EP2121197B1 - Deflecting air ring and corresponding coating process - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a shaping air ring for a nebulizer and a corresponding coating method according to the independent claims.

It is known to use for the paint coating of components (eg motor vehicle body parts) Hochrotationszerstäuber that disperse the paint to be applied (eg powder paint, wet paint) by means of a rapidly rotating bell cup, wherein the rotating bell plate emits a spray at a circular encircling Glockentellerkante, which is in Sprühstrahlrichtung expands. It is also known to use for shaping the spray jet in such a high-rotation atomizer a directing air jet, which is directed by a directing air ring from behind against the spray, so that the spray jet is constricted in dependence on the strength of the shaping air jet.

A disadvantage of the known Hochrotationszerstäubern described above is the fact that the not deposited on the component to be coated paint particles ("overspray") can contaminate far away surfaces, such as the cabin walls of a paint booth or handling equipment in the paint booth. The known Hochrotationszerstäuber can thus lead over long distances to contamination.

Other steering air systems are known from JP 08 071455 A disclosing all features of the preamble of claim 1, JP 2001 121043 A . JP 07 024367 A . JP 2002 224611 A and JP 09 094488 A , Even with these steering air systems, however, there is the Danger of contamination of distant component surfaces.

The invention is therefore based on the object to reduce the pollution prone room area in the known Rotationszerstäubern.

This object is achieved by an inventive shaping air ring and a corresponding coating method according to the independent claims.

The invention is based on the technical-physical realization that frictional effects in the interior of the spray jet generate a negative pressure, which contributes to a concentration of the spray jet, so that the spray jet is stable over relatively large distances. In addition, the friction on the outer surface of the spray is too small to cause a significant beam expansion of the spray. As a result, the spray jet emitted by the rotary atomizer can have a large spatial length, while maintaining the internal flow velocity, so that the applied coating agent particles can still cause contamination at a great distance from the rotary atomizer.

The invention therefore encompasses the general technical teaching of specifically generating turbulences in the shaping air jet and thus also in the spray jet in order to limit the undisturbed range of the spray jet and thus the spatial contamination potential. It should be noted that turbulence in the spray are basically undesirable and should therefore be limited within the scope of the invention to a remote area. On the other hand, in a near zone, the spray jet or the surrounding directing air jet should preferably be directed and low-turbulence, so that the coating quality is not impaired by turbulence. According to the invention, the spray jet thus has a significantly greater degree of turbulence in the far range than in the near range.

To generate the turbulence in the shaping air jet, it is provided according to the invention that additional irregularities are provided in comparison to a conventional shaping air ring with a rotationally symmetrical arrangement of the shaping air nozzles, which on the one hand maintain the original function of steering the spray jet but through a specific variation of flow velocity and / or Direction of flow disturb the laminar or homogeneity in the Lenkluftstrahl to such an extent that turbulence are generated in the long range, destroy the flow energy, reduce the flow velocity and expand the Lenluftluftstrahl and thus the spray jet. In addition, effects generated thereby in the lateral surface of the flow cylinder allow the influx of ambient air into the inner negative pressure area of the spray jet, so that the bundling forces mentioned in the introduction are reduced in the further course.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the directing air jet has a decay length from the directing air ring to the turbulent far end, which is less than 1 m, 75 cm, 50 cm, 40 cm, 30 cm or 20 cm. As a result, the spatial contamination potential of the atomizer is limited to the vicinity of the atomizer, so that the contamination of remote surfaces is prevented.

In addition, the decay length of the shaping air jet is preferably greater than the component distance between the shaping air ring and the component to be coated, so that the component to be coated is located in the directional and low-turbulence near region of the spray jet. This is advantageous because the component to be coated is then in the vicinity, so that the coating quality by the relatively strong turbulence in the long range is not affected.

In a preferred embodiment of the shaping air ring according to the invention, the irregularities for generating the turbulences are that the shaping air nozzles are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the spray axis and the axis of rotation of the atomizer, respectively. not rotationally symmetric.

For example, for turbulence generation, the nozzle cross-section and / or the jet direction of the individual shaping air nozzles can be varied over the circumference of the shaping air ring. With a variation of the flow velocity over the circumference of the shaping air ring, faster and slower flows in the shaping air jet run side by side, which leads to velocity gradients and thereby flow friction in the spray jet, whereby turbulences are then produced in the course of the spray jet.

