EP2110448B1 - Procédé et four à passage continu destinés au chauffage de pièces à usiner - Google Patents

Procédé et four à passage continu destinés au chauffage de pièces à usiner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2110448B1
EP2110448B1 EP09005231.7A EP09005231A EP2110448B1 EP 2110448 B1 EP2110448 B1 EP 2110448B1 EP 09005231 A EP09005231 A EP 09005231A EP 2110448 B1 EP2110448 B1 EP 2110448B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
conveying
continuous furnace
heating section
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09005231.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2110448A2 (fr
EP2110448A3 (fr
Inventor
Rolf-Josef Schwartz
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Schwartz GmbH
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Schwartz GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2110448A2 publication Critical patent/EP2110448A2/fr
Publication of EP2110448A3 publication Critical patent/EP2110448A3/fr
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Publication of EP2110448B1 publication Critical patent/EP2110448B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2469—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollable bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for heating at least one workpiece in a furnace, in which the workpiece is heated by heating means.
  • the invention further relates to an associated furnace for carrying out the method.
  • molded components In the field of production and treatment of molded components, it is customary to produce moldings specifically with desired material properties. For example, in the automotive industry, components such as control arms, B-pillars, or automotive bumpers are cured by complete heating followed by quenching. This may be followed by an incentive procedure for a fee. In various applications of automotive engineering, however, it is advantageous that molded components have different material properties in different areas. For example, it may be provided that a component in one area should have a high strength, but in another area a higher ductility in relation to it.
  • components can be reinforced by additional sheets. Also suitable is the annealing of previously fully cured mold components at the appropriate locations to achieve higher ductility regions. However, this leads to intolerable changes in shape in the component.
  • EP 1 426 454 A1 a method for producing a molded component having at least two structural areas of different ductility and a continuous furnace for carrying out the method.
  • a semifinished product to be heated is transported as a blank or preformed component through a continuous furnace, which comprises two juxtaposed zones in which different temperature levels are set.
  • the component is heated in the oven to two different temperatures and then subjected to a thermoforming process and / or a hardening process.
  • a more ductile microstructure arises in the higher-heated region of the component, while a solid or high-strength microstructure sets in the less heated region.
  • the German Utility Model DE 200 14 361 U1 describes a method for producing a B-pillar with different microstructure ranges, in which the B-pillar is heated in an oven and austenitized with it, and then cured in a cooled mold.
  • the B-pillar is heated in an oven and austenitized with it, and then cured in a cooled mold.
  • the oven large areas of the board or the semi-finished product used are isolated against the effect of temperature, so that sets in the shielded areas no martensitic material structure with high strengths.
  • this represents an unsafe process, since in the case of a malfunction heat can penetrate into the covered areas and thus these areas are heated to hardening temperature.
  • the known methods are not suitable in particular for mass operation with a cycle time of about 15 seconds and given in motor vehicle requirements for process safety because they can not ensure the prescribed hardness profile in the component permanently.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for heating components, which allows the formation of areas with different material properties in the component in subsequent process steps.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide a device for carrying out the method.
  • this object is achieved by a method having the features of independent claim 1.
  • Advantageous developments of the method will become apparent from the dependent claims 2-9.
  • the object is further achieved by an oven according to claim 10.
  • Advantageous embodiments of this furnace emerge from the dependent claims 11-16.
  • the inventive method is used to heat at least one workpiece in an oven, wherein the workpiece is heated by heating means. After an entire workpiece has been heated by the heating means in a first step, according to the invention a movement of the workpiece out of the oven so far that a first portion of the workpiece is still within the furnace, while a second portion of the workpiece is outside of the furnace , In this position, the workpiece is held for a predetermined period of time and then the entire workpiece is moved out of the oven, the first portion of the workpiece is heated by the method to a temperature T1, which is below the hardening temperature of the material of the workpiece, while the second Part area of the workpiece is heated to a temperature T2, which corresponds to the hardening temperature of the material of the workpiece.
  • T1 which is below the hardening temperature of the material of the workpiece
  • T2 which corresponds to the hardening temperature of the material of the workpiece.
