EP2102885A1 - Röntgenröhre sowie verfahren zur prüfung eines targets durch abtasten mit elektronenstrahl - Google Patents
Röntgenröhre sowie verfahren zur prüfung eines targets durch abtasten mit elektronenstrahlInfo
- Publication number
- EP2102885A1 EP2102885A1 EP07857154A EP07857154A EP2102885A1 EP 2102885 A1 EP2102885 A1 EP 2102885A1 EP 07857154 A EP07857154 A EP 07857154A EP 07857154 A EP07857154 A EP 07857154A EP 2102885 A1 EP2102885 A1 EP 2102885A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- target
- electron beam
- ray tube
- current
- scanning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/14—Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray
- H01J35/153—Spot position control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
- H05G1/265—Measurements of current, voltage or power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
- H05G1/30—Controlling
- H05G1/34—Anode current, heater current or heater voltage of X-ray tube
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
- H05G1/30—Controlling
- H05G1/52—Target size or shape; Direction of electron beam, e.g. in tubes with one anode and more than one cathode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to an X-ray tube referred to in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for investigating the target of an X-ray tube.
- Such X-ray tubes are generally known, for example, in the form of microfocus X-ray tubes and are used, for example, for testing printed circuit boards in the electronics industry.
- the known x-ray tubes have a target on which high-energy accelerated electrons or other electrically charged particles impinge upon operation of the x-ray tube, so that x-radiation is generated in a generally known manner.
- the X-radiation thus generated is used in imaging processes, for example, to represent components or component arrangements on printed circuit boards and to visually inspect the printed circuit boards in this way.
- X-ray tubes of the type in question in the form of microfocus X-ray tubes are known, for example, from DE 102 51 635 A1 and DE 103 52 334 A1. They have a target and means for directing an electron beam to the target.
- the target usually consists of a base body which serves as a mechanical carrier and for dissipating electrical charges and heat.
- Arranged on the carrier is a layer of a target material provided as a brake layer, in which the incident electrons are decelerated.
- the target material is in this case chosen so that when the impact and deceleration of the electrons X-ray radiation is generated in a desired wavelength range.
- the invention has for its object to provide an X-ray tube, in which the troubleshooting in case of malfunction is facilitated or to specify a method for the examination of a target.
- the basic idea of the teaching according to the invention is that wear of the target makes itself noticeable in a change in the target current flowing when the electron beam is directed onto the target. If the target is not worn, impinging electrons are decelerated in the target layer, so that in the desired manner, X-radiation is produced, at the same time a target current flows from the target, which does not depend on the energy of the electron and the target and support materials used maximum value exceeds. If the target layer is demge worn over the other, so that the electrons are no longer decelerated in the target layer, but impinge on the base body of the target consisting of the carrier material, then a target current is measured which deviates from the target current flowing when the target layer is intact.
- the target current flowing with a damaged target layer is higher or lower than the target current flowing with an intact target layer depends on whether the target material has a higher or lower electron reflectance than the carrier material. If, for example, beryllium is used as the carrier material and tungsten, which has a higher electron reflectance than beryllium, then a higher target current flows when the target layer is damaged than when the target layer is intact. If, for example, an electron current of 100 ⁇ A strikes the intact target layer consisting of tungsten, about 20 ⁇ A is reflected, while only about 80% of the electrons penetrate into the tungsten and are measured there as current. If the target layer is damaged, the electron current impinges on the carrier layer consisting of beryllium.
- the target is scanned by means of the electron beam and the current strength of the target current, which flows when scanning the target with the electron beam at different sampling locations, or a measured variable dependent thereon, wherein the respective measured value for the target current associated with the associated sample location.
- the means for directing an electron beam to the target are controlled in such a way that the electron beam scans the target, that is, it strikes the target at successive time at different scanning locations.
- a measuring device provided according to the invention, in this case the current intensity of the respectively flowing target current or a measured variable dependent thereon is measured.
- the measured variable On the basis of the measured variable, it can then be determined, for example, in the case of a target in which tungsten is used as target material and beryllium as carrier material, whether the current intensity of the target current is below a maximum value which flows in the case of an undamaged target layer. It can be concluded from this that the target layer is undamaged at the associated scanning location.
- the target current at individual scanning locations is above the maximum value, then it can be concluded that the target coating has been damaged at these scanning locations by wear or otherwise.
- the target can be replaced.
- Components and assemblies are present on an X-ray tube anyway. This applies in particular to the means for directing an electron beam onto the target, which as a rule have a deflection device, by means of which the electron beam can be deflected in two dimensions such that it can be directed to different spatial locations of the target.
- a measuring device for measuring the target current at corresponding X-ray tubes is possibly present, as is known from DE 103 52 334 Al. The apparatus required to implement the teaching of the invention is thus relatively low.
