EP2101136A2 - Vaporiser pipe with optimised undercut on groove base - Google Patents
Vaporiser pipe with optimised undercut on groove base Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2101136A2 EP2101136A2 EP09002560A EP09002560A EP2101136A2 EP 2101136 A2 EP2101136 A2 EP 2101136A2 EP 09002560 A EP09002560 A EP 09002560A EP 09002560 A EP09002560 A EP 09002560A EP 2101136 A2 EP2101136 A2 EP 2101136A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- groove
- distance
- material projections
- heat exchanger
- ribs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
- F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
- F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a metallic heat exchanger tube with on the outside of the tube helically encircling, integrally molded ribs according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such metallic heat exchanger tubes are used in particular for the evaporation of liquids from pure substances or mixtures on the outside of the tube.
- Evaporation occurs in many areas of refrigeration and air conditioning technology as well as in process and energy technology.
- shell-and-tube heat exchangers are used in which liquids of pure substances or mixtures evaporate on the outside of the pipe, cooling a brine or water on the inside of the pipe.
- Such apparatuses are referred to as flooded evaporators.
- the size of the evaporator can be greatly reduced. As a result, the production costs of such apparatuses decrease.
- the necessary filling quantity of refrigerant which can account for a not inconsiderable share of the total investment costs in the chlorine-free safety refrigerants that are predominantly used today, is decreasing. In the case of toxic or flammable refrigerants, the risk potential can also be reduced by reducing the filling quantity.
- the standard high-performance pipes are about four times more efficient than smooth pipes of the same diameter.
- Integrally rolled finned tubes are understood to mean finned tubes in which the fins are formed from the wall material of a smooth tube.
- various methods are known with which the channels located between adjacent ribs are closed in such a way that connections between the channel and the environment remain in the form of pores or slits.
- substantially closed channels are formed by bending or flipping the ribs (FIG.
- the most powerful commercially available finned tube finned tubes have on the tube exterior a fin structure with a fin density of 55 to 60 fins per inch ( US 5,669,441 ; US 5,697,430 ; DE 197 57 526 C1 ). This corresponds to a rib pitch of about 0.45 to 0.40 mm.
- a rib pitch of about 0.45 to 0.40 mm.
- a smaller rib division inevitably requires equally finer tools.
- finer tools are subject to a higher risk of breakage and faster wear.
- the currently available tools enable the safe production of finned tubes with rib densities of up to 60 ribs per inch. Further, as the rib pitch decreases, the production rate of the tubes becomes smaller, and hence the manufacturing cost becomes higher.
- performance-enhanced evaporation structures can be produced at the same rib density on the outside of the tube by introducing additional structural elements in the region of the groove bottom between the ribs. Since the temperature of the rib is higher in the area of the groove base than in the area of the fin tip, structural elements for intensifying the formation of bubbles in this area are particularly effective.
- EP 0 222 100 B1 US 5,186,252 ; JP 04039596A and US 2007/0151715 A1 to find.
- These inventions have in common that the structural elements have no undercut shape at the groove bottom, which is why they do not sufficiently intensify the formation of bubbles.
- EP 1 223 400 B1 It is proposed to produce at the groove bottom between the ribs undercut secondary grooves which extend continuously along the primary groove. The cross section of these secondary grooves can remain constant or varied at regular intervals.
- the invention has for its object to provide a performance-enhanced heat exchanger tube for the evaporation of liquids on the outside of the tube with the same tube-side heat transfer and pressure drop.
- the invention includes a metallic heat exchanger tube with on the outside of the tube helically encircling, integrally formed and continuously formed ribs, the fin foot protrudes substantially radially from the tube wall, as well as located between each adjacent ribs primary grooves.
- At least one undercut secondary groove is arranged in the region of the groove bottom of the primary grooves. This secondary groove is limited to the primary groove by a pair of opposing material projections formed from material of respectively adjacent rib feet. These material projections extend continuously along the primary groove.
- the cross section of the secondary groove is varied at regular intervals without affecting the shape of the ribs. There is a gap between the opposed material projections, this distance being varied at regular intervals, whereby local cavities are formed.
- the invention is based on the consideration that to increase the heat transfer during evaporation of the process of bubbling is intensified.
- the formation of bubbles begins at germinal sites. These germinal sites are usually small gas or steam inclusions. When the growing bubble reaches a certain size, it detaches from the surface. If the germinal site is flooded with fluid in the course of bladder detachment, the germinal site is deactivated.
- the surface must therefore be designed in such a way that when the bubble is detached, a small bubble remains, which then serves as a germinal point for a new bubble formation cycle. This is achieved by applying cavities with openings on the surface. The opening of the cavity tapers in relation to the cavity located below the opening. Through the opening of the exchange of liquid and steam.