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention with ring-shaped shaping air nozzles, one part of the shaping air nozzles has a jet direction which is aligned essentially parallel to the spray axis of the atomizer, while another part of the shaping air nozzles has a jet direction which is inclined radially inward with respect to the spray axis. For example, the shaping air ring according to the invention can have six groups each with five shaping air nozzles, wherein three groups have shaping air nozzles which are aligned substantially axially parallel to the spray axis, while the other three groups comprise shaping air nozzles whose jet direction is inclined radially inwards with respect to the spray axis.

In another embodiment of the shaping air ring according to the invention with an annular arrangement of the shaping air nozzles On the other hand, a part of the shaping air nozzles has a jet direction which is inclined radially inwards with respect to the spray axis, while another part of the shaping air nozzles has a jet direction which is inclined radially outward with respect to the spray axis. The individual shaping air nozzles are therefore inclined either radially inwards or radially outwards. Preferably, the individual shaping air nozzles are here also subdivided into groups with a uniform jet direction, wherein the different groups of the shaping air nozzles are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.

In another embodiment of the shaping air ring according to the invention with an annular arrangement of the shaping air nozzles, a part of the shaping air nozzles is arranged on an inner ring, while another part of the shaping air nozzles is arranged on an outer ring. The shaping air nozzles on the inner ring preferably have a jet direction which is inclined radially outward with respect to the spray axis, while the shaping air nozzles on the outer ring preferably have a jet direction which is inclined radially inwards with respect to the spray axis. Again, the shaping air nozzles are preferably arranged in groups with a uniform beam direction, wherein the different groups are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.

In contrast, in another embodiment of the invention, the shaping air jet has the shape of a flat jet. For this purpose, two mutually opposite groups of shaping air nozzles each have a jet direction, which is inclined radially inwardly with respect to the spray axis, while two other, likewise mutually opposite groups of shaping air nozzles have a jet direction which is aligned substantially parallel to the axis of the spray axis or opposite the spray axis is inclined radially outward. The radial Inwardly inclined shaping air nozzles thus compress the resulting shaping air jet into a flat jet.

In a further embodiment of the shaping air ring according to the invention with an annular arrangement of the shaping air nozzles, the individual shaping air nozzles have a jet direction which is inclined radially inwards relative to the spray axis, which leads to a crossing shaping air flow and causes a constriction of the spray jet downstream of the bell plate. By contrast, behind the constriction, the directing air jet or the spray jet in this exemplary embodiment has a widening, as a result of which the contamination-relevant range of the spray jet is reduced.

In the embodiments described above, the turbulence-generating irregularities consist essentially of variations in the jet direction of the shaping air nozzles. The irregularities to produce the desired turbulence, however, can also consist of variations of the nozzle cross-section of the individual shaping air nozzles, which leads to corresponding variations in the flow velocity. In the case of an annular arrangement of the shaping air nozzles, for example, the nozzle cross section can be varied over the circumference of the shaping air ring, wherein the shaping air nozzles can again be subdivided into different groups with uniform cross sections.

In addition, the irregularities for generating the turbulence may consist in that the nozzle cross-section of the shaping air nozzles widens conically or tapers in the direction of flow.

Furthermore, there is the possibility that the nozzle cross section in the flow direction with one step or more Stages changes, in turn, a taper or extension of the nozzle cross-section is possible.

Furthermore, it is possible within the scope of the invention for the turbulence generation irregularities to consist of slots which adjoin the shaping air nozzles and run essentially parallel to the flow direction. In an annular arrangement of the individual shaping air nozzles, the slot can also be arranged annularly on the shaping air nozzle ring and cut all shaping air nozzles. However, there is also the alternative possibility that the slots are arranged in a cross shape and concentric with the individual shaping air nozzles.

Furthermore, the turbulence generation irregularities may be that the flow profile of the shaping air nozzles is deliberately distorted. For this purpose, in the context of the invention, the nozzle opening of the individual shaping air nozzles can be inclined with respect to the preceding shaping air bore.

