EP2126205B1 - Verbrennungskammer zur erzeugung von heissluft für papiertrockenmaschinen - Google Patents

Verbrennungskammer zur erzeugung von heissluft für papiertrockenmaschinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2126205B1
EP2126205B1 EP08719366A EP08719366A EP2126205B1 EP 2126205 B1 EP2126205 B1 EP 2126205B1 EP 08719366 A EP08719366 A EP 08719366A EP 08719366 A EP08719366 A EP 08719366A EP 2126205 B1 EP2126205 B1 EP 2126205B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
distributor
air
combustion chamber
heater
inlet
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP08719366A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2126205A1 (de
Inventor
Dario Bianchini
Luca Linari
Giovanni Riccio
Paolo Adami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Milltech Srl
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Milltech Srl
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/18—Drying webs by hot air
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/04—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
    • D21F5/042—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders in combination with suction or blowing devices
    • D21F5/044—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders in combination with suction or blowing devices using air hoods over the cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F23D91/02—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/21—Burners specially adapted for a particular use
    • F23D2900/21003—Burners specially adapted for a particular use for heating or re-burning air or gas in a duct

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of paper production machines.
  • the invention relates to a combustion chamber generating hot air for paper drying.
  • the machines for paper production comprise a dumping and drying system for the pulp located in certain suitable sections of the same machine.
  • the prior art basically discloses a first mechanical compression of the pulp in the so-called inflow case; then, the mixture is carried by suitable conveyor belts called “cloth” and “mat” to a press that performs a second mechanical compression of the mixture; afterwards, the mixture is transferred from the press to a roller called “yankee rod” or “yankee", and the paper sheet is dried by the hot air flow coming from the hood, and by the transfer of the heat coming from said yankee rod.
  • the air having a temperature of a few hundreds degrees (from a minimum of 200°C up to a maximum of 700°C), is generated in a combustion chamber and directed on the paper sheet by means of a main manifold connected to adjusting air locks for the proper distribution of the air.
  • hood drying process Such method is technically called hood drying process.
  • US-A-5 722 180 discloses an apparatus for drying a wet paper web.
  • the combustion chamber basically comprises an outer cylindrical body containing an inner cylindrical body, or baffle plate.
  • a bottom perforated in the middle for the input of the burner generating the flame, while on the other side the chamber normally ends with a cone-shaped nozzle.
  • the baffle plate is placed close to the bottom, but not in direct contact with it, so that a narrow space for the passage of the air remains between the bottom and the baffle plate. Nevertheless, such arrangement does not ensure a proper ventilation of the same bottom.
  • the process air enters from a tangential opening of the outer body, at a temperature of between 200 and 450°C.
  • the input air substantially divides into two different flows: a first flow, having a minor rate, which is addressed to the flame through the above said annular space between the bottom and the cylindrical baffle plate; a second flow, mayor from the quantity point of view, that circulates in the space between the baffle plate and the outer liner, and directly reaches the nozzle mixing with the air and the products of the combustion.
  • said known arrangement generates an outlet air flow with a temperature profile of, for example, 400° to 650°C.
  • the flame trap has, for example, the shape of a deflector cone, supported by radial roots in the middle of the nozzle, and creates a mix of the central, hotter air flow and the peripheral, colder air flow. But neither this arrangement enables to make the air enough uniform.
  • the design of the combustion chamber has also to fulfil some general requirements, such as: reduce the fuel consumption; properly mix the air and the fuel, reduce the production of hurtful agents (namely CO and NOx); prevent the metallic surfaces from reach too high temperatures and limit, as far as possible, the thermal distortions; avoid excessive loss of pressure.
  • hurtful agents namely CO and NOx
  • the external body is basically cylinder-shaped; thus, from now on, it will be referred to simply as external cylinder.
  • the distributor is slightly cone-shaped, with a divergent course structure towards the heater, and with a taper angle of between 3 and 15 degrees.
