Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
  • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
  • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
  • C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F236/10—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl-aromatic monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F257/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00
  • C08F257/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00 on to polymers of styrene or alkyl-substituted styrenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F36/06—Butadiene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L13/00—Compositions of rubbers containing carboxyl groups
  • C08L13/02—Latex
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
  • C08L9/10—Latex
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
  • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
  • D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
  • Y10T428/254—Polymeric or resinous material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
  • Y10T428/3179—Next to cellulosic
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/3188—Next to cellulosic
  • Y10T428/31895—Paper or wood
  • Y10T428/31899—Addition polymer of hydrocarbon[s] only
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
  • Y10T428/31993—Of paper

Definitions

• the invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions obtainable by emulsion polymerization of monomers in the presence of organic polymer particles (in short organic particles) which are dispersible in the aqueous phase without surface-active auxiliaries.
• the invention also relates to the use of this aqueous polymer dispersion as a binder in paper coating slips.
• polymer dispersions are desired which have the highest possible solids content with the lowest possible viscosity.
• paper coating slips In addition to binders and water, paper coating slips generally also contain pigments and other auxiliaries.
• the paper coating slip as a whole have a low viscosity.
• a low viscosity also allows a higher solids content. Since less water has to be removed during drying, energy costs can also be saved.
• the performance properties of the coated paper z. B. resistance to mechanical stress, in particular pick resistance, optical appearance, z. B. smoothness and gloss, and the printability should be as good as possible.
• WO 2005/003186 describes a process in which monomers are polymerized in the presence of dendritic polymers.
• the solids contents are below 50 wt .-%.
• Object of the present invention were polymer dispersions with the highest possible solids content and low viscosity, as well as paper coating slips with low viscosity and good performance properties. Accordingly, the polymer dispersions defined above were found. Also found were paper coating slips containing these polymer dispersions.
• aqueous polymer dispersions according to the invention are obtainable by emulsion polymerization of monomers in the presence of organic polymer particles (short organic particles) which are dispersible in the aqueous phase without surface-active auxiliaries.
• the polymer formed from the monomers is therefore an emulsion polymer.
• the emulsion polymer is preferably at least 40 wt .-%, preferably at least 60 wt .-%, more preferably at least 80 wt .-% of so-called main monomers.
• the main monomers are selected from C 1 -C 20 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms, vinylaromatics having up to 20 carbon atoms, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, vinyl ethers having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms Alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two double bonds or mixtures of these monomers.
• (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having a Ci-Cio-alkyl radical such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
• mixtures of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters are also suitable.
• Vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are, for. As vinyl laurate, stearate, vinyl propionate, vinyl versatate and vinyl acetate.
• Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are vinyltoluene, ⁇ - and p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene and preferably styrene.
• nitriles are acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
• the vinyl halides are ethylenically unsaturated compounds substituted with chlorine, fluorine or bromine, preferably vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.
• vinyl ethers are, for. As vinyl methyl ether or vinyl isobutyl ether. Vinyl ether is preferably from 1 to 4 C-containing alcohols.
• hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two olefinic double bonds may be mentioned ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.
• Preferred main monomers are C 1 -C 10 -alkyl (meth) acrylates and mixtures of the alkyl (meth) acrylates with vinylaromatics, in particular styrene (referred to collectively as polyacrylate binder) or hydrocarbons having 2 double bonds, in particular butadiene, or mixtures of such hydrocarbons with vinylaromatics , in particular styrene (collectively also referred to as polybutadiene binder).
• the emulsion polymer therefore preferably consists of at least 60% by weight of butadiene or mixtures of butadiene and styrene or at least 60% by weight of C 1 to C 20 alkyl (meth) acrylates or mixtures of C 1 to C 20 alkyl (meth) acrylates and styrene ,
• the emulsion polymer therefore particularly preferably comprises at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of hydrocarbons having 2 double bonds, in particular Butadiene, or mixtures of such hydrocarbons with vinyl aromatics, especially styrene.
