US3105153A - Free-piston generator of electric current - Google Patents

Free-piston generator of electric current Download PDF

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US3105153A
US3105153A US47686A US4768660A US3105153A US 3105153 A US3105153 A US 3105153A US 47686 A US47686 A US 47686A US 4768660 A US4768660 A US 4768660A US 3105153 A US3105153 A US 3105153A
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cylinder
piston
electric current
free
generator
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US47686A
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Jr Ralph James
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
    • H02K7/1876—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts
    • H02K7/1884—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts structurally associated with free piston engines

Definitions

  • the invention to be described herein provides the art with a small, compact reciprocating free-piston type electric power generator which has only one moving part, the reciprocating piston. Piston shafts, piston synchronizing linkages, slip rings, and various other elements which are necessary in currently utilized electric current generating units are eliminated by this invention.
  • This invention is simple and compact, hence, can be made at relatively low cost.
  • the structure is also such that a complete overhaul of the generator can be made simply, quickly, and cheaply.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional elevational view showing a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
  • the new generator of electric current includes a cylinder 10 having a combustion chamber 12.
  • a free-piston 14 is disposed within the chamber 12 for reciprocating motion within the'cham-ber 12.
  • Upper and lower piston rings 16 are mounted about the outer periphery of the solid piston 14.
  • a portion of the piston 14 is provided with permanent magnetic material.
  • the permanent magnets 24 and 26 are provided within the piston 14 and extending transversely across said piston.
  • An upper air-fuel mixture inlet 28 and an upper exmixture inlet 32 and a lower exhaust 34 are provided within the cylinder all ⁇ .
  • the air-fuel mixture is fed into the chamber 12 through inlet 28.
  • the mixture Upon upward movement of the piston 14, the mixture is compressed and exploded to move the piston 14 downwardly.
  • the exploded gases are exhausted through exhaust 30.
  • the piston 14 As the piston 14 moves downwardly, it compresses the air-fuel mixture which has previously been fed into the lower portion of the chamber 12 through inlet 32. These gases are compressed and exploded to move the piston upwardly again with exhaust gases going out of the exhaust 34.
  • the cycle is continuously repeated.
  • Valves are provided in inlets 28 and 32 and outlets 3t and 34 to provide proper timing for the feeding of the air-fuel mixture to the chamber at the proper time. These valves (not shown) are conventional and well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Annular recesses 36 are formed within the inside wall of the cylinder 10 and extend outwardly from the chamber 12. Recesses 36 extend into the laminated metal 38. The lamina-ted metal portions are held together by bolts 40 and nuts 44. The laminations provide for temperature control, and provide high permeability magnetic flux paths.
  • each of the recesses 36 Mounted within each of the recesses 36 are insulated coil windings 48. These windings can be arranged in series. Grooves or holes 39 may be formed through the lam-inations 3-8 to receive wires for connecting the coil windings 48 in series.
  • annular insulating insert 50 is inserted in the entrance of each recess 36.
  • the inserts Sit are made of a high heat resistant material such as ceramic, quartz, or epoxy.
  • the inserts Stl are primarily to provide smooth inner walls to avoid piston ring snagging.
  • the inserts also serve to protect the coils against products of combustion, oil, etc., as well as provide some insulation from heat.
  • the alternating current output is conducted from the reciprocating electric current generator by means of conducting lines 52 and 54.
  • the lower extremity of the cylinder 10 is provided with a cylinder head 56.
  • the cylinder head 56 is detachably secured to the cylinder '10 by means of bolts 53.
  • the alternate injection of the air-fuel mixture into inlets 28 and 32 is controlled to reciprocate piston 14 within the chamber 12 at a constant speed.
  • the movement of the permanent magnets 24- and 26 through the magnetic flux caused by the coil 43 cuts through this flux and generates an alternating current which corresponds in frequency to the frequency of the reciprocating movement of the piston 14.
  • the resulting alternating current is fed through lines 52 and 54' to the point at which the current is needed.
  • the cylinder 10 may be provided with cross members 74 and 76.
  • Cross members 74 and 76 are mounted within weighted springs 78 and 80, respectively, which are supported by thesupport members 82 and 84, respectively.
  • the springs 78 and 30 are tuned dynamic vibration absorbers designed to reduce or eliminate the vertical oscillations of the cylinder.
  • a generator of electric current comprising: a cylinder; induced current coils mounted in recesses formed in the inside perimeter of said cylinder; a free piston of uniform diameter throughout its length and having permanent magnetic material adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder whereby induced currents are generated by the displacement of the piston; a pair of inlets in said cylinder for the introduction into said cylinder of an explosive fluid mixture, said inlets being located-so that fluid mixture exploded in the cylinder impinges upon each end of the piston; and a pair of exhausts in said cylinder.
  • a generator of electric current comprising: a cylinder; induced current coils mounted in recesses formed in the inside perimeter of said cylinder; a free piston of uniform diameter throughout its lengthiand having a transverse portion of permanent magnetic material adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder whereby induced currents are generated by the displacement of the piston; a pair of inlets in said cylinder for the introduction into said cylinder of an explosive fluid mixture, said inlets being located so that fluid mixture exploded in the cylinder impinges upon each end of the piston; and a pair of exhausts in said cylinder.
  • a generator of electric current comprising: a cylinder having annular recesses formed in the inside Wall thereof, said recesses extending outwardly from the chamber of the cylinder; induced current coils mounted in said recesses; an annular insulating insert of heat resistant material inserted in the entrance of each recess to protect the induced current coils from the heat in the chamberyand a free piston of uniform diameter through- 1 out its length and having permanent magnetic material adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder whereby induced currents are generated by the displacement of the piston; a pair of inlets in said cylinder for the introduction into said cylinder of an explosive fluid mixture, said inlets being located so that fluid mixture exploded in the cylinder impinges upon each end of the piston; and a pair of exhausts in said cylinder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Description