  • the diametric dimension of said distributor is much shorter than the diameter of the external cylinder, for example about one half, defining a wide annular space comprised between the external cylinder and the distributor, so that the comburent air can flow towards the holed trunk-shaped divergent body, and so in the cylindrical part of the heater.
  • the distributor has a diametric dimension (for example the average diameter, if the distributor is cone-shaped) much shorter than the diameter of the external cylinder, while the cylindrical chamber of the heater has a diameter slightly shorter than that of the external cylinder.
  • This way an annular gap is defined between the heater and the external cylinder, quite small in comparison with the annular space around the distributor; so, a further flow of "bypass" air is generated, which overtakes the heater, cools the surfaces of the heater and of the cylinder, and mixes with the outlet air and gases.
  • This second air flow is manor than the flow directed towards the truncated-cone divergent body, but has a relevant effect both for cooling the chamber and obtaining a uniform outlet temperature profile.
  • the proportion between the diameter of the external cylinder and the average diameter of the distributor is of 1,8. while the proportion between the diameter of the same external cylinder and the diameter of the heater cylindrical chamber is of about 1,1 and preferably of about 1,13.
  • the distributor comprises a cone-shaped ring provided with holes and placed on the same side of the flame inlet, facing the bottom. Said holed ring enables part of the air to enter into the distributor, with a consequent improvement of the combustion and cooling process of the bottom. So, a third air flow is generated, having positive effects on the combustion process and enabling a better control of the surfaces temperature.
  • the dimensional proportions between the external cylinder, the distributor and the heater, and also the number and diameter of the holes of the rearward distributor ring, and of the holes of the truncated-cone divergent body are established as to distribute the inlet air as follows: a first flow through the holed, truncated-cone divergent body is generated by the 45-65% of the inlet air; the 20-35% of the inlet air generates a second flow, i.e. the air flow of the heater bypass and air cooling; a percentage of 10-20% of the inlet air generates a third ventilation flow of the bottom.
  • the proportion between the total surface of the holes of said divergent body and the front section of the divergent body is of about 0,2.
  • the taper angle of the holed ring connected to the distributor is advantageously of between 15 and 75 degrees.
  • the taper of the truncated-cone divergent body forming the first part of the heater is preferably of between 5 and 45 degrees.
  • the invention involves many advantages. Compared with the prior art, the arrangement comprising a cylindrical or truncated-cone distributor and the described heater implies some improvements, regarding the uniformity of the outlet air temperature profile, the combustion optimization and the pollutants reduction.
  • the preferred arrangement of the combustion chamber substantially generates three different air flows: a first air flow entering into the distributor through the holed ring and the space between the bottom and the distributor; a second air flow that heats up in the annular space around the distributor and enters into the heater through the truncated-cone divergent; a third air flow, also called "bypass" flow, that overtakes the heater, grazes the main body and mixes with outlet hot air front.
  • the outer walls thanks to a better cooling, turn out to be less subjected to thermal stress with respect to a chamber with known structure.
  • the paper quality improves thanks to a uniform temperature of the drying air; further drying processes (for example mechanical press) can be avoided; the minor variations of the temperature in the combustion chamber enable to predispose a lower nominal temperature, with consequent reduced consumption and thermal stress.
  • the figures disclose a combustion chamber 1, basically defined by an external cylinder 2 (or substantially cylindrical body), with a bottom 3 for the inlet of the flame, i.e. with a hole in the middle for the inlet of a burner, and a convergent body 4 on the side from which the hot air comes out.
  • the cylinder 2 has a nozzle or case 5 for the tangential inlet of the process air.
  • the combustion chamber 1 comprises, at the core, a distributor 6 that basically consists of a cylindrical or (as per figure) slightly truncated-cone body, coaxial with the external cylinder 2.
  • the slight taper of distributor 6 is useful to reduce the length of the flame, optimizing the combustion and limiting the production of compounds and harmful agents.
  • Said distributor 6 acts as container for the flame or baffle plate, and is joined with a eater 7 essentially comprising a truncated-cone shaped divergent body 8 and a cylindrical chamber 9.
  • the divergent body 8 is provided with a plurality of holes 10 that enable the inlet of the air in said chamber 9.
  • the diameter of distributor 6 is a half the diameter of the cylindrical body 2, while the cylindrical chamber 9 of heater 7 has a diameter comprised between the diameters of said cylindrical body 2 and distributor 6.