• the emulsion polymer may contain other monomers, for.
• monomers with carboxylic acid sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid groups.
• Called z. As acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid and aconitic acid.
• the emulsion polymers have a content of ethylenically unsaturated acids, in particular from 0.05 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%.
• hydroxyl-containing monomers in particular Ci-Cio-hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, or amides such as (meth) acrylamide.
• the inorganic or organic polymer particles are those which are dispersible in the aqueous phase without surface-active auxiliaries. Accordingly, preferably no surface-active auxiliaries are used for dispersing the particles in water, but co-use of such auxiliaries is possible in principle. These are in particular organic particles which are dispersible in water by their content of hydrophilic groups.
• Crosslinked or branched organic, synthetic polymers and particularly preferably dendritic polymers may be mentioned as organic polymer particles.
• the stable distribution of dendritic polymers in water is basically referred to as a dispersion of polymer particles. This definition is based in particular on the particle structure, even if the respective polymer particle should only consist of a single macromolecule.
• the crosslinked or branched organic, synthetic polymers and / or dendritic polymers preferably have as spherical a structure as possible, which is effected by the crosslinking, a dendritic structure or both;
• Another essential feature is the content of hydrophilic groups, preferably urea, urethane, ester, ether, amide, carbonate, acid, in particular carboxylic acid groups, amino groups or hydroxyl groups, which effect the stable dispersibility in water;
• the organic polymers are in particulate form; they are networked and / or have a dendritic structure.
• Crosslinking is achieved by concomitant use of at least trivalent compounds, compounds having at least three functional groups, at least three groups reactive with these functional groups, or at least three groups selected from functional and reactive groups.
• the use of at least trivalent compounds for the construction of polycondensates or polyadducts can also lead to dendritic polymers.
• dendritic polymers quite generally encompasses polymers which have a branched structure and a high functionality.
• dendritic polymers include “dendrimers” and also “hyperbranched polymers”.
• Dendrimers are molecularly uniform macromolecules with a highly symmetric structure. Structurally, dendrimers are derived from the star polymers, with the individual chains each being branched in a star shape. They arise from small molecules through a repetitive one Reaction sequence, resulting in ever higher branches, at the ends of each functional groups are, which in turn are the starting point for further branching. Thus, with each reaction step, the number of functional end groups multiply, resulting in a spherical tree structure at the end.
• a characteristic feature of dendrimers is the number of reaction stages (generations) carried out for their construction. Due to their uniform structure dendrimers usually have a defined molecular weight.
• Hydrobranched polymers are heterogeneous both molecularly and structurally, have side chains and side branches of different length and branching and a molecular weight distribution.
• ABx monomers are suitable for the synthesis of the hyperbranched polymers. These have two different functional groups A and B, which can react with each other to form a linkage.
• the functional group A is contained only once per molecule and the functional group B twice or more times.
• the reaction of said ABx monomers with one another produces uncrosslinked polymers with regularly arranged branching sites.
• the polymers have almost exclusively B groups at the chain ends.
• Hyperbranched polymers d. H. molecularly and structurally non-uniform polymers are preferably used. These are usually simpler and thus more economical to produce than dendrimers.
• the dendritic polymers in the context of the invention also include star polymers.
• Star polymers are polymers in which three or more chains originate from one center.
• the center can be a single atom or an atomic group.
• the dendritic polymers used according to the invention preferably have a degree of branching (DB), corresponding to the sum of the average number of dendritic linkages and terminal units divided by the sum of the average number of total linkages (dendritic, linear and terminal linkages) multiplied at 100, from 10 to 100%, preferably from 10 to 90% and especially from 10 to 80%.
• DB degree of branching
• Suitable polymers are those which are formed by polycondensation or polyaddition (polycondensates or polyadducts) or obtainable by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
• Polycondensation is understood to mean the repeated chemical reaction of functional compounds with suitable reactive compounds with elimination of low molecular weight compounds such as water, alcohol (in particular methyl or ethyl alcohol), HCl, etc.
