Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
  • C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/378—(Co)polymerised monomers containing sulfur, e.g. sulfonate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3942—Inorganic per-compounds

Definitions

• the present patent application describes detergents, in particular detergents for the machine cleaning of dishes.
• the subject of this application are in particular phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergents.
• Machine-washed dishes are often subject to more stringent requirements today than manually-washed dishes. So the dishes after machine cleaning should not only be completely free of food particles free but also, for example, no whitish, based on water hardness or other mineral salts stains that come from lack of wetting agent from dried water drops.
• Modern automatic dishwashing detergents meet these requirements by integrating cleansing, caring, water-softening and clear-rinsing active ingredients and are known to the consumer, for example, as “2in1" or "3in1" dishwashing detergents.
• As essential for the cleaning as for the rinse aid success constituent intended for the private consumer dishwasher automatic dishwashing contain builders. On the one hand, these builders increase the alkalinity of the cleaning liquor, whereby fats and oils are emulsified and saponified with increasing alkalinity, and on the other hand reduce the water hardness of the cleaning liquor by complexing the calcium ions contained in the aqueous liquor.
• Particularly effective builders have proved to be the alkali metal phosphates which, for this reason, form the main constituent of the vast majority of commercially available automatic dishwashing detergents.
• phosphates are highly valued for their beneficial effect as a component of automatic dishwashing detergents, their use is not unproblematic from the environmental point of view, since a substantial portion of the phosphate enters the water via the domestic effluent and especially in stagnant waters (lakes , Barrages) plays a critical role in their over-fertilization.
• eutrophication the use of pentasodium triphosphate in laundry detergents in a number of countries, e.g. USA, Canada, Italy, Sweden, Norway, significantly reduced by law and regulations. completely prohibited in Switzerland. In Germany, detergents since 1984 may contain no more than 20% of this builder.
• nitrilotriacetic acid especially sodium aluminosilicates (zeolites) are used as phosphate substitutes or substitutes in textile detergents.
• these substances are not suitable for use in automatic dishwashing detergents for various reasons.
• alkali metal phosphates in automatic dishwashing detergents are therefore in the Literature discussed a number of substitutes, of which the citrates are particularly noteworthy.
• Phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergents which, in addition to a citrate, furthermore contain carbonates, bleaches and enzymes are described, for example, in European patents EP 662 117 B1 (Henkel KGaA) and EP 692 020 B1 (Henkel KGaA).
• MGDA methylglycine diacetic acid
• Machine dishwashing detergents containing MGDA are described, for example, in European patent EP 906 407 B1 (Reckitt Benckiser) or in European patent application EP 1 113 070 A2 (Reckitt Benckiser).
• the object of the present application was to provide a phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergent, which is comparable in terms of its cleaning performance and with respect to its rinse results and its performance in terms of scale inhibition with conventional phosphate cleaning agents or even better.
• automatic dishwashing detergents which, in addition to citrate, sodium percarbonate and nonionic surfactants, also contain specific hydrophobically modified copolymers have excellent deposit inhibition and excellent cleaning and rinsing performance even with the addition of small amounts of methylglycinediacetic acid and without the addition of alkali metal phosphates.
• a first characteristic constituent of agents according to the invention is the citrate.
• the term "citrate” also encompasses citric acid and its salts, in particular their alkali metal salts, Particularly preferred automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention contain citrate in amounts of from 5 to 60% by weight, preferably from 10 to 50% by weight and in particular from 15 to 40 Citrate and citric acid, respectively, have been found to be particularly effective in terms of cleaning performance, such as rinse-aid performance, in combination with MGDA and the hydrophobically-modified copolymers.
• organic co-builders are polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric carboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
• Useful organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of the free acid and / or their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function.
• these are adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures thereof.
• NTA nitrilotriacetic acid
• the free acids also typically have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners.
• succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these may be mentioned here.
• preferred machine dishwashing detergents contain as builder crystalline layered silicates of general formula NaMSi x O 2x + I ⁇ y H 2 O wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 22, preferably from 1, 9-4 where particularly preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4 and y is a number from 0 to 33, preferably from 0 to 20.
