EP2134445A2 - Mélange contenant un matériau structurel organométallique et un matériau à changement de phase - Google Patents

Mélange contenant un matériau structurel organométallique et un matériau à changement de phase

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Publication number
EP2134445A2
EP2134445A2 EP08735635A EP08735635A EP2134445A2 EP 2134445 A2 EP2134445 A2 EP 2134445A2 EP 08735635 A EP08735635 A EP 08735635A EP 08735635 A EP08735635 A EP 08735635A EP 2134445 A2 EP2134445 A2 EP 2134445A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
mixture
monomers
substance
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08735635A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hildegard Stein
Joerg Pastre
Markus Schubert
Christoph Kiener
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to EP08735635A priority Critical patent/EP2134445A2/fr
Publication of EP2134445A2 publication Critical patent/EP2134445A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
    • B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/223—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
    • B01J20/226—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF], zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [ZIF]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/204—Metal organic frameworks (MOF's)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mixtures comprising a latent heat storage component A and a builder component B, the use of such mixtures and methods for separating a substance from a mixture by means of such mixtures.
  • Adsorbents which are frequently used here are activated carbon, silica gel, zeolites and, more recently, porous organometallic frameworks.
  • the adsorption of gases is typically exothermic, so that the adsorbent is heated during adsorption by absorbing the released energy.
  • this heat absorption can be disadvantageous for the intended adsorption purpose.
  • the separation efficiency can be reduced.
  • This material is typically latent heat storage, which undergoes a phase transition at a predetermined temperature, wherein the heat released by adsorption is used for this phase transformation, which causes the effect that the temperature of the adsorbent material does not increase or less.
  • WO-A 2004/050789 proposes a composite material which combines both adsorptive material and latent heat storage in the composite material. Similar systems are proposed in JP-A 2001/145832 and JP-A 2003/31 11 18.
  • An object of the present invention is thus to provide such systems, in particular for the use of the separation of a substance from a mixture of substances.
  • the object is achieved by a mixture containing in each case based on the total weight of the mixture
  • component A contains at least one microencapsulated latent heat storage material and wherein component B contains at least one porous organometallic framework material containing at least one coordinated to at least one metal ion, at least bidentate organic compound.
  • the mixture according to the invention contains a latent heat storage component A and a framework component B.
  • the mixture may comprise further components.
  • the proportion of component A is from 2 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the proportion of component A is preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • a proportion of 15 to 45 wt .-% for the component A based on the total weight of the mixture is preferred.
  • the proportion of the builder component B is 40 to 98 wt .-% based on the total weight of the mixture. Preferably, this proportion is 50 to 90 wt .-%, and more preferably this proportion is 55 to 85 wt .-% based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the latent heat component A contains at least one microencapsulated latent heat storage material. The material and the microencapsulation together form the latent heat storage.
  • latent heat storage can be used. This is particularly advantageous when different temperatures be addressed by the phase transformation of the latent heat storage.
  • the microencapsulated latent heat storage materials of latent heat storage component A are preferably particles with a capsule core consisting predominantly, to more than 95 wt .-%, of latent heat storage materials and a polymer as a capsule wall.
  • the capsule core is solid or liquid depending on the temperature.
  • the average particle size of the capsules (Z means by means of light scattering) is typically 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 80 ⁇ m, in particular 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the weight ratio of capsule core to capsule wall is generally from 50:50 to 95: 5. Preferred is a core / wall ratio of 70:30 to 93: 7.
  • latent heat storage materials are substances which have a phase transition in the temperature range in which heat transfer is to be carried out.
  • the latent heat storage materials have a solid / liquid phase transition in the temperature range from -20 0 C to 120 ° C.
  • the at least one encapsulated latent heat storage material has a melting point in the range of -20 0 C to 120 0 C. More preferred is a range of 0 0 C to 80 0 C and in particular a range of 20 ° C to 60 ° C.
  • melting point is also used in a simplified manner if the latent heat storage material has a melting range, in which case the lower limit of the melting range is to be regarded as the melting point in the context of the present invention If only one of these occurs within the prescribed temperature range, it is sufficient that more than one, in particular all, occurs within the prescribed temperature range.
  • the latent heat storage material is an organic, preferably lipophilic substance.
  • Suitable substances may be mentioned by way of example:
  • aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds such as saturated or unsaturated C 10 -C 40 -hydrocarbons, which are branched or preferably linear, for example, such as n-tetradecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, n-octadecane, n-nonadanecane, n- Eicosane, n-heneicosane, n-docosane, n-tricosane, n-tetracosane, n-pentosucan, n-hexacosane, n-heptacosane, n-octacosane and cyclic hydrocarbons.
  • cyclohexane, cyclooctane, cyclodecane such as saturated or unsaturated C 10 -C 40 -hydrocarbons, which are branched or preferably
  • aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, o- or n-terphenyl, Ci-C4-alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as o-dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, hexadecylbenzene, hexylnaphthalene or
  • saturated or unsaturated C 6 -C 3 o-fatty acids such as lauric, stearic, oleic or behenic acid, preferably eutectic mixtures of decanoic acid with for example, myristic, palmitic or lauric acid;
  • Fatty alcohols such as lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, myristyl, cetyl alcohol, mixtures such as coconut fatty alcohol and the so-called oxo alcohols, which are obtained by hydroformylation of ⁇ -olefins and further reactions;
  • C 6 -C 3 o-fatty amines such as decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine or Hexadecy- lamin;
  • Esters such as C 1 -C 10 -alkyl esters of fatty acids, such as propyl palmitate, methyl stearate or methyl palmitate, and preferably their eutectic mixtures or methyl cinnamate;
  • waxes such as montanic acid waxes, montan ester waxes, carnauba wax, polyethylene wax, oxidized waxes, polyvinyl ether wax, ethylene vinyl acetate wax or Fischer-Tropsch wax waxes.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorinated paraffin, bromoctadecane, bromopentadecane, bromononadecane, bromeicosane, bromodocosan.
  • mixtures of these substances are suitable, as long as it does not come to a melting point lowering outside the desired range, or the heat of fusion of the mixture is too low for a meaningful application.
  • n-alkanes for example, the use of pure n-alkanes, n-alkanes with a purity of greater than 80% or of alkane mixtures, as obtained as a technical distillate and are commercially available as such.
  • substances forming the capsule core in them may be advantageous to add substances forming the capsule core in them to soluble compounds, in some cases in the case of the non-polar substances prevent crystallization delay occurring. It is advantageous to use, as described in US-A 5,456,852, compounds having a melting point 20 to 120 K higher than the actual core substance. Suitable compounds are the fatty acids mentioned above as lipophilic substances, fatty alcohols, fatty amides and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. They are added in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the capsule core.
  • the latent heat storage materials are selected.
  • Preferred latent heat storage materials are aliphatic hydrocarbons, particularly preferably those listed above by way of example.
  • aliphatic hydrocarbons having 14 to 20 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof are preferred.
  • the capsule wall-forming polymers preferably from 30 to 100 wt .-% are more preferably 30 to 95 wt .-% of one or more dC 24 alkyl esters of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid as monomers I constructed.
  • the polymers may contain up to 80% by weight, preferably from 5 to 60% by weight, in particular from 10 to 50% by weight, of a bi- or polyfunctional monomer as monomers II, which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water is included in copolymerized form.
  • the polymers may contain up to 90% by weight, preferably up to 50% by weight, in particular up to 30% by weight, of other monomers III in copolymerized form.
  • Suitable monomers I are dC 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid. Particularly preferred monomers I are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl acrylate and / or the corresponding methacrylates. Iso-propyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl acrylate and the corresponding methacrylates are preferred. Further, methacrylic acid is mentioned. Generally, the methacrylates are preferred.
  • Suitable monomers II are bi- or polyfunctional monomers which are insoluble or sparingly soluble in water but have good to limited solubility in the lipophilic substance. Sparingly is meant a solubility of less than 60 g / l at 2O 0 C.
  • bi- or polyfunctional monomers is meant compounds having at least 2 non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds. In particular, divinyl and polyvinyl monomers come into consideration, which cause cross-linking of the capsule wall during the polymerization.
