EP2135315A2 - Système de pile à combustible à ligne de recirculation - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible à ligne de recirculation

Info

Publication number
EP2135315A2
EP2135315A2 EP08734376A EP08734376A EP2135315A2 EP 2135315 A2 EP2135315 A2 EP 2135315A2 EP 08734376 A EP08734376 A EP 08734376A EP 08734376 A EP08734376 A EP 08734376A EP 2135315 A2 EP2135315 A2 EP 2135315A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
reformate
reformer
fuel
cell system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08734376A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert GÜNTHER
Andreas Reinert
Stefan Käding
Björn Erik MAI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enerday GmbH
Staxera GmbH
Original Assignee
Enerday GmbH
Staxera GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enerday GmbH, Staxera GmbH filed Critical Enerday GmbH
Publication of EP2135315A2 publication Critical patent/EP2135315A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system with a reformer for generating a reformate of fuel and oxidant, a fuel cell for converting the reformate into depleted reformate and electrical energy, and a Rezirkulationsstrang for partially returning lead the depleted reformate to the reformer.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system, comprising the steps of producing a reformate from fuel and oxidizing agent by means of a reformer; Converting the reformate into depleted reformate and electrical energy by means of a fuel cell; and partially returning the depleted reformate to the reformer in a recirculation strand.
  • Fuel cell systems serve in a well-known way the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Fuel cell systems must be able to process common fuels in practice. Since hydrogen and oxygen are converted in a fuel cell, the fuel used must be prepared so that the gas supplied to the anode of the fuel cell has the highest possible proportion of hydrogen. On the cathode side, atmospheric oxygen is supplied to the fuel cell in most cases. For this purpose, fuel and an oxidizing agent, preferably air, are fed to a reformer. In the reformer then takes place a reaction of the fuel with the oxygen, wherein preferably the process of partial oxidation is carried out.
  • EP 1 557 896 A1 discloses a fuel cell system with the features of the preamble of claim 1. In this fuel cell system, a reformate gas is returned to a reformer, which leaves a fuel cell on the output side. However, this system has a complex structure.
  • the fuel cell system builds on the generic state of the art in that a conveyor is provided by means of which both the fuel and the depleted reformate of the recirculation lationsstranges the reformer can be fed.
  • a conveyor which supplies the reformer both the fuel and the depleted reformate, additional conveyors could be saved.
  • such a structure also allows a simplified control, since by increasing the delivery rate of the conveyor automatically the fuel delivery rate and the delivery rate of the depleted reformate is increased, so that when a flow rate change, not the individual strands must be coordinated with each other. The delivery rate of the recirculated depleted reformate is thus controlled via the delivery rate of the fuel supplied.
  • a flow control valve is provided upstream of the conveyor to control the supply of fuel and depleted reformate to the conveyor independently.
  • This structure makes it possible to set the ratio of fuel to recirculation flow by varying the two valve positions relative to each other and the variation of the speed of the conveyor.
  • this interconnection has the advantage that a high flexibility in the adjustment of the gas composition in the reformer can be achieved, whereby a high flexibility of the fuel cell system in response to load changes can be achieved. Since this ratio also has an influence on the temperature of the reformer, it can be operated by the setting in a desired temperature range.
  • the provision of separate control valves is also less expensive than providing separate conveyors in each strand.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention can be further developed by providing a heat exchanger for cooling the depleted reformate in the recirculation train.
  • a heat exchanger for cooling the depleted reformate in the recirculation train.
  • components in the recirculation line such as, for example, the valve or the conveyor, would have to be designed for temperatures of up to 850 ° C., which greatly increases the system complexity and makes it difficult to locate such components at all.
  • high application temperatures lead to high wear on mechanical components.
  • an oxidant strand leads through the heat exchanger, which leads oxidizing agent to the reformer, to the fuel cell or to an afterburner.
  • a media stream already present in the fuel cell system can be used to cool the recycled, depleted reformate. Additional fans for cooling down the recirculation flow can thus be saved.
  • the invention provides a method of controlling such a fuel cell system.
  • this can advantageously be distinguished by closing the flow control valve in the recirculation line during the start or shutdown of the fuel cell system.
  • This measure makes it possible to deactivate the recirculation line for the start of the fuel cell system, to which insufficiently depleted reformate is available, or to shut down the fuel cell system, so that advantageous conditions can be created for these operating states.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the fuel cell system 10 according to the invention.
  • the fuel cell system 10 comprises a reformer 12 to which fuel can be fed from a delivery device 14 and a deflated reformate which will be explained later.
  • a fan or all suitable types of pumps such as rotary vane pumps for gases, can be used.
  • a flow control valve 16 is provided upstream of the conveyor 14 and upstream of a recombining point 18 at which the recirculated depleted reformate is introduced.
  • the fuel is preferably a gas.
  • the reformer 12 is supplied by means of a reformer 20 Oxidizer.
  • the reformer 12 converts the materials supplied via the delivery device 14 and the reforming fan 20, preferably under partial oxidation, into a reformate which can be supplied to a fuel cell 22.
  • a fuel cell stack can also be provided.
  • the reformate is a hydrogen-containing gas which is converted in the fuel cell 22 into electric power, heat and depleted reformate by means of cathode air delivered by a fuel cell fan 24.
  • the output side of the fuel cell 22 discharged depleted reformate is divided into two strands.
  • a portion of the depleted anode exhaust gas is fed to a Nachbren- ner 26, which is associated with a Nachbrennerbläse 28.
  • the depleted reformate is reacted with air conveyed through the afterburner fan 28 to form a combustion exhaust gas which contains virtually no pollutants.
  • the other part of the depleted reformate is fed via a recirculation line 30. next passed through a heat exchanger 32 and a Reformatküh- ler. This heat exchanger 32 cools the recirculated depleted reformate to, for example, 150 ° C.
  • the recirculation flow can advantageously be cooled via the heat exchanger 32 by a medium flow which is already present in the fuel cell system 10.
  • Suitable media streams are, for example, the media streams taken in by the reformer fan 20, the fuel cell fan 24 and / or the afterburner fan 28.
  • the recirculation flow via a flow control valve 34 leads to flow control of the recirculation flow.
  • This recirculation flow is mixed with the fuel at the merging point 18 and fed to the conveyor 14.
  • the delivery device 14 simultaneously aspirates the fuel and the depleted reformate recycled via the recirculation line 30.
  • Flow control valves 16 and 34 and the conveyor 14 is realized with suitable control algorithms, which are stored in an electronic control unit.
  • This electronic control unit is preferably a microcontroller and at least with the conveyor 14, the
  • Flow control valve 16 the reforming fan 20, the fuel cell blower 24, the afterburner fan 28 and the flow control valve 34 is connected.
  • the fuel cell fan 24 and the afterburner fan 28 corresponding pumps for gas delivery may also be provided.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de pile à combustible (10) comportant un reformeur (12) pour générer un reformat à partir d'un combustible et d'un agent d'oxydation, une pile à combustible (22) pour transformer le reformat en reformat enrichi et en énergie électrique, et une ligne de recirculation (30) pour renvoyer partiellement le reformat enrichi au reformeur (12). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que, de manière avantageuse, un dispositif de transport (14) permet de renvoyer à la fois le combustible et le reformat enrichi de la ligne de recirculation (30) au reformeur (12). L'invention concerne également un procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pile à combustible (10) de ce type.
EP08734376A 2007-03-16 2008-03-13 Système de pile à combustible à ligne de recirculation Withdrawn EP2135315A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007012762A DE102007012762A1 (de) 2007-03-16 2007-03-16 Brennstoffzellensystem mit Rezirkulationsstrang
PCT/DE2008/000436 WO2008113327A2 (fr) 2007-03-16 2008-03-13 Système de pile à combustible à ligne de recirculation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2135315A2 true EP2135315A2 (fr) 2009-12-23

