Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
  • H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
  • H02K7/1876—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts
  • H02K7/1884—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts structurally associated with free piston engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
  • F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
  • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
  • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
  • F02B63/041—Linear electric generators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for converting thermodynamic energy into electrical energy.
• the object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive device for generating electric power, which works exclusively with high efficiency.
• Piston-cylinder unit having a pressure cylinder and arranged in the pressure cylinder and linearly movable by volume change of a working fluid piston, a generator having a coil and a magnet, wherein the magnet or the coil is coupled to the piston so that a linear movement of the piston causes a linear movement of the magnet relative to the coil, and a controller which controls a working stroke of the device in response to at least one measured process parameter.
• the operation of the device according to the invention is not subject to a periodic system clock, but is based on a controlled sequence of individual operating clocks, so that each working cycle can proceed under optimum energy conversion efficiency.
• the controller specifies the time sequence of the equivalent work cycles on the basis of a continuous evaluation of the measured process parameter.
• the working cycle time is not proportional to the clock frequency.
• the energy conversion process always takes place with the same efficiency, regardless of how often it is performed per unit of time.
• FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of a system for generating electrical power
• FIG. 4 shows the schematic structure of an installation for generating electricity according to another embodiment.
• thermodynamic part 10 with a working medium and a linear part 12 and a controller 14 acting on both parts.
• the linear part 12 has, as main components, a one-stroke "motor” with a linear expansion device in the form of a piston-cylinder unit 16 and a linear generator 18 with a magnet 20 and a coil 22
• the piston-cylinder unit 16 consists essentially of a pressure cylinder 24 and a piston 26 displaceable therein, which is coupled to the magnet 20 of the linear generator 18.
• a first working space 28 of the pressure cylinder 24 formed on the magnet 20 side facing the piston 26, a second working space 30th
• Main components of the thermodynamic part 10 are essentially a pump 32, a heat exchanger 34, an optional heat accumulator 36 and a condenser 38. From FIGS.
• thermodynamic part 10 of the plant is connected to the linear part via two lines 40, 42 12, more specifically coupled to the single-ended motor.
• the two lines 40, 42 which are connected to the heat exchanger 34 (or more generally with a heat reservoir of higher temperature) or with the condenser 38 (or more generally with a heat reservoir lower temperature), respectively leading to the two variable working spaces 28, 30 of the Pressure cylinder 24.
• the four ports 44, 46, 48, 50, with which the lines 40, 42 are coupled to the working spaces 28, 30 can be selectively opened or closed by the controller 14.
• thermo energy heat energy
• vapor pressure thermodynamic energy
• kinetic energy mechanical kinetic energy
• the working medium is heated by the supply of thermal energy and evaporated, resulting in a large volume expansion of the working medium.
• heat exchangers 34 serve e.g. Solar panels, which absorb heat from the sun and release it to the working fluid flowing past, which evaporates as a result of the heating.
• a coolant as a working fluid with a lower boiling point than that of water, an efficiency of an estimated ⁇ > 20% can be achieved for this partial process.
• the required for the cycle process volume contraction of the working medium by cooling and condensation takes place in the condenser 38 in colder environment.
• the pump 32 the liquid working medium is compressed and fed back to the heat exchanger 34.
• thermodynamic cycle when an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) process is provided as the thermodynamic cycle, a medium suitable for use in such an ORC process is preferably used as the working medium used, eg R245fa or a specially designed for the application described synthetic working medium, the good
• Heat transfer properties and is also characterized by the fact that in the required ORC temperature range in the working medium no negative pressure relative to the ambient pressure arises because the technically difficult to avoid in the long run due to a negative pressure penetrating air reduces the ORC efficiency. Furthermore, before the expansion, only the slightest possible overheating of the vaporized gas should be necessary, since the energy added during the overheating only slightly increases the ORC energy yield.
• the heating / evaporation of the working medium is based on the
• thermodynamic part 10 As a working medium for the thermodynamic part 10, other fluids, such as e.g. Hydraulic oil, or gases are used.
• the very high degree of efficiency is also favored by the use of a smooth running design optimized for the aforementioned requirements. Piston-cylinder unit 16 with low friction and low thermal losses, so that high expansion speeds can be realized.
• the magnet 20 of the linear generator 18 which is directly coupled by means of a rigid piston rod 52, moves within the coil 22, so that a voltage pulse is induced in the coil 22.
• the magnet 20 may also, as shown in Figure 1, be connected via a hinge 55 to the piston 26.
• the joint 55 absorbs transverse forces, which are due to installation tolerances. A linear movement in the printing cylinder 24 and in the linear generator 18 on exactly one axis is only theoretically possible.
• FIG. 3 shows the counterclockwise operating cycle following the work cycle described above.
• the controller 14 closes the open ports 44, 50 and opens the closed ports 46, 48 so that an oppositely directed piston force - F stroke and movement of the piston 26 to the left results. This results in a voltage pulse with the opposite sign.
• the two work cycles described above are completely independent of each other (in particular in terms of time), so there is no predetermined periodic clock sequence provided as in known multi-stroke engines. Rather, a single work cycle is initiated depending on the situation, i. only if certain criteria are met (in particular a sufficient pressure of the working medium), the controller 14 by opening or closing of the terminals 44, 46, 48, 50 provides for the performance of a power stroke. Which of the two working strokes (normal or opposite) is performed depends on the current position of the piston 26.
