EP2135228A1 - Méthode de détection de gaz autour de systèmes de stockage de gaz - Google Patents

Méthode de détection de gaz autour de systèmes de stockage de gaz

Info

Publication number
EP2135228A1
EP2135228A1 EP08723280A EP08723280A EP2135228A1 EP 2135228 A1 EP2135228 A1 EP 2135228A1 EP 08723280 A EP08723280 A EP 08723280A EP 08723280 A EP08723280 A EP 08723280A EP 2135228 A1 EP2135228 A1 EP 2135228A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
detectors
detected
enclosed space
flammable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08723280A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2135228B1 (fr
EP2135228A4 (fr
Inventor
Ki-Ho Moon
Seok-Lyong Song
Sam-Heon Jeong
Jong-Pil Ha
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020070023440A external-priority patent/KR100787777B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020080019496A external-priority patent/KR100935527B1/ko
Application filed by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd filed Critical Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd
Publication of EP2135228A1 publication Critical patent/EP2135228A1/fr
Publication of EP2135228A4 publication Critical patent/EP2135228A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2135228B1 publication Critical patent/EP2135228B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/12—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to undesired emission of substances, e.g. pollution alarms
    • G08B21/16—Combustible gas alarms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/16—Security signalling or alarm systems, e.g. redundant systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to flammable gas detection for released gas in a hazardous area of gas carriers, and more particularly it concerns devices and methods of detecting and ventilating leaked flammable gases in hazardous area of a gas carrier. They can immediately detect the leakage of flammable gas in enclosed spaces in gas carriers or onshore or offshore facilities where boil-off gas (BOG) is compressed to be used as fuel or to be re-liquefied, or in any other places of hazardous area where have potential gas leakages to eliminate the possibility of gas explosion.
  • BOG boil-off gas
  • the places where have the likelihood that the explosive gas in atmosphere is present are classified as hazardous area in gas carriers.
  • the traditional gas detection system samples the gases at a number of sampling heads around cargo tanks and enclosed spaces of the hazardous area by the procedure regulated in IGC Code (International code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk).
  • the sampled gases are analyzed with a gas analyzer, which is located in a safe area (an accommodation side) according to a predefined sequence.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • LPG liquefied petroleum gas
  • onshore and offshore facilities using boil-off gas generated by atmospheric heat sources have an auxiliary equipment such as cargo compressors or re-liquefaction systems so that boil-off gas is compressed to be used as fuel for propulsion or power generation, or is re-liquefied to be stored as cargo.
  • the cargo compressors or the re-liquefaction systems are installed in a separate enclosed space for the protection and the separation thereof. Gas in the enclosed space is periodically sampled, and analyzed to measure the concentration of the flammable gas contained therein in order to eliminate the possibility of an explosion. That is to say, in an enclosed space such as a cargo compressor room, a valve room and a pump room, gas is periodically sampled and the concentration of the flammable gas contained therein is measured.
  • maximum length of pipeline for gas sampling from an analyzer to sampling head locations in the hazardous area is more than 260m, and up to 140 seconds are required for the sampled gas to reach the analyzer. This means, if flammable gas leaks right after the first sampling sequence, there are lots of possibilities to occur explosion due to the gas cloud comes from the released gas during at least 140 seconds by the second sampling sequence.
  • Fig 4 shows the typical arrangement for installation of gas sampling pipeline.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier, in which direct sensing type detectors are installed in the enclosed spaces and the hazardous area of a gas carrier so that leaking gas can be detected in real time.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier, in which an LOS (line of sight) type infrared gas detector is installed as a direct sensing type detector, so that the leakage of gas can be immediately detected over a wide area.
  • LOS line of sight
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier, in which at least two direct sensing type detectors are installed in the same area, so that malfunction of the detectors can be monitored.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier, which can immediately detect and forcibly ventilate leaking gas in the enclosed space, such as a cargo compressor room, a valve room and a pump room, of an LNG carrier or onshore or offshore facilities having steam turbines, or medium speed dual-fuel diesel engines, or a re-liquefaction system, or dual-fuel gas turbines, or slow speed dual-fuel diesel engine, etc. installed therein and operating at a high operating pressure.
  • a gas carrier such as a cargo compressor room, a valve room and a pump room, of an LNG carrier or onshore or offshore facilities having steam turbines, or medium speed dual-fuel diesel engines, or a re-liquefaction system, or dual-fuel gas turbines, or slow speed dual-fuel diesel engine, etc. installed therein and operating at a high operating pressure.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier, in which at least one exhaust fan is operated at the time of the detection of leaking gas in a enclosed space to forcibly ventilate the enclosed space, so that the dispersion of flammable gas and the possibility of an explosion can be prevented.
  • a method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier wherein at least two direct sensing type gas detectors are installed in the hazardous area or the enclosed spaces of a gas carrier, or onshore or offshore facilities for using boil-off gas, so that leaking gas can be immediately detected in the hazardous area or the enclosed spaces, and a warning alarm is issued or an emergency stop system is actuated depending upon the detected amount of leaking gas.
  • a hazardous area and an enclosed space can be immediately and forcibly ventilated.