  • At least one workpiece is heated in a continuous furnace, and the workpiece is thereby moved by a transport device through the continuous furnace.
  • a transport device After the forward side of a workpiece in the transport direction has passed through the heating path of the continuous furnace, moving the workpiece by the transport device so far out of the heating section of the continuous furnace, that a first portion of the workpiece is still within the heating, while a second portion of the workpiece already outside the Heating section is located.
  • the movement of the transport device is interrupted at this position of the workpiece for a predetermined period of time, and then carried out a re-moving the entire workpiece by the transport device from the heating section of the continuous furnace out.
  • the workpiece is moved through an entrance opening into the continuous furnace after a cover has temporarily cleared this entrance opening, and the workpiece is moved out of the continuous furnace through an exit opening after a cover has temporarily released that exit opening.
  • the cycle times of the covers of the input and output ports are suitably adapted to the cycle times of the transport device.
  • the cover of the exit opening only partially releases this exit opening, in order to move the second section of the workpiece out of the continuous furnace, and the cover of the exit opening then releases the exit opening to a greater extent than before, around the workpiece then move completely out of the continuous furnace out, wherein the different degrees of opening of the cover of the outlet opening are also adapted to the cycle times of the transport device. By only partially opening the cover, the heat loss can be reduced.
  • At least two workpieces are simultaneously moved by means of at least one transport device side by side through the continuous furnace and thereby heated on a heating section of heating means.
  • the throughput of the furnace can be increased.
  • the transport movement of at least one first workpiece is interrupted, while at least one second workpiece is moved by the transport device as far out of the heating section of the continuous furnace, that a first portion of the workpiece is still within the heating path, while a second portion of the workpiece is already outside the heating section.
  • the transport movement of the at least one second workpiece is interrupted for a predetermined period of time until it is moved out of the heating path of the continuous furnace. Subsequently or in parallel, the transport movement of the at least one first workpiece resumes and the at least one first workpiece moves out of the heating path of the continuous furnace so that a first subarea of this workpiece is still within the heating section, while a second subarea of this workpiece already outside the heating section.
  • the transport movement is interrupted at this position of the at least one first workpiece for a predetermined period of time, and there is a movement of the at least one first workpiece from the heating section of the continuous furnace out.
  • Interrupting the transport movement of individual workpieces can be achieved, for example, by moving each of the workpieces by means of a separate transport device through the continuous furnace, and interrupting the transport movement of the at least one first workpiece by interrupting the movement of the associated transport device, while resuming the transport movement the at least one first workpiece is performed by resuming the movement of the associated transport device.
  • all workpieces are moved through the continuous furnace by means of a common transport device, and the transport movement of the at least one first workpiece is interrupted by decoupling the at least one first workpiece from the transport device, while the resumption of the transport movement of the at least one first workpiece by coupling the at least one first workpiece is made to the transport device.
  • a roller conveyor may be provided as the transport device, for example, on which the workpieces simultaneously move side by side through the heating path of the continuous furnace.
  • the decoupling of at least one first workpiece from the roller conveyor may then take place by raising the workpiece to a position in which the workpiece is not in contact with the roller conveyor while coupling the at least one first workpiece to the roller conveyor by lowering the workpiece to a position, in which the workpiece again has contact with the roller conveyor and is moved by this in the transport direction.
  • This raising and lowering of a workpiece can be done by one or more plungers, which are arranged below the workpieces and move clocked up and down.
  • the upward movement of at least one plunger can cause the lifting of a workpiece from below, while the downward movement of at least one plunger causes the lowering of a workpiece.
  • This movement of the plunger is expediently controlled by a control device.
  • a continuous furnace for heating at least one workpiece, in which the workpiece can be moved through the continuous furnace by a transport device and can be heated by heating means on a heating path.
  • the transport device has means for moving the workpiece far enough out of the heating path of the continuous furnace that a first subarea of the workpiece is still within the heating path, while a second subarea of the workpiece is already outside the heating section.
