CN101669241A - 具有再循环支路的燃料电池系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种燃料电池系统(10),具有用于从燃料和氧化剂中产生重组物的重组器(12),用于将重组物转化成贫化的重组物和电能的燃料电池(22),以及用于将贫化的重组物部分地送回重组器的再循环支路(30)。此外,本发明的有利的特征在于,设置有输送装置(14),借助于该输送装置不仅可将燃料也可将再循环支路(30)的贫化的重组物输送给重组器(12)。此外,本发明还涉及一种用于运行这种燃料电池系统(10)的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料电池系统,具有用于从燃料和氧化剂中产生重组物的重组器,用于将重组物转化成贫化的重组物和电能的燃料电池,以及用于将贫化的重组物部分地送回重组器的再循环支路。
此外,本发明还涉及一种用于运行燃料电池系统的方法,具有借助于重组器从燃料和氧化剂中产生重组物的步骤:借助于燃料电池将重组物转化成贫化的重组物和电能;以及在再循环支路中将贫化的重组物部分地送回重组器。
背景技术
燃料电池系统以普遍公知的方式用于将化学能转化成电能。燃料电池系统必须能够在实际情况下处理一般的燃料。因为在燃料电池中转化氢气和氧气,所以必须如此准备所使用的燃料,使得输入燃料电池的阳极的气体具有尽可能高的含氢量。在大多数情况下在阴极侧将空气氧气输送到燃料电池。为此向重组器输送燃料和氧化剂、优选空气。然后在重组器中发生燃料与氧气的转化,其中,优选实施部分氧化的方法。
EP1557896A1公开了一种具有权利要求1的前序部分所述的特征的燃料电池系统。在该燃料电池系统中向重组器送回重组气体,该重组气体从出口侧离开燃料电池。然而该系统具有复杂的结构。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于提出一种提供燃料电池系统的可能性,该燃料电池系统具有相对简单的结构且因此可成本低廉地制造。
该任务通过独立权利要求的特征解决。
本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案在从属权利要求中产生。
根据本发明的燃料电池系统在此类现有技术的基础上如此改进,即设置输送装置,借助于该输送装置不仅可将燃料也可将再循环支路的贫化的重组物输送给重组器。通过向重组器既输送燃料也输送贫化的重组物的输送装置可以省去其它的输送装置。此外,这种结构还能实现简化的控制,这是因为通过提高输送装置的输送量自动地提高燃料输送量和贫化的重组物的输送量,因此在输送量改变时不必迫使各个支路相互协调一致。由此,送回的贫化的重组物的输送量可通过送回的燃料的输送量控制。
此外,有利的是,在输送装置的上游分别设置一个流量调节阀,用以相互独立地控制燃料和贫化的重组物向输送装置的输送。这种结构实现了可通过两个阀的状态之间的变化以及输送装置的转速的变化调节燃料与再循环流的比例关系。因此,这种线路连接的有利之处在于,可实现在调节重组器中的气体成分时的较高的灵活性,由此可实现在对负荷的改变做出反应时燃料电池系统的较高的灵活性。因为该比例关系也会影响重组器的温度,也可通过调节使该重组器在希望的温度范围中工作。此外,设置单独的调节阀比在每个支路中提供单独的输送装置更便宜。
此外,根据本发明的燃料电池系统可如此改进,即在再循环支路中设置用于冷却贫化的重组物的换热器。在没有换热器的情况下,在再循环支路中的部件例如阀或输送装置在温度上必须被设计成直至850℃,这极大地增加了系统结构的成本并且提高了完全获得此类部件的难度。此外,较高的使用温度导致机械构件上的较高的磨损。通过冷却再循环流可以解决这个问题,因此将再循环流冷却到例如150℃,以便能够使用普通的部件。然后,普通的部件可以在相对适宜的温度下工作。
在这点上优选如此设置,即将氧化剂输送到重组器、燃料电池或补燃器的氧化剂支路经过换热器引导。因此,可以使用已经存在于燃料电池系统中的介质流来冷却送回的贫化的重组物。从而节省了用于冷却再循环流的额外的鼓风机。
此外,本发明提供了一种用于控制这种燃料电池系统的方法。
在该方法的范围内的有利的特征在于,在燃料电池系统启动或停机期间关闭再循环支路中的流量调节阀。通过该措施可以针对燃料电池系统的启动或者在燃料电池系统停机时使再循环支路失效,从而可以为这些工作状态提供有利的条件,其中,在燃料电池系统启动时存在不充足的贫化的重组物。
附图说明
下面参照附图举例说明本发明的优选的实施方式。其中:
图1是根据本发明的燃料电池系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的燃料电池系统10的示意图。燃料电池系统10包括重组器12,其可以从输送装置14中输送燃料和后面要说明的贫化的重组物。作为输送装置14可以使用鼓风机或用于气体的所有合适的泵类型、比如旋转叶片泵。为控制燃料的输送,在输送装置14的上游以及在汇合点18的上游设置流量调节阀16,送回的贫化的重组物被引导至该汇合点处。作为燃料种类可以考虑柴油、汽油、沼气、天然气以及其它从现有技术中公知的燃料种类,其中,在本发明的实施例中燃料优选为一种气体。此外,重组器12借助于重组器鼓风机20输送氧化剂。重组器12将通过输送装置14和重组器鼓风机20输送的物质优选在部分氧化下转化成重组物,该重组物可被输送给燃料电池22。替换燃料电池22也可设置燃料电池堆。重组物为含氢的气体,该气体在燃料电池22中借助于通过燃料电池鼓风机24输送的阴极空气被转化成电流、热量和贫化的重组物。从燃料电池22的出口侧输出的贫化的重组物被分流进入两个支路。贫化的阳极废气的一部分被输送给补燃器26,补燃器配设有补燃器鼓风机28。在补燃器26中贫化的重组物与通过补燃器鼓风机28输送的空气转化成燃烧废气,其几乎不含有害物质。贫化的重组物的另一部分通过再循环支路30首先流经换热器32或重组器冷却器。换热器32将送回的贫化的重组物冷却到比如150℃。同时,再循环流以有利的方式经过换热器32通过介质流冷却,该介质流已经存在于燃料电池系统10中。作为介质流可以考虑比如从重组器鼓风机20、从燃料电池鼓风机24和/或从补燃器鼓风机28吸入的介质流。可能的替换形式是设置鼓风机,其将换热器32的热能输出。接下来再循环流流经控制再循环流的流量的流量调节阀34。再循环流在汇合点18与燃料混合并且被输送给输送装置14。输送装置14同时吸入燃料和通过再循环支路30送回的贫化的重组物。通过这样的送回可以实现更高的系统效率,这是因为贫化的重组物的能量更加完全地得以转化,因此与没有再循环支路30的系统相比可用相同的燃料量获得更多的电能,从而提高了发电的系统效率。流量调节阀16和34以及输送装置14的调节用适当的调节算法实现,该调节算法被导入电子控制单元中。电子控制单元优选为微型控制器并且至少与输送装置14、流量调节阀16、重组器鼓风机20、燃料电池鼓风机24、补燃器鼓风机28以及流量调节阀34连接。
上面所描述的实施例的替换形式为,替代重组器鼓风机20、燃料电池鼓风机24、补燃器鼓风机28也可设置相应的用于输送气体的泵。
在前述说明书中、附图中以及权利要求中公开的本发明的特征既可以单独地也可以以任意组合地用以实现本发明。
附图标记
10 燃料电池系统
12 重组器
14 输送装置
16 流量调节阀
18 汇合点
20 重组器鼓风机
22 燃料电池
24 燃料电池鼓风机
26 补燃器
28 补燃器鼓风机
30 再循环支路
32 换热器
34 流量调节阀
Claims (9)
1.一种燃料电池系统(10),具有用于从燃料和氧化剂中产生重组物的重组器(12),用于将重组物转化成贫化的重组物和电能的燃料电池(22),以及用于将贫化的重组物部分地送回重组器(12)的再循环支路(30),其特征在于,设置有输送装置(14),借助于所述输送装置不仅能够将燃料也能够将再循环支路(30)的贫化的重组物输送给重组器(12)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的燃料电池系统(10),其特征在于,在输送装置(14)的上游分别设置有一个流量调节阀(16、34),用以相互独立地控制燃料和贫化的重组物向输送装置(14)的输送。