  • Preferred bifunctional monomers are the diesters of diols with acrylic acid or Methacrylic acid, further the diallyl and divinyl ethers of these diols.
  • Preferred divinyl monomers are ethanediol diacrylate, divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, methallyl methacrylamide and allyl methacrylate. Particular preference is given to propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and hexanediol diacrylate or the corresponding methacrylates.
  • Preferred polyvinyl monomers are trimethylolpropane triacrylate and methacrylate, pentaerythritol triallyl ether and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.
  • monomers III other monomers come into consideration, preference is given to monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinylpyridine.
  • water-soluble monomers INb e.g. Acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and methacrylate and acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
  • N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate may be mentioned in particular.
  • These further ethylenically unsaturated monomers may be the monomers I, II or III hitherto not mentioned for this embodiment.
  • microcapsules of this embodiment formed Since they usually have no significant influence on the microcapsules of this embodiment formed, their proportion is preferably ⁇ 20 wt .-%, in particular ⁇ 10 wt .-%.
  • Such microcapsules and their preparation are described in EP-A-1 251 954, to which reference is expressly made.
  • the microencapsulation (capsule wall) particularly preferably contains a homopolymer or copolymer based on methyl methacrylate (MMA), for example polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • MMA methyl methacrylate
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • microcapsules can be prepared by a so-called in-situ polymerization.
  • microcapsules and their preparation are known from EP-A 457 154, DE-A 10 139 171, DE-A 102 30 581 and EP-A 1 321 182, to which expressly is referenced.
  • the microcapsules are prepared in such a way that a stable oil-in-water emulsion in which they are present as a disperse phase is prepared from the monomers, a free radical initiator, a protective colloid and the lipophilic substance to be encapsulated.
  • the polymerization of the monomers is then initiated by heating and controlled by further increase in temperature, wherein the resulting polymers form the capsule wall, which encloses the lipophilic substance.
  • the polymerization is carried out at 20 to 100 ° C., preferably at 40 to 80 ° C.
  • the dispersion and polymerization temperature should be above the melting temperature of the lipophilic substances.
  • the polymerization is expediently continued for a time of up to 2 hours in order to lower residual monomer contents.
  • distillative removal in particular via steam distillation
  • stripping with an inert gas can be done chemically, as described in WO 9924525, advantageously by redox-initiated polymerization, as described in DE-A 4 435 423, DE-A 4419518 and DE-A 4435422.
  • microcapsules having an average particle size in the range from 0.5 to 100 .mu.m, it being possible to adjust the particle size in a manner known per se by means of the shearing force, the stirring rate, the protective colloid and its concentration.
  • the microcapsules are prepared in the presence of at least one organic protective colloid, which may be both anionic and neutral. It is also possible to use anionic and nonionic protective colloids together. Preference is given to using inorganic protective colloids, optionally mixed with organic protective colloids or nonionic protective colloids.
  • Organic protective colloids are water-soluble polymers, as these lower the surface tension of the water from 73 mN / m to a maximum of 45 to 70 mN / m and thus ensure the formation of closed capsule walls and microcapsules with preferred particle sizes between 0.5 and 30 .mu.m, preferably 0.5 and 12 microns, form.
  • Organic neutral protective colloids are cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, gum arabic, xanthan, sodium alginate, casein, polyethylene glycols, preferably polyvinyl alcohol and partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates and methylhydroxypropylcellulose.
  • Particularly preferred organically neutral protective colloids are OH-functional protective colloids such as polyvinyl alcohol and partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates and also methylhydroxypropylcellulose.
  • Suitable organic anionic protective colloids are polymethacrylic acid, the copolymers of sulfoethyl acrylate and methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate and methacrylate, N- (sulfoethyl) -maleimide, 2-acrylamido-2-alkylsulfonic acids, styrenesulfonic acid and vinylsulfonic acid.
  • Preferred organic anionic protective colloids are naphthalenesulfonic acid and naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates and especially polyacrylic acids and phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates.
  • a Pickering system can consist of the solid particles alone or in addition of auxiliaries which improve the dispersibility of the particles in water or the wettability of the particles by the lipophilic phase.
  • the inorganic solid particles may be metal salts, such as salts, oxides and hydroxides of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, nickel, titanium, aluminum, silicon, barium and manganese. Mention may be made of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide and zinc sulfide. Silicates, bentonite, hydroxyapatite and hydrotalcites are also mentioned. Particularly preferred are highly disperse silicas, magnesium pyrophosphate and tricalcium phosphate.
  • the Pickering systems can both be added to the water phase first, as well as added to the stirred oil-in-water emulsion.
  • Some Fine, solid particles are produced by precipitation, as described in EP-A 1 029 018, and EP-A 1 321 182.
  • the highly dispersed silicas can be dispersed as fine, solid particles in water. But it is also possible to use so-called colloidal dispersions of silica in water.
  • the colloidal dispersions are alkaline, aqueous mixtures of silica. In the alkaline pH range, the particles are swollen and stable in water.
  • the pH of the oil-in-water emulsion is adjusted to pH 2 to 7 with an acid.
  • the neutral protective colloids are used in amounts of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the aqueous phase.
  • amounts of from 0.5 to 15% by weight, based on the water phase are generally used.
  • the organic anionic and nonionic protective colloids are generally used in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the water phase of the emulsion.
  • inorganic protective colloids and mixtures with organic protective colloids are preferred.
  • organic neutral protective colloids are preferred.
  • the dispersing conditions for preparing the stable oil-in-water emulsion are selected in a manner known per se such that the oil droplets have the size of the desired capsules. Also, microcapsules can be obtained.
  • the microcapsule dispersions obtained by the polymerization give, on spray drying, a readily pourable capsule powder.
  • the spray drying of the microcapsule dispersion can be carried out in the usual way.
  • the procedure is that the inlet temperature of the hot air flow in the range of 100 to 200 0 C, preferably 120 to 160 0 C, and the outlet temperature of the hot air flow in the range of 30 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 80 0 C.
  • the spraying of the aqueous polymer dispersion in the hot air stream can be effected, for example, by means of single-component or multi-component nozzles or via a rotating disk.
  • the deposition of the polymer powder is usually carried out using cyclones or filter separators.
  • spraying aids are added for spray drying in order to facilitate spray drying or to adjust certain powder properties, eg low dust, flowability or improved redispersibility.
  • spraying aids are familiar to the person skilled in the art. Examples thereof can be found in DE-A 19629525, DE-A 19629526, DE-A 2214410, DE-A 2445813, EP-A 407889 or EP-A 784449.
  • Advantageous spray aids are, for example, water-soluble polymers of the polyvinyl alcohol or partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, cellulose derivatives such as Hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, preferably polyvinyl alcohol and partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates and methylhydroxypropylcellulose.
  • the latent heat storage component A may contain latent heat storage as a powder or as a shaped body, for example as granules.
  • latent heat storage as a powder or as a shaped body, for example as granules.
  • all forms known in the prior art such as, for example, spherical, disc, rod, ring or star-shaped bodies are conceivable. Preferred are star shaped moldings.
  • the dimensions of the moldings for the components A are preferably in the range of 200 microns to 5 cm, more preferably in the range of 500 microns to 2 cm and in particular in the range of 1 mm to 1 cm. Accordingly, a corresponding shaped body has an extension in at least one dimension of the space, which is in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 cm. The same applies to the preferred ranges.
  • These shaped-body particles may have an amorphous, spherical, or even rod-shaped form, depending on the particular production method.
  • the average diameter is preferably 200 ⁇ m to 2 cm, more preferably 500 ⁇ m to 1 cm.
  • Rod-like shapes have a maximum length of 5 cm in their longest extent, usually in the range of 1 mm to 2 cm.
  • the shortest extent usually has a value of at least 200 .mu.m, usually from 500 .mu.m to 10 mm, preferably 500 .mu.m to 5 mm.
  • the length to diameter ratio will usually not exceed the value of 10: 1, preferably 5: 1.