- a connection between the primary and secondary groove is realized by the distance between the opposite material projections, so that the exchange of liquid and vapor between the primary groove and the secondary groove is made possible.
- the particular advantage of the invention is that the effect of the undercut secondary groove on the formation of bubbles is particularly great when the distance between opposing material projections according to the invention is varied at regular intervals. As a result, the exchange of liquid and vapor is controlled specifically and prevents the flooding of the bubble nucleation site in the cavity.
- the location of the cavities in the vicinity of the primary groove base is particularly favorable for the evaporation process, since at the groove bottom, the heat overtemperature is greatest and therefore there is the highest driving temperature difference for the bubble formation available.
- the distance between the opposite material protrusions can assume the value zero at regular intervals.
- the secondary groove is closed in certain areas relative to the primary groove. In these areas, the opposite material projections touch, without that it comes to a material conclusion.
- the bubbles in turn escape through the cavities which are opened into the center of the primary groove, and the liquid preferably flows from the side into the cavity near the closed regions of the secondary groove.
- the escaping bubble is not hindered by the inflowing liquid working medium and can expand undisturbed in the primary groove.
- the respective flow zones for the liquid and the steam are spatially separated from each other.
- a small channel is left between the cavities, which, however, has no connection to the primary groove. Nevertheless, for example, pressure differences between the mutually adjacent cavities can be compensated via these channels.
- the secondary groove may be substantially pressed.
- the maximum distance between the opposite material projections 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm.
- the maximum distance between the opposite material projections 0.06 mm to 0.09 mm.
- the length of the areas in the circumferential direction, in which the distance of the opposite material projections does not assume the value zero be between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm.
- the rib tips may be deformed such that they cover the primary grooves in the radial direction and partially close and thus a helically encircling, partially closed Form cavity.
- the rib tips may have, for example, a substantially T-shaped cross section with pore-like recesses through which the vapor bubbles can escape.
- Fig. 1 shows a view of the outside of a pipe section according to the invention.
- the integrally rolled finned tube 1 has, on the outside of the tube, helical circumferential ribs 2, between which a primary groove 6 is formed.
- the ribs 2 extend continuously without interruption along a helix line on the tube outside.
- the ribbed foot 3 projects essentially radially from the tube wall 5.
- a finned tube 1 is proposed, in which an undercut secondary groove extends in the region of the groove bottom 7, which extends between two respective adjacent ribs 2 located primary grooves 6 8 is arranged. This secondary groove 8 is limited to the primary groove 6 through a pair of opposed, formed of material respectively adjacent rib feet 3 shaped material protrusions 9.
- These material projections 9 extend continuously along the primary groove 6, wherein a distance S is formed between opposite material projections 9, which is varied at regular intervals. With variation of the cross section of the secondary groove 8, the shape of the ribs 2 is not affected. Due to the change in cross-section in conjunction with the variation of the distance S, cavities 10 form locally, which favor bubble nucleation in particular.
- the exchange of liquid and vapor between the primary groove 6 and secondary groove 8 is controlled by liquid supply and vapor discharge take place in separate areas.
- tubes of the prior art for example, the after EP 1 223 400 B1 are made, not on, since here, although the cross-sectional shape of the secondary groove 8 is varied, but not their opening width and thus no preferred areas exist respectively for liquid supply and steam outlet.
- the extent of the secondary groove 8 in the radial direction is measured from the groove bottom 7 in the areas with a large distance between the material projections 9 maximum 15% of the height H of the ribs 2.
- the fin height H is measured on the finished finned tube 1 from the lowest point of the groove bottom 7 to the fin tip 4 of the fully formed finned tube.
- Fig. 2 shows a front view of the pipe section according to Fig. 1 , In this partial view, the ribs 2 which extend helically on the outside of the pipe run into the plane of the drawing. Between the ribs 2, the primary groove 6 is formed. The ribbed foot 3 projects essentially radially from the tube wall 5. In the region of the groove bottom 7, which extends between each two adjacent ribs 2 located primary grooves 6, the undercut secondary groove 8 is formed. This secondary groove 8 is separated from the primary groove 6 by the opposing material projections 9.
- These material projections 9 extend continuously along the primary groove 6 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, wherein a distance S is formed between opposite material projections 9, which is varied at regular intervals. In different planes, S assumes the minimum value S min in the region between the cavities 10 and the value S max at the highest point of a cavity 10. By virtue of this change in cross-section, cavities 10 having an opening width are formed locally, which favor bubble nucleation in particular.