• amorphous sodium silicates with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which preferably delayed release and have secondary washing properties.
• Machine dishwashing detergents preferred in the context of the present invention comprise from 2 to 15% by weight, preferably from 3 to 12% by weight and in particular from 4 to 8% by weight, of silicate (s).
• alkali metal carbonate (s) preferably sodium carbonate
• suitable builders are polymeric polycarboxylates, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
• Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
• copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
• Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
• Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
• the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
• the content of the automatic dishwashing agents in (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight and in particular from 3 to 10% by weight.
• the complex-forming phosphonates include a number of different compounds such as 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP). Hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates are particularly preferred in this application.
• HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
• HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
• It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9).
• Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, eg. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP used.
• the builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates.
• the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular if the agents also contain bleach, it may be preferable to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
• An automatic dishwashing agent preferred in the context of this application contains one or more phosphonate (s) from the group a) aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP) and / or salts thereof; b) ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) and / or salts thereof; c) diethylenetriamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) and / or salts thereof; d) 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and / or salts thereof; e) 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) and / or salts thereof; f) hexamethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (HDTMP) and / or salts thereof; g) nitrilotri (methylenephosphonic acid) (NTMP) and / or salts thereof.
• ATMP aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid
• ETMP ethylenedi
• automatic dishwashing detergents which contain, as phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP).
• HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid
• DTPMP diethylenetriaminepenta
• the automatic dishwashing compositions of the invention may contain two or more different phosphonates. Particular preference is given to those automatic dishwashing compositions which contain as phosphonates both 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and diethylene triamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP), the weight ratio of HEDP to DTPMP being between 20: 1 and 1:20, preferably between 15: 1 and 1:15 and in particular between 10: 1 and 1:10.
• HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid
• DTPMP diethylene triamine penta
• the weight fraction of the phosphonate (s) in the total weight of the automatic dishwashing agent is less than the weight proportion of the polymer (s) d).
• those agents are particularly preferred in which the ratio of the weight fraction of polymer d) to the weight fraction of the phosphonate is 200: 1 to 2: 1, preferably 150: 1 to 2: 1, particularly preferably 100: 1 to 2: 1, more preferably 80: 1 to 3: 1 and especially 50: 1 to 5: 1.
• Machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention furthermore contain sodium percarbonate as bleaching agents, automatic dishwashing agents containing from 1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight and in particular from 4 to 12% by weight, of sodium percarbonate being preferred according to the invention.
• the automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention may additionally contain bleach activators.
• bleach activators it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
• Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
• Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) having proven particularly suitable.
• TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
• bleach activators in particular TAED, are preferably used in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight, especially 2 to 8% by weight and more preferably 2 to 6% by weight. , in each case based on the total weight of the bleach activator-containing agents used.
• bleach catalysts can also be used.
• These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes.
• Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
• complexes of manganese in the oxidation state II, III, IV or IV are used, which preferably contain one or more macrocyclic ligand (s) with the donor functions N, NR, PR, O and / or S.
• ligands are used which have nitrogen donor functions.
• bleach catalyst (s) in the compositions of the invention, which as macromolecular ligands 1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononan (Me-TACN), 1, 4,7-Triazacyclononan (TACN), 1, 5,9-trimethyl-1, 5,9- triazacyclododecane (Me-TACD), 2-methyl-1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me / Me-TACN) and / or 2-methyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me / TACN).
• macromolecular ligands 1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononan (Me-TACN), 1, 4,7-Triazacyclononan (TACN), 1, 5,9-trimethyl-1, 5,9- triazacyclododecane (Me-TACD), 2-methyl-1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me / Me-TACN) and
• Automatic dishwashing detergent characterized in that it further comprises a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, preferably from the group of complexes of manganese with 1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononan (Me 3 -TACN) or 1, 2, 4,7-tetramethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me 4 -TACN) are preferred according to the invention, since in particular the cleaning result can be significantly improved by the aforementioned bleach catalysts.
• a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, preferably from the group of complexes of manganese with 1, 4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononan (Me 3 -TACN) or 1, 2, 4,7-tetramethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane (Me 4 -TACN) are preferred according to the invention, since in particular the cleaning result can be significantly improved by the aforementioned bleach catalysts.
