EP2138766B1 - Procédé destiné à l'injection d'une matière dans une cuvette d'une installation d'incinération des déchets - Google Patents

Procédé destiné à l'injection d'une matière dans une cuvette d'une installation d'incinération des déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2138766B1
EP2138766B1 EP08011324.4A EP08011324A EP2138766B1 EP 2138766 B1 EP2138766 B1 EP 2138766B1 EP 08011324 A EP08011324 A EP 08011324A EP 2138766 B1 EP2138766 B1 EP 2138766B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
substance
nozzle
propellant
reducing agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP08011324.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2138766A1 (fr
Inventor
Roland Halter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
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Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Zosen Innova AG filed Critical Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
Priority to ES08011324.4T priority Critical patent/ES2573638T3/es
Priority to PL08011324.4T priority patent/PL2138766T3/pl
Priority to EP08011324.4A priority patent/EP2138766B1/fr
Priority to JP2009145230A priority patent/JP5614523B2/ja
Priority to US12/489,346 priority patent/US20100154690A1/en
Priority to US12/564,032 priority patent/US8763540B2/en
Publication of EP2138766A1 publication Critical patent/EP2138766A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2138766B1 publication Critical patent/EP2138766B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for injecting a substance into a boiler of a waste incineration plant according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 9.
  • reducing agents in aqueous solution eg ammonia water or urea
  • gaseous eg ammonia
  • the optimum temperature range is approximately between 850 ° C and 950 ° C.
  • the corresponding area of the boiler is also referred to as a secondary combustion chamber.
  • WO 91/17814 discloses a method according to which a means for the reduction of pollutants is injected at a temperature in a flue gas passage, in which the pollutants are effectively reduced.
  • the nozzles are arranged in different, distributed over the height zones.
  • DE-C-3722523 proposed a nozzle assembly on a vertically displaceable lance stick over which the location of the ammonia feed can be adjusted.
  • WO 91/06506 discloses a system for reducing nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel.
  • a treatment agent is introduced into the exhaust gas by means of injectors which are fed by a mixer.
  • DE-A-4434943 discloses a method in which the optimal temperature for the reduction temperature level is determined in the boiler via temperature sensors and the nozzles for supplying the reducing agent are aligned accordingly.
  • the DE 20 2006 013 152 a conduit arrangement for several atomizer lances on a boiler, through which an additive is fed into the boiler.
  • the feed quantity of the additive for each atomizing lance is set in a distributor.
  • every single two-substance lance or two-fluid nozzle has its own feed for the additive and its own feed for the compressed air, its construction is relatively complicated.
  • two-substance lances or two-substance nozzles have relatively large dimensions, which makes their installation in the boiler of an incinerator difficult.
  • ammonia is injected, then in the systems based on two-substance nozzles it is usually present in a very dilute solution in the form of ammonia water in order to produce a to ensure uniform distribution of the ammonia to the individual two-fluid nozzles.
  • softened water is generally used in order to minimize lime deposits in the nozzle or in the liquid line leading to it.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to provide a simple method for injecting a substance which is a reducing agent for the reduction of nitrogen oxides into a boiler of a waste incineration plant, which makes it possible to set the desired amount of substance for individual injection sites in a targeted manner and this setting rapidly adapt.
  • the substance to be injected is passed, starting from at least one distributor, via lines which branch off from the distributor to a respective nozzle assigned to the respective line.
  • the quantity of substance to be passed to the respective nozzle is set in the distributor.
  • the method of the present invention is used primarily for the above-mentioned SNCR methods.
  • the substance to be injected is therefore a reducing agent for the reduction of nitrogen oxides, in particular ammonia or urea.
  • the invention makes it possible to individually set the amount of reducing agent to be injected as a function of the prevailing temperature profile in the boiler for each nozzle. This can ensure that the reducing agent is mainly injected there, where the optimum temperature range for the reduction exists. This means that at a high reduction rate of nitrogen oxides, the slip and thus also the consumption of reducing agent is minimized, resulting overall in a very economical and ecological operation.
  • this change is made steplessly, i.e., in a state of change. continuous, performed.
  • the nozzles are arranged in a plurality, preferably at least three horizontal (and thus generally aligned transversely to the flow direction of the flue gas) nozzle planes.