- Fig. 3 shows a view of the outside of a pipe section 1 according to the invention with partially closed secondary groove 8.
- the secondary groove 8 is completely closed at regular intervals to the primary groove 6 out. This corresponds to the case that in certain areas, the distance between the material projections 9 is reduced to zero.
- the secondary groove 8 then has only in the respective intermediate areas openings to the primary groove 6 down, whereby the width of these openings is reduced at the respective edges.
- Fig. 4 shows a front view of the pipe section according to Fig. 3 ,
- the bubbles in turn escape through the cavities 10 which are opened into the center of the primary groove 6. Liquid flows into the cavity at the edges of the openings. In the closed region of the secondary groove 8, a small channel is maintained between the cavities 10, which has no connection to the primary groove 6. However, for example, pressure differences between the mutually adjacent cavities 10 can be compensated via these channels.
- the length L of the regions in which the secondary groove is not closed is advantageously between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm.
- Fig. 5 shows a partial view of the outside of a pipe section according to the invention with fully closed secondary groove between the cavities.
- the material projections 9 it also proves to be advantageous in the areas in which the distance between the material projections 9 is reduced to the value zero, the material projections 9 to deform so far that they are displaced to the bottom of the secondary 8 and thus the Secondary groove 8 is pressed in this area.
- cavities 10 which are located in the intermediate regions and which are completely limited in their circumference are produced as undercut cavities at the bottom of the primary groove 6.
- These cavities 10 act as extremely effective nucleation sites, since in these structures the subsequent flow of liquid can be very controlled and even particularly small bubbles can not be displaced.
- the bubbles in turn escape through the cavities 10 which are opened into the center of the primary groove 6. Liquid flows into the cavity at the edges of the openings.
- the length L of the regions in which the secondary groove is not closed is advantageously between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm.
- Fig. 6 shows a front view of the pipe section according to Fig. 5 , As shown, it is once again clarified how in the regions in which the distance between the material projections 9 is reduced to the value zero, the material projections 9 are deformed. These are displaced to the bottom of the secondary groove 8, whereby the secondary groove 8 is pressed in this area.
- the distance S between the opposing material projections 9 varies between 0 mm and 0.1 mm. In the ranges in which this distance assumes its maximum value S max , this value is typically between 0.03 mm and 0.1 mm, preferably between 0.06 mm and 0.09 mm.
- the rib tips are expediently deformed as a distal region 4 of the ribs 2 such that they partially close the primary grooves 6 in the radial direction and thus form a partially closed cavity.
- the connection between the primary groove 6 and the environment is configured in the form of pores 11 or slots, so that vapor bubbles can escape from the primary groove 6.
- the deformation of the rib tips 4 is done with methods that can be found in the prior art.
- the primary grooves 6 then represent even undercut grooves.
- a structure By combining the cavities 10 according to the invention with a primary groove 6 which is closed except for pores 11 or slots, a structure is obtained which is further characterized in that it has a very high efficiency in the evaporation of liquids over a very wide range of operating conditions. In particular, when the heat flow density or the driving temperature difference is varied, the heat transfer coefficient of the structure at a high level remains almost constant.
- the solution according to the invention relates to structured tubes in which the heat transfer coefficient is increased on the tube outside.
- the heat transfer coefficient on the inside can also be intensified by a suitable internal structuring.
- the heat exchanger tubes for shell and tube heat exchangers usually have at least one structured area and smooth end pieces and possibly smooth spacers.
- the smooth end or intermediate pieces limit the structured areas. So that the tube can be easily installed in the shell and tube heat exchanger, the outer diameter of the structured areas must not be greater than the outer diameter of the smooth end and intermediate pieces.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein metallisches Wärmeaustauscherrohr mit auf der Rohraußenseite helixförmig umlaufenden, integral ausgeformten Rippen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a metallic heat exchanger tube with on the outside of the tube helically encircling, integrally molded ribs according to the preamble of
Derartige metallische Wärmeaustauscherrohre dienen insbesondere zur Verdampfung von Flüssigkeiten aus Reinstoffen oder Gemischen auf der Rohraußenseite.Such metallic heat exchanger tubes are used in particular for the evaporation of liquids from pure substances or mixtures on the outside of the tube.
