EP2103701A1 - Aluminium alloy and method for producing a product from same - Google Patents

Aluminium alloy and method for producing a product from same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2103701A1
EP2103701A1 EP09001885A EP09001885A EP2103701A1 EP 2103701 A1 EP2103701 A1 EP 2103701A1 EP 09001885 A EP09001885 A EP 09001885A EP 09001885 A EP09001885 A EP 09001885A EP 2103701 A1 EP2103701 A1 EP 2103701A1
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Prior art keywords
product
temperature
aluminum alloy
mass
range
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EP2103701B1 (en
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Hoch Erich
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Fw Brokelmann Aluminiumwerk & Cokg GmbH
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Fw Brokelmann Aluminiumwerk & Cokg GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum alloy, in particular for processing by extrusion and a method for producing a product from such an aluminum alloy, wherein a semifinished product produced from the aluminum alloy is homogenized by heating, the homogenized semi-finished product is brought to use temperature and by hot processing on product form.
  • Aluminum alloys have long been known for their different properties and for very different uses in metalworking. Due to its low density, aluminum is fundamentally interesting as a metal in the construction of transport vehicles, especially for those means of transport which have to accelerate their own mass, the mass of which therefore decisively influences the energy consumption of the means of transport. Aluminum is therefore increasingly of interest as a material in vehicle and aircraft construction.
  • the advantageous low density of aluminum faces low strength and comparatively high brittleness (low yield strength and low ductility).
  • aluminum alloys which are disadvantageous in particular for applications in the body structure sector, can be avoided by using small amounts of substance in aluminum alloys, with aluminum alloys being able to achieve strengths which are similar to those of steel. It is known, aluminum in the range of a total of a few mass% other elements, in particular metals, such as. As iron, silicon, copper, titanium, manganese, etc., to mix.
  • composition of the aluminum alloy itself as well as the further treatment of the aluminum alloy has a decisive influence on the strength and corrosion properties of the aluminum alloy. Slight changes in the composition of the aluminum alloy may result in surprising changes in the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.
  • aluminum wrought alloys are known, which are well usable for hot and cold forming and on the other hand aluminum casting alloys, which are suitable for use with casting, but a transformation can be subjected only to a very limited.
  • Other alloys are in turn suitable for curing by aging annealing, others - depending on the composition - again not.
  • Such an aluminum alloy is eminently suitable for hot working and can be aftertreated to easily achieve critical yield stresses R p0.2 greater than 280 MPa.
  • critical yield stresses R p0.2 greater than 280 MPa are also advantageous.
  • Such an aluminum alloy has exceptionally good properties in terms of its processibility by an extrusion process.
  • the invention therefore further relates to a method for producing a product from an aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy is configured in the aforementioned composition.
  • the semifinished product consisting of the aluminum alloy which may for example be in the form of bolts, is homogenized by keeping it in the temperature range of 550 ° C. and 590 ° C. for a period of essentially 3 to 5 hours, in particular in the temperature range between 560 ° C and 580 ° C, and it is particularly preferred if the temperature is set within the Homogenticiansphase fixed in the specified temperature ranges.
  • an operating temperature in the range of substantially 470 ° C to about 500 ° C. becomes.
  • the aluminum alloy in question here can be processed gently, without jeopardizing the previously achieved by the homogenization advantageous material properties.
  • the hot working of the semifinished product is carried out by extrusion, wherein here press speeds in the range of substantially 4m / min to 10m / min have been found to be advantageous.
  • the value of the pressing speed depends on the profile geometry to be achieved, that is, inter alia, on the forming work to be performed in the die.
  • a press speed in the range of 6m / min to 8m / min has proven to be particularly advantageous, with a press speed of 6m / min has been found suitable for most applications.
  • the cooling of the product following the hot working is of considerable importance for the material properties of the product obtained. It has been found, in particular, that a particularly rapid cooling of the product after hot working is conducive, in particular a cooling with a temperature gradient of at least -20 ° C / s, preferably an even greater cooling rate with a temperature gradient of at least -40 ° C. / s, with a temperature gradient of at least -50 ° C / s being particularly advantageous.
  • the effect achieved by the cooling influencing the material properties of the previously hot worked product according to a further embodiment of the method is particularly effective when the cooling of the product to a temperature of substantially below 100 ° C.
  • the strength of the product is increased by final curing, in particular by removal of the product over a period of time substantially 1 to 3 hours, preferably less than 2 hours, in a temperature range of substantially 100 ° C to 210 ° C, with a temperature range of 200 ° C to 210 ° C being preferred. Curing takes place in particular by selecting a temperature over the duration of the aging in the specified temperature ranges.
  • a semi-finished product is made in the form of an aluminum bolt with a diameter of 200 mm.
  • This aluminum stud is homogenized for 5 hours at 570 ° C, resulting in a uniformly fine-grained cast structure, the globulitic and fine-celled over the entire cross section; the achieved grain size is clearly smaller than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the now present as a profile product is cooled as soon as possible from about 530 ° C to below 100 ° C, in this case within less than 10 seconds.
  • the abrupt profile cooling is essential for the material properties necessarily to be achieved in body structure engineering.
  • the extruded section thus obtained is finally cured for one hour at 205 ° C.
  • the resulting material has a yield strength R p0.2 of significantly more than 280 MPa and is able to absorb deformation work even at crash test loads, without losing the inner cohesion - that is, without tearing - resulting in both small and true on a large scale.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
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Abstract

