EP2139645B1 - Kraftschrauber - Google Patents

Kraftschrauber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2139645B1
EP2139645B1 EP08757968A EP08757968A EP2139645B1 EP 2139645 B1 EP2139645 B1 EP 2139645B1 EP 08757968 A EP08757968 A EP 08757968A EP 08757968 A EP08757968 A EP 08757968A EP 2139645 B1 EP2139645 B1 EP 2139645B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
electric motor
power screwdriver
screwdriver according
torque value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08757968A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2139645A2 (de
Inventor
Marc Gareis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Losomat Schraubtechnik Neef GmbH
Loesomat Schraubtechnik Neef GmbH
Original Assignee
Losomat Schraubtechnik Neef GmbH
Loesomat Schraubtechnik Neef GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Losomat Schraubtechnik Neef GmbH, Loesomat Schraubtechnik Neef GmbH filed Critical Losomat Schraubtechnik Neef GmbH
Publication of EP2139645A2 publication Critical patent/EP2139645A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2139645B1 publication Critical patent/EP2139645B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/0078Reaction arms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/147Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for electrically operated wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power wrench according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • a power-driven screwdriver which provides a predetermined torque setpoint.
  • the torque applied by the screwdriver is detected indirectly on the basis of the current flowing through the electric motor. Due to the mains connection, the starting point is an operating voltage of the electric motor, which is always the same and constant. If the torque setpoint has not yet been reached, the screwdriver turns at the maximum possible speed, which depends on the torque setpoint to be applied. Due to the inertia of the rotating parts of the screwdriver, such as electric motor and in particular gear, the screw is still rotated depending on the caster after reaching the torque setpoint.
  • the in the DE 23 26 027 A1 occurring problem due to the further rotation of the screwdriver when reaching the torque setpoint is of the DE 103 41 975 A1 addressed.
  • Described is an electronic torque limiting device for an example used in a battery-powered screwdriver electric motor.
  • the starting point is an electronic one Torque limit, in which the current flowing through the electric motor is used as a measure of the torque.
  • Such a procedure is referred to as inaccurate, because in particular at high speeds after switching off the electric motor by the kinetic energy of the rotating masses can occur with the result that a screw is tightened with a higher torque than the predetermined torque setpoint.
  • a torque setpoint can be set, which is converted into a maximum value of the electric motor current. The higher the maximum value of the electric motor current is set, the lower may be the maximum speed of the electric motor.
  • the electric motor is powered by the AC mains. It is based on the knowledge that the electric motor provides a maximum and specific torque under load at standstill, this torque depends on the provided voltage or the load current according to the respective motor characteristic.
  • the setting of the average operating voltage of the electric motor is carried out with a switching element, which is realized for example as a triac.
  • the average operating voltage of the electric motor or the load current can be adjusted with a potentiometer, whereby the maximum torque at engine standstill or at low engine speeds is changeable and adjustable.
  • the tightening torque setpoint is achieved at a low speed or even when the wrench is stopped, thus avoiding overshoot of the torque setpoint by an overrun.
  • a battery-operated small screwdriver which includes a switching element which shuts off the electric motor by shorting.
  • the switching element is actuated by a depth stop.
  • the abrupt deceleration of the electric motor reduces overshoot.
  • short-circuiting of the electric motor is possible only at comparatively low torques to be delivered, for example, 100 Nm and low-power electric motors, even in low-power electric motors in the case of short-circuiting a high-speed rotating electric motor with a significant short-circuit current and the related electromagnetic interference must be expected.
  • the short-circuit current loads both a collector of a DC motor realized as an electric motor and the switching element used for shorting the electric motor to a considerable extent.
  • DE 103 45 135 A1 is a small battery-powered screwdriver described that contains a lithium-ion battery for power.
  • the freewheeling circuit can be realized, for example, as a switched freewheeling circuit in which, for example, a MOS field effect transistor connected in parallel with the electric motor is switched on simultaneously with the switching off of the power supply and thus bridges the electric motor, so that the motor current can be reduced.
  • the freewheeling circuit is realized with a parallel to the electric motor connected freewheeling diode.