  • the amount of substance to be injected can be shifted continuously from a first nozzle plane to a further nozzle plane, i. that it is infinitely reduced in a first horizontal nozzle level and simultaneously increased continuously on a further horizontal nozzle level. This makes it possible to respond optimally to temporal temperature fluctuations in the case of SNCR methods, which is not possible in the case of an abrupt nozzle level changeover and the resulting undefined transition states in this manner.
  • the invention further makes it possible to carry out said stepless change or displacement very quickly.
  • this is made possible by the fact that, according to the method according to the invention, a central dilution of the substance, as is carried out, for example, in the two-substance nozzle-based SNCR method, is not necessary is.
  • the present invention allows itself to adequately respond to short-term temperature changes.
  • the total quantity of reducing agent to be injected is regulated as a function of the nitrogen oxide content present in the flue gas after the boiler.
  • means for determining the nitrogen oxide content are arranged downstream of the boiler. The determined nitrogen oxide content is compared to control the required total amount of reducing agent with a predetermined setpoint.
  • the amount of reducing agent to be passed to the respective nozzle is generally controlled as a function of the temperature profile in the boiler.
  • the reducing agent is mainly injected where the optimal temperature range for the reduction exists.
  • any temperature measuring device in question which is suitable for this purpose.
  • Corresponding temperature measuring devices are known to the person skilled in the art. So-called radiation pyrometers, which allow an accurate measurement of the gas temperature, are particularly preferably used as temperature measuring devices.
  • the temperature gradient falling in the flow direction of the flue gas can be determined by means of an algorithm known to the person skilled in the art. By determining the temperature at a defined point, the be determined in the boiler temperature profile in the flow direction.
  • the temperature profile in the boiler is particularly preferably determined by means of at least two temperature measuring devices. It is conceivable, for example, that at least two temperature measuring devices are provided per distributor.
  • the amount of locally required reducing agent also depends on the local flow rate, since at a high flow rate more reducing agent is needed than at a low flow rate. In this regard, it is conceivable additionally to regulate the amount of reducing agent to be passed to the respective nozzle as a function of the flow velocity distribution of the flue gas in the boiler. It is usually sufficient to determine the flow rate once.
  • the adjustment of the reducing agent quantity to be conducted to the individual nozzles takes place according to the invention in the distributor. Specifically, the metered reducing agent is supplied to the propellant stream and that according to the invention before the branching of the line leading to the respective nozzle. Thus, therefore, before the branching there is a mixture containing the blowing agent and the reducing agent.
  • a distribution of the amount of blowing agent takes place.
  • a first amount of blowing agent is set for the nozzles acted upon by the reducing agent, while a second blowing agent quantity for cooling the said nozzles is set for the nozzles not acted upon by the reducing agent.
  • the means known to those skilled in the art are suitable, which are suitable for the corresponding purposes.
  • the amount of reducing agent or blowing agent can be adjusted by means of control valves.
  • the reducing agent is preferably in aqueous solution.
  • aqueous solution In the case of dissolved ammonia is therefore called ammonia water.
  • a commercial ammonia solution is used, e.g. a 25% ammonia solution.
  • any other solution is also conceivable which liberates ammonia at the temperatures present in the vessel, e.g. a solution containing an ammonium salt such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium formate and / or ammonium oxalate.
  • the blowing agent used is preferably air or steam.
  • ammonia water to be injected is atomised into droplets when it is fed into the air stream and then distributed immediately afterwards to the individual nozzles or to the respective lines leading to the nozzles. Any coalescing droplets are atomized again in the sonic nozzle.
  • nozzle nozzle pressure of about 1 to 5 bar is usually set so that the ammonia water or evaporating in the boiler ammonia can penetrate far enough into the flue gas stream.
  • Those nozzles that are not in operation, i. are not acted upon with ammonia are flowed through for cooling with a smaller amount of air.
  • a first air flow is adjusted for the nozzles acted upon by the ammonia water, while for those nozzles which are not in operation, another, compared to the first air flow lower air flow is set.
  • the branching from the manifold, leading to the respective nozzles lines are usually in the form of tubes, as they are known in the art for the corresponding purposes.
  • nozzles for example, round jet nozzles or fan nozzles can be used, with other suitable nozzles are known in the art.
  • an alternate arrangement of round jet nozzles with fan nozzles is conceivable.
