EP2112428A1 - Tunnel light and tunnel lighting system with a number of such tunnel lights - Google Patents

Abstract

The light i.e. tunnel light (1), has an optics for realization of asymmetric luminous intensity distribution and uniform illumination of a surface of a road (12) or a tunnel (10) and areas lying over the road. Luminous flux of the light is limited to a half-space (21) viewable in a travel direction and lying behind the light. The luminous flux is limited to a cone or club-shaped radiation area (8) whose major axis is acute angularly inclined to the travel direction and directed to the road. A set of punctiform light sources i.e. LEDs, is provided.

Description

The present invention relates to a road, in particular tunnel light with an asymmetrical light intensity distribution and a road, in particular tunnel lighting system comprising a plurality of such lights, which are arranged in a row behind the other on the road and / or on a road side.

For tunnel safety, visual perception plays a crucial role. In particular, the detectability of obstacles depends strongly on the type of tunnel lighting.

There are different, diverging requirements that are solved by previous tunnel lighting in a completely unsatisfactory manner. A problem here is the glare-free. On the one hand, naturally high luminances are desirable in the tunnel in order to achieve a good recognition of obstacles. On the other hand, previous luminaires, which cause high luminances in the tunnel, have so far often led to glare phenomena, in particular for direct glare, when the respective persons in the radiation area of the lights look approximately or even completely opposite to the radiation axis into the center of the radiation area. Also, in previous tunnel lighting is often the stray luminous density, ie the luminance in the Ausblendbereich, ie outside the radiation range so high that glare of the people in the tunnel occurs, even if they do not look in the center of the radiation area.

Another problem with previous tunnel lighting is the equally constant and yet high-contrast illumination of the one hand, the tunnel surfaces, in particular the road surface and on the other hand, the vehicles moving therein. On the one hand, the tunnel surfaces should be optimally illuminated in a free tunnel without traffic; on the other hand, moving vehicles should be uniformly illuminated on their surfaces, whereby an optimal contrast effect and thus recognition of the different surfaces of vehicles on the one hand and tunnels on the other must be guaranteed. The illumination should be done both over the area as well as temporally even, even if a vehicle moves. This is not yet achieved by the usual street lights.

Furthermore, with conventional tunnel lighting, shading by the vehicles often occurs, causing large shadow spaces in the tunnel and impairing its illumination.

Finally, conventional tunnel lighting often causes flicker. In particular, on the dashboard of a vehicle, a constant change between light and dark is observed when the vehicle passes through differently illuminated areas in the tunnel. The same occurs on the back wall of preceding trucks, which flash light-dark in the rhythm of the light assembly.

In order to eliminate the often noticeable dazzling effect of conventional ceiling spotlights or radiators mounted high above the roadway, it has already been proposed instead to mount luminaires in a height of approximately 1 to 2 m above the median strip and to form them in the manner of headlamps which, by means of a reflector, form a reflector to direct substantially collimated light flux along an axis which is horizontal to an angle of ± 5 ° with a total aperture angle in a vertical plane of less than 10 ° to the rear of the vehicles in front. This illumination has the aim of illuminating vertical surfaces with the greatest possible contrast with respect to the background, such as, for example, tunnel surfaces. This is achieved by lighting the tunnel almost parallel (opening angle max 10 °) to the driving (= tunnel) direction. This achieves very high luminances on these vertical surfaces, during which the tunnel boundary surfaces (road, wall and ceiling), in particular the road, remain dark, which is of course desirable in terms of the greatest possible contrast ratio (= luminance ratio between the vertical surface and the surrounding surface). However, a stable perception is not given, the contrasts (ratio Infield luminance to ambient luminance) go well beyond 100 here. Also, by this 'quasiparallel' radiation, strong reflections (rearview mirrors, glossy surfaces, etc.) and strong shading are produced, while on the other hand, in the absence of vertical surfaces, i. Everything remains dark without the vehicle in front because the light distribution is extremely narrow.

The present invention is based on the object to provide an improved road, in particular tunnel lamp of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and the latter further develops in an advantageous manner. In particular, a glare-free, low-shading and yet high-contrast illumination of both the tunnel surfaces and the moving therein vehicles is to be achieved, which allows stable perception.