  • 90% by weight of the particles are> 500 ⁇ m, preferably> 700 ⁇ m, in particular> 1 mm, determined by sieving technique.
  • the particles are asymmetrical aggregates of powder particles which are only approximately spherical in shape of a sphere, a rod, or a cylinder. sen and whose surface is often uneven and jagged. Such particles are often referred to as granules or agglomerate.
  • Another form of agglomerate rate are pellets or tablets, as known from the pharmaceutical industry.
  • the particles according to the invention can assume any desired geometric shapes.
  • geometric primitives can be spheres, cylinders, cubes, cuboids, prisms, pyramids, cones, truncated cones, and truncated pyramids.
  • Star strands, cross strands, rib strands and trilobes are also suitable.
  • the geometric bodies can be hollow as well as filled. Cavities, such as incorporated tubes, increase the surface area of the geometric body while reducing its volume. Star-shaped bodies are preferred.
  • particles whose surface area to volume ratio obeys the following relation are preferred:
  • ⁇ 2.6 preferably ⁇ 2.8 and in particular ⁇ 3.0.
  • surface and volume are to be understood as surfaces and volumes which the eye is able to visually perceive when viewing the geometric body. That is, internal volumes and surfaces resulting from finely divided pores and / or cracks in the material of the geometric body are not included.
  • the pore area of the particles according to the invention measured by mercury porosimetry according to DIN 66133 is preferably 2-100 m 2 / g.
  • the coarse-particle moldings or preparations according to the invention consist of at least 90% by weight, predominantly of microcapsules and polymeric binders.
  • the preparations according to the invention comprise at least 80% by weight of microcapsules and polymeric binder.
  • the preparation contains 2-20% by weight of graphite based on the total weight of the coarse-particle preparation.
  • the binder content is preferably 1-40% by weight, preferably 1-30% by weight, in particular 1-20% by weight and very particularly preferably 2-15% by weight, based on the total weight of the coarsely divided preparation.
  • preferred formulations contain 55-94% by weight of latent heat storage material, 1-40% by weight of polymeric binder calculated as solids, microcapsule wall material and 0-10% by weight of other additives.
  • granules of from 85 to 99% by weight of microencapsulated latent heat accumulators, from 1 to 15% by weight of polymeric binder calculated as solids and from 0 to 5% by weight of other additives.
  • the coarse-particle microcapsule preparations are usually prepared by processing with water or aqueous substances, the preparations may still contain residues of water.
  • the amount of residual moisture is usually from 0 to about 2 wt .-% based on the total weight.
  • Polymeric binders are well known. These are fluid systems which contain a disperse phase in aqueous dispersion medium consisting of a plurality of intertwined polymer chains, which are known as polymer pellets or polymer particles, in disperse distribution.
  • the weight-average diameter of the polymer particles is often in the range from 10 to 1000 nm, often 50 to 500 nm or 100 to 400 nm.
  • the polymeric binder contains the auxiliaries described below.
  • polymeric binders it is possible in principle to use all finely divided polymers which are capable, at the processing temperature, of forming a polymer film, i. are film-forming at these temperatures.
  • the polymers are not water-soluble. This makes it possible to use the coarse-particle preparations according to the invention in moist or aqueous systems.
  • the glass transition temperature of -60 to +150 0 C, often -20 to +130 0 C, and often from 0 to + 120 ° C.
  • T 9 the limit of the glass transition temperature, which according to G. Kanig (Kolloid-Zeitschrift & Zeitschrift fur Polymere, Vol. 190, page 1, Equation 1) tends to increase with increasing molecular weight.
  • the glass transition temperature is determined by the DSC method (differential scanning calorimetry, 20 K / min, midpoint measurement, DIN 53 765).
  • the glass transition temperature of polymers which are composed of ethylenically unsaturated monomers can be controlled in a known manner via the monomer composition (TG Fox, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. (Ser. II) 1, 123 [1956] and Ullmanns Enzyklopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., Vol. A21, Weinheim (1989) p. 169).
  • Preferred polymers are formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers M, the wt .-%, in particular at least 90 wt .-% of ethylenically unsaturated monomers A having a water solubility of ⁇ 10 g / l (25 0 C and 1 bar is usually at least 80 ), wherein up to 30 wt .-%, eg 5 to 25 wt .-% of the monomers A may be replaced by acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile.
  • the polymers contain from 0.5 to 20 wt .-% of the monomers A different monomers B.
  • monomers B are all quantities for monomers in wt .-% based on 100 wt .-% of monomers M.
  • monomers A are simply ethylenically unsaturated or conjugated diolefins. Examples of monomers A are:
  • esters of an ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 6 monocarboxylic acid or C 4 -C 8 - dicarboxylic acid with a Ci-Cio-alkanol Preferably, these are esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate Etc.;
  • vinyl aromatic compounds such as styrene, 4-chlorostyrene, 2-methylstyrene, etc .;
  • Vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propoxide, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl versatate, etc .; Olefins, such as ethylene or propylene;
  • conjugated diolefins such as butadiene or isoprene
  • Preferred film-forming polymers are selected from the polymer classes I to IV listed below:
  • copolymers (styrene with alkyl acrylates), ie copolymers which merized as monomer A, styrene and at least one Ci-Cio-alkyl esters of acrylic acid and optionally einpoly- one or more Ci-Ci o alkyl ester of methacrylic acid;
  • copolymers of styrene with butadiene ie copolymers as monomer A, styrene and butadiene, and optionally (meth) acrylate of -C 8 - contain alkanols, acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile in copolymerized form;
  • homopolymers and copolymers of alkyl (meth) acrylates (acrylics), ie, homopolymers and copolymers having a Ci-Ci o contain, as monomers A, at least alkyl esters of acrylic acid and / or a Ci-Cio-alkyl esters of methacrylic acid in copolymerized form, in particular copolymers which contain in copolymerized form as monomers A methyl methacrylate, at least one C 1 -C 10 -alkyl ester of acrylic acid and optionally one C 2 -C 10 -alkyl ester of methacrylic acid;
  • V Copolymers of styrene with acrylonitrile.
  • Ci-Ci o alkyl ester of acrylic acid in the copolymers of class I to IV ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
  • Typical copolymers of class I contain, as monomers A 20 to 80 wt .-% and in particular 30 to 70 wt .-% of styrene and 20 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 70 wt .-% of at least one Ci-Ci O Alkyl esters of acrylic acid, such as n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, in each case based on the total amount of monomers A.
  • Typical copolymers of class II comprise, as monomers A, in each case based on the total amount of monomers A, 30 to 85% by weight, preferably 40 to 80% by weight and more preferably 50 to 75% by weight of styrene and 15 to 70 Wt .-%, preferably 20 to 60 wt .-% and particularly preferably 25 to 50 wt .-% butadiene, wherein 5 to 20 wt .-% of the aforementioned monomers A by (meth) acrylic acid esters of d-Cs-alkanols and / or replaced by acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile.
  • Typical copolymers of class III comprise, as monomers A, in each case based on the total amount of monomers A, from 20 to 80% by weight, preferably from 30 to 70% by weight.
  • Monomers selected from acrylic acid esters of Ci-Ci 0 -alkanols, in particular n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate and optionally a methacrylic acid ester of a C 2 -Cio-alkanol in a total amount of 20 to 80 wt .-% and preferably 30 copolymerized to 70 wt .-%.
  • Typical homopolymers and copolymers of class IV comprise, as monomers A, in each case based on the total amount of monomers A, from 30 to 100% by weight, preferably from 40 to 100% by weight and particularly preferably from 50 to 100% by weight, of a vinyl ester an aliphatic carboxylic acid, in particular vinyl acetate and 0 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 60 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0 to 50 wt .-% of a C 2 -C 6 olefin, in particular ethylene and optionally one or two more Monomers selected from (meth) acrylic acid esters of Ci-Cio-alkanols copolymerized in an amount of 1 to 15 wt .-%.
  • the polymers of classes IV and V are particularly suitable.
  • Homopolymers of vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids, in particular of vinyl acetate, are preferred.