3.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的燃料电池系统(10),其特征在于,在再循环支路(30)中设置有用于冷却贫化的重组物的换热器(32)。
4.按照权利要求4所述的燃料电池系统(10),其特征在于,将氧化剂输送到重组器(12)、燃料电池(22)或补燃器(26)的氧化剂支路经过换热器(32)引导。
5.一种用于运行燃料电池系统(10)的方法,具有以下步骤:
-借助于重组器(12)从燃料和氧化剂中产生重组物;
-借助于燃料电池(22)将重组物转化成贫化的重组物和电能;
-在再循环支路(30)中部分地送回贫化的重组物,
其特征在于,运行输送装置(14),用以不仅将燃料也将再循环支路(30)的贫化的重组物输送给重组器(12)。
6.按照权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,分别借助于流量调节阀(16、34)控制向输送装置(14)输送的燃料流量以及贫化的重组物的流量。
7.按照权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,在再循环支路(30)中借助于换热器(32)冷却贫化的重组物。
8.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在再循环支路(30)中通过引导氧化剂经过换热器(32)来冷却贫化的重组物,所述氧化剂被输送给重组器(12)、燃料电池(22)或补燃器(26)。
9.按照权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在启动或停运燃料电池系统(10)期间关闭再循环支路(30)中的流量调节阀(34)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102007012762.8 | 2007-03-16 | ||
DE102007012762A DE102007012762A1 (de) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | Brennstoffzellensystem mit Rezirkulationsstrang |
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CN101669241A true CN101669241A (zh) | 2010-03-10 |
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CN200880008629A Pending CN101669241A (zh) | 2007-03-16 | 2008-03-13 | 具有再循环支路的燃料电池系统 |
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US (1) | US20100104898A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2135315A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2010521785A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101128923B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101669241A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2008228663A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0808975A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2679689A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102007012762A1 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA200970744A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008113327A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101007647B1 (ko) * | 2010-09-27 | 2011-01-13 | 한국환경공단 | 바이오 가스를 연료로 사용하는 고분자 전해질 연료전지 발전시스템 및 그의 제어방법 |
KR101373441B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-03-14 | 한국가스공사 | 수소 충전 시스템 및 이 시스템을 이용한 운전 제어 방법 |
DE102015208920A1 (de) * | 2015-05-13 | 2016-11-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Einstellen eines Betriebsgasstroms in einem Brennstoffzellensystem und Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102017100163A1 (de) * | 2017-01-05 | 2018-07-05 | Technische Universität Darmstadt | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6316134B1 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2001-11-13 | Ballard Generation Systems, Inc. | Fuel cell electric power generation system |
JP3614110B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-21 | 2005-01-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2003007319A (ja) * | 2001-06-22 | 2003-01-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP3807361B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-08 | 2006-08-09 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料改質システムおよび燃料電池システム |
US7285350B2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2007-10-23 | Questair Technologies Inc. | Enhanced solid oxide fuel cell systems |