• polyaddition is meant the repeated chemical reaction of functional compounds with suitable reactive compounds without splitting off of compounds.
• Suitable polyadducts are in particular polyurethanes, polyureaurethanes or polyureas, as obtainable by reacting polyfunctional isocyanates with polyhydric hydroxy compounds and / or polyfunctional amino compounds.
• polyether polyols may also be mentioned by way of example by ring-opening polyaddition of z.
• glycidol or hydroxymethyl-oxetanes can be obtained on polyfunctional alcohols.
• polymers based on ethers, amines, esters, carbonates and amides are suitable, and their mixed forms, such as, for example, ester amides, ether amines, amidoamines, ester carbonates, etc.
• polyethers, polyesters, polyesteramides, polycarbonates or polyestercarbonates can be used as polymers.
• hyperbranched polymers are those based on ethers, amines, esters, carbonates, amides, urethanes and ureas and their mixed forms, such as, for example, ester amides, amidoamines, ester carbonates, urea-urethanes, etc.
• hyperbranched polymers may be hyperbranched polyethers, polyesters, polyesteramides, polycarbonates or Polyestercarbonates are used.
• polycarbonates in particular dendritic polycarbonates, are particularly preferred.
• Polycarbonates are polymers with recurring carbonate groups; Polycarbonates are obtainable by polycondensation reactions of carbonate-containing compounds with polyvalent hydroxyl compounds. As carbonate-containing compounds come z. As phosgene or preferably esters of carbonic acid such as dimethyl or diethyl carbonate into consideration.
• polyhydric hydroxyl compounds are preferred aliphatic hydroxyl compounds having 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups, preferably three hydroxyl groups, particularly preferred are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated compounds which in addition the hydroxyl groups contain 2 to 20 alkoxy, preferably ethoxy groups.
• the organic particles preferably have a weight-average particle diameter of less than 150 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm and most preferably less than 80 nm; Preferably, the weight-average particle diameter is greater than 0.5 nm, in particular greater than 1 nm, particularly preferably greater than 1.5 nm and in particular greater than 2 nm.
• the content of the organic particles in the aqueous polymer dispersion is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by weight.
• the content is particularly preferably at least 0.5 parts by weight and very particularly preferably at least 1 part by weight of the organic particles per 100 parts by weight of emulsion polymer.
• the content is particularly preferably not more than 20 parts by weight and very particularly preferably not more than 15 or. 10 parts by weight of the organic particles per 100 parts by weight of emulsion polymer.
• the preparation of the aqueous polymer dispersion according to the invention is carried out by emulsion polymerization
• ionic and / or nonionic emulsifiers and / or protective colloids or stabilizers are used as surface-active compounds.
• the surfactant is usually used in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
• Water-soluble initiators for the emulsion polymerization are z.
• ammonium and alkali metal salts of peroxodisulfuric z.
• sodium peroxodisulfate, hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides z.
• red-ox reduction-oxidation
• the amount of initiators is generally 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized. It can too several, different initiators in the emulsion polymerization use.
• polymerization regulators can be used, for. B. in amounts of 0 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers to be polymerized, by which the molecular weight is reduced. Suitable z.
• B. Compounds with a thiol group such as tert-butylmercaptan, thioglycolic acid ethylacrylic ester, mercaptoethynol, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane or tert-dodecylmercaptan or regulator without thiol group, in particular z.
• the emulsion polymerization is generally carried out at 30 to 130, preferably 50 to 100 0 C.
• the polymerization medium can consist of water only, as well as mixtures of water and thus miscible liquids such as methanol. Preferably, only water is used.
• the emulsion polymerization can be carried out both as a batch process and in the form of a feed process, including a stepwise or gradient procedure.