  • a specific embodiment are those which are stabilized with protective colloids such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and anionic emulsifiers. Such an embodiment is described in WO 02/26845, to which reference is expressly made.
  • Preferred monomers B are selected from monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 C atoms, in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, their amides such as acrylamide and methacrylamide, their N-alkylolamides such as N-methylolacrylamide and N-methylolmethacrylamide, their hydroxyl groups.
  • C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2- and 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2- and 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate and monoethylenically unsaturated monomers with oligoalkylene oxide chains, preferably with polyethylene oxide chains having degrees of oligomerization preferably in the range from 2 to 200, for example monovinyl and monoallyl ethers of oligoethylene glycols and also esters of acrylic acid, maleic acid or methacrylic acid with oligoethylene glycols.
  • the proportion of monomers having acid groups is preferably not more than 10% by weight and more preferably not more than 5% by weight, e.g. 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the monomers M.
  • other monomers B also include crosslinking monomers, such as glycidyl ethers and esters, for example vinyl, allyl and methallyl glycidyl ethers, glycidyl acrylate and methacrylate, the diacetonylamides of the abovementioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, for example diacetone (meth) acrylamide , and the esters of acetylacetic acid with the abovementioned hydroxyalkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, for example acetylacetoxyethyl (meth) acrylate.
  • crosslinking monomers such as glycidyl ethers and esters, for example vinyl, allyl and methallyl glycidyl ethers, glycidyl acrylate and methacrylate
  • monomers B further include compounds having two non-conjugated ethylenically unsaturated bonds, for example, diacrylates, the di- and oligoesters of polyhydric alcohols with a, b-monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 0 monocarboxylic acids, such as alkylene glycol diacrylates and dimethacrylates, for example ethylene glycol , 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, and also divinylbenzene, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate, diallyl maleate, diallyl fumarate, methylenebisacrylamide, cyclopentadienyl acrylate, tricyclodecenyl (meth) acrylate, N, N'-divinylimidazoline.
  • diacrylates the di- and oligoesters of polyhydric
  • the proportion of crosslinking monomers is generally not more than 1 wt .-%, based on the total amount of monomer and will not exceed 0.1 wt .-% in particular.
  • monomers B are vinylsilanes, for example vinyltrialkoxysilanes. These are, if desired, used in an amount of 0.01 to 1 wt .-%, based on the total amount of monomers in the preparation of the polymers.
  • Aqueous polymer dispersions are accessible, in particular, by free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. This method has been described many times and is therefore sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art [cf. for example, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 659-677, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1987; DC Blackley, Emulsion Polymerization, pp. 155-465, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., Essex, 1975; DC Blackley, polymer latices, 2 nd Edition, Vol 1, pages 33 to 415, Chapman & Hall., 1997; H.
  • the free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization is usually carried out by dispersing the ethylenically unsaturated monomers, frequently with the concomitant use of surface-active substances, in an aqueous medium and polymerizing them by means of at least one free-radical polymerization initiator.
  • the residual contents of unreacted monomers are also chemical and / or physical methods known to the person skilled in the art [see, for example, EP-A 771328, DE-A 19624299, DE-A 19621027, DE-A 19741 184, DE-A.
  • the polymer solids content is adjusted by dilution or concentration to a desired value or the aqueous polymer dispersion further conventional additives, such as bactericidal or added foam-suppressing additives.
  • the polymer solids contents of the aqueous polymer dispersions are from 30 to 80% by weight, from 40 to 70% by weight or from 45 to 65% by weight.
  • aqueous polymer dispersions and the powder produced therefrom are also com-stickally available, for example under the trademarks ACRONAL ®, STYRONAL® ®, Butofan ®, Sty ROFAN ® and Kollicoat ® of BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany, VINNOFIL ® and VINNAPAS ® Fa. Wacker Chemie GmbH, Burghausen, and RHO DIMAX ® from. Rhodia SA
  • emulsifiers As surface-active substances for emulsion polymerization, the usual Cholesteric emulsifiers and protective colloids used for the emulsion polymerization into consideration.
  • Preferred emulsifiers are anionic and nonionic emulsifiers which, unlike the protective colloids, generally have a molecular weight below 2000 g / mol and in amounts of up to 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight .-%, based on the polymer in the dispersion or on the monomers M to be polymerized.
  • Such protective colloids are already mentioned by way of example for the formation of microcapsules.
  • the anionic emulsifiers include alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl: C8-C 2 0), ethoxylated sulfuric acid monoesters of alkanols (EO degree: from 2 to 50, alkyl radical: C 8 to C 2 o) and with ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO units : 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 -C 2 0), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C 8 to C 2 o), of sulfonated mono- and di-C ⁇ -Cis-alkyldiphenyl ethers, as described in US-A 4,269,749 , and of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C 4 -C 2 O) - Further suitable anionic emulsifiers can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Macromolecular substances, Georg-
  • Suitable nonionic emulsifiers are araliphatic or aliphatic nonionic emulsifiers, for example ethoxylated mono-, di- and trialkylphenols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 -C 9 ), ethoxylates of long-chain alcohols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical : C 8 -C 3 6), as well as polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide block copolymers.
  • ethoxylates of long-chain alkanols alkyl: approximately degree C 1 0-C 22, average ethoxylation: 3 to 50
  • alkyl approximately degree C 1 0-C 22, average ethoxylation: 3 to 50
  • fetch based on Oxoalko- and naturally occurring alcohols with a linear or branched C 2 -C 8 alkyl radical and an ethoxylation degree of 8 to 50 alkyl: approximately degree C 1 0-C 22, average ethoxylation: 3 to 50
  • the molecular weight of the polymers can be adjusted by adding regulators in a small amount, generally up to 2% by weight, based on the polymerizing monomers M.
  • Suitable regulators are, in particular, organic thio compounds, furthermore allyl alcohols and aldehydes.
  • regulators are frequently used in an amount of 0.1 to 2 wt .-%, preferably organic thio compounds such as tert-dodecyl mercaptan.
  • the polymer dispersions used are frequently made alkaline prior to their use according to the invention, preferably adjusted to pH values in the range from 7 to 10.
  • ammonia or organic amines can be used, and preferably hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide can be used.
  • the aqueous polymer dispersions are subjected in a known manner to a drying process, preferably in the presence of customary drying auxiliaries.
  • Preferred drying method is the spray drying.
  • the drying aid is used in an amount of 1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 20 wt .-%, based on the polymer content of the dispersion to be dried.
  • the spray-drying of the polymer dispersions to be dried is generally carried out as already described for the microcapsule dispersion, often in the presence of a conventional drying assistant such as homopolymers and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with monomers carrying hydroxyl groups, vinylaromatic monomers, Olefins and / or (meth) acrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohol and in particular arylsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products and mixtures thereof.
  • a conventional drying assistant such as homopolymers and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with monomers carrying hydroxyl groups, vinylaromatic monomers, Olefins and / or (meth) acrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohol and in particular arylsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products and mixtures thereof.
  • a conventional anticaking agent such as a finely divided inorganic oxide, for example, a finely divided silica or a finely divided silicate, e.g., a finely divided silicate, may be added to the polymer dispersion to be dried.
  • Add talc a conventional anticaking agent such as a finely divided inorganic oxide, for example, a finely divided silica or a finely divided silicate, e.g., a finely divided silicate
  • binder polymers For certain uses of the coarse-particled formulations of the invention, water-stability of the binder polymers is not necessary, for example in closed nonaqueous systems. In such cases, binder polymers are also suitable which are water-soluble or partially water-soluble.
  • Suitable natural polymeric binders such as starch and cellulose and synthetic polymeric binders.
  • Such binders are, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate having a degree of hydrolysis of at least 60%, and also copolymers of vinyl acetate with vinylpyrrolidone, furthermore graft polymers of polyvinyl acetate with polyethers, in particular ethylene oxide. Graft polymers of polyvinyl acetate with ethylene oxide have proved to be particularly advantageous. Such graft polymers are described, for example, in EP-A 1 124 541, to the teaching of which reference is expressly made.