- a microfocus X-ray tube is understood according to the invention to mean an X-ray tube whose focal diameter is ⁇ 200 ⁇ m, in particular ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
- microfocus X-ray tubes are thus also understood to be so-called nanofocus X-ray tubes.
- the control device according to the invention and the evaluation device according to the invention can be formed according to the respective requirements by hardware or software.
- an assayed target is classifiable as "okay” or "out of order".
- the evaluation device has a memory for storing mutually associated target current / sample location values.
- the wear state of the target can be spatially differentiated evaluated, for example, when the target is worn at one point to direct the electron beam during operation of the X-ray tube to generate X-ray radiation to another location of the target.
- Amperage of the target current over the areal extent of the target in the X and Y direction is plotted.
- a corresponding graphic can be displayed on the display device, for example and in particular in the manner of a pseudo-3D representation, so that it is easy to see whether and at which points the target has worn off.
- the display device may include a printer.
- An advantageous development of the teaching according to the invention provides insofar as the display device has a screen.
- Another advantageous embodiment of the teaching of the invention provides that the control device between an operating mode in which the electron beam is directed to generate x-radiation substantially stationary on the target, and a test mode in which the electron beam scans the target, is switchable.
- the switching of the control device between the operating mode and the test mode can be done manually in this embodiment.
- the means for directing an electron beam onto the target have at least one deflection device, by means of which the electron beam can be deflected along two axes perpendicular to one another and to the beam axis of the electron beam, such that the target can be scanned two-dimensionally by means of the electron beam.
- Corresponding deflection devices can be realized for example by coils or coil arrangements as well as by electrostatic deflection plates. They are present in many x-ray tubes anyway.
- the target expediently has a base body consisting of a carrier material which is at least partially coated with a target material.
- the carrier material may be beryllium or copper, for example, while the target material may be tungsten, for example.
- tungsten instead of tungsten, however, other target materials may be used according to the desired wavelength of the X-radiation to be emitted.
- a further development of the method according to the invention provides that-preferably by the evaluation device-the measured value for the target current determined at a sampling location also be included a predetermined or predeterminable threshold value is compared.
- the target is classifiable as "okay” or "out of order” in the manner described. If, for example, a target is used whose target material has a higher electron reflectance than the carrier material, it is determined, preferably in the evaluation device, whether the target current exceeds the threshold value, which indicates in the manner described above that the target layer is damaged. In this case, the target may then be classified as "out of order".
- a target is used whose target material has a lower electron reflection than the carrier material
- the target can be classified as "out of order".
- the dose rate of the X-ray tube can be measured by the measuring device, since the dose rate changes as a function of the wear of the target layer and thus the change in the dose rate is correlated with a change in the current intensity of the target current.
- a particularly advantageous development of the method according to the invention provides that-preferably by the measuring device-the current intensity of the target current is measured directly.
- the expenditure on equipment for determining the measured variable is particularly low.
- a measured variable associated with the current intensity for example a voltage dependent on the current intensity, can also be used. be measured. It is also possible, for example, to measure a current of backscattered electrons by means of a diaphragm.
- FIG. 1 is a highly schematic view of components of an X-ray tube according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a view and a section through an intact target together with the spatial course of a sample stream of this target with an electron beam resulting target stream and
- Fig. 3 in the same representation as Fig. 2 a worn target.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an X-ray tube according to the invention in the form of a microfocus X-ray tube 2, which has a target 4.
- the target 4 has a basic body 6 consisting of a carrier material, in this exemplary embodiment, onto which a target layer 8 consisting of a target material, in this embodiment tungsten, is applied.
- the x-ray tube 2 further has means for directing an electron beam, indicated at 10 in FIG. 1, onto the target 4.
- the electron beam 10 can be deflected by means of a deflection device 12, which can be formed, for example, by a coil arrangement, along two beam axes 14 of the electron beam 10 which are symbolized by a dot-dash line in FIG. 1.
- the electron beam 10 can thus be deflected by means of the deflecting device 12 in FIG. 1 in the horizontal as well as into the plane of the drawing and out of the plane of the drawing.
- a focusing device 16 formed by a coil arrangement is provided.
- the means for directing the electron beam 10 on the target 4 are indicated only schematically in Fig. 1 at reference numeral 18. In the manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example, they can have a filament for releasing electrons and an accelerating device formed by an anode-cathode arrangement. According to the invention, a control device 20 is further provided, by means of which the means 18 for directing the electron beam 10 on the target 4 in an operating mode of the X-ray tube 2 are driven so that the electron beam 10 substantially stationary hits the target 4 and in this case in the desired manner X-radiation is generated.
