EP2364351B1 - Détergents - Google Patents

Détergents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2364351B1
EP2364351B1 EP09763945.4A EP09763945A EP2364351B1 EP 2364351 B1 EP2364351 B1 EP 2364351B1 EP 09763945 A EP09763945 A EP 09763945A EP 2364351 B1 EP2364351 B1 EP 2364351B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
mono
monomers
functional group
polyunsaturated
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EP09763945.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2364351A1 (fr
Inventor
Nadine Warkotsch
Johannes Zipfel
Thomas Holderbaum
Claudia Ottow
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C11D1/721—End blocked ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
    • C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/378—(Co)polymerised monomers containing sulfur, e.g. sulfonate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds

Definitions

  • the present patent application describes detergents, in particular detergents for the machine cleaning of dishes.
  • This application relates to phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergents which contain a combination of cleaning-active polymers and nonionic surfactant and citrate / citric acid.
  • Machine-washed dishes are often subject to higher demands today than manually-washed dishes. So the dishes after machine cleaning should not only be completely free of food particles, but also, for example, have no whitish, based on water hardness or other mineral salts stains that come from lack of wetting agent from dried water droplets.
  • Modern automatic dishwashing detergents meet these requirements by integrating cleansing, caring, water-softening and clear-rinse active ingredients and are known to the consumer, for example, as “2in1" or "3in1" dishwashing detergents.
  • As essential for the cleaning as for the rinse aid success constituent intended for the private consumer dishwasher automatic dishwashing contain builders. On the one hand, these builders increase the alkalinity of the cleaning liquor, whereby fats and oils are emulsified and saponified with increasing alkalinity, and on the other hand reduce the water hardness of the cleaning liquor by complexing the calcium ions contained in the aqueous liquor.
  • Particularly effective builders have proved to be the alkali metal phosphates which, for this reason, form the main constituent of the vast majority of commercially available automatic dishwashing detergents.
  • phosphates are highly valued for their beneficial effect as a component of automatic dishwashing detergents
  • their use is not unproblematic from the environmental point of view, since a substantial portion of the phosphate enters the water via the domestic effluent and especially in stagnant waters (lakes , Barrages) plays a critical role in their over-fertilization.
  • eutrophication the use of pentasodium triphosphate in laundry detergents in a number of countries, e.g. USA, Canada, Italy, Sweden, Norway, significantly reduced by law and regulations. completely prohibited in Switzerland. In Germany, detergents have been allowed to contain no more than 20% of this builder since 1984.
  • nitrilotriacetic acid especially sodium aluminosilicates (zeolites) are used as phosphate substitutes or substitutes in textile detergents.
  • these substances are not suitable for use in automatic dishwashing detergents for various reasons.
  • Alkali metal phosphates in automatic dishwashing detergents are therefore discussed in the literature as a number of substitutes, of which the citrates are particularly noteworthy.
  • Phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergents which, in addition to a citrate, furthermore contain carbonates, bleaches and enzymes are described, for example, in the European patents EP 662 117 B1 (Henkel KGaA) and EP 692 020 B1 (Henkel KGaA).
  • MGDA methylglycine diacetic acid
  • the object of the present application was to provide a phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergent, which is comparable in terms of its cleaning performance and with respect to its rinse results and its performance in terms of scale inhibition with conventional phosphate cleaning agents or even better.
  • automatic dishwashing detergents which, in addition to builder and bleach, furthermore comprise a mixture of specific sulfonic acid group-containing polymers and nonionic Surfactant and 5 to 60 wt .-% citrate and citric acid, even without the addition of alkali metal phosphates have excellent pad inhibition and cleaning and rinsing performance.
  • the dishwasher detergents according to the invention contain builders, bleaches and the copolymers A and B, the nonionic surfactant C and 5 to 60 wt .-% citrate and citric acid.
  • a first essential component of agents according to the invention are the builders.
  • the group of these builders includes, in particular, the citrates and also the carbonates and the organic cobuilders.
  • citrate also includes citric acid as well as its salts, in particular their alkali metal salts.
  • Machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention contain citric acid and citrate, preferably sodium citrate, in amounts of from 5 to 60% by weight, preferably from 10 to 50% by weight and in particular from 15 to 40% by weight.
  • organic cobuilders include polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, dextrins and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
  • Useful organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of the free acid and / or their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function.
  • these are adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures thereof.
  • NTA nitrilotriacetic acid
  • the free acids also typically have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners.
  • succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these may be mentioned here.
  • the complex-forming phosphonates comprise a number of different compounds, such as diethylene triamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP). Hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates are particularly preferred in this application.
  • HEDP 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonate
  • Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably used in the form of the neutrally reacting sodium salts, eg. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP used.
  • the builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates.
  • the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular if the agents also contain bleach, it may be preferable to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
  • automatic dishwashing detergents which contain as phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP).
  • HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid
  • DTPMP diethylenetriaminepenta
  • the automatic dishwashing compositions of the invention may contain two or more different phosphonates.
  • the proportion by weight of the phosphonates in the total weight of automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention is preferably from 1 to 8% by weight, preferably from 1.2 to 6% by weight and in particular from 1.5 to 4% by weight.
  • a second essential constituent of automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are the bleaching agents, oxygen bleaching agents being preferred according to the invention.
  • bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, Citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
  • Bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaches can furthermore be used.
  • Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
  • Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids.
  • Preferred phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergents are characterized in that the dishwashing detergent, based in each case on the total weight of the dishwashing detergent, contains 1.0 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight and in particular 4 to 12% by weight sodium percarbonate.
  • the automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention may additionally contain bleach activators.
  • bleach activators it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
  • Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
  • Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) having proven particularly suitable.
  • TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • bleach activators in particular TAED, are preferably used in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight, especially 2 to 8% by weight and more preferably 2 to 6% by weight. , in each case based on the total weight of the bleach activator-containing agents used.
  • bleach catalysts can also be used.
  • These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes.
  • Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
  • ligands are used which have nitrogen donor functions.
  • bleach catalyst (s) in the agents which are used as macromolecular ligands 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me-TACN), 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN), 1,5,9-trimethyl-1, 5,9-triazacyclododecane (Me-TACD), 2-methyl-1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me / Me-TACN) and / or 2-methyl-1,4,7- triazacyclononane (Me / TACN).
  • Machine dishwashing detergent characterized in that it further comprises a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, preferably from the group of complexes of manganese with 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me 3 -TACN ) or 1,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me 4 -TACN), are preferred according to the invention, since in particular the cleaning result can be significantly improved by the aforementioned bleach catalysts.
  • a bleach catalyst selected from the group of bleach-enhancing transition metal salts and transition metal complexes, preferably from the group of complexes of manganese with 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me 3 -TACN ) or 1,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me 4 -TACN), are preferred according to the invention, since in particular the cleaning result can be significantly improved by the aforementioned
  • the abovementioned bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes are used in customary amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular of 0.0025% by weight to 1% by weight and more preferably of 0, 01 wt .-% to 0.30 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the bleach catalyst-containing agents used. In special cases, however, more bleach catalyst can be used.
  • Some further exemplary formulations for preferred automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention can be found in the following Table 2: ingredient Recipe 1 [% by weight] Recipe 2 [% by weight] Recipe 3 [% by weight] Recipe 4 [% by weight] citrate 5.0 to 60 10 to 50 10 to 50 15 to 40 carbonate 5.0 to 50 5.0 to 50 10 to 40 15 to 30 sodium 1.0 to 20 2.0 to 15 2.0 to 15 4.0 to 12 Copolymer A 1.0 to 12 2.0 to 10 2.0 to 10 3.0 to 8.0 Copolymer B 2.0 to 16 4.0 to 14 4.0 to 14 6.0 to 12
  • Nonionic surfactant C 0.5 to 8 1.0 to 7.0 1.0 to 7.0 2.0 to 6.0 bleach 0 to 8 0 to 8 0 to 8 2.0 to 6.0 bleach catalyst 0 to 5.0 0 to 1.0 0 to 1.0 0.0025 to 1.0 phosphonate 0 to 8.0 1 to 8.0 0 to 8.0 0 to 8.0 Misc Add 100 Add 100 Add 100 Add 100 Add 100 Add 100 Add 100 Add 100 Add 100 Add 100 Add 100
  • the hydrophobically modified copolymers A are a third essential constituent of automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention.
  • Particularly preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 3 Methacrylamido-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate , Sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide and mixtures of said acids or their water-soluble
  • the sulfonic acid groups may be wholly or partially in neutralized form, i. the acidic acid of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups can be exchanged for metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
  • metal ions preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
  • partially or fully neutralized sulfonic acid-containing copolymers is preferred according to the invention.
  • hydrophobic monomers are butene, isobutene, pentene, 3-methylbutene, 2-methylbutene, cyclopentene, hexene, hexene-1, 2-methylpentene-1, 3-methylpentene-1, cyclohexene, methylcyclopentene, cycloheptene, methylcyclohexene, 2,4 , 4-trimethylpentene-1,2,4,4-trimethylpentene-2,3,3-dimethylhexene-1,2,4-dimethylhexene-1,2,5-dimethlyhexene-1,3,5-dimethylhexene-1,4 , 4-dimethylhexane-1, ethylcyclohexyn, 1-octene, ⁇ -olefins having 10 or more carbon atoms such as 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene and C
  • machine dishwashing agents according to the invention contain, as constituent of the hydrophobically modified copolymers A, monomers aii) from the group of mono- or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids.
  • carboxyl-containing monomers i) are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, ⁇ -cyanoacrylic acid, crotonic acid, ⁇ -phenyl-acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, sorbic acid, cinnamic acid or mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred are acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • the proportion by weight of the copolymer A in the total weight of phosphate-free automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention is preferably from 1 to 12% by weight, preferably from 2 to 10% by weight and in particular from 3 to 8% by weight.
  • the copolymer B contains at least one monomer bi) from the group of mono- or polyunsaturated sulfonic acids and at least one monomer bii) from the group of mono- or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids.
  • the preferred monomers for use in the copolymer B from the group of sulfonic acids are identical to those provided above for use in the copolymers A preferred compounds, which is why at this point to. Avoiding repetition of the statements there is referenced.
  • the proportion by weight of the copolymer B in the total weight of phosphate-free automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention is preferably from 2 to 16% by weight, preferably from 4 to 14% by weight and in particular from 6 to 12% by weight.
  • the molar mass of the sulfo copolymers A and B preferably used according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the desired end use.
  • Preferred automatic dishwashing agents are characterized in that the copolymers A and B have molar masses of 2000 to 200,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol -1 and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol -1 .
  • the agents according to the invention also contain surfactants.