  • a quite wide, annular region 11 around distributor 6 and a narrower gap 12 around the heater 7 are defined. Said gap 12, as explained afterwards, enables part of the inlet air to "bypass" heater 7 and directly flow into convergent body 4.
  • the structure comprising distributor 6 and heater 7 is supported by proper rests such as, for example, telescopic radial supports of distributor 6 and omega-shaped (O) springs 13, which are fastened to the cylindrical chamber 9 and axially sliding on the inner surface of cylinder 2, enabling an axial movement to compensate the thermal stress.
  • proper rests such as, for example, telescopic radial supports of distributor 6 and omega-shaped (O) springs 13, which are fastened to the cylindrical chamber 9 and axially sliding on the inner surface of cylinder 2, enabling an axial movement to compensate the thermal stress.
  • the distributor 6 comprises a truncated-cone ring 14, provided with holes, at the end of the inlet of the flame facing bottom 3. It is also to remark that distributor 6 is separated from bottom 3, so that there is enough space between them to enable part of the air to flow between the distributor and the bottom, cooling down this last one; said air flow is then re-directed into the distributor 6 and acts as comburent air flow.
  • combustion chamber 1 The air flows inside the combustion chamber are now described more in detail with reference to Fig. 2 .
  • the following main zones can be recognized as:
  • Case 5 feeds an inlet air flow F that enters into zone A dividing into the three following flows:
  • the air flow F3 is attracted by the pressure generated in zone B, which is lower than that generated in zone A (p B ⁇ p A ). Said flow ensures a proper ventilation of bottom 3 that is subject to a significant thermal stress being quite close to the flame.
  • said flow F3 provides further comburent air and improves the oxidation.
  • the above described arrangement of the chamber and in particular the taper of the distributor 6 are especially important to create the condition p B ⁇ p A and to generate said flow F3.
  • the gap between distributor 6 and bottom 3, as well as the taper of said ring 14, are two necessary variables to determine the quantity of the air composing the flow F3, and said variables can be properly changed during the executive layout.
  • Flow F1 is composed by the most of the inlet air, and is attracted towards zone C because the pressure in said zone C is lower than those in zones A and B, i.e. p C ⁇ p B ⁇ p A .
  • Said flow F1 supplies a significant quantity of air in heater 7 that enables to complete the oxidation process and reduce the creation of pollutants such as CO and combustion residues.
  • the speed of the flow F1 determined by the geometry of the combustion chamber and in particular by the diameter of the holes 10, must be sufficient for a proper mixing of the air, but not too high in order to avoid a cooling effect of the flame.
  • Flow F2 has a useful cooling effect on the surfaces of cylinder 2; moreover, it causes a re-mixing in zone E, downstream of the heater 7, which is needed to uniform the temperature of the outlet air front.
  • the combustion chamber is arranged so as to obtain the following distribution of the inlet air: flow F1 comprising the 45-65% of the total flow F; bypass flow F2 comprising the 20-35% of F; bottom ventilation flow comprising the 10-20% of F.
  • Fig. 2 shows also a spy hole 15 for the visual check inside the heater 7.
  • a flame trap can be equally provided in the convergent body 4, although it is not any longer necessary because the invention enables to reach an improved uniformity of the air temperature.
  • the parts of the combustion chamber namely the cylinder 2, the distributor 6 and the heater 7, are usually produced in stainless steel suitable for high temperature.
  • the hot air outlet front has a uniform temperature profile that enables an improved paper drying process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verbrennungskammer (1) zum Erzeugung von Heißluft für Papiertrockenmaschinen bestehend aus:
    - einem äußeren im wesentlichen zylindrischen Körper (2), ausgestattet mit einem Boden (3) für den Flammeneingang, mindestens einem Lufteinlass (5) für den tangentialen Einlass der Prozessluft und einem konvergierenden Körper (4) auf der Seite, an der die Heißluft ausströmt; und
    - einem Verteiler (6), der als Behälter für die Flamme wirkt, im wesentlichen bestehend aus einem zylindrischen oder kegelstumpfförmigen Körper, der im Inneren und koaxial zum äußeren Körper (2) platziert ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - genannter Verteiler (6) von der entgegengesetzten Seite des Bodens (3) für den Flammeneingang mit einer Heizvorrichtung (7) verbunden ist, die im Inneren und koaxial zum äußeren Körper (2) angebracht ist und im wesentlichen aus einem kegelstumpfförmigen divergierenden Körper (8) und einer zylindrischen Kammer (9) besteht, wobei genannter divergierender Körper (8) zwischen genanntem Verteiler (6) und genannter zylindrischer Kammer (9) positioniert ist und mit einer Mehrzahl von Öffnungen (10) für den Lufteinlass in genannte zylindrische Kammer (9) versehen ist,