Family

ID=39688224

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08734376A Withdrawn EP2135315A2 (fr) 2007-03-16 2008-03-13 Système de pile à combustible à ligne de recirculation

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20100104898A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2135315A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010521785A (fr)
KR (1) KR101128923B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101669241A (fr)
AU (1) AU2008228663A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0808975A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2679689A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007012762A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA200970744A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008113327A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101007647B1 (ko) * 2010-09-27 2011-01-13 한국환경공단 바이오 가스를 연료로 사용하는 고분자 전해질 연료전지 발전시스템 및 그의 제어방법
KR101373441B1 (ko) * 2012-12-07 2014-03-14 한국가스공사 수소 충전 시스템 및 이 시스템을 이용한 운전 제어 방법
DE102015208920A1 (de) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-17 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zum Einstellen eines Betriebsgasstroms in einem Brennstoffzellensystem und Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102017100163A1 (de) * 2017-01-05 2018-07-05 Technische Universität Darmstadt Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Brennstoffzellensystems

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6316134B1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2001-11-13 Ballard Generation Systems, Inc. Fuel cell electric power generation system
JP3614110B2 (ja) * 2001-02-21 2005-01-26 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池システム
JP2003007319A (ja) * 2001-06-22 2003-01-10 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システム
JP3807361B2 (ja) * 2002-02-08 2006-08-09 日産自動車株式会社 燃料改質システムおよび燃料電池システム
US7285350B2 (en) * 2002-09-27 2007-10-23 Questair Technologies Inc. Enhanced solid oxide fuel cell systems
DE10315697A1 (de) * 2003-04-07 2004-10-21 Daimlerchrysler Ag Gaserzeugungssystem mit einem Reformer zum Erzeugen eines wasserstoffhaltigen Reformats
DE10318495A1 (de) * 2003-04-24 2004-11-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung sowie Reformereinrichtung und Brennstoffzelleneinrichtung hierfür
DE102004002337A1 (de) 2004-01-16 2005-08-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung
US7306871B2 (en) * 2004-03-04 2007-12-11 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Hybrid power generating system combining a fuel cell and a gas turbine
US7998632B2 (en) * 2005-05-20 2011-08-16 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Anode tail gas recycle cooler and re-heater for a solid oxide fuel cell stack assembly
DE102005038733A1 (de) 2005-08-16 2007-02-22 Webasto Ag Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Reformers
US7858214B2 (en) * 2005-09-21 2010-12-28 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for light internal reforming in a solid oxide fuel cell system
WO2008030394A2 (fr) * 2006-09-06 2008-03-13 Bloom Energy Corporation Configuration de système de pile à combustible flexible destinée à traiter de multiples combustibles
AT502130B1 (de) * 2006-10-03 2008-02-15 Avl List Gmbh Vorrichtung und verfahren zum betrieb einer hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle
US20080292922A1 (en) * 2007-05-22 2008-11-27 Fischer Bernhard A Method and apparatus for fueling a solid oxide fuel cell stack assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008113327A3 (fr) 2008-11-20
WO2008113327A2 (fr) 2008-09-25
KR20090123889A (ko) 2009-12-02
JP2010521785A (ja) 2010-06-24
EA200970744A1 (ru) 2010-02-26
KR101128923B1 (ko) 2012-07-11
CA2679689A1 (fr) 2008-09-25
BRPI0808975A2 (pt) 2014-09-09
DE102007012762A1 (de) 2008-09-18
AU2008228663A1 (en) 2008-09-25
US20100104898A1 (en) 2010-04-29
CN101669241A (zh) 2010-03-10

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