EP2098314B1 - Procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication de corps coulés métalliques selon le procédé de fusion de métal léger - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication de corps coulés métalliques selon le procédé de fusion de métal léger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2098314B1
EP2098314B1 EP08004045A EP08004045A EP2098314B1 EP 2098314 B1 EP2098314 B1 EP 2098314B1 EP 08004045 A EP08004045 A EP 08004045A EP 08004045 A EP08004045 A EP 08004045A EP 2098314 B1 EP2098314 B1 EP 2098314B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating mantle
gas
heat transfer
burners
transfer gas
Prior art date
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Application number
EP08004045A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2098314A1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Rodehüser
Ulrich Steinrücken
Hans-Peter Nicolai
Dietmar Henneke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TiTAL GmbH
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TiTAL GmbH
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Priority to EP08004045A priority Critical patent/EP2098314B1/fr
Priority to PT08004045T priority patent/PT2098314E/pt
Priority to ES08004045T priority patent/ES2393415T3/es
Priority to PL08004045T priority patent/PL2098314T3/pl
Publication of EP2098314A1 publication Critical patent/EP2098314A1/fr
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Publication of EP2098314B1 publication Critical patent/EP2098314B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 6 for the production of metal castings by precision casting, in particular cast aluminum or aluminum-containing alloys.
  • Advantageous developments are specified in the subclaims.
  • a wax model is usually produced by an object to be cast, which is then coated with a ceramic shell. This can be done, for example, by immersing the wax model in suitable ceramic slip. In this case, different slips can be applied successively. Subsequently, the wax model is melted out, and fired the ceramic form. As a result, a porous mold is obtained, in which metallic melts can be cast. After solidification of the metallic melt, the mold is destroyed and the casting can be removed.
  • the method described above also allows the production of complex castings.
  • a disadvantage of the casting technique described is that the ceramic casting molds produced have a poor thermal conductivity and thus contribute to a relatively long and unregulated solidification time of the molten metal in the casting mold.
  • a relatively coarse-grained microstructure arises, which can lead to reduced mechanical properties.
  • the EP 1 076 118 A discloses a method and apparatus for producing directionally cured castings. It is envisaged to lower the cast body in a cooling bath to achieve a directional curing. The located above the cooling bath part of the mold is tempered with a heating chamber, which has electrical heating elements.
  • the casting mold and thus also the melt introduced into the casting mold are heated above the cooling liquid level by means of an electrical resistance heater in order to keep the filled molten metal liquid above the cooling liquid level.
  • an electrical resistance heater in order to keep the filled molten metal liquid above the cooling liquid level.
  • the system is flushed by means of a protective gas at overpressure. This requires a suitably closed container.
  • the method known from the prior art has drawbacks such that in the electrical resistance heating based on radiation, the desired temperature level for securely holding the molten metal above the level of the cooling liquid can be kept difficult or even not achieved if the plant dimensions go beyond a critical limit measure or the grape geometry is such that radiation dead inner areas arise, ie those areas of the mold, which are shielded by other mold areas of the radiated by the electrical resistance heating radiant heat.
  • This is a significant limitation of the process in terms of the size of the castings to be cast and their geometry given.
  • the injection of inert gas leads to an additional cooling effect.
  • This object is achieved with respect to the method by a method for producing a metal casting by the investment casting method, wherein the casting metal or alloy to be cast is poured into a ceramic mold with porous walls and the mold for cooling and solidification of the melt from one end Starting from constantly immersed in such a way in a coolant, that as the interface between the melt and already solidified metal solidifying front lags the coolant level, which is characterized in that the lying still above the coolant level region of the mold by means of a heat transfer gas to a temperature above the Solidus temperature of the metal or alloy to be cast is heated.
  • the heat transfer gas to be used in this case contains an exothermically oxidizable gas and oxygen.
  • Suitable exothermic oxidizable gases are, for example, hydrogen, gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethene, acetylene, or else carbon monoxide, and mixtures of these.
  • the heat transfer gas may contain other gases such as noble gases, halogenated hydrocarbons, ammonia, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur halides or mixtures thereof.
  • the further gases containing the heat gas can serve as protective or inert gases in order to prevent diffusion of hydrogen into the molten metal or the cast body.
  • the exothermic oxidizable gas contained in the heat transfer gas is directly oxidized within a heating hood, whereby the region of the casting mold located above the cooling liquid level is heated.
  • the heat carrier gas is removed from the heating hood together with possibly evaporated coolant constituents and fed to afterburning.
  • the exhaust gases resulting from the afterburning are fed to a heat exchanger which preheats at least part of the heat transfer gas to be supplied fresh to the heating hood.
  • the temperature is determined within the heating hood and used as a controlled variable for the content of exothermally oxidizable gas in the heat carrier gas or the content of other gases in the heat transfer gas.