- the control device 20 is manually switchable from the operating mode to a test mode in which a test of the target 4 can be performed.
- the control device 20 controls the deflection of the means 18 for directing the electron beam 10 on the target 4 so that the electron beam 10, the surface of the target two-dimensionally, namely in FIG. 1 along the horizontal and in the drawing plane and out of the Drawing plane beyond, scans.
- the control of the deflection device 12 takes place here so that the electron beam in the extreme deflection positions just impinges on the edge of the target 4.
- a measuring device 22 is further provided, which is formed in this embodiment as a current measuring device for measuring the current intensity of the target current, which flows when scanning the target 4 with the electron beam 10 at different sampling locations.
- the measuring device 22 is indicated in Fig. 1 only symbolically. Their construction is well known to those skilled in the art, so that it will not be explained here. With regard to the measurement of the target stream, reference is made, for example, to DE 103 52 334 A1.
- an evaluation device 24 for assigning the respective measured value for the target stream, namely the respective current intensity of the target current in the illustrated embodiment, to the associated scanning location, that is, the location where the electron beam is located on the target while measuring this current.
- the evaluation device 24 is connected, on the one hand, to the measuring device 22 and, on the other hand, to the control device 20.
- it has a memory in which the target current / scanning location values resulting from a scanning of the target 4 by means of the electron beam 10 are stored in chronological succession.
- a display device in the form of a screen 26 is provided in this embodiment.
- the control device 20 is first switched to the test mode.
- the control device controls the deflector 16 of the means 18 for directing the electron beam 10 onto the target 4 in such a way that the electron beam 10 scans the surface of the target 4 two-dimensionally.
- the scanning of the surface of the target 4 can be done either stepwise or continuously.
- the measuring device 22 continuously measures the current intensity of the target current which flows when the target 4 is scanned with the electron beam 10 at the different scanning locations.
- the control device 20 of the evaluation device 24 continuously transmits signals which result in the instantaneous scanning location, that is to say the point on the target 4 to which the electron beam 10 is currently directed.
- the measuring device 22 of the evaluation device 24 continuously transmits signals which produce the current intensity of the respectively measured target current.
- the resulting target current / sample location values are stored in the memory of the evaluation device 22.
- the scanning of the surface of the target 4 with the electron beam 10 is continued until, in accordance with the selected resolution of the scan, the entire surface of the target 4 is scanned and accordingly an associated value of the current intensity of the target current is stored for each scan location.
- the stored target current / sample values may then be displayed on display 26, for example.
- Fig. 2 shows above the surface of a target 4, which is not worn.
- Fig. 2 shows above the surface of a target 4, which is not worn.
- the middle of Fig. 2 is a section through the target 4, wherein it can be seen that the arranged on the base body 6 target layer 8 has a uniform thickness in the beam direction of the electron beam and thus is not worn.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a target in which the target layer 8 has been removed at two points to the extent that the carrier layer 6 is exposed (see in FIG. 3, top).
- FIG. 3 shows a section through a target 4 worn in this way.
- a target current I ⁇ flows whose current is significantly higher than the current strength of a target current flowing at intact target layer 8 due to the higher electron reflection of tungsten compared to beryllium.
- Fig. 3 shows the curve of the current intensity of the target current I ⁇ is plotted on the scanning.
- the sharp increase in the current intensity of the target current indicates that the target layer 8 has worn at the associated scanning locations, so that the base body 6 is exposed.
- Such a worn target 4 can be replaced. Since, by means of the teaching according to the invention, the wear state of the target 4 can be determined spatially resolved, it is also possible to control the deflection device 16 in the operating mode of the x-ray tube 2 in such a way that the electron beam 10 is stationarily directed to a non-worn point of the target 4 becomes.
- the control device 20 can be switched from the test mode back into the operating mode.