  • Such polymers are also commercially available, eg under the trade names KOLLIDON ® and Kollicoat ® from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
  • the preparation of the coarse-particle preparation can be carried out in such a way that the microstructure encapsulates together with the polymeric binder and water into a coarse-particled form, for example, granulated or extruded, and then optionally dried.
  • the binder may be added to the microcapsule powder.
  • the binder can already be added as a spraying aid during the spray drying of the microcapsules.
  • Such preferred binders are those mentioned above for the spray-drying of the microcapsules. They are usually added in an amount of 1 to 10 wt .-% based on the solids content of the microcapsule dispersion. In these cases, the addition of further binder is possible, but not usually necessary.
  • the binders used may also be the organic protective colloids used in the preparation of the microcapsules. An addition of further binders is then generally unnecessary. According to this preferred variant, from 10 to 100% by weight of one or more C 1 -C 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid (monomers I), 0 to 80% by weight of a bifunctional or polyfunctional monomer (monomers II), which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water and 0 to 90 wt .-% of other monomers (monomer III), in each case based on the total weight of the monomers, the latent heat storage material and the organic protective colloid prepared an oil-in-water emulsion and the capsule wall formed by radical polymerization, the resulting microcapsule dispersion spray-dried and brought into a coarse-particle form.
  • monomers I C 1 -C 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid
  • monomers II 0 to 80% by weight of
  • the preparation of the preparation can be carried out according to the methods known for agglomerates such as pellets, tablets and granules.
  • Agglomerates according to the invention are obtainable by moving the microcapsule powder together with the binder in a drum or on suitable plates, so-called pelletizing plates.
  • drum granulation the microcapsules travel continuously in the axial direction through a slightly inclined, rotating drum and are sprayed with the polymeric binder.
  • plate granulation the microcapsules are applied continuously via a metering device to a pelletizing plate, admixed with the polymeric binder and run after reaching a certain granule size over the edge of the plate.
  • Drum and plate granulation is particularly suitable for continuous operation and thus for large-volume products.
  • the drying is advantageously carried out in a continuous fluidized bed or a drum dryer. When batchwise and vacuum drying comes into question.
  • granules can be made in conventional fluidized bed granulators.
  • the microcapsule powders which are separated by an upward ström in suspension, sprayed in cocurrent or countercurrent with the polymeric binder dispersion and dried. That is, the polymeric binder is sprayed onto a fluidized powder.
  • Fluidized bed granulation is equally suitable for batchwise and continuous operation.
  • an aqueous microcapsule dispersion and an aqueous binder dispersion can also be sprayed and dried together or via two different nozzles into the granulator. This procedure has the advantage that the microcapsule dispersion does not have to be specially predried, but can be granulated together with the binder dispersion.
  • granules can be prepared by mixer granulation.
  • Mixers are used, which are provided with rigid or rotating inserts (eg Diosna Pharmamischer) and ideally in one operation mix, granulate and dry.
  • the microcapsule powder is built up with the addition of the polymeric binder and optionally water, by the rearrangement movement to granules. These are then dried in a fluidized bed, convection or vacuum dryer and comminuted by screening machines or mills.
  • a vacuum rotary mixing dryer is particularly gentle and dust-free.
  • microcapsules are extruded together with the polymeric binder.
  • the preparation of the coarse-particle preparation is carried out with the addition of water and the polymeric binder. It is possible to meter in the water to the microcapsule and / or binder powder.
  • the microcapsule powder is mixed directly with a binder dispersion of the desired water content.
  • the water content is 10-40 wt .-% based on the total mixture.
  • a lower water content usually leads to incomplete mixing of the two components and poor moldability.
  • Higher water contents are possible in principle, above 50 wt .-% water, the mass can no longer be extruded, but deliquesces.
  • Suitable extruders such as single- or twin-screw extruder and the so-called melt calendering or melt tableting.
  • Twin-screw extruders work on the principle of a mixing unit, which simultaneously transports forward and forwards on a nozzle tool.
  • the product in the feed zone is compressed against the heating zone.
  • the substances are dispersed and possibly degassed.
  • the mixture is discharged under pressure through a die tool.
  • the binder polymer should form a film under the processing conditions, i. it should at least partially melt or soften, but without becoming too fluid to get the microcapsule preparation into shape.
  • a suitable temperature range is the range of 25K below to about 50K above the glass transition temperature.
  • the softening range of the binder polymer can sometimes be significantly lowered by plasticizer or solvent effects, so that in the presence of these substances, a processing up to 50 K below the glass transition temperature is possible. With the use of volatile plasticizers, it is thus possible to remove them after the shaping process, whereby a greater strength is achieved. Since water is a plasticizer for polar and water-soluble film-forming polymers, consideration of the glass transition temperature of the pure polymer in these cases does not apply.
  • the nozzle tool of the extruder may consist of one or more hole nozzles or a flat nozzle as desired or may have a more complex shape, for example tubular. Preference is given to nozzles with which particles are obtained whose ratio of surface to volume obeys the following relation:
  • Preferred nozzles have for example a cross or star shape, for example 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-pointed.
  • the temperatures in the extruder are 40 to 120 ° C. It is possible that a constant temperature prevails. It is also possible that along the transport direction of the microcapsule / binder mixture, a temperature gradient of 40 to 120 0 C prevails. Any gradations are possible with the gradient from continuous to stepwise.
  • the agglomeration at these temperatures has the advantage that some of the water already evaporates during the mixing and / or compression process.
  • lubricants such as stearic acid are added for extrusion.
  • additives of the coarse-particle microcapsule preparation may be: dyes, pigments, antistatic agents, hydrophilizing agents and preferably graphite, in particular expanded graphite.
  • the preparation contains from 2 to 20% by weight of graphite, based on the total weight of the coarse-particle preparation.
  • Compressed graphite expanded powder or chippings can be re-expanded if needed for further use. Such a process is described in US-A 5,882,570. In this way one obtains a so-called reexpand Arthurs graphite powder (Reexpandat).
  • expanded graphite is used collectively for (i) graphite expandate, (ii) powder obtained by crushing compressed graphite expandate, (iii) powder obtained by comminuting graphite expandate, and (iv) by re-expanding crushed compacted matter Graphite expandate made Reexpandat. All forms (i) to (iv) of the expanded graphite are suitable additives of the coarse microcapsule preparation.
  • the graphite expandate has a bulk density of 2 to 20 g / l
  • the crushed graphite expandate has a bulk density of 20 to 150 g / l
  • the crushed compacted graphite expandate has a bulk density of 60 to 200 g / l
  • the re-expanded densified graphite expandate has a bulk density of 20 to 150 g / l.
  • the BET specific surface area is typically between 25 and 40 m 2 / g. As the diameter of the particles increases, the BET surface area of the expanded graphite decreases but remains at a relatively high level.
  • expanded graphite with an average particle size of 5 mm still has a BET surface area of more than 10 m 2 / g.
  • expanded graphite with average particle sizes in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 5 mm is suitable.
  • microcapsule preparations according to the invention have sealed the latent heat storage material, so that no emissions to the ambient air can be detected. This not only allows their use in closed systems, but also in open systems.
  • the coarse-particle microcapsule preparations as component A are outstandingly suitable for use in admixture with the framework component B. They have a good hardness and are abrasion-resistant. Their coarse-particle structure allows for a freely selectable storage geometry, for example, beds in chemical reactors or columns, as well as in through-flow applications such as heat exchangers.
  • the coarse-particle microcapsules Due to the favorable ratios of surface to interstices of the particles with each other, a large heat transfer is possible, which can be quickly dissipated by the good flow through any carrier material such as air or water. Based on the volume of the preparation, the coarse-particle microcapsules have a very high storage capacity and thus have a very high degree of efficiency. Thus, they have a small footprint as well as a lower storage weight with the same storage capacity compared to conventional heat storage.
  • the mixture according to the invention contains a framework component B.
  • This contains at least one porous organometallic framework material containing at least one coordinated to at least one metal ion at least bidentate organic compound.
  • component B may also contain several different porous organometallic frameworks.