Sept. 24, 1963 R. JAMES, JR
FREE-PISTON GENERATOR OF ELECTRIC CURRENT 1 i EMAggETS i Filed Aug. 5, 1960 WEIGHT CERAMIC INSERTS LAMINATED METAL INVENTOR.
RALPH JAMES, JR.,
BY MJL 27M ATTORNE Y.
United States Patent 3,105,153 FREE-HSTON GENERATGR (3F nrnornro CURRENT Ralph James, Jr., Channelview, Tex, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Esso Research and Engineering Company, Elizabeth, N.J., a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 5, 1960, Ser. No. 47,686 3 Claims. (Cl. 290--l) This invention relates to generators of electric current and particularly to a free-piston reciprocating engine in which current is generated directly by the reciprocation of a freely moving piston actuated by the expansion of a fluid.
Because of its high thermal eificiency, a number of free-piston power generation stations have been constructed. Some of these power generation stations include therein a reciprocating member having appropriate means for generating an electric current. However, all of the previous reciprocating free-piston type power generating devices have been bulky and/or have included a plurality of moving parts. For many applications requiring the generation of electric power, it is highly desirable that the power unit be as small and compact as possible. One example of such an application is the power for a unit air conditioner. Many other applications requiring small and compact units with a minimum number of moving parts can be mentioned.
The invention to be described herein provides the art with a small, compact reciprocating free-piston type electric power generator which has only one moving part, the reciprocating piston. Piston shafts, piston synchronizing linkages, slip rings, and various other elements which are necessary in currently utilized electric current generating units are eliminated by this invention. This invention is simple and compact, hence, can be made at relatively low cost. The structure is also such that a complete overhaul of the generator can be made simply, quickly, and cheaply.
The invention as well as its many advantages will be further understood by reference to the following detailed description and drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional elevational view showing a preferred embodiment of the invention, and
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
Referring to the drawing, the new generator of electric current includes a cylinder 10 having a combustion chamber 12. A free-piston 14 is disposed within the chamber 12 for reciprocating motion within the'cham-ber 12. Upper and lower piston rings 16 are mounted about the outer periphery of the solid piston 14. A portion of the piston 14 is provided with permanent magnetic material. To this end, the permanent magnets 24 and 26 are provided within the piston 14 and extending transversely across said piston.
An upper air-fuel mixture inlet 28 and an upper exmixture inlet 32 and a lower exhaust 34 are provided within the cylinder all}. The air-fuel mixture is fed into the chamber 12 through inlet 28. Upon upward movement of the piston 14, the mixture is compressed and exploded to move the piston 14 downwardly. The exploded gases are exhausted through exhaust 30. As the piston 14 moves downwardly, it compresses the air-fuel mixture which has previously been fed into the lower portion of the chamber 12 through inlet 32. These gases are compressed and exploded to move the piston upwardly again with exhaust gases going out of the exhaust 34. The cycle is continuously repeated. Valves are provided in inlets 28 and 32 and outlets 3t and 34 to provide proper timing for the feeding of the air-fuel mixture to the chamber at the proper time. These valves (not shown) are conventional and well known to those skilled in the art.
Annular recesses 36 are formed within the inside wall of the cylinder 10 and extend outwardly from the chamber 12. Recesses 36 extend into the laminated metal 38. The lamina-ted metal portions are held together by bolts 40 and nuts 44. The laminations provide for temperature control, and provide high permeability magnetic flux paths.
Mounted within each of the recesses 36 are insulated coil windings 48. These windings can be arranged in series. Grooves or holes 39 may be formed through the lam-inations 3-8 to receive wires for connecting the coil windings 48 in series.
An annular insulating insert 50 is inserted in the entrance of each recess 36. The inserts Sit are made of a high heat resistant material such as ceramic, quartz, or epoxy. The inserts Stl are primarily to provide smooth inner walls to avoid piston ring snagging. The inserts also serve to protect the coils against products of combustion, oil, etc., as well as provide some insulation from heat. The alternating current output is conducted from the reciprocating electric current generator by means of conducting lines 52 and 54.