Further, the turbulence generating irregularities may also be formed by cuts into each of which one shaping air hole or several (e.g., 2 or 3) shaping air holes open, the cuts being preferably triangular in cross section and forming the shaping air nozzles.

It should also be mentioned that the invention comprises not only the above-described shaping air ring according to the invention but also an atomizer with such a shaping air ring and a painting machine, in particular a painting robot, with such a rotary atomizer. Finally, the invention also includes a corresponding coating method, as already apparent from the above description.

Figur 1

eine schematisierte Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotationszerstäubers, aus der die Unterteilung des Sprühstrahls in einen turbulenzarmen, gerichteten Nahbereich und einen turbulenten Fernbereich ersichtlich ist,

Figuren 2-6

verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele von erfindungsgemäßen Lenkluftringen mit einer Variation der Strahlrichtung bzw. des Düsenquerschnitts der einzelnen Lenkluftdüsen über den Umfang des Lenkluftrings,

Figur 7

eine stark schematisierte Seitenansicht eines Rotationszerstäubers mit einem Lenkluftring, der einen radial nach innen gerichteten, sich kreuzenden Lenkluftstrahl abgibt,

Figur 8

eine stark vereinfachte Seitenansicht eines Rotationszerstäubers mit einem Lenkluftring, der drei unterschiedlich geneigte Lenkluftstrahlen abgibt,

Figur 9

eine vereinfachte Querschnittsansicht einer Lenkluftdüse mit einer stufenförmigen Innenkontur zur Turbulenzerzeugung,

Figur 10

eine vereinfachte Querschnittsansicht einer Lenkluftdüse mit einer Innenkontur, die sich in Strömungsrichtung konisch erweitert,

Figur 11

eine vereinfachte Querschnittsansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Lenkluftdüse mit einer Innenkontur, die sich in mehreren Stufen in Strahlrichtung verjüngt,

Figur 12

eine vereinfachte Querschnittsansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Lenkluftdüse mit einer Innenkontur, die sich in Strahlrichtung konisch verjüngt,

Figur 13

einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Lenkluftrings mit zwei Lenkluftdüsen, die von einem ringförmigen Schlitz durchzogen sind,

Figur 14

eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Lenkluftdüse mit kreuzförmigen Schlitzen,

Figur 15

eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer Lenkluftdüse mit einer geneigten Düsenöffnung zur Verzerrung des Strömungsprofils des austretenden Lenkluftstrahls,

Figur 16

eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer Lenkluftdüse, die durch einen Einschnitt gebildet wird, in den eine Lenkluftbohrung mündet, sowie

Figur 17

eine vereinfachte Querschnittsansicht einer Lenkluftdüse, die durch einen Einschnitt gebildet wird, in den zwei Lenkluftbohrungen münden.

Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:

FIG. 1

2 a schematic side view of a rotary atomizer according to the invention, from which the subdivision of the spray jet into a low-turbulence, directed near zone and a turbulent distant zone can be seen,

Figures 2-6

Various embodiments of the invention Lenkluftringen with a variation of the beam direction and the nozzle cross-section of the individual shaping air nozzles over the circumference of the shaping air ring,

FIG. 7

a highly schematic side view of a rotary atomizer with a shaping air ring, which emits a radially inwardly directed, intersecting Lenkluftstrahl,

FIG. 8

a greatly simplified side view of a rotary atomizer with a shaping air ring, which emits three differently inclined shaping air jets,

FIG. 9

a simplified cross-sectional view of a shaping air nozzle with a stepped inner contour for turbulence generation,

FIG. 10

5 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a shaping air nozzle with an inner contour which widens conically in the flow direction,

FIG. 11

2 a simplified cross-sectional view of a shaping air nozzle according to the invention with an inner contour which tapers in several stages in the jet direction,

FIG. 12

2 a simplified cross-sectional view of a shaping air nozzle according to the invention with an inner contour which tapers conically in the jet direction,

FIG. 13

a detail of an inventive shaping air ring with two shaping air nozzles, which are traversed by an annular slot,

FIG. 14

a simplified representation of a shaping air nozzle according to the invention with cross-shaped slots,

FIG. 15

a simplified representation of a shaping air nozzle with an inclined nozzle opening for the distortion of the flow profile of the exiting Lenkluftstrahls,

FIG. 16

a simplified representation of a shaping air nozzle, which is formed by an incision into which a shaping air hole opens, and

FIG. 17

a simplified cross-sectional view of a shaping air nozzle, which is formed by an incision, open into the two shaping air holes.