• the feed process in which one submits a portion of the polymerization, heated to the polymerization, polymerized and then the rest of the polymerization, usually over several spatially separate feeds, one or more of which monomers in pure or in emulsified form, continuously , gradually or with the addition of a concentration gradient while maintaining the polymerization of the polymerization zone supplies.
• the polymerization can also z. B. be presented for better adjustment of the particle size of a polymer seed.
• the manner in which the initiator is added to the polymerization vessel in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization is known to one of ordinary skill in the art. It can be introduced both completely into the polymerization vessel, or used continuously or in stages according to its consumption in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization. In detail, this depends on the chemical nature of the initiator system as well as on the polymerization temperature. Preferably, a part is initially charged and the remainder supplied according to the consumption of the polymerization.
• the individual components can be added to the reactor in the feed process from above, in the side or from below through the reactor bottom.
• the aqueous polymer dispersion is obtainable by emulsion polymerization of monomers in the presence of organic polymer particles (in short organic particles) which are dispersible in the aqueous phase without surface-active auxiliaries.
• the organic particles are preferably dispersed in the aqueous phase without surface-active auxiliaries.
• the emulsion polymerization of the monomers is preferably carried out in the presence of the organic particles.
• the organic particles can already be initially introduced into the polymerization batch before the emulsion polymerization begins or added during the emulsion polymerization.
• the addition of the organic particles may be continuous over the entire duration of the polymerization or over a limited time interval.
• the organic particles may also be added during the emulsion polymerization in one or more batches.
• the aqueous phase in which the emulsion polymerization is carried out preferably contains more than 50% by weight of the organic particles, more preferably more than 70% by weight, very preferably more than 80% by weight and in particular more than 90% by weight % of the organic particles before 90% by weight of all the monomers which form the emulsion polymer are polymerized.
• the organic particles are more preferably added only after the beginning of the polymerization, in general, 80 to 100 wt .-% of the organic particles are added after at least 50 wt .-% of the monomers which form the emulsion polymer, already polymerized.
• the content of the emulsion polymer and the organic particles in the aqueous polymer dispersion is at least 50 wt .-%, in particular at least 55 wt .-%, preferably at least 58 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 60 wt .-%, or also at least 65 wt .-%, based on the aqueous polymer dispersion.
• the starting materials can be polymerized in the desired high concentration, directly reaching the above solid contents of the polymer dispersion.
• the aqueous polymer dispersion is suitable as a binder, in particular as a binder in paper coating slips.
• Ingredients include paper coating slips in particular
• auxiliaries for.
• the binder As the binder, the above aqueous polymer dispersion containing the emulsion polymer and the organic particles is used. Other binders, for. As well as natural polymers, such as starch, can be used.
• the fraction of the above aqueous polymer dispersion (calculated as solid, ie emulsion polymer and organic particles, without water) is preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight or 100% by weight, based on the total amount of binder ,
• the paper coating slips preferably comprise binders in amounts of from 1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably from 5 to 20 parts by weight, of binder, based on 100 parts by weight of pigment.
• Suitable thickeners b) besides synthetic polymers, in particular celluloses, are preferably carboxymethylcellulose.
• pigment d is understood here as inorganic solids. These solids are responsible as pigments for the color of the paper coating slip (especially white) and / or have only the function of an inert filler.
• the pigment is generally white pigments, e.g. As barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfoaluminate, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, chalk or coating Clay or silicates.
• the preparation of the paper coating slip can be done by conventional methods.
• the paper coating slips of the invention have a low viscosity and are well suited for the coating of z. B. raw paper or cardboard.
• the coating and subsequent drying can be carried out by customary methods.
• the coated papers or cartons have good performance properties, in particular, they are also good in the known printing processes, such as flexo, high, low or offset printable. Especially in the offset process they produce a high pick resistance and a fast and good color and water acceptance.
• the papers coated with the paper coating slips can be used well in all printing processes, in particular in offset printing.
• Brookfield viscosity was measured at 100 rpm and is reported in mPas.