Verdampfung tritt in vielen Bereichen der Kälte- und Klimatechnik sowie in der Prozess- und Energietechnik auf. Häufig werden Rohrbündelwärmeaustauscher verwendet, in denen Flüssigkeiten von Reinstoffen oder Mischungen auf der Rohraußenseite verdampfen und dabei auf der Rohrinnenseite eine Sole oder Wasser abkühlen. Solche Apparate werden als überflutete Verdampfer bezeichnet.Evaporation occurs in many areas of refrigeration and air conditioning technology as well as in process and energy technology. Frequently, shell-and-tube heat exchangers are used in which liquids of pure substances or mixtures evaporate on the outside of the pipe, cooling a brine or water on the inside of the pipe. Such apparatuses are referred to as flooded evaporators.
Durch die Intensivierung des Wärmeübergangs auf der Rohraußen- und der Rohrinnenseite lässt sich die Größe der Verdampfer stark reduzieren. Hierdurch nehmen die Herstellungskosten solcher Apparate ab. Außerdem sinkt die notwendige Füllmenge an Kältemittel, die bei den heute überwiegend verwendeten, chlorfreien Sicherheitskältemitteln einen nicht zu vernachlässigenden Kostenanteil an den gesamten Anlagekosten ausmachen kann. Bei toxischen oder brennbaren Kältemitteln lässt sich durch eine Reduktion der Füllmenge ferner das Gefahrenpotenzial herabsetzen. Die heute üblichen Hochleistungsrohre sind bereits etwa um den Faktor vier leistungsfähiger als glatte Rohre gleichen Durchmessers.By intensifying the heat transfer on the pipe outside and inside the pipe, the size of the evaporator can be greatly reduced. As a result, the production costs of such apparatuses decrease. In addition, the necessary filling quantity of refrigerant, which can account for a not inconsiderable share of the total investment costs in the chlorine-free safety refrigerants that are predominantly used today, is decreasing. In the case of toxic or flammable refrigerants, the risk potential can also be reduced by reducing the filling quantity. The standard high-performance pipes are about four times more efficient than smooth pipes of the same diameter.
Es ist Stand der Technik, derartig leistungsfähige Rohre auf der Basis von integral gewalzten Rippenrohren herzustellen. Unter integral gewalzten Rippenrohren werden berippte Rohre verstanden, bei denen die Rippen aus dem Wandmaterial eines Glattrohres geformt wurden. Es sind hierbei verschiedene Verfahren bekannt, mit denen die zwischen benachbarten Rippen befindlichen Kanäle derart verschlossen werden, dass Verbindungen zwischen Kanal und Umgebung in Form von Poren oder Schlitzen bleiben. Insbesondere werden solche im Wesentlichen geschlossene Kanäle durch Umbiegen oder Umlegen der Rippen (
Die leistungsstärksten, kommerziell erhältlichen Rippenrohre für überflutete Verdampfer besitzen auf der Rohraußenseite eine Rippenstruktur mit einer Rippendichte von 55 bis 60 Rippen pro Zoll (
Weiterhin ist bekannt, dass leistungsgesteigerte Verdampfungsstrukturen bei gleichbleibender Rippendichte auf der Rohraußenseite erzeugt werden können, indem man zusätzliche Strukturelemente im Bereich des Nutengrundes zwischen den Rippen einbringt. Da im Bereich des Nutengrundes die Temperatur der Rippe höher ist als im Bereich der Rippenspitze, sind Strukturelemente zur Intensivierung der Blasenbildung in diesem Bereich besonders wirkungsvoll.Furthermore, it is known that performance-enhanced evaporation structures can be produced at the same rib density on the outside of the tube by introducing additional structural elements in the region of the groove bottom between the ribs. Since the temperature of the rib is higher in the area of the groove base than in the area of the fin tip, structural elements for intensifying the formation of bubbles in this area are particularly effective.
Beispiele hierfür sind in
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein leistungsgesteigertes Wärmeaustauscherrohr zur Verdampfung von Flüssigkeiten auf der Rohraußenseite bei gleichem rohrseitigen Wärmeübergang und Druckabfall anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide a performance-enhanced heat exchanger tube for the evaporation of liquids on the outside of the tube with the same tube-side heat transfer and pressure drop.