  • leaking gas can be immediately detected and confirmed by the direct sensing type gas detector, and by operating two exhaust fans in association with the gas detection system, the enclosed space can be immediately and forcibly ventilated, whereby the possibility of an explosion due to the leakage of flammable gas can be prevented.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view illustrating an application example of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a view illustrating the installed state of an LOS (line of sight) type gas detector according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a configuration of gas sampling tubes for a conventional gas detection system
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure for detecting leaking gas in a enclosed space according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a view illustrating the state in which a gas detector according to the present invention is installed in an enclosed space.
  • [39] 150 point type gas detector (thermally insulated primary space)
  • passage 220 thermal insulation layer
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view illustrating an application example of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a view illustrating the installed state of an LOS (line of sight) type gas detector according to the present invention.
  • At least two direct sensing type gas detectors 130, 140 and 150 are installed in a enclosed space, such as a cargo compressor room, a valve room and a pump room, defined to protect and separate apparatuses for handling compressed boil- off gas (BOG) of liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas generated due to heat transfer from the outside to thereby use the compressed boil-off gas as fuel for a propulsion engine or a power generation apparatus or for re-liquefying the boil-off gas, and in a hazardous area including these provisions, so that the leakage of gas into the hazardous area can be immediately detected.
  • BOG compressed boil- off gas
  • the method of detecting leaking gas in a hazardous area of a gas carrier includes the steps of sensing amounts of leaking gas using direct sensing type gas detectors (SlOO), comparing the amounts of leaking gas detected by the gas detectors with an alarm issuance limit, and issuing an alarm and operating a forced exhaust fan when the amount of leaking gas detected by at least one gas detector exceeds the alarm issuance limit (S200), and actuating an emergency stop system when the amounts of leaking gas detected by at least two detectors exceed an emergency stop limit (S300).
  • SlOO direct sensing type gas detectors
  • the method further includes the step of re-sensing amounts of leaking gas in a hazardous area in which forced ventilation is implemented using the forced exhaust fan, using the gas detectors (S400), and sequentially stopping issuance of the alarm and operation of the forced exhaust fan when the re-detected amounts of leaking gas do not exceed a reference value (S500).
  • the amounts of leaking gas are detected by the gas detectors 130, 140 and 150 which are installed in the hazardous area and an enclosed space 350, such as a cargo compressor room 330, a valve room, a pump room and a motor room 340.
  • the gas detectors 130, 140 and 150 which are installed in the hazardous area and an enclosed space 350, such as a cargo compressor room 330, a valve room, a pump room and a motor room 340.
  • at least two electric gas detectors 140 and 150 having an Ex-D class based on IEC Jnternational Electro-technical Commission) or LOS (line of sight) type detectors 130, which are direct sensing type detectors approved by the IGC Code (International code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk) and are explosion-proof, are installed.
  • IGC Code International code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk
  • the LOS (line of sight) type detector 130 comprises a transmission section 110 capable of transmitting an infrared signal and a reception section 100 capable of receiving the infrared signal transmitted from the transmission section 110. If flammable gas reaches an infrared gas sensing line 120 between the transmission section 110 and the reception section 100, a change in the infrared sensitivity of the reception section 100 is detected, and thereby, the leakage of gas is detected.
  • the amounts of leaking gas detected by the gas detectors 130, 140 and 150 are compared with a preset reference value, that is, the alarm issuance limit, set to correspond to about 30% of the lower explosion limit of flammable gas, so as to eliminate the likelihood of an explosion.
  • a preset reference value that is, the alarm issuance limit
  • the alarm issuance limit corresponds to about 30% of the lower explosion limit of the flammable gas
  • the alarm issuance limit corresponds to 1.5 vol% of methane, which is a concentration at which an explosion does not actually occur.
  • methane which is the main constituent of the cargo of an LNG carrier
  • the present invention applies to an LNG carrier operating at a high pressure of 6 barg to 250 barg, if the leakage of gas occurs, the flammable gas can immediately exceed the lower explosion limit and reach a concentration at which an explosion can easily occur.
  • the reference value for the issuance of a warning alarm be set to correspond to about 30% of the lower explosion limit of the leaking gas.
  • the emergency stop limit corresponding to about 60% of the lower explosion limit of the leaking gas, is compared with the amounts of leaking gas.
  • the travel of the ship is stopped. That is to say, when the leaking gas is detected by amounts exceeding about 60% of the lower explosion limit of the flammable gas, the emergency stop system is actuated to stop the travel of the ship so as to prevent the amounts of leaking gas from reaching an explosion threshold.
  • the ventilation system such as the forced exhaust fan, etc. is a conventional provision which is installed in the hazardous area and the enclosed space of a gas carrier, the detailed description thereof will be omitted herein.
  • the forced exhaust fan when used as the ventilation system, the forced exhaust fan has capacity sufficient to ventilate a volume corresponding to 30 times the volume of the enclosed space per hour, and is configured such that exhausted gas is not re-introduced into the enclosed space.
  • the capacity of the forced exhaust fan is determined in conformity with the fan capacity prescribed in the IGC Code.
  • At least two electric gas detectors 140 and 150 (having an Ex-D design based on IEC) and at least two LOS (line of sight) type detectors 130, which are direct sensing type detectors and are explosion-proof, are installed together or independently in the same area.
  • a warning alarm is issued depending upon the detected amount of the leaking gas, and only when at least two gas detectors simultaneously detect leaking gas exceeding the emergency stop limit, corresponding to 60% of the lower explosion threshold of the flammable gas, is the emergency stop system actuated.
  • step S400 amounts of leaking gas are re-detected in the hazardous area and the enclosed space in which a warning alarm is issued and the emergency stop system is actuated.