• the abovementioned bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes are used in customary amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular of 0.0025% by weight to 1% by weight and more preferably of 0, 01 wt .-% to 0.30 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the bleach activator-containing agents used. In special cases, however, more bleach activator can also be used.
• the agents according to the invention also contain surfactants.
• the group of surfactants includes nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants.
• Machine dishwashing detergents characterized in that they contain nonionic surfactant (s) in amounts of from 1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 2 to 8% by weight and in particular from 3 to 6% by weight, are preferred according to the invention.
• nonionic surfactants it is possible to use all nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which is a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
• the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is an arbitrary number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1, 2 to 1, 4.
• Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.
• the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
• nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
• washing or cleaning agents in particular automatic dishwashing detergents, contain nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols.
• the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
• EO ethylene oxide
• alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol preferred.
• Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C12 - 14 - alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 n-alcohol with 7 EO, C-ms alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 2 - 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of Ci 2 - 14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C-
• the stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number.
• Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE).
• NRE narrow rank ethoxylates
• fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
• ethoxylated nonionic surfactants consisting of C 6 - 2 o-monohydroxyalkanols or C 6 - 2 o-alkylphenols or C 16 - 2 o-fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and especially more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol were used.
• a particularly preferred nonionic surfactant is selected from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-2 alcohol), preferably a C 18 alcohol obtained and at least 12 mole, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
• C 16-2 alcohol straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
• C 18 alcohol preferably a C 18 alcohol obtained and at least 12 mole, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
• the so-called “narrow ranks ethoxylates" are particularly preferred.
• Nonionic surfactants which have a melting point above room temperature.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If nonionic surfactants are used which are highly viscous at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably above 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Also, nonionic surfactants having waxy consistency at room temperature are preferred depending on their purpose. Nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols, more preferably from the group of mixed alkoxylated alcohols and in particular from the group of EO-AO-EO-Niotenside, are also used with particular preference.
• the nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
• such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, more preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from.
• Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
• the alcohol or alkylphenol content of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably makes up more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight, of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.
• Preferred agents are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic Make up surfactants.
• surfactants come from the groups of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene ((PO / EO / PO) surfactants).
• Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
• nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25 Wt .-% of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane contains.
• nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units.
• surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows.
• R2 R3 preferably, R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6 - 24 represents alkyl or alkenyl; each group R 2 or R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the indices w, x, y, z independently stand for integers from 1 to 6.
• the preferred nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R 1 -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide.
• the radical R 1 in the above formula may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R 1 has an even number of carbon atoms and is usually unbranched, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred.
• Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position, as usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
• nonionic surfactants in which R 1 in the above formula is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 1 1 carbon atoms.
• alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide.
• R 2 or R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 or -CH (CH 3 ) 2 are suitable.
• Nonionic surfactants are summary particularly preferred which have a C. 9-i 5 alkyl radical having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units. These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.
• R 1 -CH (OH) CH 2 O- (AO) w - (A'O) x - (A "O) y - (A"'O) z -R 2 Surfactants of the general formula R 1 -CH (OH) CH 2 O- (AO) w - (A'O) x - (A "O) y - (A"'O) z -R 2 , in which R 1 and R 2 independently of one another represent a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 2 .
• A, A ', A "and A'” independently represent a radical from the group -CH 2 CH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ), -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 - CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CHs) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 2 -CH 3 ); and w, x, y and z are values between 0.5 and 90, where x, y and / or z can also be 0 are preferred according to the invention.
• end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants which, in accordance with the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 , in addition to a radical R 1 , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, furthermore having a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R 2 having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where x is from 1 to 30 carbon atoms 90, preferably for values between 30 and 80 and in particular for values between 30 and 60.
• surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 , in which R 1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 4 R 2 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x is values between 0.5 and 1, 5 and y is a value of at least 15.
• nonionic surfactants having a free hydroxyl group on one of the two terminal alkyl radicals By using the above-described nonionic surfactants having a free hydroxyl group on one of the two terminal alkyl radicals, the formation of deposits in machine dishwashing can be markedly improved compared to conventional polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols without a free hydroxyl group.
• nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 P] x [CH 2 J k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] J OR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl - or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5.
• R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred, and for the radical R 3 are H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 particularly preferred.
• Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
• each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x> 2.
• the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied.
• the value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
• R 1, R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x represents numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18.
• particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 have 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.
• the stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Due to the manufacturing process, commercial products of the formulas mentioned are usually not made of an individual representative, but of mixtures, which may result in mean values for the C chain lengths as well as for the degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation and subsequently broken numbers.
• nonionic surfactants can be used not only as individual substances, but also as surfactant mixtures of two, three, four or more surfactants.
• Mixtures of surfactants are not mixtures of nonionic surfactants which fall in their entirety under one of the abovementioned general formulas, but rather mixtures which contain two, three, four or more nonionic surfactants which can be described by different general formulas ,
• Phosphate-free automatic dishwashing compositions containing a) citrate b) sodium percarbonate c) 1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 8 wt .-% and in particular 3 to 6 wt .-% of nonionic surfactant d) copolymer, comprising i) monomers from the group of mono- or polyunsaturated
• Carboxylic acids ii) monomers of the general formula R 1 (R 2 ) C C (R 3 ) -XR 4 , in which R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H, -CH 3 or -C 2 H 5 , X is is an optionally present spacer group which is selected from -CH 2 -, -C (O) O- and -C (O) - NH-, and R 4 is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms or a unsaturated, preferably aromatic radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms e) 0.05 to 1 wt .-% methylglycinediacetic acid are inventively preferred.
• Another essential ingredient of automatic dishwashing detergent according to the invention is the hydrophobically modified copolymer d) comprising the monomers i) and ii).
• Phosphate-free automatic dishwashing compositions containing a) citrate b) sodium percarbonate c) nonionic surfactant d) copolymer comprising i) monomers from the group of carboxylic acids of the general formula
• carboxyl group-containing monomers i) are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, ⁇ -cyanoacrylic acid, crotonic acid, ⁇ -phenyl-acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, sorbic acid, cinnamic acid or mixtures thereof.
• Particularly preferred such monomers are butene, isobutene, pentene, 3-methylbutene, 2-methylbutene, cyclopentene, hexene, hexene-1, 2-methylpentene-1, 3-methylpentene-1, cyclohexene, methylcyclopentene, cycloheptene, methylcyclohexene , 2,4,4-trimethylpentene-1, 2,4,4-trimethylpentene-2,3,3-dimethylhexene-1,2,4-dimethylhexene-1,2,5-dimethlyhexene-1,3,5 Dimethyl-hexene-1, 4,4-dimehtylhexane-1, ethylcyclohexyn, 1-octene, ⁇ -olefins having 10
• Dishwasher detergents according to the invention have proved to be particularly effective with regard to optimum cleaning and rinse-aid results, in which the weight fraction of the copolymer a) is 4 to 18% by weight, preferably 6 to 15 and in particular 6 to 12% by weight.
• Phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergents containing a) citrate b) sodium percarbonate c) nonionic surfactant d) 4 to 18% by weight, preferably 6 to 15 and in particular 8 to 12% by weight of copolymer, comprising i) monomers from the group of the carboxylic acids of the general formula
• the copolymer d) in addition to the monomers i) and ii) further comprises a third monomer iii) from the group of sulfonic acid group-containing monomers.
• Preferred among these monomers are those of the formulas
• Particularly preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, S-methacrylamido-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide and mixtures of said acids or their water-soluble
• the sulfonic acid groups may be wholly or partially in neutralized form, i. the acidic acid of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups can be exchanged for metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
• metal ions preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
• partially or fully neutralized sulfonic acid-containing copolymers is preferred according to the invention.
• the molar mass of the sulfo copolymers preferably used according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the desired end use.
• Preferred automatic dishwashing detergents are characterized in that the copolymers have molar masses of from 2000 to 200,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol -1, and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol -1 .
• the machine dishwashing compositions according to the invention contain metyhglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) as the last essential constituent.