Die Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 wiedergegeben. Die weiteren rückbezogenen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The invention is represented by the features of
Die Erfindung schließt ein metallisches Wärmeaustauscherrohr ein mit auf der Rohraußenseite helixförmig umlaufenden, integral ausgeformten und durchgehend ausgebildeten Rippen, deren Rippenfuß im Wesentlichen radial von der Rohrwandung absteht, sowie mit zwischen jeweils benachbarten Rippen sich befindenden Primärnuten. Im Bereich des Nutengrundes der Primärnuten ist mindestens eine hinterschnittene Sekundärnut angeordnet. Diese Sekundärnut ist zur Primärnut hin durch ein Paar einander gegenüberliegender, aus Material jeweils benachbarter Rippenfüße geformter Werkstoffvorsprünge begrenzt. Diese Werkstoffvorsprünge erstrecken sich kontinuierlich entlang der Primärnut. Der Querschnitt der Sekundärnut wird in regelmäßigen Intervallen variiert, ohne dabei die Form der Rippen zu beeinflussen. Zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen ist ein Abstand, wobei dieser Abstand in regelmäßigen Intervallen variiert wird, wodurch lokale Kavitäten ausgebildet sind.The invention includes a metallic heat exchanger tube with on the outside of the tube helically encircling, integrally formed and continuously formed ribs, the fin foot protrudes substantially radially from the tube wall, as well as located between each adjacent ribs primary grooves. At least one undercut secondary groove is arranged in the region of the groove bottom of the primary grooves. This secondary groove is limited to the primary groove by a pair of opposing material projections formed from material of respectively adjacent rib feet. These material projections extend continuously along the primary groove. The cross section of the secondary groove is varied at regular intervals without affecting the shape of the ribs. There is a gap between the opposed material projections, this distance being varied at regular intervals, whereby local cavities are formed.
Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass zur Erhöhung des Wärmeüberganges bei der Verdampfung der Vorgang des Blasensiedens intensiviert wird. Die Bildung von Blasen beginnt an Keimstellen. Diese Keimstellen sind meist kleine Gas- oder Dampfeinschlüsse. Wenn die anwachsende Blase eine bestimmte Größe erreicht hat, löst sie sich von der Oberfläche ab. Wird im Zuge der Blasenablösung die Keimstelle mit Flüssigkeit geflutet, dann wird die Keimstelle deaktiviert. Die Oberfläche muss also derart gestaltet werden, dass beim Ablösen der Blase eine kleine Blase zurück bleibt, die dann als Keimstelle für einen neuen Zyklus der Blasenbildung dient. Dies wird erreicht, indem man auf der Oberfläche Kavitäten mit Öffnungen aufbringt. Die Öffnung der Kavität verjüngt sich gegenüber dem unter der Öffnung liegenden Hohlraum. Durch die Öffnung erfolgt der Austausch von Flüssigkeit und Dampf.The invention is based on the consideration that to increase the heat transfer during evaporation of the process of bubbling is intensified. The formation of bubbles begins at germinal sites. These germinal sites are usually small gas or steam inclusions. When the growing bubble reaches a certain size, it detaches from the surface. If the germinal site is flooded with fluid in the course of bladder detachment, the germinal site is deactivated. The surface must therefore be designed in such a way that when the bubble is detached, a small bubble remains, which then serves as a germinal point for a new bubble formation cycle. This is achieved by applying cavities with openings on the surface. The opening of the cavity tapers in relation to the cavity located below the opening. Through the opening of the exchange of liquid and steam.
Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch den Abstand zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen eine Verbindung zwischen Primär-und Sekundärnut realisiert, so dass der Austausch von Flüssigkeit und Dampf zwischen Primärnut und Sekundärnut ermöglicht ist. Der besondere Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Wirkung der hinterschnittenen Sekundärnut auf die Bildung von Blasen dann besonders groß ist, wenn der Abstand zwischen gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen erfindungsgemäß in regelmäßigen Intervallen variiert wird. Dadurch wird der Austausch von Flüssigkeit und Dampf gezielt gesteuert und die Flutung der Blasenkeimstelle in der Kavität verhindert. Die Lage der Kavitäten in der Nähe des primären Nutengrundes ist für den Verdampfungsprozess besonders günstig, da am Nutengrund die Wärmeübertemperatur am größten ist und deshalb dort die höchste treibende Temperaturdifferenz für die Blasenbildung zur Verfügung steht.In the present invention, a connection between the primary and secondary groove is realized by the distance between the opposite material projections, so that the exchange of liquid and vapor between the primary groove and the secondary groove is made possible. The particular advantage of the invention is that the effect of the undercut secondary groove on the formation of bubbles is particularly great when the distance between opposing material projections according to the invention is varied at regular intervals. As a result, the exchange of liquid and vapor is controlled specifically and prevents the flooding of the bubble nucleation site in the cavity. The location of the cavities in the vicinity of the primary groove base is particularly favorable for the evaporation process, since at the groove bottom, the heat overtemperature is greatest and therefore there is the highest driving temperature difference for the bubble formation available.