  • the amounts of leaking gas in the hazardous area 320 and the enclosed space 350 in which the ventilation is being conducted through the operation of the ventilation system are rapidly re-detected using at least two direct sensing type gas detectors 130, 140 and 150.
  • the re-detected amounts of leaking gas are compared with the reference value. When the re-detected amounts are less than the reference value, the actuation of the emergency stop system or the issuance of the warning alarm is stopped.
  • the amounts of the leaking gas detected by the gas detectors are transmitted to a control system 400 as electrical signals. Also, these transmitted amounts of the leaking gas are converted through the internal operation of the control system 400 into commands for enabling the issuance of the alarm or the actuation of the emergency stop system.
  • the leaking gas can be detected through the sensing step, the warning alarm issuing step, the emergency stopping step, the gas re-sensing step and the fan stopping step, and by operating the ventilation system, the probability of an explosion can be eliminated.
  • the forced exhaust fan be installed as the ventilation system so that, when gas leakage is detected by the gas detectors, quick ventilation of the leaking gas by the forced fan is implemented, unlike the hazardous area.
  • At least two direct sensing type detectors are installed in the enclosed space of a gas carrier or similar onshore or offshore facilities equipped with a dual- fuel diesel engine, a gas turbine engine, re-liquefaction apparatus, etc., and at least two forced exhaust fans operating in cooperation with the detectors are also installed to implement ventilation.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for independently detecting leaking gas in an enclosed space according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a view illustrating the state in which a gas detector according to the present invention is installed in an enclosed space.
  • At least two electric gas detectors 140 or 150 (having an Ex-D design based on IEC), which are explosion-proof, are installed in an enclosed space.
  • two forced exhaust fans 20 operating in cooperation with the direct sensing type gas detectors 140 or 150 are installed at one side of the enclosed space 350 to communicate with air outlets 40.
  • the method comprises the steps of sensing flammable gas leaking into an enclosed space using gas detectors (SlOOa), comparing the amounts of flammable gas detected by the gas detectors with a preset reference value (S200a), issuing a warning alarm and simultaneously operating the two forced exhaust fans installed in the enclosed space to forcibly implement ventilation when the detected amount of leaking gas exceeds the reference value (S300a), re-sensing gas in the enclosed space using the gas detectors while forced ventilation is implemented by the two forced exhaust fans (S400a), and stopping the issuance of the alarm and the operation of the forced exhaust fans when the re-detected amounts of leaking gas do not exceed a reference value (S500a), so that the leaking gas in the enclosed space can be immediately detected and the enclosed space can be forcibly ventilated.
  • the amounts of leaking gas are detected using the direct sensing type gas detectors installed in the enclosed space, such as a cargo compressor room, a valve room and a pump room.
  • the direct sensing type gas detectors installed in the enclosed space, such as a cargo compressor room, a valve room and a pump room.
  • at least two gas detectors having an Ex-D design based on IEC which are direct sensing type detectors approved by the IGC Code (International code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk), are installed.
  • the amounts of leaking gas detected by the gas detectors are compared with the preset reference value.
  • the reference value is preset as an alarm issuance limit in a hazardous area, that is, a limit corresponding to about 30% of the lower explosion limit of flammable gas.
  • the forced insulation step S300a when the amount of leaking gas detected by the gas detectors is the same as or exceeds the preset reference value, apparatuses having increased probability of explosion are urgently stopped. Namely, when the detected amount of leaking gas exceeds the alarm issuance limit, an alarm is issued to warn of the emergency, and at the same time, the two forced exhaust fans installed in the enclosed space are operated. If the two forced exhaust fans are operated, since the enclosed space can be immediately ventilated, the amount of leaking gas in the enclosed space abruptly decreases below the alarm issuance limit. Between the two forced exhaust fans, one forced exhaust fan is always operated, and when the detected amount of the leaking gas exceeds the preset reference value, the remaining forced exhaust fan is forcibly operated to immediately ventilate the enclosed space.
  • the forced exhaust fan has a capacity to ventilate a volume corresponding to 30 times the volume of the enclosed space per hour, and is configured such that exhausted gas is not re-introduced into the enclosed space.
  • the capacity of the forced exhaust fan is determined in conformity with the fan capacity prescribed in the IGC Code.
  • a separate exhaust fan may be installed as an auxiliary fan.
  • the re-detected amounts of leaking gas are compared with a reference value. When the re-detected amounts of leaking gas are less than the reference value, the operation of the forced exhaust fans is stopped.
  • the direct sensing type gas detectors and the two forced exhaust fans be operated in cooperation with each other to sense the leaking gas before the amounts of leaking gas in the enclosed space reach the emergency stop limit and to forcibly ventilate the leaking gas to thereby eliminate the possibility of an explosion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une méthode de détection de fuites de gaz dans des secteurs dangereux d'un méthanier. À cet effet on dispose au moins deux détecteurs de gaz à détection directe dans les secteurs dangereux, ou dans un espace clos du méthanier ou installations à terre ou en mer utilisant du gaz d'ébullition, ainsi la fuite du gaz dans le secteur dangereux ou l'espace clos est détectée et selon l'importance de la fuite, une alarme se déclenche ou un système d'arrêt d'urgence est activé.
EP08723280.7A 2007-03-09 2008-03-05 Méthode de détection de gaz autour de systèmes de stockage de gaz Active EP2135228B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020070023440A KR100787777B1 (ko) 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 보일오프가스 활용설비의 밀폐공간내 누출가스 감지 및환기 방법
KR1020080019496A KR100935527B1 (ko) 2008-03-03 2008-03-03 가스운반선의 가스위험지역내 누출가스 감지방법
PCT/KR2008/001243 WO2008111755A1 (fr) 2007-03-09 2008-03-05 Méthode de détection de gaz autour de systèmes de stockage de gaz