  • Fig. 1 the device 2 is associated with a boiler 4 of a waste incineration plant, which is traversed by the flue gas combustion.
  • the flow direction of the flue gas is shown by means of parallel arrows 6.
  • the device 2 comprises a distributor 8.
  • a distributor 8 In this opens a supply line 10 for supplying a substance, in particular a reducing agent for the reduction of nitrogen oxides, and a supply line 12 for supplying a propellant.
  • three nozzles 14a, 14d, 14g and 14b, 14e, 14h and 14c, 14f, 14i are arranged one above the other and thus each in a vertical nozzle plane.
  • the distributor is also associated with two temperature measuring devices 18a, 18b, based on which the present in the boiler 4 temperature profile - as described above - is determined continuously in two dimensions.
  • the quantity of reducing agent to be passed to the respective nozzle 16a-i is set in distributor 2 and combined with the blowing agent.
  • the propellant flow containing the metered amount of reducing agent is subsequently conducted via the respective line 14a-i to the nozzle 16a-i at the desired injection point where it is injected into the boiler 4.
  • the non-pressurized with the reducing agent nozzles are cooled with a set also in the distributor 8, lower amount of blowing agent.
  • the reducing agents used in the described SNCR process are preferably ammonia water, which is supplied to a propellant stream of air or steam.
  • the distribution of the ammonia water takes place in such a way that it is injected in the optimum temperature range of 850 to 950 ° C. for the reduction of nitrogen oxides.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates further, according to which the temperature distribution for conventional boiler usually from about 1000 to 1100 ° C in the lowest part of the boiler, ie at about 2 to 4 m above the grate, to about 700 to 900 ° C in the uppermost region of the boiler, ie at about 20 to 40 m above the grid.
  • the region overlapping with the dark shaded, optimal temperature range of the SNCR process corresponds to that region of the boiler in which the nozzles distributed on the three horizontal nozzle planes are for optimal reduction of nitrogen oxides should be in operation.
  • nozzle levels are arranged at irregular intervals from each other. Depending on the boiler but also a regular arrangement of the nozzle levels is conceivable.
  • the diagram for a corresponding boiler provides information about the arrangement of the nozzle levels to be selected in order to ensure injection in the preferred temperature range.
  • a concrete embodiment for the metered addition of ammonia water for an SNCR process is shown in Table 1.
  • the boiler is divided into four boiler sectors, namely a rear left (HL) boiler sector, a rear right (HR) boiler sector, a left front boiler sector (VL) and a front right boiler (VR) sector.
  • the nozzles are arranged in the boiler sectors on three horizontal nozzle levels.
  • the temperature is determined by means of a radiation pyrometer at a given point.
  • the temperature of the individual nozzle levels in the boiler sectors can be determined on the basis of the respective measured temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Méthode destinée à l'injection d'une matière dans une chaudière (4) d'une installation d'incinération de déchets en utilisant un agent propulseur gazeux,
    dans laquelle la matière, partant d'au moins un distributeur (8) au moyen de conduites (14a-i) qui se ramifient à partir du distributeur (8), est conduite vers chaque fois une buse (16a-i) associée à chaque conduite (14a-i), au moyen de laquelle la matière et l'agent propulseur sont injectés dans la chaudière (4), et la quantité de matière à conduire vers chaque buse (16a-i) est ajustée dans le distributeur (8),
    dans laquelle la matière et l'agent propulseur sont combinés avant la ramification de chaque conduite (14a-i), et la matière est un réducteur pour la réduction de l'oxyde d'azote,
    caractérisée en ce qu'une première quantité d'agent propulseur est ajustée pour les buses qui sont alimentées en réducteur, alors que pour les buses qui ne sont pas alimentées en réducteur une deuxième quantité d'agent propulseur est ajustée pour le refroidissement desdites buses.
  2. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, lors d'un changement dans l'ajustement de la quantité de matière à conduire vers chaque buse (16ai), celui-ci est réalisé de façon continue.
  3. Méthode selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la matière est de l'ammoniac ou de l'urée.
  4. Méthode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la quantité totale de réducteur à injecter est ajustée en fonction de la teneur en oxyde d'azote présente après la chaudière (4) dans le gaz de fumée.