  • the group of surfactants includes nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants.
  • the automatic dishwashing detergents contain nonionic surfactants in amounts of between 0.5 and 8% by weight.
  • Phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergent characterized in that the weight fraction of the nonionic surfactant C in the total weight of the automatic dishwashing agent is 0.5 to 8 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 7 wt .-% and in particular 2 to 6 wt .-%, according to the invention prefers.
  • nonionic surfactants it is possible to use all nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x in which R corresponds to a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially methyl-branched, 2-position aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the symbol which is a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
  • the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.
  • the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
  • nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • washing or cleaning agents in particular automatic dishwashing detergents, contain nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols.
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
  • the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13-15 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
  • the stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • ethoxylated nonionic surfactants which consist of C 8-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6-20 alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 mol, preferably more than 15 mol and in particular more than 20 mol of ethylene oxide per mol Alcohol was used.
  • a particularly preferred nonionic surfactant is obtained from a straight-chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-20 alcohol), preferably a C 18 -alcohol and at least 12 mol, preferably at least 15 mol and especially at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide.
  • C 16-20 alcohol straight-chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
  • C 18 -alcohol preferably a C 18 -alcohol
  • at least 12 mol preferably at least 15 mol and especially at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide.
  • the so-called “narrow range ethoxylates” are particularly preferred.
  • Nonionic surfactants which have a melting point above room temperature.
  • nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If nonionic surfactants are used which are highly viscous at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pa ⁇ s, preferably above 35 Pa ⁇ s and in particular above 40 Pa ⁇ s. Also, nonionic surfactants having waxy consistency at room temperature are preferred depending on their purpose.
  • Nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols are also used with particular preference.
  • the nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
  • such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, more preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from.
  • Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
  • the alcohol or alkylphenol content of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably makes up more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight, of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.
  • Preferred agents are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic Make up surfactants.
  • surfactants come from the groups of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene ((PO / EO / PO) surfactants).
  • Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
  • More particularly preferred nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight. % of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.
  • nonionic surfactants have been low fuming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units.
  • surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AOA groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows.
  • nichionic surfactants of the general formula in which R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R 2 or R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the indices w, x, y, z independently stand for integers from 1 to 6.
  • the preferred nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R 1 -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide.
  • the radical R 1 in the above formula may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R 1 has an even number of carbon atoms and is usually unbranched, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred.
  • Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
  • nonionic surfactants in which R 1 in the above formula is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 Carbon atoms.
  • alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide.
  • R 2 or R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 or -CH (CH 3 ) 2 are suitable,
  • Nonionic surfactants of the above formula are preferably used in which R 2 or R 3 is a radical -CH 3 , w and x are independently of one another values of 3 or 4 and y and z are independently of one another values of 1 or 2.
  • nonionic surfactants having a C 9-15 alkyl group having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units.
  • These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.
  • nonionic surfactants from the group of hydroxy mixed ethers, since these nonionic surfactants, compared to nonionic surfactants from other classes of surfactants, produce significantly better rinsing properties of the automatic dishwashing detergents.
  • R 1 -CH (OH) CH 2 O- (AO) w - (A'O) x - (A "O) y - (A"'O) z -R 2 in which R 1 and R 2 is independently a straight-chain or branched, saturated or on or polyunsaturated C 2-40 alkyl or alkenyl, A, A ', A "and A"' is independently a radical from the group -CH 2 CH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ), -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 2 -CH 3 ); and w, x, y and z are values between 0.5 and 90, where x, y and / or z can also be 0 are preferred according to the invention.
  • end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants which, in accordance with the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 , in addition to a radical R 1 , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, further having a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group R 2 having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein x is a value between 1 and 90, preferably for values between 30 and 80 and in particular for values between 30 and 60.
  • surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 , in which R 1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 4 R 2 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x is values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15.
  • nonionic surfactants having a free hydroxyl group on one of the two terminal alkyl radicals By using the above-described nonionic surfactants having a free hydroxyl group on one of the two terminal alkyl radicals, the formation of deposits in machine dishwashing can be markedly improved compared to conventional polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols without a free hydroxyl group.