• the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, eluent was dimethylacetamide, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as standard.
• the result was a number average Mn of 2700 Da and a weight average Mw of 5600 Da.
• Copolymer dispersion D1 (with dendritic polycarbonate)
• the aqueous copolymer dispersion D1 obtained had a solids content of 56.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
• the glass transition temperature was determined to 15 0 C and the particle size to 157 nm.
• the viscosities before / after neutralization are given in Table 1. Comparative dispersion VD
• the total amount of feed 1 A and feed 1 B was metered in continuously within 240 minutes and feed 2 within 270 minutes with constant flow rates. Over the entire metering time, the mass flows of feed 1 A and feed 1 B were homogenized just before they entered the reactor. Subsequently allowed to the reactor contents for 1 hour at 90 0 C to react further. Thereafter, the reactor contents were cooled to room temperature and the pressure vessel was relieved to atmospheric pressure. The coagulum formed was separated from the dispersion by filtration through a sieve (100 micron mesh).
• the obtained aqueous copolymer dispersion VD had a solids content of 56.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
• the determination of the glass transition temperature was carried out according to DIN 53765 by means of a DSC820 instrument, TA8000 series from Mettler-Toledo Int. Inc ..
• the average particle diameter of the polymer particles was determined by dynamic light scattering on a 0.005 to 0.01 wt .-% aqueous polymer dispersion at 23 0 C using an Autosizer IIC from. Malvern Instruments, England.
• the mean diameter of the cumulant evaluation (cumulant z-average) of the measured autocorrelation function (ISO standard 13321) is given.
• Brookfield viscosity was determined according to DIN EN ISO 2555 with spindle 3 at 20 and 100 rpm, 23 ° C., 60 sec.
• the pH was determined according to DIN ISO 976. The viscosity was measured before and after adjustment of the pH to 6.5.
• the corresponding amounts of the binders were added to an aqueous dispersion of pigments and homogenized with a quick-make. In the same way, other prescribed starting materials are incorporated. As the last component synthetic cobinder or expedient Added thickener wherein the amount is chosen so that the desired viscosity is achieved.
• Viscosity is tested according to Brookfield, DIN EN ISO 2555, RTV at 100 rpm, 23 ° C., the spindle size, as described, being governed by the present viscosity.
• the coating colors were adjusted to pH 9 with 10% NaOH.
• a test paper printability tester (MZ II) is used to repeatedly print a coated paper strip in short time intervals. After a few passes, there is a plucking that leads to spots and spots on the printed paper. The result is given as the number of prints until the first picking occurs.
• the water retention according to Gradek indicates how quickly a coating color dehydrates. Fast drainage is synonymous with poor running properties on the coating machine.
• the coating color is at a slight overpressure (0.5 bar) in a tube which is closed at the bottom with a polycarbonate membrane with a defined pore size (5 ⁇ m, diameter 47 mm).
• the penetrating water is absorbed by filter paper. The less water is released, the better the water retention and the better the running properties of the coating color.
• the amount of water is given in grams / square meter.
• the high shear viscosity is tested with Rotaionsviskosimetern (here Rotary viscometer Rheostress 600 of ThermoHaake).
• a low high-shear viscosity is synonymous with good running properties at high machine speeds (high shear rates on the blade), the indication is in mPas.
• the coating paint based on VD was not manageable because of the high viscosity.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
• Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=39135179

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (15)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2007
  • 2007-12-11 WO PCT/EP2007/063679 patent/WO2008071687A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-12-11 CA CA 2670246 patent/CA2670246A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-12-11 EP EP07857374A patent/EP2102248A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-11 JP JP2009540746A patent/JP2010513581A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-11 BR BRPI0720198-2A2A patent/BRPI0720198A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-12-11 US US12/517,238 patent/US20100055446A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-12-11 CN CNA2007800461364A patent/CN101558084A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-12-14 CN CN2007800513250A patent/CN101605852B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events