  • Such a freewheeling circuit only allows the further flow of the motor current after switching off the power supply, wherein the voltage at the motor is not defined in the active freewheeling circuit, but by the Forward voltage of the current-carrying freewheeling device used depends, which is highly temperature-dependent and in particular depends on the amount of freewheeling current.
  • DE 201 13 184 U1 and for example the DE 196 47 813 A1 are provided as hand tool machines designed electric motor driven screwdriver, each having a support arm for providing a counter torque when tightening or loosening screw.
  • Such screwdrivers are referred to as power wrenches, because the torque provided can amount to, for example, 10,000 Nm, which could not be applied without the support arm of an operator of the power wrench.
  • the support arm With increasing torque during the screwing process, the support arm deforms elastically, whereby the support arm absorbs energy.
  • the support arm clamps the screwdriver on the screw connection.
  • the support arm takes not only the energy occurring during the screwing, but also after the shutdown of the power wrench still in the rotating masses such as the electric motor and in particular the transmission existing rotational energy by deforming.
  • the tension can be achieved for example by a slip clutch, which mechanically disengages when reaching the torque setpoint.
  • the drive unit can release the voltage by setting a defined power.
  • the greatly different mass ratio of the rotating drive unit with respect to the transmission mass has a negative effect on the transmission and the electric motor.
  • Support arm can store stored energy controlled, so that the power wrench can be removed from the screw. Due to the generally high reduction ratio of the transmission can not be ruled out that the electric motor starts due to the energy stored in the support arm to rotate counter to the drive direction.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a power screwdriver, in particular a battery-powered power wrench, which allows a safe degradation of the energy stored in the support arm after switching off the power wrench.
  • the power wrench according to the invention has an electric motor and a drive circuit which electronically shuts off the electric motor upon reaching a set torque setpoint with a shutdown signal. Furthermore, a support arm is provided, which receives energy during the screwing process.
  • the power wrench according to the invention is characterized by a voltage limiter circuit which limits the motor voltage occurring at the electric motor of the energy stored in the support arm as a generator operated, rotating counter to the drive direction of the electric motor to a predetermined limiting voltage.
  • the voltage limiter circuit provided according to the invention initially ensures that the energy stored in the support arm during the screwing operation can be consumed after the electric motor has been switched off when the torque setpoint is reached by driving the electric motor via the transmission in generator operation, the electric motor being below the predetermined value Limiting voltage in a wide speed range no significant counter-torque builds.
  • the voltage limiter circuit provided according to the invention protects the drive circuit against inadmissibly high voltages, which could occur at a high energy stored in the support arm after switching off the electric motor upon reaching the torque setpoint corresponding to a high speed of the electric motor in the generator mode.
  • the limiting voltage corresponds in magnitude to at least the nominal operating voltage of the electric motor. On the one hand, this results in a sufficient speed range during generator operation without a current flow occurring which can only occur when the limiting voltage is reached. On the other hand, components with comparatively low permissible maximum operating voltages can be used, since the total occurring during operation of the electric motor motor voltages is limited in terms of the nominal operating voltage of the electric motor.
  • the limiting voltage corresponds at most to the permissible DC protective voltage for electrical appliances.
  • the protective extra-low voltage in the sense of the present application corresponds to the voltage which is legally permitted without special provisions for electrical insulation must be met.
  • the protective low voltage is for example 42 volts.
  • FIG. 1 A first realization possibility sees two in series, against each other poled Zener diodes before. Another possibility of realization provides for a bipolar limiter diode.
  • Another possibility for realization provides for the use of a voltage limiter circuit which contains an electronic load.
  • the varistor can briefly absorb and thermally dissipate a comparatively high power.
  • the drive circuit provides the shutdown signal upon reaching the set torque setpoint based on a comparison of the torque setpoint with a torque actual value obtained from the electric motor current.
  • the detection of the electric motor current which is used as the basis for a measure of the torque provided by the screwdriver, can be done with simple circuit technology and is therefore considerably cheaper than a mechanical solution such as a slip clutch.