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Abstand zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen in regelmäßigen Intervallen den Wert Null annehmen. Dadurch wird die Sekundärnut in bestimmten Bereichen gegenüber der Primärnut abgeschlossen. In diesen Bereichen berühren sich die gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprünge, ohne dass es zu einem Stoffschluss kommt. Die Blasen entweichen in diesem Falle wiederum durch die ins Zentrum der Primärnut hin geöffneten Kavitäten, die Flüssigkeit strömt bevorzugt von der Seite her nahe der verschlossenen Bereiche der Sekundärnut in die Kavität nach. Hierbei wird die entweichende Blase durch das einströmende flüssige Arbeitsmedium nicht behindert und kann sich ungestört in der Primärnut ausdehnen. Die jeweiligen Strömungszonen für die Flüssigkeit und den Dampf sind dabei räumlich voneinander getrennt. Zudem verbleibt auch im verschlossenen Bereich der Sekundärnut ein kleiner Kanal zwischen den Kavitäten erhalten, der jedoch keine Verbindung zur Primärnut aufweist. Dennoch können über diese Kanäle beispielsweise Druckunterschiede zwischen den zueinander benachbarten Kavitäten ausgeglichen werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the distance between the opposite material protrusions can assume the value zero at regular intervals. As a result, the secondary groove is closed in certain areas relative to the primary groove. In these areas, the opposite material projections touch, without that it comes to a material conclusion. In this case, the bubbles in turn escape through the cavities which are opened into the center of the primary groove, and the liquid preferably flows from the side into the cavity near the closed regions of the secondary groove. In this case, the escaping bubble is not hindered by the inflowing liquid working medium and can expand undisturbed in the primary groove. The respective flow zones for the liquid and the steam are spatially separated from each other. In addition, even in the closed region of the secondary groove, a small channel is left between the cavities, which, however, has no connection to the primary groove. Nevertheless, for example, pressure differences between the mutually adjacent cavities can be compensated via these channels.
Bevorzugt kann in den Bereichen, in denen der Abstand zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen den Wert Null annimmt, die Sekundärnut im Wesentlichen zugedrückt sein. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung besteht über die Teilabschnitte der Sekundärnut keine Verbindung der Kavitäten untereinander mehr.Preferably, in the regions in which the distance between the opposing material projections assumes the value zero, the secondary groove may be substantially pressed. In this embodiment, there is no connection of the cavities with one another more over the subsections of the secondary groove.
In bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der maximale Abstand zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen 0,03 mm bis 0,1 mm betragen. Zudem kann vorteilhafterweise der maximale Abstand zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen 0,06 mm bis 0,09 mm sein.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the maximum distance between the opposite material projections 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm. In addition, advantageously, the maximum distance between the opposite material projections 0.06 mm to 0.09 mm.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung kann die Länge der Bereiche in Umlaufrichtung, in denen der Abstand der gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprünge nicht den Wert Null annimmt, zwischen 0,2 mm und 0,5 mm betragen. Hierdurch wird eine optimale Abstimmung der aufeinanderfolgenden Kavitäten und dazwischen liegenden Bereiche erzielt.In a preferred embodiment, the length of the areas in the circumferential direction, in which the distance of the opposite material projections does not assume the value zero, be between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm. As a result, an optimal coordination of the successive cavities and intermediate areas is achieved.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können die Rippenspitzen derart verformt sein, dass sie die Primärnuten in Radialrichtung überdecken und teilweise verschließen und so einen helixförmig umlaufenden, teilweise abgeschlossenen Hohlraum bilden. Die Rippenspitzen können dabei beispielsweise einen im Wesentlichen T-förmigen Querschnitt mit porenartigen Ausnehmungen aufweisen, durch welche die Dampfblasen entweichen können.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rib tips may be deformed such that they cover the primary grooves in the radial direction and partially close and thus a helically encircling, partially closed Form cavity. The rib tips may have, for example, a substantially T-shaped cross section with pore-like recesses through which the vapor bubbles can escape.
Die Druckschrift
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the schematic drawings.
-
Fig. 1 eine Teilansicht der Außenseite eines erfindungsgemäßen Rohrabschnittes,Fig. 1 a partial view of the outside of a pipe section according to the invention, -
Fig. 2 eine Vorderansicht des Rohrabschnitts gemäßFig. 1 ,Fig. 2 a front view of the pipe section according toFig. 1 . -
Fig. 3 eine Teilansicht der Außenseite eines erfindungsgemäßen Rohrabschnittes mit abschnittsweise verschlossener Sekundärnut,Fig. 3 a partial view of the outside of a pipe section according to the invention with partially closed secondary groove, -
Fig. 4 eine Vorderansicht des Rohrabschnitts gemäßFig. 3 ,Fig. 4 a front view of the pipe section according toFig. 3 . -
Fig. 5 eine Teilansicht der Außenseite eines erfindungsgemäßen Rohrabschnittes mit abschnittsweise zugedrückter Sekundärnut zwischen den Kavitäten, undFig. 5 a partial view of the outside of a pipe section according to the invention with sectionally compressed secondary groove between the cavities, and -
Fig. 6 eine Vorderansicht des Rohrabschnitts gemäßFig. 5 .Fig. 6 a front view of the pipe section according toFig. 5 ,
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.