  • R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] y CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 in which R 1 and R 2 independently of one another is a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms, R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3
  • -CH (CH 3) 2 preferably is -CH 3
  • nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2 Butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5.
  • each R 3 in the above formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] 1 OR 2 may be different.
  • R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
  • R 3 H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred.
  • Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15,
  • each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x ⁇ 2.
  • the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied.
  • the value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
  • R 1, R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x represents numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18.
  • particularly preferred are surfactants wherein where the radicals R 1 and R 2 have g to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.
  • the stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Due to the manufacturing process, commercial products of the formulas mentioned are usually not made of an individual representative, but of mixtures, which may result in mean values for the C chain lengths as well as for the degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation and subsequently broken numbers.
  • nonionic surfactants can be used not only as individual substances, but also as surfactant mixtures of two, three, four or more surfactants.
  • Mixtures of surfactants are not mixtures of nonionic surfactants which fall in their entirety under one of the abovementioned general formulas, but rather mixtures which contain two, three, four or more nonionic surfactants which can be described by different general formulas ,
  • compositions according to the invention apart from the dyes and fragrances, are the enzymes which are used to increase the washing or cleaning performance of detergents or cleaners.
  • enzymes which are used to increase the washing or cleaning performance of detergents or cleaners.
  • These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases, perhydrolases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof.
  • These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents or cleaning agents, which are preferably used accordingly. Washing or cleaning agents contain enzymes preferably in total amounts of 1 ⁇ 10 -8 to 5 wt .-% based on active protein.
  • the protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.
  • subtilisin type those of the subtilisin type are preferable.
  • subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg and their further developed forms the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309. the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus .
  • amylases which can be used according to the invention are the ⁇ -amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from B. amyloliquefaciens , from B. stearothermophilus, from Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae and improved for use in detergents and cleaners further developments of the aforementioned amylases. Furthermore, for this purpose, the ⁇ -amylase from Bacillus sp . A7-7 (DSM 12368) and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from B. agaradherens (DSM 9948).
  • lipases or cutinases are also usable according to the invention.
  • these include, for example, those originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa ( Thermomyces lanuginosus ) or further wound lipases, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L.
  • the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium so / ani pisi and Humicola insolens .
  • Oxidoreductases for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo, chloro, bromo, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) can be used according to the invention to increase the bleaching effect.
  • the enzymes can be used in any form known in the art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, especially in the case of liquid or gel-form detergents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, sparing in water and / or added with stabilizers.
  • the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in such front core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer.
  • further active ingredients for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaches or dyes, may additionally be applied.
  • Such capsules are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or rolling granulation or in fluid-bed processes.
  • such granules for example by applying polymeric film-forming agent, low in dust and storage stable due to the coating.
  • a protein and / or enzyme may be particularly protected during storage against damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
  • damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
  • inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, especially if the agents also contain proteases.
  • Detergents may contain stabilizers for this purpose: the provision of such agents constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • enzymes and / or enzyme preparations preferably solid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of from 0.1 to 12% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 8% by weight and in particular of 0.5 to 8 wt .-%, each based on the total enzyme-containing agent used.
  • a method for cleaning dishes in a dishwasher using a dishwasher detergent according to the invention is a further subject of the present application, wherein the automatic dishwashing detergent preferably metered into the interior of a dishwasher during the passage of a dishwasher, before the main wash cycle or in the course of the main wash cycle become.
  • the metering or, the entry of the agent according to the invention in the interior of the dishwasher can be done manually, but preferably the agent is metered by means of the metering chamber of the dishwasher into the interior of the dishwasher.
  • Preferred methods according to the invention are characterized in that no additional water softener and no additional rinse aid are metered into the interior of the dishwasher in the course of the cleaning process.
  • the dishwasher detergents according to the invention exhibit their advantageous rinsing properties, in particular also in low-temperature cleaning processes.
  • Preferred dishwashing processes using agents according to the invention are therefore characterized in that the dishwashing processes are carried out at a liquor temperature below 60 ° C., preferably below 50 ° C.
  • the amount of machine dishwashing agent according to the invention used in preferred embodiments of the process according to the invention per cleaning cycle is from 12 to 26 g, preferably from 14 to 24 g and in particular from 16 to 22 g.
  • the dishwasher detergents according to the invention are distinguished by outstanding rinsing properties. This applies in particular with regard to avoiding the formation of deposits on glass or plastic surfaces in automatic dishwashing.
  • a final subject of the present application is therefore the use of a machine dishwashing agent according to the invention for reducing the formation of deposits on glass surfaces or plastic surfaces in automatic dishwashing.