Aluminum alloy comprises silicon (0.68-0.77 wt.%), iron (0.16-0.24 wt.%), copper (0.24-0.32 wt.%), manganese (0.68-0.77 wt.%), magnesium (0.58-0.67 wt.%), chromium (less than 0.04 wt.%), zinc (less than 0.1 wt.%), titanium (less than 0.1 wt.%), vanadium (less than 0.04 wt.%), other components (less than 0.3 wt.%) and aluminum (balance). An independent claim is included for the preparation of a product from the aluminum alloy, comprising heating a semi-finished product made from the aluminum alloy, homogenizing the semi-finished product in a temperature, and contacting the hot preparation on the product.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Aluminiumlegierung, insbesondere zur Verarbeitung im Strangpreßverfahren und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Produkts aus einer solchen Aluminiumlegierung, wobei ein aus der Aluminiumlegierung hergestelltes Halbzeug durch Erhitzen homogenisiert wird, das homogenisierte Halbzeug auf Einsatztemperatur und durch Warmverarbeitung auf Produktform gebracht wird.The invention relates to an aluminum alloy, in particular for processing by extrusion and a method for producing a product from such an aluminum alloy, wherein a semifinished product produced from the aluminum alloy is homogenized by heating, the homogenized semi-finished product is brought to use temperature and by hot processing on product form.

Aluminiumlegierungen sind seit langem mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften und für ganz unterschiedliche Verwendungszwecke im Bereich der Metallverarbeitung bekannt. Aufgrund seiner geringen Dichte ist Aluminium als Metall grundsätzlich interessant im Transportmittelbau, speziell bei solchen Transportmitteln, die ihre eigene Masse mitbeschleunigen müssen, deren Masse also entscheidend den Energieverbrauch des Transportmittels mitbestimmt. Aluminium ist deshalb als Werkstoff im Fahrzeug- und Flugzeugbau zunehmend von Interesse.Aluminum alloys have long been known for their different properties and for very different uses in metalworking. Due to its low density, aluminum is fundamentally interesting as a metal in the construction of transport vehicles, especially for those means of transport which have to accelerate their own mass, the mass of which therefore decisively influences the energy consumption of the means of transport. Aluminum is therefore increasingly of interest as a material in vehicle and aircraft construction.

Der vorteilhaften geringen Dichte von Aluminium steht eine geringe Festigkeit und eine vergleichsweise hohe Sprödigkeit (geringes Streckgrenzenniveau und geringe Duktilität) gegenüber.The advantageous low density of aluminum faces low strength and comparatively high brittleness (low yield strength and low ductility).

Diese insbesondere für Anwendungen im Karosseriestrukturbereich nachteiligen Eigenschaften des reinen Aluminiums können durch geringe Stoffbeimengungen bei Aluminiumlegierungen vermieden werden, wobei mit Aluminiumlegierungen Festigkeiten erzielt werden können, die denen von Stahl nahekommen. Es ist bekannt, Aluminium im Bereich von insgesamt wenigen Masse-% andere Elemente, insbesondere Metalle, wie z. B. Eisen, Silizium, Kupfer, Titan, Mangan etc., beizumengen.These properties of pure aluminum, which are disadvantageous in particular for applications in the body structure sector, can be avoided by using small amounts of substance in aluminum alloys, with aluminum alloys being able to achieve strengths which are similar to those of steel. It is known, aluminum in the range of a total of a few mass% other elements, in particular metals, such as. As iron, silicon, copper, titanium, manganese, etc., to mix.