Durch den Abstand S zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen 9 wird eine Verbindung zwischen Primärnut 6 und Sekundärnut 8 ausgebildet, so dass der Austausch von Flüssigkeit und Dampf zwischen Primärnut 6 und Sekundärnut 8 ermöglicht ist. In Bereichen, die einen kleinen Abstand S zwischen den Werkstoffvorsprüngen 9 aufweisen, gelangt bevorzugt Flüssigkeit von der Primärnut 6 in die Sekundärnut 8. Die Flüssigkeit verdampft innerhalb der Sekundärnut 8. Der entstehende Dampf tritt bevorzugt an den Stellen aus der Sekundärnut 8 aus, die einen großen Abstand zwischen den Werkstoffvorsprüngen 9 aufweisen, also im Bereich der Kavitäten 10. Diese dort austretenden Dampfblasen bilden Keimstellen für die weitere Verdampfung von Flüssigkeit in der Primärnut 6. Für die weitere Verdampfung von Flüssigkeit in der Primärnut 6, ist es vorteilhaft, dass sich die Rippen 2 kontinuierlich auf der Rohraußenseite entlang der Primärnut 6 erstrecken. Durch die gezielte Variation der Öffnungsweite der Sekundärnut 8 wird der Austausch von Flüssigkeit und Dampf zwischen Primärnut 6 und Sekundärnut 8 gesteuert, indem Flüssigkeitszufuhr und Dampfaustritt in von einander getrennten Bereichen stattfinden. Diese vorteilhafte Eigenschaft weisen Rohre des Standes der Technik, beispielsweise die nach
Diese Werkstoffvorsprünge 9 erstrecken sich kontinuierlich entlang der Primärnut 6 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene, wobei zwischen gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen 9 ein Abstand S ausgebildet ist, der in regelmäßigen Intervallen variiert wird. In unterschiedlichen Ebenen nimmt S im Bereich zwischen den Kavitäten 10 den minimalen Wert Smin und an der höchsten Stelle einer Kavität 10 den Wert Smax an. Durch diese Querschnittsänderung sind lokal Kavitäten 10 mit einer Öffnungsweite ausgebildet, die eine Blasenkeimbildung besonders begünstigen.These
Der Abstand S zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngen 9 variiert zwischen 0 mm und 0,1 mm. In den Bereichen, in denen dieser Abstand seinen maximalen Wert Smax annimmt, liegt dieser Wert typischerweise zwischen 0,03 mm und 0,1 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,06 mm und 0,09 mm.The distance S between the opposing
Zusätzlich zur Bildung der hinterschnittenen Sekundärnuten 8 am Nutengrund 7 der Primärnuten 6 werden zweckmäßigerweise die Rippenspitzen als distaler Bereich 4 der Rippen 2 derart verformt, dass sie die Primärnuten 6 in Radialrichtung teilweise verschließen und so einen teilweise abgeschlossenen Hohlraum bilden. Die Verbindung zwischen Primärnut 6 und Umgebung ist in Form von Poren 11 oder Schlitzen ausgestaltet, damit Dampfblasen aus der Primärnut 6 entweichen können. Das Verformen der Rippenspitzen 4 geschieht mit Methoden, die dem Stand der Technik zu entnehmen sind. Die Primärnuten 6 stellen dann selbst hinterschnittene Nuten dar.In addition to the formation of the undercut
Durch die Kombination der erfindungsgemäßen Kavitäten 10 mit einer bis auf Poren 11 oder Schlitze verschlossen Primärnut 6 erhält man eine Struktur, die sich ferner dadurch auszeichnet, dass sie über einen sehr weiten Bereich von Betriebsbedingungen eine sehr hohe Leistungsfähigkeit bei Verdampfung von Flüssigkeiten aufweist. Insbesondere bleibt bei Variation der Wärmestromdichte oder der treibenden Temperaturdifferenz der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient der Struktur auf einem hohen Niveau nahezu konstant.By combining the
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung bezieht sich auf strukturierte Rohre, bei denen der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient auf der Rohraußenseite gesteigert wird. Um nicht den Hauptanteil des Wärmedurchgangswiderstandes auf die Innenseite zu verlagern, kann der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient auf der Innenseite durch eine geeignete Innenstrukturierung ebenfalls intensiviert werden.The solution according to the invention relates to structured tubes in which the heat transfer coefficient is increased on the tube outside. In order not to the majority of the heat transfer resistance on the inside too Relocate the heat transfer coefficient on the inside can also be intensified by a suitable internal structuring.
