EP2140107B1 - Method and device for controlling at least one drilling parameter for rock drilling - Google Patents

Method and device for controlling at least one drilling parameter for rock drilling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2140107B1
EP2140107B1 EP08741842.2A EP08741842A EP2140107B1 EP 2140107 B1 EP2140107 B1 EP 2140107B1 EP 08741842 A EP08741842 A EP 08741842A EP 2140107 B1 EP2140107 B1 EP 2140107B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
percussion
drilling
feed
damping
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Active
Application number
EP08741842.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2140107A4 (en
EP2140107A1 (en
Inventor
Maria Pettersson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Epiroc Rock Drills AB
Original Assignee
Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed
    • E21B44/08—Automatic control of the tool feed in response to the amplitude of the movement of the percussion tool, e.g. jump or recoil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed
    • E21B44/06—Automatic control of the tool feed in response to the flow or pressure of the motive fluid of the drive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the drilling parameters when drilling in rock.
  • Rock drilling is often carried out by percussion drilling, where a percussion piston, which is often operated hydraulically, is used to create a shock wave with the aid of an impact force that is generated by hydraulic pressure (percussion pressure), the shock wave being transmitted to the drill bit and hence to the rock through the drill steel (drill string).
  • a percussion piston which is often operated hydraulically, is used to create a shock wave with the aid of an impact force that is generated by hydraulic pressure (percussion pressure), the shock wave being transmitted to the drill bit and hence to the rock through the drill steel (drill string).
  • percussion pressure hydraulic pressure
  • hard alloy pins of the drill bit contacting the rock are pushed into the rock, thereby generating a strong enough force to fragment the rock.
  • the drilling machine can be attached e.g. to a carriage, which moves along a supporting means, such as a feed beam, which is connected to a carrier, such as a vehicle.
  • the drill bit is forced into the rock by moving the carriage, and therefore the drilling machine, along the feed beam towards the rock.
  • the bearing pressure of the drill bit against the rock is influenced by the abovementioned feed pressure through a damping piston arranged in a damping system, which is also used to damp the percussion pulse reflections from the rock.
  • the critical part of the drilling i.e. its beginning (also called collaring)
  • collaring should be carried out gently and carefully until a hole is obtained that is sufficiently deep and extends in the right direction, after which the full feed force and the full drilling power can be applied.
  • the sufficient depth of the borehole varies with the quality of the rock to a large extent. For example, a soft rock with numerous fissures calls for a deeper borehole to enable us to ensure that it has the right direction before switching over to the full feed force.
  • problems can arise not only in the initial drilling stage but also in the normal drilling operation, due to discontinuities in the medium. For example, if the rock contains a large number of fissures or its hardness varies greatly so that the drill steel loses contact with the rock ahead of it from time to time, harmful reflections can arise if the percussion pressure is too high in such cases.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling at least one drilling parameter in order to solve the above problems.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for controlling at least one drilling parameter in order to solve the above problems.
  • the above objects are achieved by controlling at least one drilling parameter when drilling into rock with a drilling machine, where the percussion pressure that generates the percussive force of the drilling machine, and/or the feed pressure that generates its feed force are controlled during drilling.
  • the method includes the steps of determining a parameter value that represents a mean value of the damping pressure in a damping chamber.
  • the damping chamber is used both for transmitting the feed force to the drill string that is connected to the drilling machine and for damping the rock reflections from this drill string.
  • the method also involves a determination of a difference between the said mean value of the damping pressure that has been established on the one hand, and a reference value for the damping pressure on the other hand. It also involves control of the percussion pressure and/or the feed pressure of the drilling machine on the basis of the said difference.
  • the said mean value of the damping pressure can be determined on the basis of a number of percussion cycles.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that, when the percussion pressure or the feed pressure is controlled on the basis of a signal representing the difference between the mean damping pressure value averaged over time on the one hand and the reference value of the damping pressure on the other hand, it can be ensured in each situation that a correct feed pressure is obtained in relation to the percussion pressure, or vice versa.
  • the said mean value can be a time-average value determined over a number of percussion cycles.
  • the method and device according to the invention can also have one or more of the characteristics described below.
  • the feed rate of the drilling machine can also be used to control the percussion pressure and/or the feed pressure.