This object is achieved by a lamp according to claim 1 and a road, in particular tunnel lighting system according to claim 13.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

It is therefore proposed to design the street lights and the comprehensive street lighting system such that an illumination of the road or the tunnel takes place according to the Mitstrahlprinzip. The lights radiate at least substantially only in the direction of travel with an asymmetrical light distribution in such a way that only the half-space is included in the direction of travel. According to the luminous flux of the lamp is limited to a lying in the direction of travel behind the light half-space. The lamp has in particular a Ausblendraum, which includes the viewed in the direction of travel in front of the light half-space. By illuminating the tunnel or the road area in the direction of travel, vehicles driving in front of a specific vehicle are, so to speak, illuminated from behind, so that they are clearly visible to the driver driving behind them. On the other hand, glare-free operation is achieved by hiding the half-space oriented counter to the direction of travel.

The asymmetric light distribution (LVK) of the tunnel light is designed in particular such that the luminaire arrangement in total, ie in the superimposition of all lights illuminates the entire tunnel space according to the visual requirements glare-free. These visual requirements consist in illuminating the tunnel surfaces (street, walls and ceilings) and the entire intervening space in such a way that a so-called stable perception is ensured. Such a stable perception is achieved when the luminance in the focus of attention, the so-called Infeld, here the road and driving vehicles ahead or potential obstacles, is about 1-3 times the ambient light densities on tunnel walls and ceiling. The luminance values in the field of vision of the driver are therefore advantageously at least the same in the central viewing area (road = visual field), ideally 3 times the luminance in the peripheral field of vision formed in a tunnel from its ceiling and walls, ie in the visual environment (for example, a standard street luminance of 4 cd / m ² and a wall and ceiling luminance of approximately 1.3 cd / m ² ).

In the conventional tunnel lighting (counter-beam principle), the luminaires with average luminance of about 1000cd / m ² to 100,000cd / m ² in the driver's field of vision, the dominant brightnesses and form glare sources, a stable perception is not possible. With the co-jet principle, however, such is possible.

In this case, the asymmetrical light intensity distribution, which can be achieved by a suitable, the lighting means or the bulbs of the lamp optics, a homogeneous tunnel room illumination and an optimal compromise between the partially conflicting requirements for the tunnel lighting, in particular the uniform illuminance and luminance distribution on the tunnel surfaces, the uniform illumination of each space point between the tunnel surfaces, glare-free and low light pressure. In this case, "illumination of a room point" means that for each room point in the tunnel illuminance levels in all spatial directions, in particular also vertical illuminance levels of more or less the same size occur or they are within a certain range. This ensures that vehicles moving in the tunnel are optimally illuminated, i. that their surfaces are well lit during movement in the tunnel and are not subject to great temporal variations.

In a further development of the invention, the lamp may in particular have a substantially conical or club-shaped radiation space whose major axis is inclined at an acute angle to the direction of travel. The radiation space forms, so to speak, a lighting lobe, which - roughly speaking - can form a cone that is, as it were, irregular. In other words, a beam of light from the lamp - which does not need to be exactly circular in shape in the mathematical sense, but also have irregular cross-sections and can form a club, so to speak - emitted, whose main axis slightly sloping at ceiling mounting the lamp downwards in the direction of travel and side wall mounting inclined obliquely down front in the direction of travel. In particular, when the luminaire is positioned above the roadway, in particular on the tunnel ceiling, the radiation space inclined obliquely downwards onto the roadway, substantially aligned in the direction of travel, can illuminate the tunnel space.

In this case, the light intensity distribution can in particular be designed such that the light cone or the radiation lobe has only a limited widening and viewed in vertical sectional planes defines a substantially acute-angled radiation sector, which advantageously has less than 75 °, preferably 60 ° or less opening angle.

In this case, the emission lobe can be aligned and configured in such a way that a light intensity maximum occurs at an angle of approximately 15 ° to 75 °, in particular approximately 60 ° to 70 ° to the vertical. This is a very good compromise to the effect that on the one hand excellent illumination of the oriented in the direction of travel half-space is achieved, on the other hand, however, in the case of urgent need for oncoming traffic no excessive glare occurs, but only within the context of legal regulations still permissible glare occurs.