Die Wärmeaustauscherrohre für Rohrbündelwärmeaustauscher besitzen üblicherweise mindestens einen strukturierten Bereich sowie glatte Endstücke und eventuell glatte Zwischenstücke. Die glatten End- bzw. Zwischenstücke begrenzen die strukturierten Bereiche. Damit das Rohr problemlos in den Rohrbündelwärmeaustauscher eingebaut werden kann, darf der äußere Durchmesser der strukturierten Bereiche nicht größer sein als der äußere Durchmesser der glatten End- und Zwischenstücke.The heat exchanger tubes for shell and tube heat exchangers usually have at least one structured area and smooth end pieces and possibly smooth spacers. The smooth end or intermediate pieces limit the structured areas. So that the tube can be easily installed in the shell and tube heat exchanger, the outer diameter of the structured areas must not be greater than the outer diameter of the smooth end and intermediate pieces.
- 11
- metallisches Wärmeaustauscherrohr, Rippenrohrmetallic heat exchanger tube, finned tube
- 22
- Rippenribs
- 33
- Rippenfußfin base
- 44
- Rippenspitzen, distale Bereiche der RippenRib tips, distal areas of the ribs
- 55
- Rohrwandungpipe wall
- 66
- Primärnutprimary groove
- 77
- Nutengrundgroove base
- 88th
- Sekundärnutsecondary groove
- 99
- WerkstoffvorsprungMaterial advantage
- 1010
- Kavitätcavity
- 1111
- Porenpore
- SS
- Abstand zwischen gegenüberliegenden WerkstoffvorsprüngenDistance between opposite material projections
- Smax S max
- maximale Abstand zwischen gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngenmaximum distance between opposite material projections
- Smin S min
- minimale Abstand zwischen gegenüberliegenden Werkstoffvorsprüngenminimum distance between opposing material protrusions
- LL
- Länge der Bereiche in Umlaufrichtung, in denen der Abstand S ungleich Null istLength of the areas in the circumferential direction, in which the distance S is not equal to zero
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102008013929A DE102008013929B3 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2008-03-12 | Metallic heat exchanger pipe i.e. integrally rolled ribbed type pipe, for e.g. air-conditioning and refrigeration application, has pair of material edges extending continuously along primary grooves, where distance is formed between edges |
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EP2101136A2 true EP2101136A2 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
EP2101136A3 EP2101136A3 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
EP2101136B1 EP2101136B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
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EP09002560.2A Active EP2101136B1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2009-02-24 | Metallic heat exchanger tube |
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US (1) | US8281850B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2101136B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5684456B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20090097773A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101532795B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0900816B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008013929B3 (en) |
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CN101603793B (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2010-09-01 | 江苏萃隆精密铜管股份有限公司 | Intensified condenser tube |
US20140000857A1 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2014-01-02 | William P. King | Refrigerant repelling surfaces |
CN102980431A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-03-20 | 沃林/维兰德传热技术有限责任公司 | Evaporation heat-transfer pipe |
CN102980432A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-03-20 | 沃林/维兰德传热技术有限责任公司 | Evaporation heat transfer pipe with hollow cavity body |
DE102014002829A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2015-08-27 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Metallic heat exchanger tube |
WO2017087664A1 (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-26 | Kandlikar, Satish, G. | Pool boiling enhancement with feeder channels supplying liquid to nucleating regions |
DE102016006914B4 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2019-01-24 | Wieland-Werke Ag | heat exchanger tube |
CN116507864A (en) | 2020-10-31 | 2023-07-28 | 威兰德-沃克公开股份有限公司 | Metal heat exchanger tube |
DE202020005625U1 (en) | 2020-10-31 | 2021-11-10 | Wieland-Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Metallic heat exchanger tube |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101532795A (en) | 2009-09-16 |
CN101532795B (en) | 2013-07-24 |
DE102008013929B3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US20090229807A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
BRPI0900816B1 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
MX2009001692A (en) | 2009-10-05 |
US8281850B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
BRPI0900816A2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
JP5684456B2 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2101136B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
PT2101136E (en) | 2015-04-22 |
KR20090097773A (en) | 2009-09-16 |
JP2009216374A (en) | 2009-09-24 |
EP2101136A3 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
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