  • organometallic frameworks are known in the art and are described, for example, in US 5,648,508, EP-A-790,253, M. O'Keeffe et al., J. Sol. State Chem., 152 (2000), pages 3 to 20, H. Li et al., Nature 402, (1999), page 276, M. Eddaoudi et al., Topics in Catalysis ⁇ , (1999), pages 105 to 1 11, B. Chen et al., Science 291, (2001), pages 1021 to 1023 and DE-A-101 1 1 230.
  • MOF organometallic frameworks
  • porous organometallic frameworks are those in which the organic compound as a ligand represents a mono-, bi- or polycyclic ring system which is selected from at least one of the heterocycles selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, alpha-pyridone and gamma-pyridone and has at least two nitrogen ring atoms.
  • the electrochemical preparation of such frameworks is described in WO-A 2007/131955.
  • the organometallic frameworks according to the present invention contain pores, in particular micro and / or mesopores.
  • Micropores are defined as those having a diameter of 2 nm or smaller and mesopores are defined by a diameter in the range of 2 to 50 nm, each according to the definition as described by Pure & Applied Chem. 57 (1983), 603-619, in particular on page 606.
  • the presence of micro- and / or mesopores can be checked by means of sorption measurements, these measurements determining the uptake capacity of the MOF for nitrogen at 77 Kelvin according to DIN 66131 and / or DIN 66134.
  • the specific surface area - calculated according to the Langmuir model (DIN 66131, 66134) for a MOF in powder form is more than 100 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 300 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 700 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 800 m 2 / g, even more preferably more than 1000 m 2 / g and particularly preferably more than 1200 m 2 / g.
  • Shaped bodies containing organometallic frameworks may have a lower active surface area; but preferably more than 150 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 300 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 700 m 2 / g.
  • the metal component in the framework of the present invention is preferably selected from Groups Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa to Villa and Ib to VIb. Particularly preferred are Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ln, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ro, Os, Co, Rh, Ir , Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb and Bi, where Ln is lanthanide.
  • Lanthanides are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, En, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb.
  • Al, Mo, Y, Sc, Mg, Fe and Zn are preferred.
  • At least bidentate organic compound refers to an organic compound containing at least one functional group capable of having at least two coordinative bonds to a given metal ion, and / or to two or more, preferably two, metal atoms each having a coordinative bond train.
  • Examples of functional groups which can be used to form the abovementioned coordinative bonds are, for example, the following functional groups: -CO 2 H, -CS 2 H, -NO 2 , -B (OH) 2 , -SO 3 H, - Si (OH) 3 , -Ge (OH) 3 , -Sn (OH) 3 , -Si (SH) 4 , -Ge (SH) 4 , -Sn (SH) 3 , -PO 3 H, -AsO 3 H , -AsO 4 H, -P (SH) 3 , -As (SH) 3 , -CH (RSH) 2 , -C (RSH) 3 -CH (RNH 2 ), -C (RNH 2 ) 3 , -CH (ROH) 2, -C (ROH) 3, -CH (RCN) 2, C (RCN) 3 wherein R is for example, preferably an alkylene group having 1, 2, 3, 4 or
  • functional groups are to be mentioned where the above R is not present.
  • -CH (SH) 2 , -C (SH) 3 -CH (NH 2 ) 2 , -C (NH 2 ) 3 , -CH (OH) 2 , -C (OH) 3 , -CH (CN) 2 or -C (CN) 3 .
  • the functional groups can also be heteroatoms of a heterocycle.
  • nitrogen atoms are mentioned here.
  • the at least two functional groups can in principle be bound to any suitable organic compound, as long as it is ensured that the organic compound having these functional groups is capable of forming the coordinate bond and for preparing the framework material.
  • the organic compounds containing the at least two functional groups are derived from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic compound or an aromatic compound or an aliphatic as well as aromatic compound.
  • the aliphatic compound or the aliphatic portion of the both aliphatic and aromatic compound may be linear and / or branched and / or cyclic, wherein also several cycles per compound are possible. More preferably, the aliphatic compound or the aliphatic portion of the both aliphatic and aromatic compound contains 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 14, further preferably 1 to 13, further preferably 1 to 12, further preferably 1 to 1 1 and especially preferably 1 to 10 C atoms such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 C atoms. In particular, methane, adamantane, acetylene, ethylene or butadiene are preferred.
  • the aromatic compound or the aromatic part of both the aromatic and the aliphatic compound may have one or more nuclei, for example two, three, four or five nuclei, wherein the nuclei may be present separately from each other and / or at least two nuclei in condensed form ,
  • the aromatic compound or the aromatic moiety of the both aliphatic and aromatic compounds has one, two or three nuclei, with one or two nuclei being particularly preferred.
  • each nucleus of the named compound may contain at least one heteroatom, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Al, preferably N, O and / or S.
  • the aromatic compound or the aromatic moiety of the both aromatic and aliphatic compounds contains one or two C 6 cores, the two being either separately or in condensed form.
  • the aromatic compounds benzene, naphthalene and / or biphenyl and / or Bipyridyl and / or pyridyl.
  • the at least bidentate organic compound an aliphatic or aromatic, acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon having 1 to 18, preferably 1 to 10 and especially 6 carbon atoms, which also has only 2, 3 or 4 carboxyl groups as functional groups.
  • the at least bidentate organic compound is derived from a dicarboxylic acid such as oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-butenedicarboxylic acid, 4-oxo-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6 Hexanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,9-heptanecanedicarboxylic acid, heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,3 - dicarboxylic acid, 1, 3-butadiene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, p-benzenedicarboxylic acid,
  • the at least bidentate organic compound is one of the above-exemplified dicarboxylic acid as such.
  • the at least bidentate organic compound may be derived from a tricarboxylic acid, such as
  • the at least bidentate organic compound is one of the above-exemplified tricarboxylic acids as such.
  • the at least bidentate organic compound is one of the above exemplified tetracarboxylic acids as such.
  • Preferred heterocycles as at least bidentate organic compounds in which a coordinate bond takes place via the ring heteroatoms are the following substituted or unsubstituted ring systems:
  • Suitable heteroatoms are, for example, N, O, S, B, P. Preferred heteroatoms here are N, S and / or O.
  • a suitable substituent in this regard is, inter alia, -OH, a nitro group, an amino group or an alkyl or alkoxy group.
  • Particularly preferred at least bidentate organic compounds are imidazolates, such as 2-methylimidazolate, acetylenedicarboxylic acid (ADC), camphericarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, benzenedicarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid (BDC), aminoterephthalic acid, triethylenediamine (TEDA), naphthalenedicarboxylic acids ( NDC), biphenyldicarboxylic acids such as 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BPDC), pyrazine dicarboxylic acids such as 2,5-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, bipyridine dicarboxylic acids such as 2,2'-bipyridine dicarboxylic acids such as 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5 'dicarboxylic acid, benzene tricarboxylic acids such as 1,2,3-, 1, 2,4-benzene
  • the organometallic framework material may also comprise one or more monodentate ligands and / or one or more at least bidentate ligands which are not derived from a di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acid.
  • the MOF may also comprise one or more monodentate ligands.
  • Suitable solvents for the preparation of the MOF include ethanol, dimethylformamide, Toluene, methanol, chlorobenzene, diethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, water, hydrogen peroxide, methylamine, caustic soda, N-methylpolidone ether, acetonitrile, benzyl chloride, triethylamine, ethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
  • Further metal ions, at least bidentate organic compounds and solvents for the preparation of MOF are described, inter alia, in US Pat. No. 5,648,508 or DE-A 101 11 230.
  • the pore size of the organometallic framework can be controlled by choice of the appropriate ligand and / or the at least bidentate organic compound. Generally, the larger the organic compound, the larger the pore size.
  • the pore size is preferably from 0.2 nm to 30 nm, more preferably the pore size is in the range from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, based on the crystalline material.
  • larger pores also occur whose size distribution can vary.
  • more than 50% of the total pore volume, in particular more than 75%, of pores having a pore diameter of up to 1000 nm is formed.