  • the movement of the transport device is interruptible at this position of the workpiece for a predetermined period of time by a control device that the first portion of the workpiece is heated by the method to a temperature T2 corresponding to the hardening temperature of the material of the workpiece, while the second portion of the Workpiece is heated to a temperature T1, which is below the hardening temperature of the material of the workpiece.
  • the continuous furnace has an inlet opening and an outlet opening, which are temporarily closed with a respective cover, wherein the cycle times of the release of the input and output openings are adapted to the cycle times of the transport device.
  • the transport device may be a roller conveyor on which a workpiece moves through the continuous furnace becomes.
  • the cover of the outlet opening preferably allows different degrees of opening of the outlet opening in order to open the cover only as far as it is necessary for the respective workpiece at a time. As a result, unnecessary heat losses of the furnace can be avoided.
  • a plurality of workpieces are movable simultaneously and side by side by means of at least one transport device through the continuous furnace and thereby heated on a heating section of heating means.
  • at least one transport device can be provided with means which allow a workpiece to move so far out of the heating path of the continuous furnace that a first subarea of the respective workpiece is still within the heating path, while a second subarea of the respective workpiece is already outside the heating section located.
  • the movement of the at least one transport device is interruptible at this position of the respective workpiece for a predetermined period of time, and the continuous furnace further comprises means for temporarily interrupting the transport movement of workpieces during the passage of the furnace.
  • each of the workpieces a separate transport device with which the respective workpiece is movable through the continuous furnace, the respective transport devices are controlled separately and the temporary interrupting the transport movement of a workpiece by the temporary interruption of the movement of the associated transport device can.
  • a common transport device is provided for the transport of all workpieces through the continuous furnace, and the continuous furnace has means for the temporary decoupling of individual workpieces from the transport device.
  • the transport means may be a roller conveyor on which the workpieces are movable through the heating path of the continuous furnace, and the temporary uncoupling of a workpiece from the roller conveyor is effected by lifting the workpiece to a position where the workpiece is not in contact with the roller conveyor , The coupling of a workpiece to the roller conveyor is then carried out by lowering the workpiece to a position in which the workpiece again has contact with the roller conveyor and is movable by this in the transport direction.
  • one or more plungers may be provided, which are located below the workpieces, wherein the plungers are designed for a clocked up and down movement, and a control device is provided, which controls this upward and downward movement of the plunger.
  • the invention has the advantage that components with different temperature ranges and thereby also with different structures can be produced by the heating according to the invention, wherein it is a fast process with which short cycle times can be realized. Furthermore, the invention represents a safe process in which there are no undesirable changes in shape of the component and the structure formation can always be reliably adjusted.
  • sheet metal workpieces can be heated homogeneously in the oven to Austenittemperatur and then moved out with the desired end of the oven door.
  • this sheet metal part cools slowly, and it formed here pearlite and ferrite, while the part located in the furnace continues to dwell on austenite.
  • the sheet is quickly moved out of the oven and preferably both molded in a water-cooled press pad and cooled quickly.
  • the hot austenite forms the hard martensite steel and in the cooler part of the sheet soft and plastically deformable pearlite steel with ferrite steel.
  • Fig. 1 an embodiment of a continuous furnace 10 according to the invention is shown, which has a furnace housing in which as transport means 30 for workpieces 20 preferably a roller conveyor is provided.
  • transport means 30 for workpieces 20 preferably a roller conveyor is provided.
  • the workpieces 20 are deposited on the roller conveyor and moved by the driven rollers through the continuous furnace 10.
  • any other transport means may be provided.
  • the workpieces can be any components in which other material properties are desired in one end region than in the opposite end region.
  • it may be the B-pillar or a molding for the B-pillar of a motor vehicle, in which the foot of the B-pillar should be relatively ductile, while the rest of the component should have a higher strength.
  • the housing of the furnace 10 is preferably closed and has only an inlet and an outlet opening, can be introduced through the workpieces 20 on one side in the oven and on another side again out of it can be moved.
  • the openings are each closed with covers 12 and 13.
  • the covers can be, for example, oven slides, which can be pushed in front of the openings to temporarily close or release them.
  • the oven slides are moved by a controllable drive.