In a development of the invention, the optics associated with the illuminants are such that the luminous intensity distribution also varies within the illuminated hemisphere over the viewing angle relative to the direction of travel. In particular, it is advantageously provided that the light intensity distribution in different vertical planes that are different degrees of rotation to the direction of travel, in particular such that in vertical planes that are rotated to the direction of travel at an angle of more than 45 °, ie quite strong are transversely oriented, significantly lower levels of light than in vertical planes, which are rotated to the direction of travel only by an angle between 15 ° and 30 °. Advantageously, the light intensity distribution is such that a maximum light intensity occurs in a vertical plane, which differs from the Direction of travel only slightly divergent, in each case to the direction of travel at an angle of less than 45 °, preferably less than 30 ° is rotated.

In order to achieve a largely complete freedom from glare, in a further development of the invention, the light in its Ausblendbereich, which considered in the direction of travel lying in front of the light half-space, a mean luminance of less than 200 cd / m ² , preferably less than 100 cd / m ² .

In development of the invention, the lamp has means for light point separation. At each point of the surface to be illuminated, light is emitted which originates from luminous surfaces on the luminaire, which are individually and separately perceptible and which do not exceed a certain size. By such a light point decomposition ensures that the glare of the light in all directions, but especially in the radiation area and viewing directions against the main radiation axis, is greatly reduced. Furthermore, it is achieved by such a light point decomposition that the so-called light pressure in the radiation range decreases sharply, that the illumination of the tunnel becomes much more uniform and unproblematic and, last but not least, the contrasts and the light direction or shading in the tunnel are optimized.

In particular, it can be provided that each reference point of the surface to be illuminated is illuminated by at least 25, preferably at least 50 and advantageously more than 100 separately perceptible light points.

wobei a der Betrachtungsabstand, also der Abstand des Aufpunktes von den jeweiligen Leuchtflächen in Metern gemessen ist und für den am Aufpunkt durch die Teillichtbündel der Leuchtfläche gebildeten Öffnungswinkel x gilt: $$\mathrm{x}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{(}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{\cdot }\ln \left[\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{B}\right)\mathrm{/}\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\right)\right]\mathrm{-}\mathrm{s}$$

wobei der Öffnungswinkel x in Winkelminuten (mit 1 Winkelminute = 1/60 Grad mit 360 Grad = Kreis) angegeben ist und für die Parameter g, K, B und s die Ungleichungen $$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{,}\mathrm{5}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{g}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{,}\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{6}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{1}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{5}\mathrm{,}\mathrm{8}$$

$$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{,}\mathrm{3}$$

gelten und ferner der in Blickrichtung projizierte Mindestabstand benachbarter Leuchtflächen durch die Beziehung definiert ist: $$\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{2}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{\cdot }\tan \left(\mathrm{y}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{2}\right)\mathrm{,}$$

wobei a der Betrachtungsabstand in Metern gemessen ist und y ≥ 10 Winkelminuten ist, wobei y der durch die benachbarten Teillichtbündel zweier Leuchtflächen gebildete Öffnungswinkel ist.In this case, the means for light point separation can advantageously be designed such that the maximum dimension D projected in the viewing direction of each separately perceptible luminous area on the luminaire is defined by the following relationship: $$\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{2}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{\cdot }\tan \left(\mathrm{x}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{2}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

where a is the viewing distance, ie the distance of the Aufpunktes of the respective luminous surfaces measured in meters and applies to the opening angle formed by the partial light beam of the luminous surface at the Aufpunkt by x: $$\mathrm{x}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{(}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{\cdot }\ln \left[\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{B}\right)\mathrm{/}\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\right)\right]\mathrm{-}\mathrm{s}$$

wherein the opening angle x in angular minutes (with 1 angle minute = 1/60 degrees with 360 degrees = circle) is given and for the parameters g, K, B and s the inequalities $$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{5}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{G}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{6}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{1}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{5}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{8th}$$

$$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{3}$$

and further defining the minimum projected distance of adjacent luminous surfaces by the relationship: $$\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{2}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{\cdot }\tan \left(\mathrm{y}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{2}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

where a is the viewing distance measured in meters and y ≥ 10 angular minutes, where y is the opening angle formed by the adjacent partial light bundles of two luminous surfaces.