The side view in FIG. 1 shows in a greatly simplified form a rotary atomizer 1 with a shaping air ring 2 and a bell cup 3, which rotates in operation about a rotation axis 4 and emits a spray jet 5 in a conventional manner.

The directing air ring 2 has on its front side numerous shaping air nozzles which are arranged in a ring and direct a shaping air jet 6 from the rear onto the jacket surface of the bell cup 3, so that the spray jet 5 has a constriction behind the bell cup 3 and subsequently expands in the jet direction.

By in the Figures 2-6 The inventive arrangement of the _{shaping air nozzles} illustrated by way of example is divided into spray jet 5 into a low-turbulence, directed near zone and a turbulent _distant zone, the spray jet 5 decaying after a decay _length L _ZERFALL at the transition from the near zone into the long-range zone.

The rotary atomizer 1 is in this case guided so that a component 7 to be coated is located in the directional proximity, so that the coating of the component 7 is not disturbed by turbulence.

On the other hand turbulences 8 are generated in the turbulent remote area, which destroy the flow energy of the spray jet 5 and reduce its velocity and thereby contribute to the widening of the spray jet 5. In addition, 5 defects are thereby generated in the lateral surface of the spray, which allow an influx 9 of ambient air into the inner negative pressure area of the spray jet 5, so that the bundling forces of the spray jet 5 are reduced.

The turbulences 8 are in this case selectively generated in that the shaping air nozzles in the shaping air ring 2 have irregularities in comparison with a rotationally symmetrical arrangement, such as, for example, variations of the jet direction and / or of the nozzle cross section.

FIG. 2 shows a simplified perspective view of a modification of the shaping air ring 2 from FIG. 1 , this modification largely with the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is true, so to avoid repetition, reference is made largely to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details in the following.

A special feature of this embodiment is that different shaping air nozzles 10, 11 are arranged distributed over the circumference of the shaping air ring 2, wherein the shaping air nozzles 11 have a smaller nozzle cross-section than the shaping air nozzles 10, which leads to correspondingly different flow velocities.

The shaping air nozzles 10 and 11 are in this case subdivided into six groups each having five shaping air nozzles 10 and 11, wherein the shaping air nozzles 10 and 11 each have a uniform nozzle cross section within the individual groups.

Therefore, side by side slower and faster shaping air flows occur over the circumference of the shaping air ring 2, so that the resulting from the speed difference Flow friction generates turbulence in the course of the shaping air jet.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 is largely consistent with that described above and in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment, so reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein for corresponding details in the following the same reference numerals are used.

A special feature of this embodiment is that the shaping air nozzles 10, 11 do not differ by the nozzle cross-section, but by the jet direction. Thus, the shaping air nozzles 10 have a jet direction which is aligned substantially parallel to the rotation axis 4 of the bell cup 3. By contrast, the shaping air nozzles 11 have a jet direction which is inclined radially inwards relative to the axis of rotation 4, wherein the angle of inclination is preferably in the range between 5 ° and 30 °.

FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a shaping air ring 2 according to the invention, which is largely with the above-described and in FIG. 2 illustrated shaping air ring 2, so that reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein for corresponding details in the following the same reference numerals are used.

A special feature of this embodiment is that the shaping air nozzles 10 have a jet direction, which is directed radially outward with respect to the rotation axis 4 of the bell cup 3, whereas the shaping air nozzles 11 have a jet direction which is directed radially inwards relative to the rotation axis 4 of the bell cup 3 , FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the shaping air ring 2 according to the invention, this embodiment in turn substantially with the above-described and in FIG. 2 In order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

A special feature of this embodiment is that the shaping air nozzles 10 are arranged on an inner ring 12, while the shaping air nozzles 11 are arranged on an outer ring 13, wherein the two rings 12, 13 are arranged concentrically.

The shaping air nozzles 11 on the outer ring 13 in this case have a jet direction which is inclined radially inwardly relative to the rotation axis 4 of the bell cup 3.