  • the covers 12 and 13 move upwardly to release the respective oven opening so that a workpiece can be moved into the oven, for example on a roller conveyor.
  • the workpieces 20 can also be stored manually or by robots on the transport device.
  • the workpieces can be transported on a further transport device to the furnace 10 and transferred to the transport device 30 of the furnace.
  • the covers 12 and 13 may also release the respective oven opening by sideways movement, or the covers move downwardly to release the upper portion of an opening. This is advantageous, for example, if a conveyor is provided as a transport device, which moves workpieces hanging through the oven. In a suspended transport, the suspensions should be arranged so that the front end of a workpiece can protrude out of the oven while the remainder is still inside the oven.
  • At least the cover 13 at the outlet opening of the furnace 10 release different degrees of opening.
  • the cover 13 can be controlled by a drive so that it completely or only partially releases the outlet opening.
  • the covers can only be opened as far as necessary, which prevents unnecessary heat loss.
  • heating means 11 are arranged, with which the workpieces 20 can be heated when passing through the furnace on the conveyor.
  • Such heating means are known from the prior art and will not be explained in detail.
  • all other required components for operating the furnace are not the subject of the invention and can be selected by the skilled person suitable.
  • Fig. 1 opens the cover 12 of the input opening and a workpiece 20 is moved by the transport device 30 in the oven
  • Fig. 2 If the cover 12 is already closed again and the workpiece 20 moves on the transport device 30 through the heating path of the furnace, which is formed by the heating means 11.
  • the workpiece 20 is heated to a temperature which is expediently below the hardening temperature of the material of the workpiece 20.
  • the heating means 11 and the passage time of the leading edge of the workpiece 20 are selected by the heating path so that the workpiece 20 is heated to a temperature of 700 ° C.
  • the length of the furnace 10 and the transport speed of the transport means 30 is selected accordingly so that the workpiece is moved continuously through the furnace and has set the desired temperature in the workpiece, as soon as the leading edge of the workpiece 20, the heating line completely to the end has passed through the furnace.
  • it may also be provided to temporarily increase the movement of the transport device interrupt to keep the workpiece within the heating distance for a certain period of time.
  • the cover 13 releases the exit opening of the furnace 10, so that a part of the workpiece can be moved out of the furnace.
  • the cover 13 does not have to be completely opened for this purpose, but can for example only release the lower region of the outlet opening, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.
  • the movement of the transport device 30 is interrupted for a certain period of time. Outside the furnace 10 holding devices may be provided which support the workpiece 20.
  • this portion 21 is heated to a temperature above 700 ° C, while the second portion 22 of the workpiece outside the furnace is not further heated. In both subsections, different temperatures thus occur due to the different residence time of the regions in the furnace.
  • the second portion 22 outside the furnace 10 cools slightly, so that it must have previously been heated in the oven to a temperature at which, despite slight cooling at the end of the process, a temperature T 1 adjusts the material only a partial structural change, so that this area remains relatively ductile in the subsequent rapid quenching.
  • a higher temperature T 2 is set by the longer heating within the heating section, which causes a complete structural change and thus austenitization.
  • higher strengths thus arise in this first region. In principle, however, no complete microstructure change has to take place in this area either.
  • the Temperature and thus the degree of structural change should only be higher than in the second portion 21 in order to achieve the desired differences in the material properties.
  • the workpiece 20 can be removed from the furnace, as shown in FIG Fig. 4 is shown.
  • the cover 13 can be further raised to increase the degree of opening, so that the workpiece 20 can be completely removed.
  • the workpiece is now outside the furnace 10 with the desired temperatures T 1 and T 2 and can be supplied to further process steps. For example, it can be fed manually or by robotics to a quench bath or a forming press.
  • the entire workpiece is heated in the oven to a temperature corresponding to the hardening temperature of the respective material.
  • the second subarea 22 of the workpiece cools to a temperature below the hardening temperature, while the first subarea 21 of the workpiece within the furnace is kept at the hardening temperature. Even so, different temperatures occur in both subareas.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out with a transport device 30 which moves workpieces only through a heating section enclosed by a housing, in which the heating means is arranged.