In principle, said light point decomposition can take place in various ways, for example via faceted reflectors. In particular, however, the light point decomposition is achieved by a grid-like arrangement of punctiform light sources. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lamp comprises a plurality of point-shaped light sources in the form of LEDs, which are advantageously positioned in one of the aforementioned relationship sufficient arrangement, so that there is a Lichtpunktzerlegung.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lamp comprises a plurality of lenses which are associated with the point-shaped light sources, respectively. In particular, these lenses may be formed as freeform lenses for generating the respective asymmetrical light intensity distribution. As an alternative or in addition to such a lens arrangement, the point-shaped light sources can also be assigned reflectors which are designed such that the desired asymmetrical light intensity distribution is achieved.

In order to achieve a largely flicker-free illumination, the road or tunnel lights are advantageously arranged linearly or in series one behind the other over the roadway or laterally next to the roadway.

In a further development of the invention is in multi-lane roads with oncoming traffic, the arrangement of the lights made such that at least two rows of lights are provided, which have rows in opposite directions aligned Abblendräume and are limited with their luminous flux in each case to a halfway. With simultaneous suppression against the direction of travel so that advantageously the light radiation of the lights is limited to a quarter space, which points in the direction of travel and is limited to the corresponding with this direction roadway. In particular, for example, a right-hand row of street lights or tunnel lights can only illuminate the right-hand lane in the direction of travel while the left-hand lane is hidden, as does the entire half-space oriented counter to the direction of travel. The second row of lights, on the other hand, is oriented in reverse, so to say. it illuminates the left lane in the opposite direction, while the right lane is hidden and the (reverse) half-space against the direction of the left lane.

Fig. 1:

eine schematische Darstellung eines Tunnelbeleuchtungssystems nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung, wonach die Tunnelleuchten linienförmig an der Tunneldecke angebracht sind, wobei die Teildarstellung (a) einen Querschnitt des Tunnels und die Teildarstellung (b) einen Längsschnitt durch den Tunnel zeigt,

Fig. 2:

eine schematische Darstellung eines Tunnelbeleuchtungssystems nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung, bei der zwei Reihen von Tunnelleuchten seitlich neben den Fahrspuren an den Tunnelseitenwänden angeordnet sind, wobei ähnlich Fig. 1 in den Teildarstellungen (a) und (b) ein Querschnitt und ein Längsschnitt dargestellt sind,

Fig. 3:

eine perspektivische, schematische, teilweise als Explosionsdarstellung ausgeführte Darstellung einer Tunnelleuchte mit einer Mehrzahl von LEDs nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung, denen jeweils eine Optik in Form einer Freiformlinse zugeordnet ist, um die erwünschte asymmetrische Lichtverteilung zu erreichen,

Fig. 4:

einen Querschnitt durch die Tunnelleuchte aus Fig. 3,

Fig. 5:

eine perspektivische Ansicht der einer LED der Tunnelleuchte zugeordneten Freiformlinse,

Fig. 6:

eine grafische Darstellung der Lichtstärkeverteilungskurven der Tunnelleuchte aus den vorhergehenden Figuren in verschiedenen, zur Fahrtrichtung unterschiedlich gedrehten Betrachtungsebenen, wobei Fig. 6a die Lichtstärkeverteilung für seitliche Anordnung (Fig. 2) der Tunnelleuchte und Fig. 6b die Lichtstärkeanordnung für die Deckenanordnung (Fig. 1) der Tunnelleuchte zeigt,

Fig. 7:

eine schematische Darstellung der verschiedenen Betrachtungsebenen, C0, C30 und C60, deren Lichtstärkeverteilungen in Fig. 6 darstellt sind, wobei Fig. 7 (a) eine Draufsicht auf die Fahrbahn darstellt, in der die genannten Ebenen senkrecht zur Zeichenebene liegen, während Fig. 7(b), 7(c) und 7(d) die C0, C30 und C60-Ebenen in der Zeichenebene liegend zeigen, die gegenüber der Tunnellängsache verschieden stark verdrehten Querschnitten durch den Tunnel entsprechen,