- the target current / sample location values obtained during the scan can be displayed on the display device 26, for example in the form of a pseudo-3D representation.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006062452A DE102006062452B4 (de) | 2006-12-28 | 2006-12-28 | Röntgenröhre und Verfahren zur Prüfung eines Targets einer Röntgenröhre |
PCT/EP2007/011463 WO2008080624A1 (de) | 2006-12-28 | 2007-12-28 | Röntgenröhre sowie verfahren zur prüfung eines targets durch abtasten mit elektronenstrahl |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2102885A1 true EP2102885A1 (de) | 2009-09-23 |
Family
ID=39283795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07857154A Withdrawn EP2102885A1 (de) | 2006-12-28 | 2007-12-28 | Röntgenröhre sowie verfahren zur prüfung eines targets durch abtasten mit elektronenstrahl |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8360640B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2102885A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102006062452B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008080624A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (29)
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US8831179B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2014-09-09 | Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, Inc. | X-ray source with selective beam repositioning |
US20150117599A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2015-04-30 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interferometric imaging system |
EP2763156A1 (de) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-06 | Nordson Corporation | Röntgenstrahlquelle mit erhöhter Lebensdauer des Targets |
US9449781B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2016-09-20 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray illuminators with high flux and high flux density |
US10295485B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray transmission spectrometer system |
US9570265B1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2017-02-14 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray fluorescence system with high flux and high flux density |
US10269528B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-04-23 | Sigray, Inc. | Diverging X-ray sources using linear accumulation |
US9448190B2 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2016-09-20 | Sigray, Inc. | High brightness X-ray absorption spectroscopy system |
US10297359B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray illumination system with multiple target microstructures |
US10416099B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-09-17 | Sigray, Inc. | Method of performing X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectrometer system |
GB2534323A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-07-20 | Yxlon Int Gmbh | Target and/or filament for an xray tube, xray tube, method for identifying a target and/or a filament and method for setting the characteristics of a target |
USRE48612E1 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2021-06-29 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interferometric imaging system |
US10304580B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2019-05-28 | Sigray, Inc. | Talbot X-ray microscope |
US9448327B2 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-09-20 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | X-ray generator having multiple extractors with independently selectable potentials |
US9594036B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2017-03-14 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray surface analysis and measurement apparatus |
US9823203B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2017-11-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray surface analysis and measurement apparatus |
US10401309B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-09-03 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray techniques using structured illumination |
US10352880B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2019-07-16 | Sigray, Inc. | Method and apparatus for x-ray microscopy |
US10295486B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | Detector for X-rays with high spatial and high spectral resolution |
US10247683B2 (en) | 2016-12-03 | 2019-04-02 | Sigray, Inc. | Material measurement techniques using multiple X-ray micro-beams |
GB2565138A (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-06 | Adaptix Ltd | X-ray generator |
US10578566B2 (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2020-03-03 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray emission spectrometer system |
DE112019002822T5 (de) | 2018-06-04 | 2021-02-18 | Sigray, Inc. | Wellenlängendispersives röntgenspektrometer |
JP7117452B2 (ja) | 2018-07-26 | 2022-08-12 | シグレイ、インコーポレイテッド | 高輝度反射型x線源 |
US10656105B2 (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2020-05-19 | Sigray, Inc. | Talbot-lau x-ray source and interferometric system |
WO2020051061A1 (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-12 | Sigray, Inc. | System and method for x-ray fluorescence with filtering |
CN112823280A (zh) | 2018-09-07 | 2021-05-18 | 斯格瑞公司 | 用于深度可选x射线分析的系统和方法 |
US11152183B2 (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2021-10-19 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray source with rotating anode at atmospheric pressure |
JP2023003528A (ja) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-01-17 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | X線発生装置 |
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JPS58106747A (ja) * | 1981-12-18 | 1983-06-25 | Hitachi Ltd | 荷電粒子線集束系の自動軸合せ装置 |
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US4979199A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1990-12-18 | General Electric Company | Microfocus X-ray tube with optical spot size sensing means |
DE4142143C2 (de) | 1991-12-20 | 1995-03-23 | Alfred Dr Mueller | Verfahren zum Ermitteln von Parametern einer Elektronenstrahlmaschine |
DE19509516C1 (de) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-09-26 | Medixtec Gmbh Medizinische Ger | Mikrofokus-Röntgeneinrichtung |
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JP2001203150A (ja) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-27 | Nikon Corp | ホローアパーチャ、荷電粒子線露光装置、荷電粒子線露光装置におけるビームの位置合わせ方法、荷電粒子線量の調整方法、荷電粒子線発生源の調整方法、及び半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
JP2001319608A (ja) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-16 | Shimadzu Corp | マイクロフォーカスx線発生装置 |
CN101183083B (zh) * | 2001-12-04 | 2013-03-20 | X射线光学系统公司 | 用于冷却和电绝缘高压、生热部件的方法和设备 |
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JP2005276760A (ja) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Shimadzu Corp | X線発生装置 |
DE102005041923A1 (de) | 2005-09-03 | 2007-03-08 | Comet Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Röntgen- oder XUV-Strahlung |
-
2006
- 2006-12-28 DE DE102006062452A patent/DE102006062452B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-12-28 WO PCT/EP2007/011463 patent/WO2008080624A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-12-28 US US12/521,622 patent/US8360640B2/en active Active
- 2007-12-28 EP EP07857154A patent/EP2102885A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2008080624A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006062452A1 (de) | 2008-07-10 |
US8360640B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
DE102006062452B4 (de) | 2008-11-06 |
WO2008080624A1 (de) | 2008-07-10 |
US20100141151A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
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