In contrast, the shaping air nozzles 10 on the inner ring 12 in this exemplary embodiment have a jet direction which is directed radially outward with respect to the rotation axis 4 of the bell cup 3.

FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the shaping air ring 2 according to the invention, wherein also this embodiment is largely similar to that described above and in FIG. 2 In order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

A special feature of this embodiment is that the shaping air nozzles 10 have a jet direction, the relative to the axis of rotation 4 of the bell cup 3 is inclined radially inwardly, while the other shaping air nozzles 11 have a substantially axially parallel beam direction. The shaping air nozzles 10 thus constrict the shaping air jet so that the shaping air flow takes the form of a flat jet.

FIG. 7 corresponds substantially to the representation in Figure 1, so that to avoid repetition of the above description to FIG. 1 is referenced. From this illustration, it is also apparent that the shaping air ring 2 emits an intersecting directing air jet 6 due to the inwardly inclined jet direction.

FIG. 8 also shows an embodiment of a rotary atomizer 1 according to the invention, this embodiment being largely similar to that described above and in FIG FIG. 1 In order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

A special feature of this embodiment is that the shaping air ring 2 has three concentric shaping air nozzle rings, which deliver three shaping air jets 6.1, 6.2, 6.3.

In this case, the outer shaping air jet 6.1 has a jet direction which is inclined radially inwards relative to the axis of rotation 4. By contrast, the middle shaping air jet 6.2 has a substantially axis-parallel jet direction. The inner shaping air jet 6.3 finally has a jet direction which is inclined radially outward with respect to the rotation axis 4 of the bell cup 3.

FIG. 9 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of a shaping air nozzle 14 according to the invention, which is fed by a shaping air bore 15 with shaping air. The shaping air nozzle 14 expands stepwise at the transition from the shaping air bore 15 to the shaping air nozzle 14, whereby turbulence 16 is created in the shaping air nozzle 14.

FIG. 10 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a shaping air nozzle 14 according to the invention, partially FIG. 9 , so to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

A special feature of this embodiment is that the shaping air nozzle at the transition from the Lenkluftbohrung 15 not stepped, but conically widened.

FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of a shaping air nozzle 14 according to the invention, which partially according to the embodiment FIG. 9 , so to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

A special feature of this embodiment is first that the shaping air nozzle 14 does not expand in the beam direction, but tapers in the beam direction.

On the other hand, the shaping air nozzle 14 has three successive stepped nozzle sections 17, 18, 19 whose cross-section decreases in the flow direction.

Furthermore, the embodiment is also correct FIG. 12 partially with the embodiment described above, so that reference is made to avoid repetition of the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

A special feature in turn is that the shaping air nozzle 14 tapers in the flow direction.

Furthermore, a special feature of this embodiment is that the shaping air nozzle 14 has a conical inner contour.

FIG. 13 shows a section of a shaping air ring according to the invention with annularly arranged shaping air nozzles, wherein in the drawing only two shaping air nozzles 20, 21 are shown. Through the two shaping air nozzles 20, 21 in this case runs an annular slot 22 whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the shaping air nozzle ring.

FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of a shaping air nozzle 23 according to the invention with a cross-shaped, concentric slot arrangement 24th

In the embodiment according to FIG. 15 is for turbulence generation a distortion of a flow profile provided. Here, a shaping air bore 25 opens into a shaping air nozzle 26, the nozzle cross section of the shaping air nozzle 26 being inclined relative to the cross section of the shaping air bore 25. The shaping air flow in the shaping air bore 25 therefore has a conventional parabolic profile 27, while the shaping air jet emerging from the shaping air nozzle 26 has a distorted flow profile 28.

Further shows FIG. 16 two shaping air nozzles, which are formed by cuts 29, 30, wherein in the two incisions 29, 30 each a shaping air bore 31, 32 opens. The two incisions 29, 30 are each triangular in cross section.

The embodiment according to FIG. 17 again in part agrees with the embodiment according to FIG. 16 to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, wherein the same reference numerals are used for corresponding details.