Fig. 8:

eine schematische Darstellung der Lichtpunktzerlegung der Tunnelbeleuchtung,

Fig. 9

einen Längsschnitt durch den Tunnel mit einer Darstellung zur Verdeutlichung des in Fahrtrichtung vor einer Leuchte liegenden Halbraums und des in Fahrtrichtung hinter der Leuchte liegenden Halbraums, und

Fig. 10

eine schematische Darstellung eines Tunnelbeleuchtungssystems für einen Tunnel mit Fahrbahnen mit Gegenverkehr nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung, wonach die Tunnelleuchten in zwei Reihen linienförmig an der Tunneldecke angebracht sind, wobei Darstellung (a) einen Querschnitt des Tunnels ähnlich Figur 2 zeigt.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment and associated drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1:

1 a schematic representation of a tunnel lighting system according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, according to which the tunnel lights are linearly attached to the tunnel ceiling, the partial view (a) showing a cross section of the tunnel and the partial view (b) a longitudinal section through the tunnel,

Fig. 2:

a schematic representation of a tunnel lighting system according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, in which two rows of tunnel lights are arranged laterally adjacent to the lanes on the tunnel side walls, wherein similar Fig. 1 in the partial representations (a) and (b) a cross section and a longitudinal section are shown,

3:

a perspective, schematic, partially exploded view of a tunnel light with a plurality of LEDs according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each associated with an optics in the form of a freeform lens to achieve the desired asymmetric light distribution,

4:

a cross section through the tunnel lamp Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5:

a perspective view of an LED associated with the tunnel lamp free-form lens,

Fig. 6:

a graphical representation of the luminous intensity distribution curves of the tunnel lamp from the preceding figures in different, different to the direction of rotation viewing planes, wherein Fig. 6a the luminous intensity distribution for lateral arrangement ( Fig. 2 ) of the tunnel light and Fig. 6b the luminous intensity arrangement for the ceiling arrangement ( Fig. 1 ) of the tunnel light,

Fig. 7:

a schematic representation of the various viewing planes, C0, C30 and C60, the luminous intensity distributions in Fig. 6 represent, in which Fig. 7 (a) is a plan view of the roadway, in which said planes are perpendicular to the plane, while Figs. 7 (b), 7 (c) and 7 (d) show the C0, C30 and C60 planes lying in the plane of the drawing, which correspond to cross sections of the tunnel with different twisted cross-sections compared to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel,

Fig. 8:

a schematic representation of the light point separation of the tunnel lighting,

Fig. 9

a longitudinal section through the tunnel with a representation to illustrate the lying in the direction of travel in front of a light half-space and lying in the direction of travel behind the light half-space, and

Fig. 10

a schematic representation of a tunnel lighting system for a tunnel with roads with oncoming traffic according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, according to which the tunnel lights are mounted in two rows linearly on the tunnel ceiling, wherein representation (a) is similar to a cross section of the tunnel FIG. 2 shows.

Fig. 1 shows a tunnel lighting system 9 for a tunnel 10, which includes two lanes going in the same direction. The tunnel lighting system 9 comprises a plurality of lights 1, which are arranged in a line or in series one behind the other, wherein in the in Fig. 1 drawn embodiment, the lights 1 on the roadway 12 are slightly eccentrically mounted on the ceiling 11 of the tunnel 10.

Alternatively or additionally, the light strip comprising a plurality of lights 1 can also be mounted laterally next to the roadway 12 on a side wall or on opposite side walls, as this Fig. 2 shows, wherein advantageously the lights 1 can be mounted at a height of at least 1.5 m, preferably 2 m or more above the roadway floor.

As the FIGS. 1 and 2 show the lights 1 are designed such that they illuminate the tunnel in the direction of travel according to the Mitstrahlprinzip. How the particular FIGS. 1 (b) and 2 B) make clear, the lights 1 while each at an acute angle to the direction of inclined light beams or lobes 8 from which illuminate a vehicle in front, so to speak, from behind, so that a nachfahrendes vehicle can see the rear of the vehicle in front best. The light cone or lobes emitted by different lamps or by different lamps with associated optics (lens or reflector) of a luminaire overlap one another, cf. Fig. 1 (b) and Fig. 2 (b) ,