The lower extremity of the cylinder 10 is provided with a cylinder head 56. The cylinder head 56 is detachably secured to the cylinder '10 by means of bolts 53.
An upper pressure transducer 62 and a lower pressure transducer 64 are provided in the upper portion of the cylinder 10* and the cylinder head 56, respectively. Ports as and 68 provide for passage of pressure from the upper part of chamber 12 and the lower part of chamber 12 to the pressure transducers 62 and 64, respectively. As the pressure within the chamber 12 increases due to the approach of the piston =14 toward a particular pressure transducer, a particular pressure is reached and sensed by the transducer to generate an electric signal to trigger a spark plug 70, located in the upper portion of the cylinder 10, or 72, located in the lower portion of cylinder 10.
in operation, the alternate injection of the air-fuel mixture into inlets 28 and 32 is controlled to reciprocate piston 14 within the chamber 12 at a constant speed. The movement of the permanent magnets 24- and 26 through the magnetic flux caused by the coil 43 cuts through this flux and generates an alternating current which corresponds in frequency to the frequency of the reciprocating movement of the piston 14. The resulting alternating current is fed through lines 52 and 54' to the point at which the current is needed.
In order to substantially eliminate vertical oscillations of the cylinder caused by the reciprocating movement of the piston, the cylinder 10 may be provided with cross members 74 and 76. Cross members 74 and 76 are mounted within weighted springs 78 and 80, respectively, which are supported by thesupport members 82 and 84, respectively. The springs 78 and 30 are tuned dynamic vibration absorbers designed to reduce or eliminate the vertical oscillations of the cylinder.
When it is desired to overhaul this invention, it is only necessary that the bolts 53 be removed, the cylinder head 56 removed, and the piston 14 taken out of the chamber 12. After the overhauling operations, the piston is simply inserted in the chamber 1 2 and the head 56 replaced and the generator of electric current is ready for reuse.
I claim:
1. A generator of electric current comprising: a cylinder; induced current coils mounted in recesses formed in the inside perimeter of said cylinder; a free piston of uniform diameter throughout its length and having permanent magnetic material adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder whereby induced currents are generated by the displacement of the piston; a pair of inlets in said cylinder for the introduction into said cylinder of an explosive fluid mixture, said inlets being located-so that fluid mixture exploded in the cylinder impinges upon each end of the piston; and a pair of exhausts in said cylinder.
2. A generator of electric current comprising: a cylinder; induced current coils mounted in recesses formed in the inside perimeter of said cylinder; a free piston of uniform diameter throughout its lengthiand having a transverse portion of permanent magnetic material adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder whereby induced currents are generated by the displacement of the piston; a pair of inlets in said cylinder for the introduction into said cylinder of an explosive fluid mixture, said inlets being located so that fluid mixture exploded in the cylinder impinges upon each end of the piston; and a pair of exhausts in said cylinder.
3. A generator of electric current comprising: a cylinder having annular recesses formed in the inside Wall thereof, said recesses extending outwardly from the chamber of the cylinder; induced current coils mounted in said recesses; an annular insulating insert of heat resistant material inserted in the entrance of each recess to protect the induced current coils from the heat in the chamberyand a free piston of uniform diameter through- 1 out its length and having permanent magnetic material adapted to reciprocate within the cylinder whereby induced currents are generated by the displacement of the piston; a pair of inlets in said cylinder for the introduction into said cylinder of an explosive fluid mixture, said inlets being located so that fluid mixture exploded in the cylinder impinges upon each end of the piston; and a pair of exhausts in said cylinder.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Publication, Linear Rate Generator, by Stauder, A.I.E.E., Conference Paper No. 58-79, May 7, 1958.