• piston stroke and area of the piston-cylinder unit 16 and the dimensions of the magnet 20 and the coil 22 of the linear generator 18 are matched.
• amount of energy transferred and the total energy transfer efficiency has been shown that a piston-cylinder unit 16 with a relatively large stroke (Langhubzylinder) is best suited.
• Disconnection lossless rotation generator such.
• the RMT generator can be simulated, provides that a rotor of the rotation generator at each stroke in the printing cylinder (24) performs a 180 ° rotation and remains in this position until the counter-clocked cycle carried out due to a satisfied process criterion and the rotor then either until
• the control of the thermodynamic cycle and the single-ended motor with a variety of suitable sensors (pressure, temperature, level sensors, etc.) and the controller 14, which may have a plurality of subordinate control devices.
• the controller 14 continuously monitors the overall situation, taking into account all relevant process variables (thermal energy supply, pressure and temperature of the working medium and the environment, levels, etc). To achieve optimum overall efficiency, the controller 14 performs various process controls, such as fill level settings, fluid flow rates, power amount / expansion volume of a power stroke, clock frequency, clock stroke size, clock duration, etc. Under certain circumstances, the controller 14 may Completely suspend the energy conversion process if, based on the sensor data, this can be expected to result in a higher overall energy conversion efficiency.
• HCarnot 1 - ToUT / " HN, with T
• N Temperature of the working fluid in the heat reservoir higher
• a reduction in the flow rate of the working medium in the solar panels caused by the controller 14 leads to higher T
• thermodynamic part 10 of the system heated / vaporized working fluid over a longer period (between) can be stored.
• This is particularly useful in the case of uneven thermal energy supply (eg changing sunlight) and allows in a certain frame independent of the period of thermal energy supply energy conversion without significant deterioration in efficiency. In this way, in particular minimum starting quantities can be ensured so as to allow a clocking of the printing cylinder over a minimum period.
• a development of the thermodynamic part 10 of the system provides for the use of multiple working media (coolant) with different boiling temperatures.
• the different ones Boiling temperatures of the coolant make it possible, depending on the currently maximum achievable medium temperature, to use the coolant or the mixture of two (or more) coolants with which the highest efficiency is currently achieved in the thermodynamic cycle.
• a suitable for a Kalina cycle process mixture can be used, for example, an ammonia-water mixture. If necessary, to separate coolant mixtures again, a separation stage in the condenser 38 is provided in this case.
• thermo energy sources e.g., thermal source
• suitable heat exchanger 34 the otherwise unused waste heat of technical equipment or plants can be utilized.
• the conversion of the irregular voltage pulses generated by the linear generator 18 in a suitable for feeding into a power supply AC voltage is effected in that each individual voltage pulse is transformed directly into a mains-synchronous AC voltage.
• a direct coupling of the output of the linear generator 18 with the input of an inverter 54 is provided.
• a filter and rectifier unit 56 indicated, which is used in an alternative embodiment explained later. Requirements for this type of conversion are:
• the voltage pulses are (clearly) longer than the reciprocal of the power frequency to be generated and move in a voltage range, which requires the inverter 54 as an input voltage.
• the power supply network to be fed must be able to absorb sporadically generated network power. This type of voltage conversion is therefore not suitable for self-sufficient power supply systems in its simple form.
• the inverter 54 used generates in a wide input voltage range even with rapidly changing input power output power with constant, mains-synchronous AC voltage with high efficiency. If the input voltage is missing or too low, the inverter 54 suspends the conversion. As soon as the input voltage has again exceeded a threshold value, the inverter 54 continues its work and instantly restores the mains-synchronous AC voltage (with low losses) to the grid.
• idle times of a generator or fluctuations in the grid feed can be at least partially compensated by an arrangement of multiple generators having staggered power strokes.
• the generators can either form alternator-inverter pairs in parallel with one inverter at a time, or they can all be cost-effectively coupled to the same inverter, but this leads to lower efficiency.
• a number of voltage pulses per unit time dependent on the currently prevailing power throughput is output.
• the output of the linear generator 18 is coupled to the input of an inverter 54 via a filter and rectifier unit 56, which converts the pulses into DC voltage usable by the inverter 54.
• the output of the inverter 54 is coupled to the power supply network to be fed, so that the inverter 54 continuously converts into a suitable for feeding into the power grid AC voltage.
• the filter and rectifier unit 56 which converts the pulses in usable for the inverter 54 DC voltage is dimensioned so that it is the resulting minimum energy throughputs converts low frequency of voltage pulses into a DC level that the inverter 54 can convert into a suitable for feeding into the power grid AC without further significant losses or interruptions.
• Linear generator 18 here is not coupled to an inverter for a power grid but to a generator of suitable battery charging voltages and currents (charger) 60, e.g. for lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium batteries for automobiles.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2006
  • 2006-11-29 DE DE102006056349A patent/DE102006056349A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-11-29 AU AU2007324873A patent/AU2007324873A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-11-29 CA CA002673826A patent/CA2673826A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-11-29 US US12/517,035 patent/US8432047B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-11-29 RU RU2009124482/06A patent/RU2444633C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-11-29 CN CN2007800443864A patent/CN101583776B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-11-29 WO PCT/EP2007/010368 patent/WO2008064889A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-11-29 EP EP07846893A patent/EP2100007A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-11-29 KR KR1020097013613A patent/KR20090110891A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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