At the in Fig. 1 and 2 drawn design emit the lights 1 light in the form of a cone or a club, the radiation area is viewed in the longitudinal section plane of the tunnel while each limited to a sector with an opening angle of about 60 °, the viewed in the direction of travel rear edge of the illuminated Area extends approximately at an angle of 90 ° or slightly less inclined to the direction of travel, while the front edge of the radiation area extends inclined at an angle of about 30 ° to the direction of travel, see. Fig. 1 (b) and Fig. 2 (b) ,

The lights 1 are designed in this way, in particular provided with a suitable optics, so that the respective lamp has an asymmetric light intensity distribution and lying in front of the respective light half-space 20 above the road, ie the opposite to the direction of travel extending half-space 20 (see , Fig. 9 ) is hidden. The luminaires 1 and the illumination system 9 are designed such that the average luminance in the masking region has a value of 200 cd / m ² , preferably 100 cd / m ² . does not exceed in order to achieve a largely complete glare-free. The luminous flux of the lamp 1 is limited to the pointing in the direction of travel half-space 21, cf. Fig. 9 ,

The asymmetrical light intensity distribution of the lights 1 is hereby off Fig. 6 can be seen in Fig. 6a the luminous intensity distributions of a lamp for lateral arrangement ( Fig. 2 ) 1 and in Fig. 6b for arrangement on the ceiling ( Fig. 1 ) in different vertical planes C15, C30, C45 and C60. The orientation of the mentioned levels is over Fig. 7 which shows the C0, C30 and C60 levels. As Fig. 7 (a) shows, corresponds to the C0 plane of a vertical, rotated at 90 ° angle to the direction of travel plane, so to speak, a vertical tunnel cross-sectional plane, as in Fig. 7 (b) is shown while the C60 plane is twisted thereto at 60 ° angle, as this Figs. 7 (a) and 7 (d) demonstrate. Accordingly, the C15 plane is a vertical plane twisted at the 15 ° angle with respect to the vertical cross-sectional plane C0. The C30 plane is accordingly rotated by 30 ° with respect to the C0 plane, etc.

In each of these viewing levels, the tunnel lamp 1 has the in Fig. 6 illustrated luminous intensity distribution characteristic. As Fig. 6a for the lateral luminaire arrangement ( Fig. 2 ), the light intensity increases sharply with increasing twist angle with respect to the C0 plane. The maximum light intensity in the C60 plane is in the in Fig. 6 for example, almost twice as large as in the C45 plane. It can be seen that there is a relatively lean and approximately angularly comparably oriented light distribution curve in all viewing planes. The light intensities occur in the range of an angle of inclination to the vertical between about 15 ° and 75 °, ie the lit by the light 1 conical or club-shaped radiation space 8 has in the vertical viewing plane an opening angle of about 60 °, the light intensities in the range between 45 ° and 75 ° and are significantly larger than in the range of 15 ° to 45 °, wherein they have a maximum in the range of preferably about 60 ° to 75 ° to the vertical.

When arranging the tunnel lamp 1 on the ceiling according to Fig. 1 the tunnel light has the in Fig. 6b illustrated luminous intensity distribution characteristic. Here too, a relatively narrow light distribution curve is given in all viewing planes, the light intensities occurring in each viewing plane in a radiation sector with an aperture angle of less than 45 °, in particular less than 30 °. Depending on the rotation of the viewing plane, the maxima of the light intensities occur in different angles of inclination to the vertical. While, for example, the C90 curve has - roughly speaking - strongly increasing light intensities in the range around 45 ° tilt angle, for the C30 and C150 levels this is approximately the angular range of - again roughly speaking - 30 °.

As the Fig. 1 (a) and 2 (a) show, in a one-way tunnel, the lighting system 9 both lanes lit in the same direction. With oncoming traffic tunnels is like this Fig. 10 shows, the arrangement, however, advantageously made so that two rows of lights 1 in each case in opposite directions illuminate the respective lane according to the Mitstrahlprinzip, ie the respective conical or club-shaped radiation areas are each limited to a quarter space and facing each other.