A special feature of this embodiment is that the two guide air holes 31, 32 open into a common recess 33, which forms a shaping air nozzle and is also triangular in cross section.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

rotary atomizers

2

Directing air ring

3

A bell plate

4

axis of rotation

5

spray

6

Directing air jet

7

component

8th

turbulence

9

influx

10, 11

Steering air nozzles

12

Inner ring

13

Outer ring

14

air nozzle

15

Shaping air bore

16

turbulence

17-19

nozzle section

20, 21

Steering air nozzles

22

slot

23

air nozzle

24

slot arrangement

25

Shaping air bore

26

air nozzle

27, 28

flow profile

29, 30

cuts

31, 32

Shaping air bore

33

incision

Claims (16)

1. A shaping air ring (2) with a plurality of shaping air nozzles (10, 11; 14; 20, 21; 26) for discharging a shaping air jet (6) for shaping a spray jet (5) of an atomizer (1), characterized in that the shaping air nozzles (10, 11; 14; 20, 21; 26) comprise irregularities compared with a rotationally symmetrical arrangement, which generate turbulences.
2. The shaping air ring (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaping air nozzles (10, 11) are arranged in a ring shape and have different nozzle cross-sections and/or different jet directions, which vary along the circumference of the shaping air ring (2).
3. The shaping air ring (2) according to Claim 2, characterized in that

   a) a part of the shaping air nozzles (10, 11) is arranged on an inner ring, and

   b) another part of the shaping air nozzles (10, 11) is arranged on an outer ring.
4. The shaping air ring (2) according to any of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that

   a) a plurality of different groups of the shaping air nozzles (10, 11) are arranged in a circumferential direction,

   b) the shaping air nozzles (10, 11) within the individual groups each have a uniform jet direction and/or a uniform nozzle cross-section, and

   c) the neighboring groups differ by the jet direction and/or the nozzle cross-section of the respective shaping air nozzle (10, 11).
5. The shaping air ring (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual shaping air nozzles (10, 11) each have a nozzle cross-section that widens in the direction of flow.
6. The shaping air ring (2) according to claim 5, characterized in that the nozzle cross-section changes in the direction of flow

   a) conically or

   b) stepped in one step or in several steps.
7. The shaping air ring (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the nozzle cross-section in the direction of flow

   a) widens or

   b) tapers.
8. A shaping air ring (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case at least one slit (22, 24) is adjacent to the shaping air nozzles (20, 21; 23), which slit runs substantially parallel to the direction of flow.
9. The shaping air ring (2) according to claim 8, characterized in that

   a) the shaping air nozzles (20, 21) are arranged in a ring shape, and

   b) the slit (22) runs through the shaping air nozzles (20, 21) in a ring-shaped manner.
10. The shaping air ring (2) according to claim 8, characterized in that the slits (24) are arranged in a cross shape.
11. The shaping air ring (2) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the shaping air nozzles (26) each are fed by a shaping air bore (25) and have a nozzle cross-section that, compared to the cross-section of the shaping air bore (26), is inclined in order to distort the flow profile (28).
12. The shaping air ring (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaping air nozzles (10, 11; 14; 20, 21; 26) are formed by notches (29, 30, 33), into each of which one or two shaping air bores (31, 32) open.
13. The shaping air ring (2) according to claim 12, characterized in that the notches (29, 30; 33) are triangular in cross-section.
14. An atomizer (1), in particular a rotary atomizer with a shaping air ring (2) according to any one of the preceding claims.
15. A painting machine, in particular a painting robot, with an atomizer (1) according to claim 14.
16. A coating process with the following steps:

    a) discharge of a spray jet (5) of a coating agent onto a component to be coated (7) using an atomizer (1), the spray jet (5) having a directed flow within a close region in front of the atomizer (1),

    b) discharge of a shaping air jet (6) for shaping the spray jet (5) by means of a shaping air ring (2) with a plurality of shaping air nozzles (10, 11; 14; 20, 21; 26),

    c) Generation of turbulences in a remote region downstream behind the close region of the spray jet (5) in a targeted manner by the shaping air nozzles (10, 11; 14; 20, 21; 26), so that the shaping air jet (6) and the spray jet (5) contain substantially more turbulences in the remote region than in the close region, wherein the turbulences are generated by the shaping air nozzles (10, 11; 14; 20, 21; 26) having irregularities compared with a rotationally symmetrical arrangement.

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