Die Zusammensetzung der Aluminiumlegierung an sich wie auch die weitere Behandlung der Aluminiumlegierung hat entscheidenden Einfluß darauf, welche Festigkeits- und Korrosionseigenschaften die Aluminiumlegierung aufweist. Geringe Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Aluminiumlegierung können überraschende Veränderungen in den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Aluminiumlegierung zur Folge haben.The composition of the aluminum alloy itself as well as the further treatment of the aluminum alloy has a decisive influence on the strength and corrosion properties of the aluminum alloy. Slight changes in the composition of the aluminum alloy may result in surprising changes in the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.

Zunehmend interessant ist die Verwendung von Aluminiumlegierungen für Profilelemente im Karosseriestrukturbereich, also in jenem Bereich, in dem teils erhebliche Kräfte von den Strukturteilen aufgenommen werden müssen, sei es im normalen Betriebsfall oder sei es im irreversiblen Deformationsfall. Im letzteren Fall darf das Material nicht spröde sein, der Materialzusammenhang sollte bei der Deformation jedenfalls im kleinen Maßstab erhalten bleiben, so daß große Energien durch die Deformation aufgenommen werden können.Of increasing interest is the use of aluminum alloys for profile elements in the body structure area, ie in that area in which some significant forces must be absorbed by the structural parts, either in normal operation or in irreversible deformation case. In the latter case, the material should not be brittle, the material context should be retained in the deformation in any case on a small scale, so that large energies can be absorbed by the deformation.

Neben den Festigkeitseigenschaften einer Aluminiumlegierung, die insbesondere durch eine geeignete Nachbehandlung erzielbar sind, ist auch die Verarbeitbarkeit der Aluminiumlegierung von Interesse. So sind einerseits beispielsweise Aluminiumknetlegierungen bekannt, die gut zur Warm- und Kaltumformung verwendbar sind und andererseits Aluminiumgußlegierungen, die zur Verwendung mit Gießverfahren geeignet sind, einer Umformung jedoch nur sehr eingeschränkt unterworfen werden können. Weitere Legierungen eignen sich wiederum zum Aushärten durch Alterungsglühen, andere - je nach Zusammensetzung - wiederum nicht.In addition to the strength properties of an aluminum alloy, which can be achieved in particular by means of a suitable aftertreatment, the processability of the aluminum alloy is also of interest. Thus, on the one hand, for example, aluminum wrought alloys are known, which are well usable for hot and cold forming and on the other hand aluminum casting alloys, which are suitable for use with casting, but a transformation can be subjected only to a very limited. Other alloys are in turn suitable for curing by aging annealing, others - depending on the composition - again not.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Aluminiumlegierung anzugeben, die zur Warmverarbeitung geeignet ist und mit der kritische Fließspannungen erzielbar sind, die den Anforderungen im Fahrzeugbau entsprechen, insbesondere kritische Fließspannungen von im wesentlichen mehr als 280 MPa. Es ist ferner Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Produkts aus einer solchen Aluminiumlegierung anzugeben, das diesen Anforderungen entspricht.It is an object of the present invention to provide an aluminum alloy which is suitable for hot processing and with the critical yield stresses can be achieved, which meet the requirements in vehicle construction, in particular critical yield stresses of substantially more than 280 MPa. It is another object of the invention to provide a method for producing a product of such an aluminum alloy, which meets these requirements.

Die aufgezeigte Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß zunächst und im wesentlichen bei der in Rede stehenden Aluminiumlegierung dadurch gelöst, daß die Aluminiumlegierung die folgenden Legierungselemente in der folgenden Zusammensetzung in Masse-% aufweist:

  • Si 0,68 - 0,77,
  • Fe 0,16-0,24,
  • Cu 0,24 - 0,32,
  • Mn 0,68 - 0,77,
  • Mg 0,58 - 0,67,
  • Cr < 0,04,
  • Zn < 0,1,
  • Ti < 0,1,
  • V < 0,04,
  • sonstige Bestandteile (gesamt) < 0,3 und
  • Al Rest.
The stated object is achieved according to the invention initially and essentially in the subject aluminum alloy in that the aluminum alloy has the following alloy elements in the following composition in mass%:
  • Si 0.68 - 0.77,
  • Fe 0.16-0.24,
  • Cu 0.24-0.32,
  • Mn 0.68 - 0.77,
  • Mg 0.58 - 0.67,
  • Cr <0.04,
  • Zn <0.1,
  • Ti <0.1,
  • V <0.04,
  • other components (total) <0,3 and
  • Al rest.