The desired characteristic asymmetric light intensity distribution advantageously achieve the luminaires 1 via suitable optics 6, which are assigned to the preferably punctiform light sources and in particular can comprise lenses and / or reflectors. As the Figures 3 and 4 show a lamp 1 may have an elongated, for example, rod-shaped housing 2, which may comprise, for example, a trough-shaped sheet metal box, which is covered by a glass pane 3. Inside the housing 2, a circuit board 4 is provided, on which a plurality of punctiform light sources advantageously in the form of LEDs 5 spaced apart from one another in series, see. Fig. 3 , The LEDs 5 can be mounted directly on the board 4.

As Fig. 4 shows, each of the LEDs 5 is associated with a lens 7, which is formed as a free-form lens, as Fig. 5 shows. The free form of the lens 7 according to Fig. 5 is such that it causes the asymmetric light intensity distribution of the lamp 1 described above.

wobei a der Betrachtungsabstand, also der Abstand des Aufpunktes von den jeweiligen Leuchtflächen in Metern gemessen ist und für den am Aufpunkt durch die Teillichtbündel der Leuchtfläche gebildeten Öffnungswinkel x gilt: $$\mathrm{x}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{(}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{\cdot }\ln \left[\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{B}\right)\mathrm{/}\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\right)\right]\mathrm{-}\mathrm{s}$$

wobei der Öffnungswinkel x in Winkelminuten (mit 1 Winkelminute = 1/60 Grad mit 360 Grad = Kreis) angegeben ist und für die Parameter g, K, B und s die Ungleichungen $$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{,}\mathrm{5}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{g}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{,}\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{6}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{1}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{5}\mathrm{,}\mathrm{8}$$

$$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{,}\mathrm{3}$$

gelten und ferner der Mindestabstand benachbarter Leuchtflächen durch die Beziehung definiert ist: $$\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{2}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{\cdot }\tan \left(\mathrm{y}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{2}\right)\mathrm{,}$$

wobei a der Betrachtungsabstand in Metern gemessen ist und y ≥ 10 Winkelminuten ist, wobei y der durch die benachbarten Teillichtbündel zweier Leuchtflächen gebildete Öffnungswinkel ist.The arrangement of the LEDs 5 together with the associated free-form lenses 7 thereby cause a point of light decomposition which on the one hand enables a high-contrast perception of the illuminated areas and on the other hand an extensive glare-free. In this case, every point in the illuminated space within the tunnel 10 is illuminated by a plurality of separately perceptible points of light. The arrangement of the LEDs 5 is made such that they are the in Fig. 8 satisfies described relationship, according to which the light spots formed by the output surfaces of the freeform lenses 7 in terms of size and arrangement meet the requirements of a meaningful light point decomposition. This is characterized in that the maximum dimension D of each light spot is defined by the following relationship: $$\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{2}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{\cdot }\tan \left(\mathrm{x}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{2}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

where a is the viewing distance, ie the distance of the Aufpunktes of the respective luminous surfaces measured in meters and applies to the opening angle formed by the partial light beam of the luminous surface at the Aufpunkt by x: $$\mathrm{x}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{(}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{\cdot }\ln \left[\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{B}\right)\mathrm{/}\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\right)\right]\mathrm{-}\mathrm{s}$$

wherein the opening angle x in angular minutes (with 1 angle minute = 1/60 degrees with 360 degrees = circle) is given and for the parameters g, K, B and s the inequalities $$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{5}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{G}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{6}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{1}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{5}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{8th}$$

$$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{3}$$

and furthermore the minimum distance of adjacent luminous surfaces is defined by the relationship: $$\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{2}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{\cdot }\tan \left(\mathrm{y}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{2}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

where a is the viewing distance measured in meters and y ≥ 10 angular minutes, where y is the opening angle formed by the adjacent partial light bundles of two luminous surfaces.

The aforementioned parameters B and K are sufficiently unequal to each other. Advantageously, the parameter B is selected as a function of the illuminance to be determined in the viewing distance a, where the glare effect influences the glare, wherein preferably the parameter B ≦ 5, in particular B ≦ 4.