  • a majority of the pore volume is formed by pores of two diameter ranges. It is therefore further preferred if more than 25% of the total pore volume, in particular more than 50% of the total pore volume, is formed by pores which are in a diameter range of 100 nm to 800 nm and if more than 15% of the total pore volume in particular more than 25% of the total pore volume is formed by pores which are in a diameter range or up to 10 nm.
  • the pore distribution can be determined by means of mercury porosimetry.
  • organometallic frameworks The following are examples of organometallic frameworks.
  • the metal and the at least bidentate ligands the solvent and the cell parameters (angles ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ as well as the distances A, B and C in A) are also indicated. The latter were determined by X-ray diffraction.
  • organometallic frameworks are MOF-2 to 4, MOF-9, MOF-31 to 36, MOF-39, MOF-69 to 80, MOF103 to 106, MOF-122, MOF-125, MOF-150, MOF-177, MOF-178, MOF-235, MOF-236, MOF-500, MOF-501, MOF-502, MOF-505, IRMOF-1, IRMOF-61, IRMOP-13, IRMOP-51, MIL-17, MIL 45, MIL-47, MIL-53, MIL-59, MIL-60, MIL-61, MIL-63, MIL-68, MIL-79, MIL-80, MIL-83, MIL-85, CPL-1 to 2, SZL-1 which are described in the literature.
  • organometallic frameworks are MIL-53, Zn-t-isophthalic acid, Al-BDC, MOF-5, IRMOF-8, Cu-BTC, Al-NDC, Al-AminoBDC, Cu-BDC-TEDA, Zn-BDC-TEDA , Al-BTC, Al-NDC, Mg-NDC, Al-fumarate, Zn-2-methylimidazolate, Zn-2-aminoimidazolate, Cu-biphenyldicarboxylate-TEDA, MOF-177, MOF-74. Further more preferred are Al-BDC and Al-BTC.
  • organometallic framework materials produced in this way have particularly good properties in connection with the adsorption and desorption of chemical substances, in particular of gases.
  • the organometallic framework material precipitates in a powdery or crystalline form.
  • This can be used as such as sorbent in the inventive mixture alone or together with other sorbents or other materials. This is preferably done as bulk material, in particular in a fixed bed.
  • the organometallic framework material can be converted into a shaped body. Preferred methods here are the extrusion or tableting.
  • further materials such as binders, lubricants or other additives may be added to the metal-organic framework.
  • mixtures of framework material and other adsorbents, for example activated carbon to be produced as a shaped body or to give moldings separately, which are then used as shaped-body mixtures.
  • pellets such as disc-shaped pellets, pills, spheres, granules, extrudates such as strands, honeycomb, mesh or hollow body may be mentioned.
  • Component B is preferably present as a shaped body.
  • Preferred embodiments are tablets and strand-like extrudates.
  • the shaped bodies preferably extend in at least one dimension of the space in the range from 0.2 mm to 30 mm, more preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, in particular from 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the middle weight of the mixture is typically in the range of 0.2 to 0.7 Kg / L.
  • the framework material can then be further processed according to the method described above to give a shaped body.
  • Kneading and molding may be done according to any suitable method as described, for example, in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th Edition, Volume 2, pp. 313 et seq. (1972), the contents of which are incorporated by reference in the context of the present application in its entirety ,
  • kneading and / or shaping by means of a piston press, roller press in the presence or absence of at least one binder material, compounding, pelleting, tableting, extrusion, coextrusion, foaming, spinning, coating, granulation, preferably spray granulation, spraying, spray drying may be preferred or a combination of two or more of these methods.
  • pellets and / or tablets are produced.
  • Kneading and / or shaping may be carried out at elevated temperatures, for example in the range from room temperature to 300 ° C. and / or at elevated pressure, for example in the range from atmospheric pressure to several hundred bar and / or in a protective gas atmosphere such as in the presence of at least one Noble gas, nitrogen or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • binders may be both viscosity-increasing and viscosity-reducing compounds.
  • Preferred binders include, for example, alumina or alumina-containing binders such as those described in WO 94/29408, silica such as described in EP 0 592 050 A1, mixtures of silica and alumina such as for example in WO 94/13584, clay minerals, as described for example in JP 03-037156 A, for example, montmorillonite, kaolin, bentonite, halloysite, Dickit, Nacrit and anauxite, alkoxysilanes, as described for example in EP 0 102 544 B1 for example tetraalkoxysilanes such as, for example, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane or trialkoxysilanes such as trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, tripropoxysilane, tributoxysilane, alkoxytit
  • an organic compound and / or a hydrophilic polymer such as cellulose or a cellulose derivative such as methylcellulose and / or a polyacrylate and / or a polymethacrylate and / or a polyvinyl alcohol and / or or a polyvinylpyrrolidone and / or a polyisobutene and / or a polytetrahydrofuran.
  • a pasting agent inter alia, preferably water or at least one alcohol such as a monoalcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as
  • a polyhydric alcohol such as a glycol, preferably a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol
  • the order of the additives, such as template compound, binder, pasting agent, viscosity-increasing substance during shaping and kneading is basically not critical.
  • the molding obtained according to kneading and / or molding is subjected to at least one drying, which generally takes place at a temperature in the range from 25 to 300 ° C., preferably in the range from 50 to 300 ° C. and more preferably in the range from 100 to 300 0 C is performed. It is also possible to dry in vacuo or under a protective gas atmosphere or by spray drying.
  • At least one of the compounds added as additives is at least partially removed from the shaped body.
  • Another object of the present invention is the use of a mixture according to the invention for receiving at least one substance, for its storage, separation, controlled release, chemical reaction or as a carrier.
  • the at least one substance is a gas or gas mixture.
  • organometallic frameworks Methods for storage with the aid of organometallic frameworks in general are described in WO-A 2005/003622, WO-A 2003/064030, WO-A 2005/049484, WO-A 2006/089908 and DE-A 10 2005 012 087.
  • the processes described there can also be used for the organometallic framework according to the invention.
  • porous organometallic framework according to the invention is used for storage, this is preferably carried out in a temperature range from -200 ° C to + 80 ° C. More preferred is a temperature range from -40 ° C to +80 0 C.
  • gases are hydrogen, natural gas, town gas, hydrocarbons, in particular methane, ethane, ethene, acetylene, propane, n-butane and also i-butane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, oxygen, sulfur oxides, halogens, halide hydrocarbons, NF 3 , SF 6 , Ammonia, boranes, phosphines, hydrogen sulfide, amines, formaldehyde, noble gases, in particular helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon.
  • the gas is carbon dioxide which is separated from a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide.
  • the gas mixture in addition to carbon dioxide at least H 2 , CH 4 or carbon monoxide.
  • the gas mixture has carbon monoxide in addition to carbon dioxide.
  • mixtures which contain at least 10 and at most 45% by volume of carbon dioxide and at least 30 and at most 90% by volume of carbon monoxide.
  • a preferred embodiment is pressure swing adsorption with a plurality of parallel adsorber reactors, wherein the adsorbent bed consists wholly or partly of the material according to the invention.
  • the adsorption phase takes place for CO 2 / CO separation preferably at a CO 2 partial pressure of 0.6 to 3 bar and temperature of at least 20, but at most 70 0 C instead.
  • the total pressure in the relevant adsorber reactor is usually lowered to values between 100 mbar and 1 bar.
  • the framework material according to the invention for storing a gas at a minimum pressure of 100 bar (absolute). More preferably, the minimum pressure is 200 bar (absolute), in particular 300 bar (absolute). These are particularly preferably in the gas to hydrogen or methane.
  • the at least one substance may also be a liquid.
  • a liquid examples of such a liquid are disinfectants, inorganic or organic solvents, fuels - especially gasoline or diesel -, hydraulic, radiator, brake fluid or an oil, especially machine oil.
  • the liquid may be halogenated aliphatic or aromatic, cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof.
  • the at least one substance may be an odorant.
  • the odorant is a volatile organic or inorganic compound containing at least one of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine or an unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon or a saturated or unsaturated aldehyde or a Ketone is. More preferred elements are nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, bromine; especially preferred are nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.
  • the odorant is ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ozone, cyclic or acyclic amines, thiols, thioethers and aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, acids or alcohols.