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Claims (13)

  1. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate, contenant un adjuvant de détergence, des agents de blanchiment, et en plus
    a) un copolymère à modification hydrophobe A, comprenant des monomères ai) du groupe des acides sulfoniques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés, des monomères aii) du groupe des acides carboxyliques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés, et des monomères aiii) de formule générale R1(R2)C=C(R3)-X-R4, dans laquelle R1 à R3 représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, -H, -CH3 ou -C2H5, X représente un groupe espaceur optionnel, sélectionné parmi -CH2-, -C(O)O- et -C(O)-NH-, et R4 représente un radical alkyle saturé à chaîne droite ou ramifié comportant 2 à 22 atomes de carbone ou un radical insaturé, de préférence aromatique, comportant 6 à 22 atomes de carbone,
    b) un copolymère sans modification hydrophobe B, comprenant des monomères bi) du groupe des acides sulfoniques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés et des monomères bii) du groupe des acides carboxyliques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés,
    c) un tensioactif non ionique C,
    d) 5 à 60 % en poids de citrate et d'acide citrique.
  2. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la part en poids du copolymère A représente 1 à 12 % en poids, de préférence 2 à 10 % en poids et en particulier 3 à 8 % en poids.
  3. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la part en poids du copolymère B représente 2 à 16 % en poids, de préférence 4 à 14 % en poids et en particulier 6 à 12 % en poids.
  4. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il contient un tensioactif non ionique C de formule générale