Eine solche Aluminiumlegierung ist hervorragend für die Warmverarbeitung geeignet und ist so nachbehandelbar, daß sich ohne weiteres kritische Fließspannungen Rp0,2 von mehr als 280 MPa erzielen lassen. Von besonderem Vorteil ist auch, daß eine solche Aluminiumlegierung außergewöhnlich gute Eigenschaften hinsichtlich seiner Verarbeitbarkeit durch ein Strangpreßverfahren aufweist.Such an aluminum alloy is eminently suitable for hot working and can be aftertreated to easily achieve critical yield stresses R p0.2 greater than 280 MPa. Of particular advantage is also that such an aluminum alloy has exceptionally good properties in terms of its processibility by an extrusion process.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung dürfen die Legierungselemente nur in einem geringeren Toleranzbereich variieren, wodurch die Festigkeitseigenschaften mit einer größeren Prozeßsicherheit erzielt werden können; umgekehrt wachsen die Anforderungen bei der Herstellung der Aluminiumlegierung selbst. Eine solche Aluminiumlegierung enthält die bereits genannten Legierungselemente, die in den folgenden Toleranzbereichen in Masse-% liegen:

  • Si 0,70 - 0,75,
  • Fe 0,18 - 0,22,
  • Cu 0,26 - 0,30,
  • Mn 0,70 - 0,75,
  • Mg 0,60 - 0,65,
  • Cr < 0,02,
  • Zn < 0,05,
  • Ti < 0,05,
  • V < 0,02,
  • sonstige Bestandteile (gesamt) < 0,15 und
  • Al Rest.
In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy according to the invention, the alloying elements may vary only in a smaller tolerance range, whereby the strength properties can be achieved with greater process reliability; conversely, the requirements for the production of the aluminum alloy itself grow. Such an aluminum alloy contains the already mentioned alloying elements which are in the following tolerance ranges in mass%:
  • Si 0.70 - 0.75,
  • Fe 0.18 - 0.22,
  • Cu 0.26 - 0.30,
  • Mn 0.70 - 0.75,
  • Mg 0.60 - 0.65,
  • Cr <0.02,
  • Zn <0.05,
  • Ti <0.05,
  • V <0.02,
  • other components (total) <0.15 and
  • Al rest.

Es hat sich bei weiteren Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die Einzelanteile der "sonstigen Bestandteile" weniger als 0,1 Masse-% ausmachen. Durch diese Randbedingungen wird sichergestellt, daß die - unvermeidlichen - Verunreinigungen eines bestimmten Stoffes in einen Bereich kommt, der in der Lage ist, die Materialeigenschaften der Aluminiumlegierung insgesamt zu beeinflussen. Es ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn die Einzelanteile der sonstigen Bestandteile sogar weniger als 0,05 Masse-%, ganz bevorzugt sogar weniger als 0,02 Masse-% an der Aluminiumlegierung insgesamt ausmachen.It has been found in further embodiments of the invention to be particularly advantageous if the individual components of the "other ingredients" make up less than 0.1% by mass. These constraints ensure that the - unavoidable - contaminants of a particular substance come within a range capable of affecting the material properties of the aluminum alloy as a whole. It is particularly advantageous if the individual proportions of the other constituents even make up less than 0.05% by mass, very preferably even less than 0.02% by mass, of the aluminum alloy as a whole.

Es ist eingangs ausgeführt worden, daß die Materialeigenschaften einer Aluminiumlegierung nicht nur von der Zusammensetzung der Aluminiumlegierung als solcher abhängen, sondern auch von der Be- und Verarbeitung des aus der Aluminiumlegierung bestehenden Halbzeugs.It has been stated at the outset that the material properties of an aluminum alloy not only depend on the composition of the aluminum alloy as such, but also on the processing of the semi-finished product consisting of the aluminum alloy.