  • the reference value of the damping pressure can be arranged to vary with the feed rate. If for example the feed rate is high, the reference value of the damping pressure can be reduced in order to reduce the feed pressure and so also the feed rate. It will be realized that this may also involve a reduction of the percussion pressure when the damping pressure is reduced. Conversely, if the feed rate is low, the reference value of the damping pressure can be raised in order to increase the feed pressure and so also the feed rate. This can also have the effect of increasing the percussion pressure.
  • the method may also include the following steps:
  • the damping pressure can be arranged to be determined continuously and/or at certain intervals e.g. by sensoring, monitoring, measurements or calculations.
  • the percussion pressure can be delimited according to the invention in the following cases: if the damping pressure does not exceed the idling pressure of the damping system with certainty, if the drill shank is not in the percussion position, or if the damping pressure is too low for the percussion pressure prevailing at the time. This, in turn, means that the harmful reflections can be prevented both during initial drilling and during normal drilling.
  • the percussion pressure can be delimited e.g. to its initial value, but it can be increased again to its normal drilling value later.
  • the method can be used for control purposes when the percussion pressure and the feed pressure of the drilling machine change from a first level to a second level.
  • the method can be used in the initial drilling stage, where the percussion pressure and/or the feed pressure of the drilling machine are changed from a first, reduced level to a second level, which essentially represents normal drilling.
  • the advantage of this is that the method can be used in the case of initial drilling to ensure that the initial borehole gets the required direction and position.
  • the method can also include a step of raising/lowering the percussion pressure from a first level to a second level during a predetermined period and/or a predetermined hole depth, wherein the increase/ decrease is being carried out in steps and/or continuously and/or in stages and/or with continuously increasing derivatives and/or linearly.
  • the number of parameters involved in the initial drilling process can be minimized, e.g. to initial and final values for the percussion pressure and a value for the duration of the initial phase, or alternatively for the depth of the borehole.
  • the percussion pressure can be raised or lowered linearly or according to continuously increasing or decreasing derivatives.
  • the method can be used for initial drilling and/or normal drilling. This has the advantage that it can be employed both during initial drilling (collaring), where it is important to obtain a borehole that extends in the right direction, and during normal drilling, where drilling into rocks with e.g. numerous cavities can damage the drilling equipment if e.g. full percussive force is applied to a drill string at the opposite end of which the drill steel loses contact with the rock, due to a cavity, for example.
  • the damping pressure is reduced, e.g. because of a cavity, the percussion pressure can be e.g. delimited, after which it is raised again to the normal drilling level. This increase can be effected much more quickly in normal drilling than in initial drilling, because the borehole is by then long enough to have the right direction.
  • the percussion pressure can be delimited when the damping pressure does not exceed the idling pressure of the damping system with certainty.
  • the present invention also relates to a device of this type, with the aid of which the advantages described above are obtained, owing to the characteristics of the device.
  • Fig. 1 shows a known way of controlling electrically controlled and computer-controlled hydraulic systems during rock drilling.
  • This method comprises numerous parameters that have to be set.
  • the initial values and the duration of the initial drilling stage (collaring) must be determined, as must also the nature of the transition stage, illustrated in Fig. 1 , between time T1 and time T2. In other words, it must be decided what the transition stage will be like in order to ensure that it is sufficiently smooth.
  • the reduced-power drilling should not be maintained for too long, because that would mean a loss of time. Consequently, this method is complicated.
  • Fig. 2a shows a rock drilling rig 20 for which the present invention can be used.
  • the rock drilling rig 20 comprises a boom 21, one end of which being connected to a carrier, represented by a vehicle 23, while its other end carries a feeder 24 that supports a drilling machine 22.
  • the drilling machine 22 can be displaced along the feeder 24 and is coupled to a drill string component 25.
  • the drill string component 25 constitutes the first component, which is used during the drilling of a special borehole and which is fitted with a drill bit at its end opposite the drilling machine. Otherwise it is generally threaded for example to connect it to the drilling string component that was used before.
  • Fig. 2b shows the drilling machine 22 in more detail.
  • This drilling machine comprises an adapter 31, one end of which being provided with connecting means 30, for example a screw thread, to establish a connection with a drilling string component (not shown).
  • the drilling machine also comprises a piston 32, which impacts against the adapter 31 to transfer percussion pulses first to the drill string and onto the rock.