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2135228A1 true EP2135228A1 (fr) 2009-12-23
EP2135228A4 EP2135228A4 (fr) 2012-08-22
EP2135228B1 EP2135228B1 (fr) 2018-07-04

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ID=39759667

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08723280.7A Active EP2135228B1 (fr) 2007-03-09 2008-03-05 Méthode de détection de gaz autour de systèmes de stockage de gaz

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2135228B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5114505B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008111755A1 (fr)

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JP6655198B2 (ja) * 2016-05-10 2020-02-26 バーゼル・ポリオレフィン・ゲーエムベーハー エチレン系不飽和単量体の高圧重合方法
US10358510B2 (en) * 2016-05-10 2019-07-23 Basell Polyolefine Gmbh High-pressure polymerization process of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a production line having flanges covered by a chimney construction
CN109071689B (zh) * 2016-05-10 2020-01-14 巴塞尔聚烯烃股份有限公司 在安装于保护外壳内的聚合反应器中进行的烯键式不饱和单体的高压聚合方法
CN109345785A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-02-15 浙江国视科技有限公司 一种燃气泄漏预警及自主处置系统及方法
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CN114348228B (zh) * 2022-01-20 2022-10-21 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 一种船用隔离舱通风系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2010534795A (ja) 2010-11-11
EP2135228B1 (fr) 2018-07-04
WO2008111755A1 (fr) 2008-09-18
JP5114505B2 (ja) 2013-01-09
EP2135228A4 (fr) 2012-08-22

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