Die Erfindung betrifft daher ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Produkts aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, wobei die Aluminiumlegierung in der zuvor genannten Zusammensetzung ausgestaltet ist.The invention therefore further relates to a method for producing a product from an aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy is configured in the aforementioned composition.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird das aus der Aluminiumlegierung bestehende Halbzeug, das beispielsweise in Form von Bolzen vorliegen kann, homogenisiert, indem es über einen Zeitraum von im wesentlichen 3 bis 5 Stunden im Temperaturbereich von 550°C und 590°C gehalten wird, insbesondere im Temperaturbereich zwischen 560°C und 580°C, wobei es besonders bevorzugt ist, wenn die Temperatur innerhalb der Homogenisierungsphase fest in den angegebenen Temperaturbereichen eingestellt wird.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the semifinished product consisting of the aluminum alloy, which may for example be in the form of bolts, is homogenized by keeping it in the temperature range of 550 ° C. and 590 ° C. for a period of essentially 3 to 5 hours, in particular in the temperature range between 560 ° C and 580 ° C, and it is particularly preferred if the temperature is set within the Homogenisierungsphase fixed in the specified temperature ranges.

Die Homogenisierung wird vorzugsweise so durchgeführt, daß das homogenisierte Halbzeug eine Korngröße von weniger als 150 µm aufweist oder eine Korngröße von G = 5 gemäß ASTM E112 aufweist (ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials: internationale Standardisierungsorganisation; der Standard E112 befaßt sich mit einer standardisierten Methode zur Bestimmung der mittleren Korngröße bei Metallen).The homogenization is preferably carried out so that the homogenized semi-finished product has a particle size of less than 150 μm or has a particle size of G = 5 in accordance with ASTM E112 (ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials: international standardization organization, the standard E112 deals with a standardized method for the determination of mean grain size of metals).

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das - homogenisierte - Halbzeug zur Warmbearbeitung auf eine Einsatztemperatur im Bereich von im wesentlichen 450°C bis 500°C gebracht, wobei bevorzugt eine Einsatztemperatur im Bereich von im wesentlichen 470°C bis etwa 500°C gewählt wird. Bei dieser Temperatur kann die hier in Rede stehende Aluminiumlegierung werkzeugschonend verarbeitet werden, ohne die zuvor durch die Homogenisierung erreichten vorteilhaften Materialeigenschaften zu gefährden.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the - homogenized - semi-finished for hot working to an operating temperature in the range of substantially 450 ° C brought to 500 ° C, preferably an operating temperature in the range of substantially 470 ° C to about 500 ° C. becomes. At this temperature, the aluminum alloy in question here can be processed gently, without jeopardizing the previously achieved by the homogenization advantageous material properties.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens erfolgt die Warmbearbeitung des Halbzeugs durch Strangpressen, wobei sich hier Preßgeschwindigkeiten im Bereich von im wesentlichen 4m/min bis 10m/min als vorteilhaft herausgestellt haben. Der Wert der Preßgeschwindigkeit hängt von der zu erzielende Profilgeometrie ab, also unter anderem von der in der Matrize zu leistenden Umformarbeit. Eine Preßgeschwindigkeit im Bereich von 6m/Min bis 8m/Min hat sich dabei als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wobei sich eine Preßgeschwindigkeit von 6m/Min für die meisten Anwendungsfälle als geeignet erwiesen hat.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the hot working of the semifinished product is carried out by extrusion, wherein here press speeds in the range of substantially 4m / min to 10m / min have been found to be advantageous. The value of the pressing speed depends on the profile geometry to be achieved, that is, inter alia, on the forming work to be performed in the die. A press speed in the range of 6m / min to 8m / min has proven to be particularly advantageous, with a press speed of 6m / min has been found suitable for most applications.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß die auf die Warmverformung folgende Abkühlung des Produkts von erheblicher Bedeutung für die erzielten Materialeigenschaften des Produkts ist. Es hat sich vor allem herausgestellt, daß eine besonders rasche Abkühlung des Produkts nach der Warmbearbeitung förderlich ist, insbesondere eine Abkühlung mit einem Temperaturgradienten von wenigstens -20°C/s, bevorzugt wird eine noch größere Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit mit einem Temperaturgradienten von wenigstens -40°C/s, wobei besonders vorteilhaft ein Temperaturgradient von wenigstens -50°C/s ist. Die durch die Abkühlung erzielte Beeinflussung der Materialeigenschaften des zuvor warmbearbeiteten Produkts ist gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens dann besonders effektiv, wenn die Abkühlung des Produkts auf eine Temperatur von im wesentlichen unter 100°C erfolgt.It has been found that the cooling of the product following the hot working is of considerable importance for the material properties of the product obtained. It has been found, in particular, that a particularly rapid cooling of the product after hot working is conducive, in particular a cooling with a temperature gradient of at least -20 ° C / s, preferably an even greater cooling rate with a temperature gradient of at least -40 ° C. / s, with a temperature gradient of at least -50 ° C / s being particularly advantageous. The effect achieved by the cooling influencing the material properties of the previously hot worked product according to a further embodiment of the method is particularly effective when the cooling of the product to a temperature of substantially below 100 ° C.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Festigkeit des Produkts durch abschließendes Härten erhöht, insbesondere durch Auslagerung des Produkts über einen Zeitraum von im wesentlichen 1 bis 3 Stunden, vorzugsweise von weniger als 2 Stunden, in einem Temperaturbereich von im wesentlichen 100°C bis 210°C, wobei ein Temperaturbereich von 200°C bis 210°C bevorzugt wird. Die Härtung erfolgt insbesondere dadurch, daß in den angegebenen Temperaturbereichen eine Temperatur über die Dauer der Auslagerung hinweg fest gewählt wird.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the strength of the product is increased by final curing, in particular by removal of the product over a period of time substantially 1 to 3 hours, preferably less than 2 hours, in a temperature range of substantially 100 ° C to 210 ° C, with a temperature range of 200 ° C to 210 ° C being preferred. Curing takes place in particular by selecting a temperature over the duration of the aging in the specified temperature ranges.