  • the exothermic oxidizable gas is burned by burners in the course of a direct oxidation within the heating hood.
  • a heating hood has at least two burners or burner levels arranged one above the other. The individual burners can be controlled separately and can be clocked depending on the operating state of the heating hood. In addition, the combustion ratio (lambda) of the individual burners can be set differently.
  • the combustion ratio lambda a lower burner level ⁇ 1.0, the burners are thus operated with a substoichiometric gas / oxygen ratio, whereas the combustion ratio lambda the upper burner level> 1.0, ie the burner with be operated at a superstoichiometric gas / air ratio.
  • Such an embodiment of the method according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with afterburning of the exhaust gases discharged from the heating hood since, on the one hand, the surface of the coolant passing into contact with the heating hood is not oxidized due to the substoichiometric gas / oxygen ratio and, on the other hand, evaporating oxidizable constituents of the coolant bath in the Area of the upper, with a superstoichiometric gas / air ratio operated burner level directly oxidized in the course of combustion.
  • the exhaust gases discharged from the heating hood for further thermal utilization of a heat exchanger for preheating the heat transfer gas can be supplied.
  • a heating hood for carrying out a method according to the invention, which has an outer jacket, an insulating layer, burner and at least one outlet, wherein the burners burn a heat carrier gas containing exothermic oxidizable gas and the resulting exhaust gases are dissipatable via the at least one outlet, wherein the burners are arranged within the heating hood so that a substantially uniform heat distribution is ensured within the heating hood.
  • the burners are arranged in at least two levels within the heating hood.
  • the burners are each individually controllable.
  • individually controllable means that the burners can be switched on and off individually as well as with regard to the composition and the volume flow of the gas mixture supplied to them.
  • this is designed so that it can be integrated in a known from the prior art container for receiving a coolant in a precision casting process, for example by integration of the heating hood in the lid of such a container.
  • the heating hood according to the invention may have a post-combustion zone in which unburned constituents of the exothermically oxidizable gas reacted in the burners and / or any other gaseous constituents of the exhaust gas discharged from the heating hood are after-burned.
  • the post-combustion zone can either be located directly inside the heating hood or a separate post-combustion zone can be provided outside the heating hood.
  • gas inlets can be provided within the heating hood, via which further gases such as protective or inert gases can be introduced into the heating hood.
  • the exhaust gas for transmitting at least a portion of the thermal energy contained can be performed via a heat exchanger in one embodiment.
  • the waste heat can serve both for preheating the combustion air required in the burners, the exothermic oxidizable gas or the additional heating gas optionally supplied via the additional gas inlets further gases.
  • the entire gas flow does not necessarily have to be heated, but instead a bypass line can be provided for bypassing the heat exchanger.
  • the heating hood on mixing valves for adjusting a ratio between the gas passed through the heat exchanger and cold gas.
  • the heating hood according to the invention may also have temperature sensors for detecting the temperature within the heating hood.
  • the temperature sensor can pass a measurement signal corresponding to the temperature to a control device which controls the burners and / or the mixing valves for mixing cold and preheated gas as a function of the temperature determined in the heating hood.
  • Fig. 1 shows a heating hood 1 according to the invention for use in a precision casting process of the type described above.
  • the heating hood 1 has an outer jacket 2, which is equipped on the inside with a refractory insulating layer.
  • the outer shell 2 may be made of steel or other sufficiently temperature-resistant materials.
  • the refractory insulating layer 3 may be formed, for example, of a ceramic coating or Schamottausmautation.
  • the heating hood 1 according to the invention has burners 4, with which an exothermic oxidizable gas can be burned.
  • the burners 4 can in this case be arranged in two superimposed planes. In such an embodiment, the burners in the different levels can be operated with different combustion ratios lambda.
  • Fig. 2 shows a heating hood according to the invention, which is arranged within a coolant tank 13.
  • the heating hood is integrated into the lid 18 of the coolant tank.
  • the coolant tank 13 contains a coolant 15, which can be supplied or removed via inlet 14 and outlet 16.
  • the coolant tank 13 can have auxiliary connections 17, through which, for example, protective gas can be introduced into the coolant tank 13, or which can serve to ventilate the coolant tank 13.
  • the liquid level of the coolant 15 within the coolant tank 13 may be in the in Fig. 2 shown configuration through inlet 14 and outlet 16 are set so that the coolant level is flush with the lower edge of the heating hood.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a heating hood 1 according to the invention, which in addition to the burners 4 gas inlets 9, through which additional gases such as inert or protective gases can be introduced into the heating hood.
  • a post-combustion zone 5 is provided, to which a heat exchanger 7 is connected.
  • the gas mixture supplied to the burners 4 and / or the gas which can be introduced into the heating hood via the gas inlets 7 can be preheated.