• MGDA metyhglycinediacetic acid
• the methylglycinediacetic acid can be present in the compositions according to the invention in the form of the free acid, as a partial neutralizate or completely neutralized.
• the methylglycinediacetic acid is in the form of an alkali metal salt.
• the weight fraction of methylglycinediacetic acid e) in particularly preferred automatic dishwasher detergents is 0.05 to 0.95% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.9% by weight and in particular 0.2 to 0.8% by weight.
• machine dishwashing detergents of the following outline formulations are particularly preferred in this application:
• ingredients described above such as builder, the bleach, the nonionic surfactant, the copolymer a) and methylglycinediacetic preferred automatic dishwashing contain other ingredients, preferably active ingredients from the group of polymers, enzymes, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances or dyes.
• the group of washing- or cleaning-active polymers includes, for example, the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners.
• the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners include, for example, the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners.
• cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers can be used in detergents or cleaners in addition to nonionic polymers.
• “Cationic polymers” for the purposes of the present invention are polymers which carry a positive charge in the polymer molecule, which can be realized, for example, by (alkyl) ammonium groups or other positively charged groups present in the polymer chain quaternized cellulose derivatives, the polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, the cationic guar derivatives, the polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives of the dialkylamino acrylate and methacrylate, the vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolinium chloride copolymers, the quaternized polyvinyl alcohols or the polymers specified under the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium 27.
• amphoteric polymers further comprise, in addition to a positively charged group in the polymer chain, also negatively charged groups or monomer units. These groups may be, for example, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
• R 1 and R 4 are each independently H or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
• R 2 and R 3 are independently an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aminoalkyl group in which the alkyl group is linear or branched and has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl group;
• x and y independently represent integers between 1 and 3.
• X represents a counterion, preferably a counterion from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, methosulfate, lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), cumene sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phosphate, citrate, formate, acetate or mixtures thereof
• Preferred radicals R 1 and R 4 in the above formula are selected from -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH 3, - CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3, -CH (CH 3) -CH 3, -CH 2 -OH , -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH
• cationic or amphoteric polymers contain a monomer unit of the general formula
• R1 HC CR2-C (O) -NH- (CH 2) -N + R3R4R5
• X " in the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently of one another a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl radical selected from CH 3, -CH 2 -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH 2 - CH 3, -CH (CH 3) -CH 3, -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH) -CH 3 , and - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n is H and x is an integer between 1 and 6.
• H 2 C C (CHS) -C (O) -NH- (CH 2 ) X-N + (C HS) 3
• X " in the case of X " chloride also referred to as MAPTAC (Methyaciylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride).
• amphoteric polymers have not only cationic groups but also anionic groups or monomer units.
• anionic monomer units are derived, for example, from the group of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated carboxylates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated phosphonates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfates or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfonates.
• Preferred monomer units are acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, (dimethyl) acrylic acid, (ethyl) acrylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, vinylessingic acid, allylacetic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid and their derivatives, the allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid or the allylphosphonic acids.
• Preferred amphoteric polymers which can be used are from the group of the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers which cationically derivatized alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / alkymethacrylate / alkylaminoethyl methacrylate / alkyl methacrylate copolymers and the copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers
• Preferred zwitterionic polymers are from the group of acrylamidoalkyltri alkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, the acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts and the methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers.
• amphoteric polymers which comprise, in addition to one or more anionic monomers as cationic monomers, methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride and dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride.
• amphoteric polymers are selected from the group consisting of the methacrylamidoalkyltri-alkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and the methacylamidoalkyl trialkyl ammonium chloride / dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride / alkyl
• amphoteric polymers from the group of the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyldiallylammonium chloride / -
• Alkyl (meth) acrylic acid Copolynnere and their alkali metal and ammonium salts are examples of acrylic acid Copolynnere and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
• the polymers are present in prefabricated form.
• the encapsulation of the polymers by means of water-soluble or water-dispersible coating compositions, preferably by means of water-soluble or water-dispersible natural or synthetic polymers; the encapsulation of the polymers by means of water-insoluble, meltable coating compositions, preferably by means of water-insoluble coating agents from the group of waxes or paraffins having a melting point above 30 0 C; the co-granulation of the polymers with inert carrier materials, preferably with carrier materials from the group of washing- or cleaning-active substances, more preferably from the group of builders or cobuilders.