Claims (1)

1. A GENERATOR OF ELECTRIC CURRENT COMPRISING: A CYLINDER; INDUCED CURRENT COILS MOUNTED IN RECESSES FORMED IN THE INSIDE PERIMETER OF SAID CYLINDER; A FREE PISTON OF UNIFORM DIAMETER THROUGHOUT ITS LENGTH AND HAVING PERMANENT MAGNETIC MATERIAL ADAPTED TO RECIPROCATE WITHIN THE CYLINDER WHEREBY INDUCED CURRENTS ARE GENERATED BY THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE PISTON; A PAIR OF INLETS IN SAID CYLINDER FOR THE INTRODUCTION INTO SAID CYLINDER OF AN EXPLOSIVE FLUID MIXTURE, SAID INLETS BEING LOCATED SO THAT FLUID MIXTURE EXPLODED IN THE CYLINDER IMPINGES UPON EACH END OF THE PISTON; AND A PAIR OF EXHAUSTS IN SAID CYLINDER.
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Cited By (62)

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US3175094A (en) * 1962-05-24 1965-03-23 Guerin Engineering Inc Electrohydraulic actuator
US3206609A (en) * 1962-04-09 1965-09-14 Herbert G Dawes Reciprocating engine-generator
US3234395A (en) * 1962-02-01 1966-02-08 Richard M Colgate Free piston electrical generator
US3247406A (en) * 1961-10-03 1966-04-19 Toesca Rene Antoine Michel Electromechanical energy converting device
US3249097A (en) * 1962-01-15 1966-05-03 Arthur S King Internal combustion engine
US3258618A (en) * 1966-06-28 Magnetohydrodynamic internal combustion electric generator
US3270218A (en) * 1963-08-27 1966-08-30 Indiana General Corp Fluxmeter-galvanometer calibration test device
US3326087A (en) * 1963-03-01 1967-06-20 Teves Kg Alfred Hydraulic control system
US3448305A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-06-03 Aquitaine Petrole Apparatus for producing and utilising electrical energy for use in drilling operations
US3465161A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-09-02 Harold C Cutkosky Reciprocating internal combustion electric generator
US3504320A (en) * 1967-11-30 1970-03-31 Ebauches Sa Linearly acting current force transducer
US3510703A (en) * 1968-04-01 1970-05-05 Hermann Klaue Electric generator
US3827410A (en) * 1971-12-13 1974-08-06 S Fredin Method for accomplishing a high driving force at a combustion gas driven impact device and an impact device for carrying out of said method
US3942913A (en) * 1974-01-10 1976-03-09 Raymond Frank Bokelman Rotating cylinder wheel and ball-piston wheel motor, generator, and pump assembly
DE2556250A1 (en) * 1974-12-17 1976-07-01 Gen Electric ELECTRIC RESET GENERATOR
US4218624A (en) * 1977-05-31 1980-08-19 Schiavone Edward L Electrical vehicle and method
US4270054A (en) * 1980-04-25 1981-05-26 Dowd Norton W Power plant
FR2503253A1 (en) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-08 Vallon Roger POWER GENERATOR OF MEDIUM POWER WITH FREE PISTON
US4389849A (en) * 1981-10-02 1983-06-28 Beggs James M Administrator Of Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler
US4392457A (en) * 1980-12-31 1983-07-12 Martin Jesse J Combustion and electric engine
US4454426A (en) * 1981-08-17 1984-06-12 New Process Industries, Inc. Linear electromagnetic machine
US4484082A (en) * 1980-10-15 1984-11-20 Bucknam Donald C Power plant and process utilizing gravitational force
US4500827A (en) * 1984-06-11 1985-02-19 Merritt Thomas D Linear reciprocating electrical generator
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US4649283A (en) * 1985-08-20 1987-03-10 Sunpower, Inc. Multi-phase linear alternator driven by free-piston Stirling engine
US4862021A (en) * 1987-12-10 1989-08-29 Larocca Edward W Explosively driven power supply
US5038061A (en) * 1990-05-25 1991-08-06 Olsen John H Linear actuator/motor
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US5459360A (en) * 1994-01-14 1995-10-17 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Piston-mounted power generator, especially for telemetry systems
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US5727639A (en) * 1996-03-11 1998-03-17 Lee Matherne Pile driving hammer improvement
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US6109222A (en) * 1997-11-24 2000-08-29 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Miniature reciprocating combustion-driven machinery
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US20090091138A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Electromagnetic engine
US20090091195A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Free piston electromagnetic engine
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US1544010A (en) * 1923-04-24 1925-06-30 L Air Liquide Soc Generator of electric current
US1785643A (en) * 1927-04-25 1930-12-16 Noack Walter Gustav Internal-combustion power plant
FR654895A (en) * 1928-05-26 1929-04-11 Alternator motor
US2402920A (en) * 1941-07-29 1946-06-25 Paul F Seibold Striking device
US2825863A (en) * 1954-10-18 1958-03-04 Krupen Philip Energizer