            R1-CH(OH)CH2O-(AO)w-(A'O)x-(A"O)y-(A"'O)z-R2,

    dans laquelle
    - R1 représente un radical alkyle en C6-24 ou alcényle à chaîne droite ou ramifié, saturé ou une ou plusieurs fois insaturé ;
    - R2 représente un radical hydrocarbure linéaire ou ramifié comportant 2 à 26 atomes de carbone ;
    - A, A', A" et A'" représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, un radical du groupe -CH2CH2, -CH2CH2-CH2, -CH2-CH(CH3), -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2, -CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-, -CH2-CH(CH2-CH3),
    - w, x, y et z représentent des valeurs comprises entre 0,5 et 120, x, y et/ou z pouvant aussi correspondre à 0.
  5. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la part en poids du tensioactif non ionique C représente 0,5 à 8 % en poids, de préférence 1 à 7 % en poids et en particulier 2 à 6 % en poids.
  6. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il contient de préférence 10 à 50 % en poids et en particulier 15 à 40 % en poids de citrate et d'acide citrique.
  7. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il contient 1 à 20 % en poids, de préférence 2 à 15 % en poids et en particulier 4 à 12 % en poids de percarbonate de sodium.
  8. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant
    a) 2 à 10 % en poids d'un copolymère à modification hydrophobe A, comprenant
    - des monomères ai) du groupe des acides sulfoniques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés
    - des monomères aii) du groupe des acides carboxyliques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés
    - des monomères aiii) de formule générale R1(R2)C=C(R3)-X-R4, dans laquelle R1 à R3 représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, -H, CH3 ou -C2H5, X représente un groupe espaceur optionnel, sélectionné parmi -CH2-, -C(O)O- et -C(O)-NH-, et R4 représente un radical alkyle saturé à chaîne droite ou ramifié comportant 2 à 22 atomes de carbone ou un radical insaturé, de préférence aromatique, comportant 6 à 22 atomes de carbone
    b) 4 à 14 % en poids d'un copolymère sans modification hydrophobe B comprenant
    - des monomères bi) du groupe des acides sulfoniques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés
    - des monomères bii) du groupe des acides carboxyliques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés
    c) 1 à 7 % en poids d'un tensioactif non ionique de formule générale