Aufgrund der hervorragenden Eigenschaften der hier beschriebenen Aluminiumlegierung hinsichtlich Festigkeit, Duktilität und Korrosion, die die gängigen technischen Lieferrichtlinien von Karosseriestrukturbauteilen im Fahrzeugbau sämtlich erfüllen, wird das zuvor geschilderte Verfahren insbesondere verwendet, um als Produkt Strangpreßprofile im Karosseriestrukturbau herzustellen.Due to the excellent properties of the aluminum alloy described herein in terms of strength, ductility and corrosion, which meet the common technical delivery guidelines of body structure components in the automotive industry, the previously described method is used in particular to produce extruded profiles in the body structure as a product.

Im folgenden wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung und die bevorzugte Ausgestaltung eines Verfahrens zur weiteren Verarbeitung dieser Aluminiumlegierung zu einem Produkt dargestellt. Verwendet wird eine Aluminiumlegierung mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung in Masse-%:

  • Si 0,71,
  • Fe 0,22,
  • Cu 0,28,
  • Mn 0,71,
  • Mg 0,63,
  • Cr 0,0014,
  • Zn 0,0071,
  • Ti 0,0346,
  • V 0,0059,
  • sonstige Bestandteile (gesamt) 0,15 und
  • Al Rest.
In the following, a preferred embodiment of an aluminum alloy according to the invention and the preferred embodiment of a method for further processing of this aluminum alloy is shown to a product. An aluminum alloy having the following composition in mass% is used:
  • Si 0.71,
  • Fe 0.22,
  • Cu 0.28,
  • Mn 0.71,
  • Mg 0.63,
  • Cr 0.0014,
  • Zn 0.0071,
  • Ti 0.0346,
  • V 0.0059,
  • other components (total) 0.15 and
  • Al rest.

Aus der angegebenen Aluminiumlegierung wird ein Halbzeug in Form eines Aluminiumbolzens mit einem Durchmesser von 200 mm angefertigt. Dieser Aluminiumbolzen wird 5 Stunden bei 570°C homogenisiert, woraus ein gleichmäßig feinkörniges Gußgefüge resultiert, das globulitisch und feinzellig über den gesamten Querschnitt ist; die erzielte Korngröße ist deutlich geringer als 150µm.From the specified aluminum alloy, a semi-finished product is made in the form of an aluminum bolt with a diameter of 200 mm. This aluminum stud is homogenized for 5 hours at 570 ° C, resulting in a uniformly fine-grained cast structure, the globulitic and fine-celled over the entire cross section; the achieved grain size is clearly smaller than 150μm.

Aufgrund des hier durch Strangpressen herzustellenden Produkts mit einer tief eingeschnittenen Profilstruktur und aufgrund des großen Durchmessers des warm zu verarbeitenden Aluminiumbolzens wird der Aluminiumbolzen auf eine Einsatztemperatur von im wesentlichen 500°C gebracht, wobei die Verarbeitung des Bolzens durch Strangpressen bei einer Profilpreßgeschwindigkeit von im wesentlichen 6 m/min erfolgt.Due to the here produced by extrusion product with a deep-cut profile structure and due to the large diameter of the hot aluminum billet aluminum billet is brought to an operating temperature of substantially 500 ° C, the processing of the bolt by extrusion at a Profilpreßgeschwindigkeit of substantially 6 m / min.