  • a transport device 30 which moves workpieces only through a heating section enclosed by a housing, in which the heating means is arranged.
  • a heating section enclosed by a housing, in which the heating means is arranged.
  • Fig. 5 shown. In this case, it is not a closed oven, but by separating slide 12 and 13, only the region of a heating section is defined in which takes place at the transport means 30 heating by heating means 11.
  • the cycle times of the respective covers 12 and 13 are adapted to the residence time of the workpiece 20 in the oven, to the speed of the transport device 30 and also to the period of standstill of the transport device 30.
  • the different degrees of opening, in particular the cover 13 at the Exit opening are also adapted to the steps in the inventive method.
  • the cover 13 of the outlet opening of the furnace 10 opens and then the movement of the transport device 30 is interrupted. After that, the cover 13 may possibly also slightly lower again.
  • the cover 13 must open again. Simultaneously with this, the cover 12 can release the input opening to receive another workpiece. With this procedure, cycle times of 15 seconds can be achieved for the heating of workpieces.
  • no continuous furnace is provided for heating the workpieces, but a furnace has only one opening through which workpieces are inserted and removed again.
  • This design of a furnace is shown schematically in FIG Fig. 6 shown.
  • a workpiece is stored in the oven 10 and optionally moved with a transport device 30 into the interior of the furnace.
  • the cover 14 at least partially releases the furnace opening and the workpiece 20 is moved out of the oven so far that a first portion 21 is still within the furnace, while a second portion 22 is outside the furnace. In this position, the workpiece is held until the first portion 21 has been further heated to the desired temperature. Subsequently, the workpiece 20 is completely removed from the oven and the next workpiece can be treated.
  • Fig. 7 illustrated by way of example in a schematic plan view.
  • three workpieces 20, 20 'and 20 are moved side by side on a transport device 30 through an oven, and at the end of the oven also portions of all workpieces protrude out of the oven to further heat the respective other sections of the workpieces within the oven is it further, that one or more workpieces are moved on a workpiece carrier through the oven.
  • the workpieces are deposited on the roller conveyor 30 and simultaneously moved side by side by the driven rollers through the continuous furnace 10.
  • any other transport means may be provided.
  • a separate transport device can be provided for each workpiece and the movements of these transport devices can be controlled separately from one another.
  • a plurality of roller conveyors can be arranged next to one another, with one workpiece being deposited on each roller conveyor.
  • Fig. 9 If the cover 12 is already closed again and the workpieces 20, 20 'and 20 "move simultaneously on the transport device 30 through the heating path of the furnace, which is formed by the heating means 11. In this case, a heating of the workpieces 20, 20' and 20th "to a temperature which is below the hardening temperature of the material of the workpiece 20. If the hardening temperature of the workpiece, for example, at about 700 ° C, the heating means 11 and the lead time of the front edges of the workpieces 20, 20 'and 20 "are selected by the heating so that the workpieces 20, 20' and 20" on a Heat the temperature below 700 ° C.
  • the transport movement of at least one of the workpieces is temporarily interrupted If a separate transport device is used for each workpiece, this can be done simply by temporarily interrupting the movement of the relevant transport device. If a common transport device for all workpieces is used, a temporary Interruption of the transport movement of individual workpieces by the temporary decoupling of the respective workpiece carried by the transport device.
  • the decoupling can be realized in different ways depending on the embodiment of the transport device.
  • Out Fig. 10 For example, it can be seen how two of the workpieces 20 'and 20 "are temporarily decoupled from the conveyor 30 by being lifted by plungers 40 and 41 so that they no longer contact the conveyor 30. In other types of conveyors than a roller conveyor For example, decoupling may be accomplished by unlatching workpieces from a transport device into which they have been previously hung.
  • the plungers 40 and 41 are located below the workpieces and perform a clocked up and down movement, which is controlled by a control device.
  • the plunger can be guided by gaps between the individual rollers of the roller conveyor and so one or more workpieces clocked raise and lower again.