  • the drill string is advanced (fed) towards the rock through a sleeve 33 with the aid of a damping piston 34, which is arranged in a damping system that is also used to damp percussion pulse reflections from the rock.
  • a determined force produced by hydraulic pressure in a first damping chamber 37 is transmitted to the adapter 31 via the damping piston 34 and the sleeve 33, this force being used to ensure that the drill bit is pressed against the rock at all times.
  • a percussion gives rise to reflections from the rock, these reflections are damped by the damping piston 34 being forced into a second damping chamber 38.
  • the fluid in this second damping chamber 38 is pressed into the first damping chamber 37 through a small slit between the damping piston 34 and the chamber wall 35, as the damping piston 34 is being pressed into the second damping chamber 38.
  • the damping piston 34 and the casing 33 may consist of a single component.
  • the present invention involves a simple control principle based on the control of the "rod force”.
  • the term “rod force” is used here to denote the force acting on the drill steel, apart from the pulses generated by the percussions of the piston (the percussion force).
  • a suitable value of the percussion pressure is established for both initial drilling and normal (full) drilling.
  • These pressure levels can be determined for example in advance or they can be adjusted later.
  • the pressure levels can vary with the type of rock, but the minium level is often limited by the required idling levels of the machine.
  • the initial value of the percussion pressure is chosen in such a way that the initial drilling is sufficiently gentle to ensure that the borehole has the right direction and position; while at the same time, as mentioned before, the pressure should not be too low, since this can cause problems with the drilling machine.
  • the initial value should not be too low either, otherwise no borehole is obtained at all.
  • the initial value of the percussion pressure can be for example about 130 bar.
  • the final value is the value that the percussion pressure should have in the case of normal (full) drilling, i.e.
  • the value that gives the fastest possible drilling without endangering the machine for example a pressure of 200 bar.
  • This value should in principle be as high as possible. However, it may be necessary in some situations to operate the machine at less than full power, in which case appropriate values can be set.
  • the length of this period is established, together with the way the percussion pressure is to be raised from the lower value to the higher one during this period.
  • the control is then effected by determining the damping pressure in a damping chamber, such as the first damping chamber 37, e.g. by measurements or sensoring with the aid of a pressure sensor fitted in or connected to the damping chamber.
  • This pressure sensor can generate a signal that represents a time-average value of the pressure in the damping chamber, where the mean value can be a mean value based on a number of percussion cycles.
  • the damping pressure can be determined sufficiently often, for example continuously, so as to be able to establish the variation of the damping pressure with the percussions delivered by the percussion tool, i.e.
  • the pressure sensor can be so constructed as to comprise a device for effecting the calculation of the said mean value and so give a representation of the mean value for each percussion cycle.
  • the pressure sensor can be arranged to produce signals continuously or at certain intervals, these signals being then used by an external device to determine the mean value of the damping pressure for a percussion cycle.
  • the intervals can be arrange to depend on the percussion frequency of the drilling machine; a drilling machine operating at a percussion frequency of the order of hundreds of Hertz or in the kilo-Hertz region calls for significantly more closely-set intervals than a drilling machine operating at a percussion frequency of the order of 30-50 Hz.
  • the mean value for a number of percussion cycles can be determined.
  • the mean value of the determined damping pressure is then compared with the actual percussion pressure, using a predetermined relation between the damping pressure and the percussion pressure. This can be done e.g. by table look-up, in which table the required damping pressure for various values of the percussion pressure can be stored. Alternatively, the calculation can be based on established mathematical relationships.
  • the feed pressure is raised until the condition is fulfilled.
  • the increase in the percussion pressure may be either stopped for a time or it may be allowed to proceed. It is also possible to reduce the percussion pressure occasionally in order not to risk any damage to the drilling machine if the measured damping pressure is too low.
  • the percussion pressure and the damping pressure are preferably measured continuously or at such short intervals, so that the control of the feed pressure can be considered fast in comparison with the increase in the percussion pressure. This makes a satisfactory control of the feed pressure possible without interrupting the increase in the percussion pressure.
  • the mean value of the damping pressure can be determined for a number of percussion cycles and still allow a satisfactory control of the feed pressure.
  • the feed pressure can be reduced when the reverse relationship applies, i.e. when p d, exp > p d, req .
  • the percussion pressure increment can be raised according to a continuously increasing function.