Das nunmehr als Profil vorliegende Produkt wird schnellstmöglich von etwa 530°C abgekühlt auf unter 100°C, im vorliegenden Fall innerhalb von weniger als 10 Sekunden. Die schroffe Profilabkühlung ist wesentlich für die im Karosseriestrukturbau notwendigerweise zu erzielenden Materialeigenschaften.The now present as a profile product is cooled as soon as possible from about 530 ° C to below 100 ° C, in this case within less than 10 seconds. The abrupt profile cooling is essential for the material properties necessarily to be achieved in body structure engineering.

Das so erhaltene Strangpreßprofil wird abschließend über eine Stunde hinweg bei 205°C ausgehärtet. Das resultierende Material weist eine Streckgrenze Rp0,2 von deutlich mehr als 280 MPa auf und ist in der Lage, auch bei Crashtest-Belastungen Deformationsarbeit aufzunehmen, ohne den inneren Zusammenhalt zu verlieren - also ohne zu zerreißen -, was sowohl im kleinen als auch im großen Maßstab zutrifft.The extruded section thus obtained is finally cured for one hour at 205 ° C. The resulting material has a yield strength R p0.2 of significantly more than 280 MPa and is able to absorb deformation work even at crash test loads, without losing the inner cohesion - that is, without tearing - resulting in both small and true on a large scale.

Claims (12)