  • two workpieces 20 'and 20 "are decoupled from the roller conveyor while a remaining workpiece 20 is moved on, but the invention is not limited to this embodiment but, for example, two workpieces can be moved while only one workpiece is decoupled, or other number of workpieces other variations are possible.
  • the cover 13 releases the exit opening of the furnace 10, so that a part of the further moving workpiece 20 can be moved out of the furnace.
  • the movement of the transport device 30 is interrupted for a certain period of time, for example 15-25 seconds, for this workpiece 20.
  • the workpiece 20 can be removed from the furnace, as shown in FIG Fig. 11 is shown. Subsequently or already while the first workpiece 20 is being driven out of the oven, the transport movement of at least one of the remaining workpieces 20 'resumed. In the embodiment of Fig. 11 the respective workpiece 20 'is again coupled to the transport device 30 by the associated plunger perform a downward movement and settle the workpiece again on the transport device 30, which transports it to the furnace exit.
  • the cycle times of the respective covers 12 and 13 are adapted to the residence time of the workpiece 20 in the oven, to the speed of the transport device 30 and also to the period of standstill of the transport device 30.
  • the upward and downward movement of the plungers is also adapted to these parameters, wherein the actuation of all components preferably takes place by means of a common control device.
  • FIGURE 11 is a top view of how three workpieces 20, 20 'and 20 "are heated by the oven 10.
  • the workpieces were previously placed side-by-side on the roller conveyor 30 and moved through the oven to above rams 40, 41, 42 , 43, 44 and 45, wherein for decoupling of each workpiece there are for example two plungers each which can raise and lower a workpiece at two points, the plungers being arranged in spaces between the individual rollers of the roller conveyor, so that they are arranged between the rollers Rolls can be pulled out Fig. 14 the activated plungers 40 and 41 are shown filled in black, wherein these activated plungers have lifted the workpiece 20 "and thus decoupled it from the movement of the roller conveyor 30.
  • the currently not activated plungers 42, 43, 44 and 45 are white. This applies to the associated plunger of the workpiece 20, which has already been removed from the oven and for the associated plunger 42 and 43 of the workpiece 20 ', which currently undergoes a partial continuation of the heating at the end of the furnace.
  • sensors may be provided within the furnace which determine the position of the workpieces on the transport device 30 and transmit them to a control device which carries out a suitably adapted control of the upward and downward movement of the plungers.
  • the plungers can be designed in different ways to safely lift and lower workpieces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé de réchauffement d'au moins une pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") dans un four (10) au cours duquel la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est chauffée par des combustibles (11), caractérisé en ce que les étapes suivantes sont exécutées après que toute la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") a été chauffée par les combustibles dans une première étape :
    - Extraction de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") hors du four (10) jusqu'à ce qu'une première partie (21 ; 21' ; 21") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") se trouve encore à l'intérieur du four (10) pendant qu'une seconde partie (22 ; 22' ; 22") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") se trouve hors du four (10) ;
    - Maintien de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") dans cette position pendant une durée prédéfinie ; et
    - Extraction de toute la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") hors du four (10),
    sachant qu'à travers ce procédé, la première partie (21 ; 21' ; 21") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est chauffée à une température T2 qui correspond à la température de dureté du matériau de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20"), pendant que la seconde partie (22 ; 22' ; 22") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est chauffée à une température T1 qui est inférieure à la température de dureté du matériau de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20"),
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est chauffée dans un four continu (10) et en ce que la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est déplacée au moyen d'un dispositif de transport (30) dans le four continu (10) et chauffée par des combustibles (11) le long d'une ligne de chauffe, sachant que les étapes suivantes sont exécutées après que la partie d'une pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") se trouvant devant dans le dispositif de transport a parcouru la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) :
    - Déplacement de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") au moyen du dispositif de transport (30) hors de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) jusqu'à ce qu'une première partie (21 ; 21' ; 21") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") se trouve encore à l'intérieur de la ligne de chauffe pendant qu'une seconde partie (22 ; 22' ; 22") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est déjà hors de la ligne de chauffe ;
    - Arrêt du déplacement du dispositif de transport (30) sur cette position de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") pendant une durée prédéterminée ; et