    - der maximale Durchmesser des genannten Verteilers (6) kleiner als der Durchmesser des äußeren Körpers (2) ist und einen ersten ringförmigen Bereich (11) zwischen dem genannten Verteiler (6) und dem genanntem äußeren Körper (2) bestimmt, wobei im ersten ringförmigen Bereich (11) der Lufteinlass (5) die Prozessluft eindosiert und der erste ringförmige Bereich (11) ermöglicht, dass ein erster Luftstrom (F1) in die Heizvorrichtung (7) durch die Öffnungen (10) des divergierenden Körpers (8) strömt und
    - der Durchmesser der genannten zylindrischen Kammer (9) kleiner als der Durchmesser des genannten äußeren Körpers (2), aber größer als der maximale Durchmesser des genannten Verteilers (6) ist und dabei einen zweiten ringförmigen Bereich (12) zwischen der genannten zylindrischen Kammer (9) und dem genannten äußeren Körper (2) bestimmt, wobei der zweite ringförmige Bereich (12) ermöglicht, dass ein zweiter Luftstrom (F2) die Heizvorrichtung (7) umgeht, wobei der zweite Luftstrom (F2) schneller ist und in einem geringeren Anteil als der erste Luftstrom (F1) vorhanden ist.
  2. Verbrennungskammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass genannter Verteiler (6) einen Kegelwinkel zwischen 3 und 15 Grad aufweist und in Richtung der genannten Heizvorrichtung (7) divergiert.
  3. Verbrennungskammer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis zwischen dem Durchmesser des äußeren Körpers (2) und dem durchschnittlichen Durchmesser des Verteilers (6) 1,8 beträgt, während das Verhältnis zwischen dem Durchmesser des gleichen äußeren Körpers (2) und dem Durchmesser der zylindrischen Kammer (9) der Heizvorrichtung (7) ungefähr 1,1 beträgt.
  4. Verbrennungskammer nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass genannter kegelstumpfförmiger divergierender Körper (8) einen Kegelwinkel zwischen 10 und 75 Grad hat.
  5. Verbrennungskammer nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass genannter divergierender Körper (8) einen Kegelwinkel von ungefähr 30 Grad hat.
  6. Verbrennungskammer nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verteiler (6) einen am Ende des genannten Verteilers (6) befindlichen und auf den Boden (3) für den Flammeneingang ausgerichteten rückseitig gelochten Ring (14) in Form eines Kegelstumpfes umfasst, der einen dritten Luftstrom (F3) am Eingang des gleichen Verteilers (6) erzeugt und damit die Ventilation des Bodens (3) bewirkt.
  7. Verbrennungskammer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass genannter gelochter Ring (14) einen Kegelwinkel zwischen 15 und 75 Grad hat.
  8. Verbrennungskammer nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Luftstrom (F1) 45-65% des in genannten Lufteinlass (5) einströmenden Gesamtluftstroms (F) entspricht; der zweite Luftstrom (F2) entspricht 20-35% des Gesamtstromes; der dritte Luftstrom (F3) entspricht 10-20% des Gesamtstromes.
  9. Verbrennungskammer nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass genannter konvergierender Körper (4) stromabwärts von der Heizvorrichtung (7) positioniert ist und dass genannter konvergierender Körper (4) einen Kegelwinkel zwischen 5 und 45 Grad hat.
  10. Papiermaschine bestehend aus einer Haubentrocknungssektion, die mit einer Brennkammer (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche ausgestattet ist.
EP08719366A 2007-03-26 2008-03-04 Verbrennungskammer zur erzeugung von heissluft für papiertrockenmaschinen Active EP2126205B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000006A ITCR20070006A1 (it) 2007-03-26 2007-03-26 Camera di combustione per macchine di asciugatura carta
PCT/IB2008/000716 WO2008117167A1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-04 Combustion chamber for generating hot air for paper drying machines

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2126205A1 EP2126205A1 (de) 2009-12-02
EP2126205B1 true EP2126205B1 (de) 2010-11-17

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EP08719366A Active EP2126205B1 (de) 2007-03-26 2008-03-04 Verbrennungskammer zur erzeugung von heissluft für papiertrockenmaschinen

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EP (1) EP2126205B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE488639T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602008003539D1 (de)
IT (1) ITCR20070006A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008117167A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20130775A1 (it) * 2013-05-10 2014-11-11 Novimpianti Drying Technology S R L Sistema di combustione e metodo per il riscaldamento dell'aria di processo per impianti di asciugatura della carta

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5722180A (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-03 Fort James Corporation Apparatus for drying a wet paper web

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Publication number Publication date
ATE488639T1 (de) 2010-12-15
DE602008003539D1 (de) 2010-12-30
EP2126205A1 (de) 2009-12-02
WO2008117167A1 (en) 2008-10-02
ITCR20070006A1 (it) 2008-09-27

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