Cited By (107)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3258618A (en) * 1966-06-28 Magnetohydrodynamic internal combustion electric generator
US3247406A (en) * 1961-10-03 1966-04-19 Toesca Rene Antoine Michel Electromechanical energy converting device
US3249097A (en) * 1962-01-15 1966-05-03 Arthur S King Internal combustion engine
US3234395A (en) * 1962-02-01 1966-02-08 Richard M Colgate Free piston electrical generator
US3206609A (en) * 1962-04-09 1965-09-14 Herbert G Dawes Reciprocating engine-generator
US3175094A (en) * 1962-05-24 1965-03-23 Guerin Engineering Inc Electrohydraulic actuator
US3326087A (en) * 1963-03-01 1967-06-20 Teves Kg Alfred Hydraulic control system
US3270218A (en) * 1963-08-27 1966-08-30 Indiana General Corp Fluxmeter-galvanometer calibration test device
US3448305A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-06-03 Aquitaine Petrole Apparatus for producing and utilising electrical energy for use in drilling operations
US3465161A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-09-02 Harold C Cutkosky Reciprocating internal combustion electric generator
US3504320A (en) * 1967-11-30 1970-03-31 Ebauches Sa Linearly acting current force transducer
US3510703A (en) * 1968-04-01 1970-05-05 Hermann Klaue Electric generator
US3827410A (en) * 1971-12-13 1974-08-06 S Fredin Method for accomplishing a high driving force at a combustion gas driven impact device and an impact device for carrying out of said method
US3942913A (en) * 1974-01-10 1976-03-09 Raymond Frank Bokelman Rotating cylinder wheel and ball-piston wheel motor, generator, and pump assembly
DE2556250A1 (en) * 1974-12-17 1976-07-01 Gen Electric ELECTRIC RESET GENERATOR
US4218624A (en) * 1977-05-31 1980-08-19 Schiavone Edward L Electrical vehicle and method
US4270054A (en) * 1980-04-25 1981-05-26 Dowd Norton W Power plant
US4484082A (en) * 1980-10-15 1984-11-20 Bucknam Donald C Power plant and process utilizing gravitational force
US4392457A (en) * 1980-12-31 1983-07-12 Martin Jesse J Combustion and electric engine
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