Claims (15)

Street light, in particular tunnel light, with an optic (6) to achieve an asymmetric light intensity distribution (LVK) and uniform illumination of the road and possibly tunnel surfaces and the overlying the lane space, characterized in that the luminous flux of the lamp considered in the direction of travel behind the light lying half-space (21) is limited. Street lamp according to the preceding claim, wherein means are provided for hiding the lying in front of the lamp in the direction of travel half-space (20). Street lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the asymmetrical light intensity distribution is formed such that luminance in the center of the directed onto the roadway and / or a preceding vehicle field of view between 75% and 500%, preferably 100% to 300%, in particular 150% to 300%, the luminance at the edge of this field of view, ie at tunnel walls and ceilings amount , Street lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the luminous flux emitted by the luminaire is limited to a cone-shaped or club-shaped radiation space whose main axis is inclined at an acute angle to the direction of travel and directed to the roadway, preferably of a plurality of lighting means (5) a plurality of such overlapping cone-shaped or club-shaped radiation spaces are defined. Street lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein considered in a vertical sectional plane, the luminous flux is limited to an acute-angled radiation sector with an opening angle of 15 ° to 75 °, preferably 25 ° to 60 °, the light intensities being between 50% and 100% of the maximum light intensity be occur in an acute-angled radiation sector with an opening angle of less than 45 °, and a light intensity maximum at an angle of 30 ° to 75 °, in particular 60 ° to 70 ° to the vertical occurs. Street lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the light intensity distribution (LVK) in different vertical planes (C0 ... C90), which are inclined differently to the direction of travel in the range of ± 90 °, deviate from each other, wherein in vertical planes to the direction of travel are inclined at an angle of more than 45 °, smaller light intensities than in vertical planes which are inclined to the direction of travel at an angle between 15 ° and 30 °, with a light intensity maximum occurs in a vertical plane to the direction of travel at an angle of 0 ° to 45 °, preferably 0 ° to 30 ° is inclined. Street lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in a Ausblendbereich the lamp, which in the direction of travel lying in front of the lamp lying half-space (20), a mean luminance less than 200 cd / m ² , preferably less than 100 cd / m ² , is , A street lamp according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a light spot decomposing device. Street lamp according to the preceding claims, wherein each point of the illuminated area of at least 25, preferably at least 50, in particular more than 100, separately perceptible light points is illuminated ago. Street lamp according to the preceding claim, wherein the maximum dimension D of each separately perceptible light spot of the luminaire satisfies the following relationship: $$\mathrm{D}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{a}\mathrm{\times }\tan \left(\mathrm{x}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{2}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

where a is the viewing distance, ie the distance of the Aufpunktes of the respective luminous surfaces measured in meters and applies to the opening angle formed by the partial light beam of the luminous surface at the Aufpunkt by x: $$\mathrm{x}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{(}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{\times }\ln \left[\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{b}\right)\mathrm{/}\left(\mathrm{K}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{1}\right)\right]\mathrm{-}\mathrm{s}$$

where the opening angle x is given in arc minutes and for the parameters g, K, B and s the inequalities $$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{5}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{G}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{6}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{9}$$

$$\mathrm{1}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{B}<\mathrm{5}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{8th}$$

$$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\le }\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{3}$$

and furthermore the minimum distance of adjacent luminous surfaces is defined by the relationship: $$\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{2}\times \mathrm{a}\mathrm{\times }\tan \left(\mathrm{y}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{2}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

where a is the viewing distance measured in meters and y ≥ 10 angular minutes, where y is the opening angle formed by the adjacent partial light bundles of two luminous surfaces. Street lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lamp comprises a plurality of point-shaped light sources, preferably in the form of LEDs (5) with associated optics (6), which are provided in a line andoder raster-shaped arrangement. Street lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of lenses (7) are provided in the form of free-form lenses for generating a respective asymmetrical light intensity distribution. Road, in particular tunnel lighting system comprising a plurality of lights (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lights (1) are arranged one behind the other in a row above the roadway and / or on a road side from the ground. Street lighting system according to the preceding claim, wherein in a multi-lane road with oncoming traffic at least two rows of road, in particular tunnel lights (1) are provided which have oppositely directed Abblendräume and are limited with their light streams each on a roadway half. Tunnel lighting system according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the luminous flux of all lamps (1) in a viewed in the direction of travel behind the respective Luminaire (1) lying half space above the roadway is limited, and the asymmetrically formed, complementary light intensity distributions of all lights in a window on the road ahead of a vehicle and / or on a back of a preceding vehicle consistent luminance of 100% to 300% of the luminance provide in a view window on the side tunnel walls and / or the tunnel ceiling.

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