            R1-CH(OH)CH2O-(AO)w-(A'O)x-(A"O)y-(A"'O)z-R2,

    dans laquelle
    - R1 représente un radical alkyle en C6-24 ou alcényle à chaîne droite ou ramifié, saturé ou une ou plusieurs fois insaturé ;
    - R2 représente un radical hydrocarbure linéaire ou ramifié comportant 2 à 26 atomes de carbone ;
    - A, A', A" et A'" représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, un radical du groupe -CH2CH2, -CH2CH2-CH2, -CH2-CH(CH3), -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2, -CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-, -CH2-CH(CH2-CH3),
    - w, x, y et z représentent des valeurs comprises entre 0,5 et 120, x, y et/ou z pouvant aussi correspondre à 0.
    d) 10 à 50 % en poids de citrate et d'acide citrique
    e) 2 à 15 % en poids de percarbonate de sodium.
  9. Détergent pour lave-vaisselle sans phosphate selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant
    a) un copolymère à modification hydrophobe A comprenant
    - des monomères ai) du groupe des acides sulfoniques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés
    - des monomères aii) du groupe des acides carboxyliques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés
    - des monomères aiii) de formule générale R1(R2)C=C(R3)-X-R4, dans laquelle R1 à R3 représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, -H, CH3 ou -C2H5, X représente un groupe espaceur optionnel, sélectionné parmi -CH2-, -C(O)O- et -C(O)-NH-, et R4 représente un radical alkyle saturé à chaîne droite ou ramifié comportant 2 à 22 atomes de carbone ou un radical insaturé, de préférence aromatique comportant 6 à 22 atomes de carbone,
    b) un copolymère sans modification hydrophobe B, comprenant
    - des monomères bi) du groupe des acides sulfoniques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés
    - des monomères bii) du groupe des acides carboxyliques une ou plusieurs fois insaturés
    c) un tensioactif non ionique C de formule générale

            R1-CH(OH)CH2O-(AO)w-(A'O)x-(A"O)y-(A'"O)z-R2,

    dans laquelle
    - R1 représente un radical alkyle en C6-24 ou alcényle à chaîne droite ou ramifié, saturé ou une ou plusieurs fois insaturé ;
    - R2 représente un radical hydrocarbure linéaire ou ramifié comportant 2 à 26 atomes de carbone ;
    - A, A', A" et A'" représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, un radical du groupe -CH2CH2, -CH2CH2-CH2, -CH2-CH(CH3), -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2, -CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-, -CH2-CH(CH2-CH3),
    - w, x, y et z représentent des valeurs comprises entre 0,5 et 120, x, y et/ou z pouvant aussi correspondre à 0.
    d) du citrate et/ou de l'acide citrique
    e) du percarbonate de sodium
    f) un catalyseur de blanchiment et/ou un activateur de blanchiment
    g) du phosphonate
    h) une enzyme.
  10. Procédé de lavage de la vaisselle dans un lave-vaisselle utilisant un détergent pour lave-vaisselle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10 caractérisé en ce qu'aucun adoucisseur d'eau supplémentaire ni liquide de rinçage supplémentaire ne sont versés à l'intérieur du lave-vaisselle au cours du procédé de lavage.
  12. Utilisation d'un détergent pour lave-vaisselle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 destinée à réduire la formation de dépôts sur les surfaces en verre lors du lavage de la vaisselle en machine.
  13. Utilisation d'un détergent pour lave-vaisselle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 destinée à réduire la formation de dépôts sur les surfaces en matière synthétique lors du lavage de la vaisselle en machine.
EP09763945.4A 2008-12-05 2009-12-01 Détergents Revoked EP2364351B1 (fr)

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US8242068B2 (en) 2012-08-14
DE102008060470A1 (de) 2010-06-10
US20110226288A1 (en) 2011-09-22
HUE034371T2 (hu) 2018-02-28
ES2633955T3 (es) 2017-09-26
EP2364351A1 (fr) 2011-09-14
PL2364351T3 (pl) 2017-10-31
WO2010063688A1 (fr) 2010-06-10

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