DE10315697A1 (de) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-21 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Gaserzeugungssystem mit einem Reformer zum Erzeugen eines wasserstoffhaltigen Reformats |
DE10318495A1 (de) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-11-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung sowie Reformereinrichtung und Brennstoffzelleneinrichtung hierfür |
DE102004002337A1 (de) | 2004-01-16 | 2005-08-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung |
US7306871B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2007-12-11 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Hybrid power generating system combining a fuel cell and a gas turbine |
US7998632B2 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2011-08-16 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Anode tail gas recycle cooler and re-heater for a solid oxide fuel cell stack assembly |
DE102005038733A1 (de) | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-22 | Webasto Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Reformers |
US7858214B2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2010-12-28 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for light internal reforming in a solid oxide fuel cell system |
EP2064766A4 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2010-09-29 | Bloom Energy Corp | FLEXIBLE FUEL CELL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION FOR HANDLING OF MULTIPLE FUELS |
AT502130B1 (de) * | 2006-10-03 | 2008-02-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum betrieb einer hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle |
US20080292922A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-27 | Fischer Bernhard A | Method and apparatus for fueling a solid oxide fuel cell stack assembly |
-
2007
- 2007-03-16 DE DE102007012762A patent/DE102007012762A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-03-13 JP JP2009553901A patent/JP2010521785A/ja active Pending
- 2008-03-13 BR BRPI0808975-2A patent/BRPI0808975A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-03-13 KR KR1020097019442A patent/KR101128923B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-03-13 CA CA002679689A patent/CA2679689A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-13 AU AU2008228663A patent/AU2008228663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-13 US US12/529,993 patent/US20100104898A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-13 CN CN200880008629A patent/CN101669241A/zh active Pending
- 2008-03-13 WO PCT/DE2008/000436 patent/WO2008113327A2/de active Application Filing
- 2008-03-13 EP EP08734376A patent/EP2135315A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-13 EA EA200970744A patent/EA200970744A1/ru unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200970744A1 (ru) | 2010-02-26 |
DE102007012762A1 (de) | 2008-09-18 |
KR20090123889A (ko) | 2009-12-02 |
WO2008113327A3 (de) | 2008-11-20 |
CA2679689A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
EP2135315A2 (de) | 2009-12-23 |
AU2008228663A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
WO2008113327A2 (de) | 2008-09-25 |
JP2010521785A (ja) | 2010-06-24 |
BRPI0808975A2 (pt) | 2014-09-09 |
US20100104898A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
KR101128923B1 (ko) | 2012-07-11 |
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