• Detergents or cleaning agents contain the aforementioned cationic and / or amphoteric polymers preferably in amounts of between 0.01 and 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent.
• detergents or cleaners enzymes can be used. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases, perhydrolases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents or cleaning agents, which are preferably used accordingly.
• Detergents or cleaning agents contain enzymes preferably in total amounts of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 to 5 wt .-% based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.
• proteases those of the subtilisin type are preferable.
• subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg and their further developed forms examples of these are the subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg and their further developed forms, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase which can no longer be assigned to the subtilisins in the narrower sense, Proteinase K and the proteases TW3 and TW7.
• amylases which can be used according to the invention are the ⁇ -amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from ⁇ . amyloliquefaciens, from ⁇ . stearothermophilus, from Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae, as well as improved for use in detergents and cleaners further developments of the aforementioned amylases. Furthermore, for this purpose, the ⁇ -amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from ⁇ . agaradherens (DSM 9948).
• lipases or cutinases are also usable according to the invention.
• these include, for example, the lipases originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa (Thermomyces lanuginosus) or further developed, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L.
• the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humicola insolens. It is also possible to use lipases, or cutinases, whose initial enzymes were originally isolated from Pseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solanii.
• Oxidoreductases for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo, chloro, bromo, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) can be used according to the invention to increase the bleaching effect.
• the enzymes can be used in any form known in the art. These include, for example, those obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization solid preparations or, in particular in the case of liquid or gel-form compositions, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, sparingly mixed with water and / or with stabilizers.
• the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer.
• a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer.
• further active ingredients for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaches or dyes, may additionally be applied.
• Such capsules are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or rolling granulation or in fluid-bed processes.
• such granules for example by applying polymeric
• a protein and / or enzyme may be particularly protected during storage against damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
• damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
• inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, especially if the agents also contain proteases.
• Detergents may contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such means constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Glass corrosion inhibitors prevent the occurrence of haze, streaks and scratches, but also iridescence of the glass surface of machine-cleaned glasses.
• Preferred glass corrosion inhibitors come from the group of magnesium and zinc salts as well as magnesium and zinc complexes.
• preferred zinc salts preferably organic acids, particularly preferably organic carboxylic acids, ranging from salts which are difficult or insoluble in water, ie a solubility below 100 mg / l, preferably below 10 mg / l, in particular below 0.01 have mg / l, to those salts which have a solubility in water above 100 mg / l, preferably above 500 mg / l, more preferably above 1 g / l and in particular above 5 g / l (all solubilities at 2O 0 C. water temperature).
• the first group of zinc salts includes, for example, the zinc nitrate, the zinc oleate and the zinc stearate, and the group of soluble zinc salts includes, for example, zinc formate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and zinc gluconate.
• the glass corrosion inhibitor at least one zinc salt of an organic carboxylic acid, more preferably a zinc salt from the group zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and Zinkeitrat used.
• Zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate and zinc oxalate are also preferred.
• the content of zinc salt in detergents or cleaners is preferably between 0.1 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 4% by weight and in particular between 0.4 and 3% by weight.
• the content of zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn 2+ ) between 0.01 to 1 wt .-%, preferably between 0.02 to 0.5 wt .-% and in particular between 0.04 to 0, 5 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the glass corrosion inhibitor-containing agent.
• Corrosion inhibitors serve to protect the items to be washed or the machine, with particular silver protectants being of particular importance in the field of automatic dishwashing. It is possible to use the known substances of the prior art. In general, silver protectants selected from the group of triazoles, benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles and transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferred.
• 3-amino-5-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles or their physiologically tolerated salts preference is given to using 3-amino-5-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles or their physiologically tolerated salts, these substances being particularly preferably present in a concentration of 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.0025 to 2 Wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.04 wt .-% are used.
• disintegration aids so-called tablet disintegrants
• disintegration aids in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the disintegration aid-containing agent.