    - Déplacement de toute la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") par le dispositif de transport (30) hors de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que lors du déplacement de la partie de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") qui se trouve devant dans le dispositif de transport à travers la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10), toute la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est chauffée à une température inférieure à la température de chauffe du matériau de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") et la deuxième partie (22 ; 22' ; 22") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") dans la ligne de chauffe, continue d'être chauffée à une température T2 qui correspond à la température de dureté du matériau de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") lorsque la première partie (21 ; 21' ; 21") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est située hors de la ligne de chauffe.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 3, caractérisée par le fait qu'au moins deux pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") sont déplacée simultanément l'une à côté de l'autre à travers le four continu (10) par au moins un dispositif de transport (30) tout en étant chauffés sur une ligne de chauffe par des combustibles (11).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que les étapes suivantes sont exécutées après que la partie des pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") qui se trouve devant dans le dispositif de transport a traversé partiellement ou entièrement la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) :
    - Arrêt du mouvement de transport d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20"), pendant qu'au moins une seconde pièce à usiner (20) est déplacée hors de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) au moyen du dispositif de transport (30) jusqu'à ce qu'une première partie (21) de la pièce à usiner (20) se trouve encore à l'intérieur de la ligne de chauffe pendant qu'une seconde partie (22) de la pièce à usiner (20) se trouve déjà hors de la ligne de chauffe ;
    - Arrêt du mouvement de transport sur cette position d'au moins une seconde pièce à usiner (20) pendant une durée prédéterminée ;
    - Déplacement d'au moins une seconde pièce à usiner (20) hors de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) ;
    - Relance du mouvement de transport d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") et déplacement d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") hors de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) jusqu'à ce qu'une première partie (21' ; 21") de la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") se trouve encore dans la ligne de chauffe pendant qu'une seconde partie (22' ; 22") de la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") se trouve déjà hors de la ligne de chauffe ;
    - Arrêt du mouvement de transport sur cette position d'au moins une pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") pendant une durée prédéterminée ;
    - Déplacement d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") hors de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que chacune des pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est déplacée dans le four continu (10) au moyen d'un dispositif de transport individuel et en ce que l'arrêt du mouvement de transport d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") de l'étape a) est déclenché par l'arrêt du mouvement du dispositif de transport correspondant, pendant que la relance du mouvement de transport d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") de l'étape d) est déclenché par la relance du mouvement du dispositif de transport correspondant.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que toutes les pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") sont déplacées dans le four continu (10) au moyen d'un dispositif de transport commun (30) et en ce que l'arrêt du mouvement de transport d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") dans l'étape a) est déclenché par le retrait d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") du dispositif de transport (30) pendant que la relance du mouvement de transport d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") dans l'étape d) est déclenché par la pose d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") sur le dispositif de transport (30).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de transport (30) consiste en un convoyeur à rouleaux sur lequel les pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") sont déplacées simultanément et l'une à côté de l'autre le long de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) et en ce que le retrait d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") du convoyeur à rouleaux, consiste à soulever la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") dans une position dans laquelle la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") n'a pas de contact avec le convoyeur à rouleaux, pendant que la pose d'au moins une première pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") sur le convoyeur à rouleaux, consiste à abaisser la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") dans une position dans laquelle la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") est à nouveau en contact du convoyeur à rouleaux et est transporté par ce dernier dans le sens du transport.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que le soulèvement et l'abaissement d'une pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") est effectué par un ou plusieurs poussoirs (40 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 45) qui sont disposés sous la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") et se déplacent par à-coups de haut en bas, sachant que le mouvement de levée d'au moins un poussoir (40 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 45) induit le soulèvement d'une pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") par le bas, alors que le mouvement de descente d'au moins un poussoir (40 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 45) induit la descente d'une pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") et que le mouvement du poussoir (40 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 45) est commandé par un dispositif de commande.