Aluminiumlegierung, insbesondere zur Verarbeitung im Strangpreßverfahren,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine Zusammensetzung in Masse-% von: Si 0,68-0,77, Fe 0,16-0,24, Cu 0,24 - 0,32, Mn 0,68 - 0,77, Mg 0,58 - 0,67, Cr < 0,04, Zn < 0,1, Ti < 0,1, V < 0,04, sonstige Bestandteile (gesamt) < 0,3 und Al Rest. Aluminum alloy, in particular for processing in the extrusion process,
marked by
a composition in mass% of: Si 0.68-0.77, Fe 0.16-0.24, Cu 0.24-0.32, Mn 0.68 - 0.77, Mg 0.58 - 0.67, Cr <0.04, Zn <0.1, Ti <0.1, V <0.04, other components (total) <0,3 and Al rest. Aluminiumlegierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Toleranzbereiche für die Anteile in Masse-% kleiner sind, nämlich betragen: Si 0,70 - 0,75, Fe 0,18 - 0,22, Cu 0,26 - 0,30, Mn 0,70 - 0,75, Mg 0,60 - 0,65, Cr < 0,02, Zn < 0,05, Ti < 0,05, V < 0,02, sonstige Bestandteile (gesamt) < 0,15 und Al Rest. Aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the tolerance ranges for the parts in mass% are smaller, namely: Si 0.70 - 0.75, Fe 0.18 - 0.22, Cu 0.26 - 0.30, Mn 0.70 - 0.75, Mg 0.60 - 0.65, Cr <0.02, Zn <0.05, Ti <0.05, V <0.02, other components (total) <0.15 and Al rest. Aluminiumlegierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einzelanteile der sonstigen Bestandteile weniger als 0,1 Masse-%, insbesondere weniger als 0,05 Masse-%, ganz bevorzugt weniger als 0,02 Masse-% ausmachen.Aluminum alloy according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual proportions of the other constituents represent less than 0.1% by mass, in particular less than 0.05% by mass, very preferably less than 0.02% by mass. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Produkts aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, wobei ein aus der Aluminiumlegierung hergestelltes Halbzeug durch Erhitzung homogenisiert wird - Homogenisierungsglühen -, das homogenisierte Halbzeug auf Einsatztemperatur und durch Warmbearbeitung auf Produktform gebracht wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Aluminiumlegierung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 ausgestaltet ist.Method for producing an aluminum alloy product, wherein a semi-finished product made from the aluminum alloy is homogenized by heating - homogenizing annealing - the homogenised semi-finished product is brought to the application temperature and to the product form by hot working,
characterized,
in that the aluminum alloy is designed according to one of claims 1 to 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Halbzeug - insbesondere in Form von Bolzen - homogenisiert wird, indem es über einen Zeitraum von im wesentlichen drei bis fünf Stunden im Temperaturbereich zwischen 550°C und 590°C gehalten wird, insbesondere im Temperaturbereich zwischen 560°C und 580°C, vorzugsweise auf einer festen Temperatur in den angegebenen Temperaturbereichen.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the semi-finished - is homogenized in particular in the form of bolts - by keeping it over a period of substantially three to five hours in the temperature range between 550 ° C and 590 ° C, in particular in the temperature range between 560 ° C and 580 ° C, preferably at a fixed temperature in the specified temperature ranges. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Homogenisierung des Halbzeugs zu einer Korngröße von weniger als 150µm führt oder nach ASTM E 112 zu einer Korngröße von G=5 oder höher.A method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the homogenization of the semifinished product leads to a particle size of less than 150μm or according to ASTM E 112 to a particle size of G = 5 or higher. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Halbzeug zur Warmbearbeitung auf eine Einsatztemperatur im Bereich von im wesentlichen 450°C bis 500°C gebracht wird, vorzugsweise auf eine Einsatztemperatur von im wesentlichen 470°C bis etwa 500°C.Method according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the semi-finished product for hot working is brought to an operating temperature in the range of substantially 450 ° C to 500 ° C, preferably to a use temperature of substantially 470 ° C to about 500 ° C. , Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Warmbearbeitung des Halbzeugs durch Strangpressen erfolgt, insbesondere bei einer Preßgeschwindigkeit im Bereich von im wesentlichen 4 m/min bis 10 m/min, insbesondere bei einer Preßgeschwindigkeit im Bereich von im wesentlichen 6 m/min bis 8 m/min.Method according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the hot working of the semifinished product is carried out by extrusion, in particular at a pressing speed in the range of substantially 4 m / min to 10 m / min, in particular at a pressing speed in the range of substantially 6 m / min to 8 m / min. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Produkt nach der Warmbearbeitung schnell abgekühlt wird, insbesondere mit einem Temperaturgradienten von wenigstens -20°C/s, vorzugsweise mit einem Temperaturgradienten von wenigstens -40°C/s, ganz bevorzugt mit einem Temperaturgradienten von wenigstens -50°C/s abgekühlt wird.Method according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the product is rapidly cooled after the hot working, in particular with a temperature gradient of at least -20 ° C / s, preferably with a temperature gradient of at least -40 ° C / s, most preferably is cooled with a temperature gradient of at least -50 ° C / s. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abkühlung des Produkts auf eine Temperatur von im wesentlichen unter 100°C erfolgt.A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the cooling of the product to a temperature of substantially below 100 ° C takes place. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Produkt abschließen gehärtet wird, insbesondere durch Auslagerung über einen Zeitraum von im wesentlichen 1 bis 3 Stunden, vorzugsweise von weniger als zwei Stunden, in einem Temperaturbereich von im wesentlichen 190°C bis 210°C, bevorzugt in einem Temperaturbereich von im wesentlichen 200°C bis 210°C, vorzugsweise bei einer im wesentlichen festen Temperatur im angegebenen Temperaturbereich.Method according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the product is cured, in particular by aging for a period of substantially 1 to 3 hours, preferably less than two hours, in a temperature range of substantially 190 ° C to 210 ° C, preferably in a temperature range of substantially 200 ° C to 210 ° C, preferably at a substantially fixed temperature in the specified temperature range. Verwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, zur Herstellung eines Strangpreßprofils im Karosseriestrukturbau.Use of the method according to one of claims 8 to 10, for producing an extruded profile in the body structure.
EP09001885A 2008-02-20 2009-02-11 Aluminium alloy and method for producing a product from same Active EP2103701B1 (en)

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EP2841611B1 (en) 2012-04-25 2018-04-04 Norsk Hydro ASA Extruded profile of Al-Mg-Si aluminium alloy with improved properties
CN113403509A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-17 上海嘉朗实业南通智能科技有限公司 High-strength aluminum alloy bolt material and preparation method thereof

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CN107675034B (en) * 2017-09-18 2019-03-22 山东友升铝业有限公司 A kind of improvement extrudate coarse-grain wrought aluminium alloy

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US10661338B2 (en) 2010-04-26 2020-05-26 Hydro Extruded Solutions Ab Damage tolerant aluminium material having a layered microstructure
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CN113403509A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-17 上海嘉朗实业南通智能科技有限公司 High-strength aluminum alloy bolt material and preparation method thereof

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DK2103701T3 (en) 2011-01-10
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DE502009000030D1 (en) 2010-07-22
PT2103701E (en) 2010-08-24

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