• Preferred disintegrating agents are cellulosic disintegrating agents, so that preferred washing or cleaning agents comprise such cellulose-based disintegrants in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight. % contain.
• the cellulose used as a disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before it is added to the premixes to be tabletted.
• the particle sizes of such disintegrating agents are usually above 200 .mu.m, preferably at least 90 wt .-% between 300 and 1600 .mu.m and in particular at least 90 wt .-% between 400 and 1200 microns.
• Preferred disintegration aids preferably a cellulose-based disintegration assistant, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, are present in the desintegration agent-containing agents in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the desintegration agent-containing agent.
• gas-evolving effervescent systems can furthermore be used as tablet disintegration auxiliaries.
• the gas-evolving effervescent system may consist of a single substance that releases a gas upon contact with water.
• these compounds mention should be made in particular of magnesium peroxide, which liberates oxygen on contact with water.
• preferred effervescent systems consist of at least two components, which react with one another to form gas, for example from alkali metal carbonate and / or bicarbonate and an acidifying agent which is suitable for liberating carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution.
• Acidificationsmittel which release carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution, for example, boric acid and alkali metal hydrogen sulfates, alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates and other inorganic salts can be used.
• organic acidifying agents preference is given to using organic acidifying agents, the citric acid being a particularly preferred acidifying agent. Acidifying agents in the effervescent system from the group of organic di-, tri- and oligocarboxylic acids or mixtures are preferred.
• perfume oils or perfumes within the scope of the present invention, individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Preferably, however, mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance.
• perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as are available from vegetable sources, e.g. Pine, Citrus, Jasmine, Patchouly, Rose or Ylang-Ylang oil.
• the fragrances can be processed directly, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances on carriers that provide a slower fragrance release for long-lasting fragrance.
• carrier materials for example, cyclodextrins have been proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can be additionally coated with other excipients.
• Preferred dyes the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the dye-containing agents such as textiles, glass, ceramics or plastic dishes, so as not to stain them.
• the automatic dishwashing compositions according to the invention can be formulated in solid or liquid form but can also be present, for example, as a combination of solid and liquid forms.
• Powder, granules, extrudates or compacts, in particular tablets, are particularly suitable as solid supply forms.
• the liquid supply forms based on water and / or organic solvents may be thickened, in the form of gels.
• Inventive agents can be formulated as single-phase or multi-phase products.
• automatic dishwashing detergents with one, two, three or are preferred four phases.
• Machine dishwashing detergents characterized in that they are in the form of a prefabricated dosing unit with two or more phases, are particularly preferred.
• the individual phases of multiphase agents may have the same or different states of matter.
• Machine dishwashing detergents which have at least two different solid phases and / or at least two liquid phases and / or at least one solid and at least one liquid phase are preferred.
• Automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention are preferably prefabricated to form metering units. These metering units preferably comprise the necessary for a cleaning cycle amount of washing or cleaning-active substances. Preferred metering units have a weight between 12 and 30 g, preferably between 14 and 26 g and in particular between 15 and 22 g.
• the volume of the aforementioned metering units and their spatial form are selected with particular preference so that a metering of the prefabricated units is ensured via the metering chamber of a dishwasher.
• the volume of the dosing unit is therefore preferably between 10 and 35 ml, preferably between 12 and 30 ml and in particular between 15 and 25 ml.
• the automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention in particular the prefabricated metering units, have a water-soluble coating, with particular preference.
• the present application further relates to a method for cleaning dishes in a dishwasher using automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention, wherein the automatic dishwashing agents are preferably metered into the interior of a dishwasher during the passage of a dishwashing program, before the main wash cycle or during the main wash cycle.
• the metering or the entry of the agent according to the invention into the interior of the dishwasher can be done manually, but preferably the agent is metered into the interior of the dishwasher by means of the metering chamber of the dishwasher.
• no additional water softener and no additional rinse aid is dosed into the interior of the dishwasher.
• compositions according to the invention are distinguished from conventional automatic dishwashing agents by an improved rinsing action.
• a dishwasher detergent according to the invention as a rinse aid in automatic dishwashing is therefore a further subject matter of the present application.
• composition of the dishwashing agents used can be found in the following table:

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• 2007
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