  • Figs. 3a-3c show some examples of the appearance of the percussion pressure increment during initial drilling, i.e. in the period elapsing from 0 to T2 in Fig. 1 .
  • the increase follows a continuously increasing function, with successively increasing derivatives, such as an exponential function, for example.
  • Fig. 3b shows a linear increase
  • Fig. 3c shows an increase effected in the form of staircase-like steps.
  • the present invention therefore provides a system that only comprises two control stages.
  • the parameters for the first stage - initial drilling - comprise the initial value of the percussion pressure and the length of the initial stage. The number of parameters that have to be set is therefore minimized.
  • the percussion pressure is raised in a predetermined way, and the feed pressure is then controlled on the basis of the damping pressure.
  • the duration of the initial stage can be determined e.g. by setting either the required depth of the initial borehole or the time over which the initial drilling should proceed.
  • the actual feed force operating in the drilling machine is the sum of the time-average value of the percussive force F drill and the force on the rod F rod .
  • This actual feed force F feed is different from the theoretical one, owing to frictional losses and similar effects. This difference varies from one machine to the next, depending e.g. on whether or not these machines are subject to different frictional losses.
  • the percussive force is generated directly by the fluid pressure without involving a percussion piston. This variant is denoted pulse percussion tool.
  • K is a constant that is specific to the drilling machine, since m , v 0 , f 0 , R and p 0 are parameters that are themselves specific to the drilling machine and which can therefore, e.g., when being mounted on a specific drilling rig, be fed into a memory of the control system of the drilling rig.
  • R depends on the shank adapter, and when this is replaced by one of another type, it may be necessary to change the stored R value accordingly.
  • K also changes when the percussion position of the percussion piston is altered, so the stored value of K is changed also in such a case.
  • the control can be effected according to the principle shown in Fig. 4a by choosing suitable values for the percussion pressure in the case of initial drilling and normal drilling, together with a value for the relation X .
  • Fig. 4a The control principle shown in Fig. 4a is based on linear control, as in Fig. 3b , but of course any other control principle can also be used.
  • a suitable value of X which can be specific to the drilling machine, may be known in advance and be stored already when the drilling machine is manufactured; alternatively, X can be determined after a period of drilling.
  • the value of X is kept constant and it is stored in the memory 50 together with a number of parameters for the drilling machine.
  • these parameters are X, p L , p H , K and A d , where p L is the initial level of the percussion pressure and p H is the percussion pressure in the case of normal drilling.
  • These stored parameters are used in drilling for calculating p d, ref with the aid of calculation means 51, using Eq. (5).
  • the calculation means 51 has means 52 for receiving the actual percussion pressure p.
  • the calculated value of p d, ref that this parameter should have is then transmitted by the calculation means 51 as output data via output means 53 and is then compared with the actual damping pressure in a comparator 54.
  • the output end of the latter is coupled to a means 55 that uses the difference between p d, ref and p d .
  • the value of p d is determined e.g. by a pressure sensor as mentioned above. The said difference is used in order to calculate a change in the feed pressure ⁇ p feed for the feed pressure p feed and to transmit this difference ⁇ p feed to a suitable device (not shown), which makes a correction in the feed pressure, using the calculated difference.
  • the feed pressure is increased if p d, ref is greater than p d , and it is reduced if p d, ref is smaller than p d .
  • This process can be carried out continuously or at certain intervals, such as 1 time, 10 times or 100 times a second.
  • X can be determined for the actual percussion pressure by using a predetermined relation, such as for example a linear one according to Eq. (4).
  • the feed rate of the drilling machine i.e. the speed at which the drilling proceeds, can also be used for the said control of the percussion pressure and/or feed pressure.
  • a value of p d, ref is determined that varies with the actual feed rate as well.
  • the present invention has been described above in connection with initial drilling. However, the invention can also be applied in the case of normal drilling. With normal drilling, discontinuities of the medium can present a problem. If for example the rock contains a large number of fissures or if its hardness varies greatly so that the drill steel loses contact with the rock ahead of it from time to time, harmful reflections can arise if the feed pressure and the percussion pressure are too high in this case. If the drilling steel loses contact with the rock facing it, this is immediately reflected in a drop in the damping pressure and an increase in feed rate. Instead of raising the feed pressure to maintain the value of the quotient X, it is possible to reduce the percussion pressure instead.