  • ammonia hydrogen sulphide
  • organic acids preferably acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, heptanoic acid, lauric acid, pelargonic acid
  • cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons which contain nitrogen or sulfur and saturated or unsaturated Aldehydes, such as hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, octenal or notenal, and in particular volatile aldehydes such as butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, and furthermore fuels such as gasoline, diesel (constituents).
  • organic acids preferably acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, heptanoic acid, lauric acid,
  • the odorous substances may also be fragrances which are used, for example, for the production of perfumes.
  • fragrances or oils which release such fragrances include: essential oils, basil oil, geranium oil, mint oil, cananga oil, cardamom oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, nutmeg oil, chamomile oil, eucalyptus oil, rosemary oil, lemon oil, lime oil, orange oil, bergamot oil , Muscat sage oil, coriander oil, cypress oil, 1, 1-dimethoxy-2-pherylethane, 2,4-dimethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyltetrahydrobenzaldehyde, 2,6-dimethyl-7-octene-2-ol, 1, 2-diethoxy 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene, phenylacetaldehyde, rose oxide, ethyl 2-methyl-pentanoate, 1- (2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3
  • a volatile odorant preferably has a boiling point or boiling point range of less than 300 ° C. More preferably, the odorant is a volatile compound or mixture. Particularly preferably, the odorant has a boiling point or boiling range of less than 250 0 C, more preferably less than 230 0 C, particularly preferably less than 200 0 C.
  • odors which have a high volatility.
  • a volatile odorant preferably has a vapor pressure greater than 0.001 kPa (20 ° C). More preferably, the odorant is a volatile compound or mixture. More preferably, the odorant has a vapor pressure of greater than 0.01 kPa (20 ° C.), more preferably a vapor pressure greater than 0.05 kPa (20 ° C.). Most preferably, the odors have a vapor pressure of greater than 0.1 kPa (20 ° C).
  • organometallic framework according to the invention examples in which a chemical reaction can take place in the presence of the organometallic framework according to the invention are the alkoxylation of monools and polyols. The performance of such alkoxylations is described in WO-A 03/035717 and WO-A 2005/03069.
  • the porous organometallic framework according to the invention for epoxidation and preparation of polyalkylene and hydrogen peroxide can be used. Such reactions are described in WO-A 03/101975, WO-A 2004/037895 and US-A 2004/081611.
  • organometallic framework according to the invention can serve as a carrier, in particular as a carrier of a catalyst.
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for the separation of a substance from a mixture comprising the steps
  • the inventive method for separating a substance from a mixture of substances is preferably carried out by pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Further preferred is vacuum pressure swing adsorption.
  • PSA pressure swing adsorption
  • the repetition of the adsorption in step (a) takes place in a time of less than 60 minutes.
  • the first pressure is at least 1.2 bar (absolute).
  • the second pressure is at most 1, 1 bar (absolute).
  • the time for the repetition is less than 20 minutes, more preferably less than 10 minutes.
  • the first pressure is more preferably greater than 2 bar (absolute), but less than 10 bar.
  • the desorption is more preferably carried out at a pressure of less than 500 mbar, in particular less than 300 mbar (absolute).
  • the substance to be separated contains carbon dioxide.
  • the substance mixture may contain at least one gas selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, 2-methylbutane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • the framework metal component B used is AI-BDC as organometallic framework material ("Al-MOF”), whose preparation is described in Example 1 of WO-A 2007/023134.
  • latent heat component A a latent heat storage analogous to Example 8 of DE-A 2005/002 41 1 is used.
  • an extruder test set-up (dense-combing co-rotating twin-screw extruder) with a cross-shaped discharge nozzle producing a granulate is used (4 ⁇ 3 mm profiled nozzle).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • DE-A 197 49 731 with a core of n-eicosan (melting point about 35 ° C), consisting of 87 wt .-% core, 10 wt .-% crosslinked PMMA wall and 3% dispersant polyvinyl alcohol. Average particle size of the capsules: 3-5 microns.
  • the two material layers are supplied at the following speeds: material A (heat storage capsules) 36 kg / h, material B (polymer dispersion diluted to solids content of 25%) 6 kg / h.
  • the head temperature of the extruder is 80 ° C. At this temperature, the material is conveyed homogeneously and uniformly out of the die, and granules of 2-3 mm in length and 3 mm in overall diameter are obtained through an anhydrous dry finish. The edges of the granules are rounded.
  • the theoretical binder content in the granules is 4.0% by weight.
  • the granules are then dried in a stream of hot air and then tempered at 1 10 0 C for 1 h.
  • the measured mean grain diameter of the annealed cruciform granule was 2.6 mm (measuring method according to ASTM D-2862).
  • a mixture of 25 ml (12.34 g) AI-MOF tablets (1, 5x1, 5 mm) and 25 ml (9.88 g) latent heat storage tank is filled into a 50 ml steel pressure vessel with integrated thermocouple. Thereafter, the pressure vessel is closed. Subsequently, 20 bar CO 2 pressure is built up within 10 seconds and maintained for 3 minutes. Then it is released to ambient pressure and again waited 3 minutes. After 10 repetitions, the system is completely evacuated.
  • a 50ml steel pressure vessel with integrated thermocouple is filled with 25ml (12.34g) AI-MOF tablets (1, 5x1, 5mm) and 25ml 6mm glass beads. Thereafter, the pressure vessel is closed. Subsequently, 20 bar CO 2 pressure is built up within 10 seconds and maintained for 3 minutes. Then it is released to ambient pressure and again waited 3 minutes. After 10 repetitions, the system is completely evacuated.
  • Fig. 1 shows the temperature profile for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, wherein the temperature T is shown in 0 C as a function of time t in seconds.
  • the thick curve corresponds to Example 1 and the thin curve Comparative Example 1.
  • Example 2 As can be seen from the curves, the temperature variation can be reduced by using the mixture according to the invention.
  • Example 2
  • a mixture of 25ml (12.34g) AI-MOF tablets (1, 5x1, 5mm) and 25ml (9.88g) latent heat storage is placed in a 50ml steel pressure vessel with integrated thermocouple. Thereafter, the pressure vessel is closed. Subsequently, 20 bar CO 2 pressure is built up within 10 seconds and maintained for 10 minutes. Then it is released to ambient pressure and again waited 10 minutes. After 10 repetitions, the system is completely evacuated.
  • a 50ml steel pressure vessel with integrated thermocouple is filled with 25ml (12.34g) AI-MOF tablets (1, 5x1, 5mm) and 25ml 6mm glass beads. Thereafter, the pressure vessel is closed. Subsequently, 20 bar CO 2 pressure is built up within 10 seconds and maintained for 10 minutes. Then it is released to ambient pressure and again maintained for 10 minutes. After 10 repetitions, the system is completely evacuated.
  • FIG. 2 shows the temperature profile for Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, wherein the temperature T in 0 C is shown as a function of the time t in seconds.
  • the thick curve corresponds to Example 2 and the thin curve to Comparative Example 2.
  • the temperature variation can be reduced by using the mixture according to the invention.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des mélanges contenant, dans chaque cas par rapport au poids total du mélange concerné, a) entre 2 et 60% en poids d'un constituant d'accumulation de chaleur latente A et b) entre 40 et 98% en poids d'un constituant de matériau structurel B, le constituant A contenant au moins un matériau à changement de phase microencapsulé et le constituant B contenant au moins un matériau structurel organométallique poreux comprenant au moins un composé organique, au moins bidentate, lié par coordination à au moins un ion métal. L'invention concerne en outre l'utilisation de tels mélanges, notamment dans des procédés utilisés pour séparer des substances contenues dans un mélange de substances,
EP08735635A 2007-04-05 2008-04-01 Mélange contenant un matériau structurel organométallique et un matériau à changement de phase Withdrawn EP2134445A2 (fr)

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WO2008122542A3 (fr) 2008-12-04
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KR20100016186A (ko) 2010-02-12
US20100126344A1 (en) 2010-05-27
CN101678266A (zh) 2010-03-24

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