  • the power wrench according to the invention provides as a power source for the electric motor before a lithium-based accumulator due to its comparatively high energy density.
  • the falling during operation of the power wrench supply voltage due to the decreasing battery voltage during the discharge process is Advantageously compensated by a Akkunapsabfall compensation circuit, so that the falling operating voltage has no influence on the achievement of the set torque setpoint.
  • the Akkunapsabfall compensation circuit either increases the preset torque setpoint with decreasing battery voltage or reduces the indirectly detected on the basis of the electric motor current torque actual value. This virtually shifts the characteristic curve of the electric motor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sketch of a power wrench 10 which includes an electric motor 12 which drives a socket 16 via a gear 14.
  • the power wrench 10 includes a support arm 18 which provides a counter-torque during the screwing operation.
  • a battery-powered power wrench 10 which includes an accumulator 20 which is housed in a battery part 22.
  • the commissioning of the power wrench 10 is carried out with a switch 24.
  • a drive circuit 26 is provided for controlling the electric motor 12.
  • a DC motor 12 is assumed, which is preferably driven by a pulse width modulated signal which determines the average operating voltage of the electric motor 12.
  • a pulse width modulator 30 is shown that provides a pulse width modulated signal s_PWM that either fully opens or completely closes a switching element 32, such as a MOS field effect transistor.
  • the period duration and / or the pulse duration of the pulse width modulated signal s_PWM can be variable.
  • the duty cycle of the pulse width modulated signal s_PWM which reflects the ratio of duty cycle to period, sets the average operating voltage of the electric motor 12 fixed thereby allows influencing the power provided to the electric motor 12 or the rotational speed of the electric motor 12th
  • a motor current i_Mot flows as a function of the pulse duty factor of the pulse width modulated signal s_PWM, as a function of the supply voltage u_Batt and as a function of the load of the electric motor 12.
  • the motor current i_Mot is used as a measure of the torque applied by the electric motor 12 and thus as a measure of the torque provided by the power wrench 10 on the socket 16.
  • the motor current i_Mot is detected with a shunt 34, which is realized as a low-resistance of, for example, 0.01 ohms.
  • the voltage drop u_Sens which occurs as a measure of the motor current i_Mot at the shunt 34 is amplified in a sensor signal conditioning 36 and fed to a signal smoothing 38 as a measure for the torque actual value md_Ist, which provides a smoothed actual torque value mdm_Ist of a screwdriver shutdown 40 ,
  • the sensor signal conditioning 36 contains, for example, a Op Amp connected as a differential amplifier.
  • the signal smoothing 38 is realized, for example, as a resistor-capacitor combination which has a low-pass filter function or an integrating property, which leads to a sliding averaging.
  • the optionally provided signal smoothing 38 largely suppresses noise and current spikes, which can lead to an erroneous shutdown of the power wrench 10.
  • the screwdriver shutdown 40 is realized, for example, with a comparator-connected OpAmp, to which the smoothed torque actual value mdm_Ist or the actual torque value md_Ist and a torque setpoint input 42 provided torque setpoint Md_Soll are made available.
  • the torque setpoint input 42 is preferably a potentiometer whose setting wheel, which is accessible to an operator of the power wrench 10, is labeled with the different torque setpoints to be specified.
  • the screwdriver shutdown 40 provides a stop signal s_stop, which is made available to the pulse width modulator 30.
  • the pulse width modulator 30 terminates the provision of the pulse width modulated signal s_PWM, whereby the switching element 32 is permanently closed and the electric motor 12 and the power wrench 10 is turned off.
  • the battery 20 is provided, which is preferably realized as a lithium-based battery 20, which is characterized by a high energy density distinguishes.
  • a lithium-based battery 20 which is characterized by a high energy density distinguishes.
  • the battery 20 provides the supply voltage u_Batt.
  • a battery voltage drop compensation circuit 44 which compensates the influence of a sinking supply voltage u_Batt on reaching the set torque setpoint Md_Soll.