  5. Méthode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la quantité de réducteur à conduire vers chaque buse (16a-i) est ajustée en fonction du profil de température dans la chaudière (4).
  6. Méthode selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le profil de température dans la chaudière est déterminé au moyen d'au moins deux appareils de mesure de température (18a, b).
  7. Méthode selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que des pyromètres à rayonnement sont utilisés comme appareils de mesure de température (18a, b).
  8. Méthode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que de l'air ou de la vapeur d'eau est utilisée comme agent propulseur.
  9. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de la méthode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant au moins un distributeur (8), duquel des conduites (14a-i) se ramifient, qui conduisent chacune à une buse (16a-i) pour l'injection de la matière et de l'agent propulseur dans la chaudière (4), dans lequel des moyens pour l'ajustement de la quantité de matière à conduire vers chaque buse (16a-i) sont associés au distributeur (8), dans lequel le dispositif comprend des moyens pour la combinaison de la matière et de l'agent propulseur avant la ramification de chaque conduite (14a-i) à partir du distributeur, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est conçu de façon à ajuster une première quantité d'agent propulseur pour les buses qui sont alimentées en réducteur et à ajuster une deuxième quantité d'agent propulseur pour les buses qui ne sont pas alimentées en réducteur pour leur refroidissement.
EP08011324.4A 2008-06-23 2008-06-23 Procédé destiné à l'injection d'une matière dans une cuvette d'une installation d'incinération des déchets Active EP2138766B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES08011324.4T ES2573638T3 (es) 2008-06-23 2008-06-23 Procedimiento para inyectar una sustancia en una caldera de una planta de incineración de basuras
PL08011324.4T PL2138766T3 (pl) 2008-06-23 2008-06-23 Sposób wtryskiwania substancji do kotła instalacji spalania odpadów
EP08011324.4A EP2138766B1 (fr) 2008-06-23 2008-06-23 Procédé destiné à l'injection d'une matière dans une cuvette d'une installation d'incinération des déchets
JP2009145230A JP5614523B2 (ja) 2008-06-23 2009-06-18 ごみ焼却場のボイラー内に物質を注入する方法
US12/489,346 US20100154690A1 (en) 2008-06-23 2009-06-22 Method for injecting a substance into a boiler of a garbage incineration plant
US12/564,032 US8763540B2 (en) 2008-06-23 2009-09-21 Method for injecting a substance into a boiler of a waste incineration plant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08011324.4A EP2138766B1 (fr) 2008-06-23 2008-06-23 Procédé destiné à l'injection d'une matière dans une cuvette d'une installation d'incinération des déchets

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2138766A1 EP2138766A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
EP2138766B1 true EP2138766B1 (fr) 2016-03-30

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EP08011324.4A Active EP2138766B1 (fr) 2008-06-23 2008-06-23 Procédé destiné à l'injection d'une matière dans une cuvette d'une installation d'incinération des déchets

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Country Link
US (1) US20100154690A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2138766B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5614523B2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2573638T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2138766T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8317390B2 (en) * 2010-02-03 2012-11-27 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Stepped down gas mixing device
JP5812630B2 (ja) * 2011-03-02 2015-11-17 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物焼却プラント
FI126149B (en) 2014-06-04 2016-07-15 Amec Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Arrangement and method for feeding ammonia-containing liquid into the exhaust duct of an incineration plant and an incineration plant

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WO1991006506A1 (fr) * 1987-03-06 1991-05-16 Fuel Tech, Inc. Systeme de reduction efficace des oxydes azotes dans un effluent
DE3722523C1 (en) 1987-07-08 1988-06-30 Babcock Anlagen Ag Furnace with nozzles for blowing in ammonia for selective noncatalytic flue gas denitration (SNCR)
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DE4434943C2 (de) 1994-09-30 1998-08-27 Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Reduzierung des NO¶x¶-Gehaltes bei gleichzeitiger Minimierung des Reduktionsmittelschlupfes in Ab- bzw. Rauchgasen von Verbrennungs- und Produktionsprozessen
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2573638T3 (es) 2016-06-09
PL2138766T3 (pl) 2016-09-30
JP2010002175A (ja) 2010-01-07
EP2138766A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
US20100154690A1 (en) 2010-06-24
JP5614523B2 (ja) 2014-10-29

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