  10. Four continu (10) pour chauffer au moins une pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") dans lequel la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") peut être déplacé par un dispositif de transport (30) dans un four continu (10) et chauffé par des combustibles (11) sur une ligne de chauffe, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de transport (30) présente des moyens de déplacement de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") hors de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) jusqu'à ce qu'une première partie (21 ; 21' ; 21") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") se trouve encore dans la ligne de chauffe pendant qu'une seconde partie (22 ; 22' ; 22") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") se trouve déjà hors de la ligne de chauffe, et que le mouvement du dispositif e transport (30) dans cette position de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") peut être interrompu pendant une durée prédéterminée par un dispositif de commande de telle sorte que la première partie (21 ; 21' ; 21") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") soit chauffée par le procédé à une température T2 qui correspond à la température de dureté du matériau de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20"), pendant que la seconde partie (22 ; 22' ; 22") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") est chauffée à une température T1 inférieure à la température de dureté du matériau de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20").
  11. Four continu selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que plusieurs pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") sont déplacées simultanément et les unes à côté des autres au moyen d'au moins un dispositif de transport (30) dans le four continu (10) tout en étant chauffées par des combustibles (11) le long d'une ligne de chauffe.
  12. Four continu selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins un dispositif de transport (30) présente des moyens de déplacement d'une pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") hors de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) jusqu'à ce qu'une première partie (21 ; 21' ; 21") de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") correspondante se trouve encore dans la ligne de chauffe pendant qu'une seconde partie (22 ; 22' ; 22") de la pièce à usiner (20) correspondante soit déjà hors de la ligne de chauffe et que le mouvement d'au moins un dispositif de transport (30) dans cette position de la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") correspondante soit interrompu pendant une durée prédéterminée et que le four continu (10) présente par ailleurs des moyens d'interruption temporaire du mouvement de transport des pièces à usiner (20' ; 20") pendant la traversée du four (10).
  13. Four continu selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que pour chacune des pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20"), il est prévu un dispositif de transport distinct à l'aide duquel la pièce à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") correspondante est déplacée dans le four continu (10), sachant que les dispositifs de transports concernés peuvent être commandés séparément et que l'interruption temporaire du mouvement de transport d'une pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") est effectuée par interruption temporaire du mouvement du dispositif de transport afférent.
  14. Four continu selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que pour le transport de toutes les pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") dans le four continu (10), il est prévu un dispositif de transport commun (30) et en ce que le four continu (10) présente des moyens de retrait temporaire de chacune des pièces à usiner (20' ; 20") du dispositif de transport (30).
  15. Four continu selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de transport (30) consiste en un convoyeur à rouleaux sur lequel les pièces à usiner (20 ; 20' ; 20") se déplacent le long de la ligne de chauffe du four continu (10) et en ce que le retrait temporaire d'une pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") par soulèvement de la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") est effectué dans une position dans laquelle la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") n'a aucun contact avec le convoyeur à rouleaux, alors que la pose d'une pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") sur le convoyeur à rouleaux par abaissement de la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") est effectuée dans une position dans laquelle la pièce à usiner (20' ; 20") est de nouveau en contact avec le convoyeur à rouleaux et peut être déplacé par celui-ci dans le sens du transport.
  16. Four continu selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que pour soulever et abaisser une pièce à usiner (20' ; 20"), un ou plusieurs poussoirs (40 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 45) sont prévus, lesquels se trouvent en dessous des pièces à usiner (20' ; 20"), sachant que les poussoirs (40 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 45) sont conçus pour un déplacement de haut en bas par à-coups et qu'un dispositif de commande est prévu, lequel commande le mouvement de haut en bas des poussoirs (40 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 45).
EP09005231.7A 2008-04-17 2009-04-09 Procédé et four à passage continu destinés au chauffage de pièces à usiner Active EP2110448B1 (fr)

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DE102008019471 2008-04-17
DE102008055980A DE102008055980A1 (de) 2008-04-17 2008-11-05 Verfahren und Durchlaufofen zum Erwärmen von Werkstücken

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DE102008055980A1 (de) 2009-10-29
US8529250B2 (en) 2013-09-10
EP2110448A2 (fr) 2009-10-21
US20090263758A1 (en) 2009-10-22
EP2110448A3 (fr) 2013-02-13

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