  • the supply voltage u_Batt could be directly stabilized and kept constant, but power semiconductor devices would be required, which are relatively expensive on the one hand and, on the other hand, because of the high expected currents to 100 A, for example, are too voluminous to be housed in power wrench 10 can ,
  • the battery voltage drop compensation circuit 44 therefore preferably intervenes in the screwdriver shut-off 40 with a compensation signal s_Batt_Komp, wherein when the supply voltage u_Batt drops, either the torque setpoint Md_Soll is increased or the actual torque value md_Ist is reduced.
  • the battery voltage drop compensation circuit 44 may include, for example, a reference voltage source to which the supply voltage u_Batt is compared. With decreasing difference between the reference voltage and the supply voltage u_Batt during the discharge process of the battery 20, the compensation signal s_Batt_ Komp is constantly increased, wherein the increase of a virtual reduction of the motor current i_Mot corresponds to the actual lower motor current i_Mot with decreasing supply voltage u_Batt to compensate for the signal evaluation.
  • the support arm 18 provides the required counter-torque to the torque transmitted by the socket 16 to the screw connection.
  • the support arm 18 is to fix the preparation of the screwing on a suitable support.
  • the screwing occurs depending on the increasing torque correspondingly increasing deformation of the support arm 18, which corresponds to a storage of energy.
  • the stored energy in the support arm 18 has after switching off the screwdriver 10 on reaching the predetermined torque setpoint Md_Soll the maximum value.
  • the socket 16 and thus the entire power wrench 10 is clamped on the screw.
  • the energy stored in the support arm 18 causes the electric motor 12, starting from the socket 16, to be driven backwards via the gear 14, wherein the electric motor 12 in the The direction opposite to the drive direction begins to rotate.
  • the electric motor 12 is therefore operated as a generator in the degradation of stored energy in the support arm 18.
  • the electric motor 12 should be able to rotate freely without applying a counter-torque, which would complicate and extend the discharge process.
  • the electric motor 12 should therefore not be short-circuited or low-resistance bridged in this operating condition, which would occur even at a low generator voltage, a high motor current i_Mot, corresponding to a high counter-torque. It should be noted here that in generator mode the motor voltage u_Mot reverses due to the other direction of rotation and the motor current i_Mot therefore flows in the opposite direction, provided that the current path is available.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 46 is provided, which limits the motor voltage u_Mot occurring at the electric motor 12 of the electric motor 12 operating as a generator when the energy stored in the support arm 18 is reduced to a predetermined limiting voltage u_Lim.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 46 is not comparable to a freewheel which essentially short circuits only the electric motor 12.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 46 allows the targeted specification of the limiting voltage u_Lim, so that the electric motor 12 during generator operation in the annihilation of the energy stored in the support arm 18 at least until reaching the limiting voltage u_Lim generates no counter-torque.
  • a motor current i_Mot occurs in the reverse direction compared to the normal operation only when the motor voltage u_Mot in the generator operation, the limiting voltage u_Lim tries to exceed.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 46 can take over the function of a freewheel, wherein during the freewheel, in which the direction of the motor current i_Mot does not turn around, the limiting voltage u_Lim occurs as a motor voltage u_Mot.
  • a not shown in detail switched freewheel be provided, which is driven by the pulse width modulated signal s_PWM.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 46 can be realized in different ways. At the in FIG. 3a shown embodiment, the voltage limiter circuit 46 includes two series-connected, mutually poled Zener diodes 50, 52.
  • the breakdown voltages are preferably set equal. Apart from the forward bias voltages of the diodes 50, 52, the breakdown voltages are at least approximately equal to the clipping voltage u_Lim in both the positive and negative directions. In principle, different limiting voltages can be predetermined by a corresponding selection of the breakdown voltages of the zener diodes 50, 52 as a function of the polarity.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 46 includes a bipolar voltage limiter diode 54, which is also referred to as TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor).
  • Thechrosbesky diode 54 includes the two Zener diodes 50, 52 integrated into a single component, which is thus less expensive than individual Zener diodes and in particular can be equipped with less effort on a circuit board, resulting in further cost advantages in mass production.
  • the voltage limiter circuit 46 includes a varistor 56.