  • the feed rate can be compared with a cavity speed representing a speed at which the drilling is known to have reached a cavity, and the percussion pressure of the drilling machine can then be reduced if the cavity speed is reached or exceeded.
  • the cavity speed is determined (set) at a value of the feed rate that represents a speed that is higher than the value at which drilling into the rock is possible. In other words, if the feed rate rises to the cavity speed that has been set, it can be taken as an indication that the drilling has reached a cavity.
  • the percussion pressure can be reduced to the initial or start value in such a case, because this has been chosen e.g. with respect to the accumulator pressure.
  • this initial or start value can instead reduce the percussion pressure to a level at which it is delimited with respect to the idling pressure of the damping system.
  • the present invention has been described here in connection with a percussion drilling machine that comprises a percussion piston, where the energy of the percussion or impact pulses in principle consists of the kinetic energy of the percussion piston, which is transmitted to the drill steel.
  • the invention can also be used with other types of pulse-generating systems, such as those in which the shockwave energy is instead generated by pressure pulses that are transmitted to the drill string from an energy store through a percussion organ that only performs a very small movement.
  • a damping pressure can be determined in a damping chamber, which can be suitable chamber, provided that it performs the required damping function.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
EP08741842.2A 2007-04-11 2008-04-09 Method and device for controlling at least one drilling parameter for rock drilling Active EP2140107B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0700883A SE532482C2 (sv) 2007-04-11 2007-04-11 Metod, anordning och bergborrningsrigg för styrning av åtminstone en borrparameter
PCT/SE2008/000255 WO2008127171A1 (en) 2007-04-11 2008-04-09 Method and device for controlling at least one drilling parameter for rock drilling

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2140107A1 EP2140107A1 (en) 2010-01-06
EP2140107A4 EP2140107A4 (en) 2015-12-09
EP2140107B1 true EP2140107B1 (en) 2017-03-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08741842.2A Active EP2140107B1 (en) 2007-04-11 2008-04-09 Method and device for controlling at least one drilling parameter for rock drilling

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP2140107B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5309128B2 (ja)
SE (1) SE532482C2 (ja)
WO (1) WO2008127171A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE533986C2 (sv) * 2008-10-10 2011-03-22 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Metod anordning och borrigg samt datoriserat styrsystem för att styra en bergborrmaskin vid borrning i berg
CN103556943B (zh) * 2013-11-08 2016-05-11 阿特拉斯科普柯(南京)建筑矿山设备有限公司 根据推进力控制凿岩系统的冲击功的方法以及装置
EP2886789B1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2019-02-27 Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy Drilling tool support and method of collaring drilling tool support and method of collaring
SE538090C2 (sv) * 2014-02-18 2016-03-01 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Bergborrmaskin och förfarande för bergborrning
SE543372C2 (sv) * 2019-03-29 2020-12-22 Epiroc Rock Drills Ab Borrmaskin och metod för att styra en borrningsprocess hos en borrmaskin
SE2050667A1 (en) * 2020-06-08 2021-12-09 Epiroc Rock Drills Ab Method and System for Diagnosing an Accumulator in a Hydraulic Circuit

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI69680C (fi) * 1984-06-12 1986-03-10 Tampella Oy Ab Foerfarande foer optimering av bergborrning
FI90276C (fi) * 1991-01-03 1994-01-10 Tamrock Oy Menetelmä reiän poraamiseksi kallioon
SE508064C2 (sv) * 1993-10-15 1998-08-17 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Bergborrningsanordning med reflexdämpare
JP4463381B2 (ja) * 2000-06-01 2010-05-19 古河機械金属株式会社 油圧さく岩機のダンパ圧力制御装置
SE520421C2 (sv) * 2001-11-22 2003-07-08 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Förfarande för bergborrning
SE528699C2 (sv) * 2004-06-09 2007-01-30 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Metod och system för styrning av borrparametrar under påhugg

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008127171A8 (en) 2009-01-15
SE0700883L (sv) 2008-10-12
JP2010523857A (ja) 2010-07-15
EP2140107A4 (en) 2015-12-09
SE532482C2 (sv) 2010-02-02
JP5309128B2 (ja) 2013-10-09
EP2140107A1 (en) 2010-01-06
WO2008127171A1 (en) 2008-10-23

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