total flux must be zero.
  • the signal processing unit is set up to determine harmonics from a respective measurement signal provided by the magnetic field detector and to form the control signal therefrom.
  • the harmonic analysis can be done electronically or computer-aided.
  • Even-numbered harmonics are particularly suitable here, in particular the first harmonic (2nd harmonic) whose amplitude is functionally related to the magnetic direct flux which it is to be compensated for.
  • two magnetic field detectors are arranged outside the core so that they detect a leakage flux of the transformer.
  • the stray flux increases very strongly in the case of the magnetic saturation of the core, which is favorable for the determination of the control signal.
  • the magnetic field detector can simply be designed as an induction probe, which detects the leakage flux change and converts it into an electrical measurement signal, from which the even-numbered harmonics, in particular the second harmonic, can be filtered out.
  • the induction probe can be designed as an air coil.
  • the electrical measurement signal from this air-core coil is independent of long-term and temperature drift and is also cost-effective.
  • a blocking circuit (ZB: Reaktanzzweipol) is connected in the current path to the current control device.
  • ZB Reaktanzzweipol
  • a two-pole network for example, formed from an LC parallel circuit that blocks the mains frequency, but hardly represents a resistance with respect to the compensation DC.
  • a favorable spatial arrangement of the magnetic field detector is most easily done by trial or numerical field simulation. Particularly favorable is a measuring location at which the magnetic fields caused by the primary and secondary load currents largely compensate each other. Preferred is an arrangement in which an air coil in a gap formed of an outer peripheral surface of a transformer leg and the concentrically enclosing compensation winding or secondary winding, approximately in the middle leg height, is arranged.
  • a preferred arrangement of the compensation winding may be the yoke in a three-arm transformer or the yoke in a five-arm transformer; As a result, a compensation winding can be retrofitted to an existing transformer in a simple manner.
  • Figure 1 shows a three-phase transformer according to the invention (three-arm transformer) with DC compensation, in which the compensation winding assembly is disposed on the main legs;
  • Figure 2 shows a three-phase transformer according to the invention (three-arm transformer) with DC compensation, in which the compensation winding arrangement is arranged on the yoke;
  • Figure 3 shows a three-phase transformer according to the invention with DC compensation, in which the compensation winding assembly is disposed on a remindInstitutj och;
  • FIG. 4 shows a three-phase transformer according to the invention (five-limb transformer) with DC compensation, in which the compensation winding arrangement is arranged on the main legs;
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a measuring test, for
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the linear relationship as a result of the measurement test according to FIG between DC component and 2nd harmonic at a primary voltage of 6 kV;
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram which, as a result of the measurement test according to FIG. 6, shows the linear relationship between the DC component and the second harmonic at a primary voltage of 30 kV.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrical transformer 20 with a housing 7, which has a transformer core 4.
  • the design of the core 4 corresponds to the known three-limb design with three legs 21, 22, 23 and a transverse yoke 32.
  • On each of the legs 21, 22, 23 is as usual a primary winding 1 and a secondary winding. 2
  • a compensating winding 3 is additionally provided on the outer legs 21 and 23.
  • FIG. 1 Drawing of Figure 1 is indicated in the region of the first leg 21 with an arrow 5, a magnetic "DC”.
  • This magnetic "direct current” 5 is assumed to be caused by a “direct current component” (DC component) flowing on the primary side or the secondary side.
  • the “direct flow” can also be interspersed by the earth's magnetic field.
  • direct current or “direct current” is here to be understood a physical quantity, which, seen in time compared to 5o Hz alternating variables, varies only very slowly, if this is the case at all.
  • This magnetic flux 5, which is superimposed on the alternating flux in the leg 21, causes a bias, which is an asymmetrical modulation of the magnetic Material and thus causes an increased noise emission.
  • two controlled current sources 12 and 13 are provided in FIG. These current sources 12, 13 feed each in the sense of a compensation in an associated
  • Compensating winding 3 a compensation current 16 and 17, whose size and direction is such that the magnetic DC flux 5 is compensated in the core 4. (In FIG. 1 this is indicated by an arrow 6 of the same size, opposite to the arrow 5)
  • Adjustment takes place by means of the control signals 14, 15, which are supplied as manipulated variable to the current sources 12 and 13 by means of the lines 9, 10.
  • the control variables 14, 15 provide a signal processing unit 11, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • a magnetic field detector 8 is arranged in each case approximately centrally between the compensation winding 3 and an outer limb 21 or 23 of the core 4.
  • Each of these magnetic field detectors 8 is located outside the magnetic circuit and measures a stray field of the transformer 20. In the stray field, in particular, that half-wave of the magnetizing current emerges significantly, which is controlled to saturation, so that the DC component in the core can be determined well.
  • the measuring signal of the detectors 8 is fed to the signal processing unit 11 by means of the lines 9, 10.
  • the two magnetic field detectors 8 each consist of a measuring coil (several hundred turns, diameter about 25 mm).
  • a measuring coil hundreds of turns, diameter about 25 mm.
  • the sum of the DC components over all legs must be zero.
  • a multiplicity of sensor principles is fundamentally possible for the magnetic field measurement. It is only decisive that a magnetic field characteristic of the transformer is measured, from which the DC component or the DC component can be determined by means of signaling technology and subsequently corrected.
  • FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 only in that here the compensation winding arrangement 3 is not arranged on a main leg 21, 22, 23 but on the yoke 32 of the core 4. At each main leg 21, 22, 23 is again in a gap between the core 4 and the secondary winding 2, a magnetic field detector 8 is arranged (here for redundancy reasons a total of three).
  • FIG. 3 shows a five-limb transformer in which a compensation winding 3 is arranged at each return limb 31.
  • the core flux does not split in half when entering the yoke to two sides; Due to the law of continuity, the respective direct flow component flowing back from the return leg 31 must correspond to the direct flow in the main legs 21, 22, 23, so that each return leg 31 carries 1.5 times the DC component.
  • Each leg 21, 22, 23 is again one outside of the
  • Compensating current 16 and 17 can compensate for the DC component in the yoke legs 31.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. Here are the compensation windings 3 on the main legs 21, 22 and
  • Each of these compensation windings 3 is again assigned to one of three current control means. The specification of the compensation current takes place as described above by the signal processing unit 11.
  • FIG. 5 shows, in a schematic block diagram, a possible embodiment of the signal processing unit 11, which acts as a DC compensation controller.
  • the signal processing unit 11 determines the second harmonic from the spectrum of the harmonics, which is a direct image of the DC component.
  • a sensor coil 8 detects leakage flux of the transformer 20.
  • the measurement signal of the sensor coil 8 is supplied to a differential amplifier 19.
  • a notch filter notch filter
  • the measurement signal Via a low-pass filter 25 and a bandpass filter 26, the measurement signal is applied to an integrator 27. By integrating, a voltage signal proportional to the magnetic flux change in the measuring coil 8, which is supplied to a very selective bandpass filter 26, is produced Share figures, filter out.
  • This voltage signal passes after a sample-and-hold circuit 28 and a low-pass filter 25 via line 16 to the controlled current source 12 with integrated control device.
  • This current source 12 and control device is connected in a closed circuit 33 with a compensation winding 3. She gives in the Compensation winding 3 before a DC, which counteracts the DC component in the core 4.
  • FIG. 5 also shows an auxiliary winding 29 whose signal is fed to the sample / hold circuit 28 via filters and rectification. It serves in the illustrated circuit for conditioning the scanning signal, so that a phase-related scanning of the second harmonic of
  • the signal processing illustrated in FIG. 5 shows, by way of example only, a possible second harmonic measurement method.
  • the expert expert has a number of analog and digital function blocks available for this purpose.
  • the current control variable 14, 15 could also be obtained by a suitable digital calculation method in a microcomputer or a freely programmable logic device (FPGA), which determines the second harmonic (100 Hz) from the Fourier transform.
  • FIG. 6 shows a test arrangement in which the signal conditioning unit 11 illustrated in FIG. 5 and explained above in the case of a 4 MVA power transformer was used to suppress the relationship between the DC component and the first harmonic (2nd harmonic) To determine real conditions metrologically.
  • the 4 MVA power transformer in this experiment was idle at a primary voltage of 6 KV and 30 KV, respectively.
  • a DC component between 0.2 and 2 A was fed by means of a current source.
  • a magnetic field detector 8 was a sensor coil with 200 turns, which was located outside the core of the transformer and detects the leakage flux.
  • the direct current component (IDC) fed in at the star point is plotted on the ordinate; on the abscissa the rms value of the first harmonic (UlOOHz) is plotted.
  • the diagram in Figure 7 shows the relationship at a primary voltage of 6 KV, the diagram in Figure 8 at a primary voltage of 30 KV effectively.
  • the two diagrams in FIGS. 7 and 8 show that the relationship between the DC component (IDC) and the associated distortion (second harmonic ULOOHz) can be regarded with sufficient accuracy as linear.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un transformateur électrique avec compensation du flux continu qui est caractérisé par les caractéristiques suivantes : a) Le transformateur (20) présente un noyau magnétique doux (4) sur lequel est disposé un arrangement d'enroulement de compensation (3) en plus d'un arrangement d'enroulement primaire et secondaire (1, 2). b) L'arrangement d'enroulement de compensation (3) est relié avec un dispositif de commande du courant (12, 13) qui, suivant les indications d'un signal de commande (14, 15) délivré par un dispositif de mesure du champ magnétique (30) à partir d'une mesure d'un flux associé au courant dans l'arrangement d'enroulement primaire ou secondaire, injecte dans l'arrangement d'enroulement de compensation (3) un courant de compensation (16, 17) de telle sorte que son effet dans le noyau (4) est dirigé en sens inverse d'un flux magnétique continu (5).
EP07730062.2A 2007-06-12 2007-06-12 Transformateur électrique avec compensation du flux continu Active EP2156448B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/055728 WO2008151661A1 (fr) 2007-06-12 2007-06-12 Transformateur électrique avec compensation du flux continu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2156448A1 true EP2156448A1 (fr) 2010-02-24
EP2156448B1 EP2156448B1 (fr) 2017-08-16

Family

ID=39032325

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07730062.2A Active EP2156448B1 (fr) 2007-06-12 2007-06-12 Transformateur électrique avec compensation du flux continu

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8314674B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2156448B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101681716A (fr)
ES (1) ES2647679T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008151661A1 (fr)

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US10032556B2 (en) * 2014-03-19 2018-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft DC compensation for high DC current in transformer
EP2952997B1 (fr) * 2014-06-06 2017-02-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de mesure destiné à l'enregistrement d'un flux magnétique continu dans le noyau d'un transformateur
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2156448B1 (fr) 2017-08-16
ES2647679T3 (es) 2017-12-26
WO2008151661A1 (fr) 2008-12-18
CN101681716A (zh) 2010-03-24
US20100194373A1 (en) 2010-08-05
US8314674B2 (en) 2012-11-20

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