  • the embodiment shown is based on a voltage limitation with an analog electronic load 58.
  • the electronic load 58 can be realized with a transistor 60 which is connected in series with a loss resistor 62.
  • a comparator 64 is provided, the motor voltage u_Mot as a measuring voltage u_Mess with the predetermined limiting voltage u_Lim compares and, depending on the comparison, opens the transistor 60 more or less.
  • the voltage at the voltage limiter circuit 46 is regulated to the limiting voltage u_Lim and thus limited.
  • the varistor 56 can absorb and derive a higher energy at least in the short term. Depending on the requirements, therefore, a combination of diodes or transistors 50, 52, 54, 60 and a varistor 60 may be provided.
  • the limiting voltage u_Lim is initially set to a value at which no limitation of the motor voltage u_Mot can occur in the normal drive mode of the electric motor 12.
  • the limiting voltage u_Lim is thus set to a value of at least 28 volts in a 28 volt electric motor 12. Since the motor voltage u_Mot reverses in generator operation of the electric motor 12, the voltage limiter circuit 46 must provide the limiting voltage u_Lim, in particular for the motor voltage u_Mot with reversed polarity, since the risk of overvoltage exists in generator operation in particular.
  • the positive potential of the motor voltage u_Mot on the switching element 32 while the negative potential is applied to the battery 20.
  • the same amount of the limiting voltage u_Lim which corresponds to at least the magnitude of the rated operating voltage of the electric motor 12, is predetermined for both polarities of the motor voltage u_Mot.
  • At least the effective in generator mode of the electric motor 12 limiting voltage u_Lim to the value of so-called protective extra-low voltage, which may be established by law.
  • a protective low voltage in this sense should be defined by the fact that on an electrical device, in the present case the power wrench 10, live parts that can be touched must not exceed the protective extra-low voltage. If this could be the case, special measures must be taken to protect against contact.
  • the protective low voltage is for example 42 volts.
  • the limiting voltage u_Lim set for the protective low voltage is also set to the same amount for both polarities of the motor voltage u_Mot.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
EP08757968A 2007-04-23 2008-04-21 Kraftschrauber Not-in-force EP2139645B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007019408A DE102007019408B3 (de) 2007-04-23 2007-04-23 Kraftschrauber
PCT/DE2008/000677 WO2008128525A2 (de) 2007-04-23 2008-04-21 Kraftschrauber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2139645A2 EP2139645A2 (de) 2010-01-06
EP2139645B1 true EP2139645B1 (de) 2011-07-06

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ID=39754453

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08757968A Not-in-force EP2139645B1 (de) 2007-04-23 2008-04-21 Kraftschrauber

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US8171827B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2139645B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101754835B (zh)
AR (1) AR066255A1 (zh)
AT (1) ATE515376T1 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0810663B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2684787C (zh)
CL (1) CL2008001168A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102007019408B3 (zh)
DK (1) DK2139645T3 (zh)
RU (1) RU2469838C2 (zh)
TW (1) TWI428209B (zh)
WO (1) WO2008128525A2 (zh)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0810663A2 (pt) 2014-11-04
BRPI0810663B1 (pt) 2019-08-27
CL2008001168A1 (es) 2008-10-03
BRPI0810663A8 (pt) 2019-01-15
TW200900202A (en) 2009-01-01
EP2139645A2 (de) 2010-01-06
US8171827B2 (en) 2012-05-08
TWI428209B (zh) 2014-03-01
WO2008128525A3 (de) 2008-12-24
WO2008128525A2 (de) 2008-10-30
CN101754835B (zh) 2013-09-18
CA2684787C (en) 2015-06-16
US20100101381A1 (en) 2010-04-29
ATE515376T1 (de) 2011-07-15
CA2684787A1 (en) 2008-10-30
DK2139645T3 (da) 2011-10-17
DE102007019408B3 (de) 2008-11-27
AR066255A1 (es) 2009-08-05
RU2469838C2 (ru) 2012-12-20
CN101754835A (zh) 2010-06-23
RU2009142993A (ru) 2011-05-27

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