  • the in Fig. 3 shown heating hood 1 temperature sensor 20, by means of which the temperature prevailing in the heating hood temperature can be determined.
  • a plurality of temperature sensors 20 are provided in different areas of the heating hood 1.
  • the temperature sensor 20 can be connected to a control unit which controls the burner 4 and / or mixing valves for adjusting the ratio of preheated by the heat exchanger 7 gas and cold gas and / or control valves for controlling the additional gas input depending on the temperature prevailing in the heating hood , As a result, an exact temperature control within the heating hood 1 according to the invention is possible.
  • the mold to be arranged in the heating hood is heated uniformly by means of a heat transfer gas, so that radiation-dead spaces are heated sufficiently.
  • the adjustable gas flow within the heating hood according to the invention ensures that any evaporating constituents of the coolant, which optionally have a reaction potential to the still liquid metal in the mold, are discharged as quickly as possible.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show further embodiments of the heating hood according to the invention in which the burner 4 can be aligned in a deviating from the horizontal orientation angle of 3 to 10 °. Likewise, it may be provided according to the invention, to arrange the burner tangentially to the hood center. Such a design of the heating hood according to the invention, a flow of the heat transfer gas is achieved within the heating hood, which contributes to a uniform heat distribution.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un corps moulé métallique selon un procédé de microfusion, le métal à couler ou l'alliage à couler étant versés dans un moule en céramique à parois poreuses et pour assurer le refroidissement et la solidification de la masse en fusion, le moule étant immergé de façon continue en commençant par une extrémité dans un agent réfrigérant, de telle sorte que le front de solidification se formant en tant que surface de délimitation entre la masse en fusion et le métal d'ores et déjà solidifié soit déphasé par rapport au niveau de l'agent réfrigérant, caractérisé en ce que la zone du moule se situant au-dessus du niveau de l'agent réfrigérant est chauffé à l'aide d'un gaz caloporteur à l'intérieur d'une hotte chauffante à une température supérieure à la température de solidification du métal ou de l'alliage à couler, le gaz caloporteur contenant de l'oxygène, ainsi qu'un gaz à oxydation exothermique.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, en tant que gaz à oxydation exothermique, le gaz caloporteur contenant un gaz choisi dans le groupe composé de l'hydrogène, d'hydrocarbures gazeux, de monoxyde de carbone ou de mélanges de ces derniers,
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, le gaz caloporteur contenant au moins un gaz supplémentaire du groupe composé des gaz rares, des hydrocarbures halogénés, du gaz d'ammoniaque, de l'azote, du dioxyde de carbone, des halogénures de soufre ou de mélanges de ces derniers.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, la zone du moule située encore au-dessus du niveau de l'agent réfrigérant étant chauffée à l'aide d'une hotte chauffante, dans laquelle le gaz à oxydation exotherme est oxydé de manière exotherme dans le gaz caloporteur.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, les produits gazeux de la réaction générés par l'oxydation exotherme étant prélevés de la hotte chauffante et amenés vers une postcombustion.
  6. Hotte chauffante pour la réalisation d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, comportant une enveloppe extérieure (2), une couche isolante (3), des brûleurs (4) et au moins une sortie (6), dans les brûleurs (4) un gaz caloporteur contenant un gaz à oxydation exotherme étant combustible et les gaz d'échappement produits à cet effet pouvant être évacués par l'intermédiaire de la sortie (6), les brûleurs (4) étant disposés à l'intérieur de la hotte chauffante (1) avec le critère de garantir une répartition homogène de la chaleur à l'intérieur de la hotte chauffante et que celle-ci comporte une zone de postcombustion (5) pour la postcombustion des gaz d'échappement évacués par la hotte chauffante (1).
  7. Hotte chauffante selon la revendication 6, les brûleurs (4) étant disposés sur au moins deux niveaux, à l'intérieur de la hotte chauffante (1).
  8. Hotte chauffante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, les brûleurs (4) étant individuellement pilotables.
  9. Hotte chauffante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, la hotte chauffante étant intégrée dans le couvercle d'un réservoir (13) destiné à recevoir un agent réfrigérant (15).
  10. Hotte chauffante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, à l'intérieur de la hotte chauffante étant prévues des entrées de gaz (9) par l'intermédiaire desquelles du gaz inerte peut être introduit dans la hotte chauffante.
  11. Hotte chauffante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, comportant un échangeur thermique (7) pour la transmission d'au moins une partie de l'énergie thermique contenue dans les gaz d'échappement évacués hors de la hotte chauffante (1) sur le gaz caloporteur.
  12. Hotte chauffante selon la revendication 11, un conduit de dérivation étant prévu pour contourner l'échangeur thermique.
  13. Hotte chauffante selon la revendication 12, des vannes mélangeuses étant prévues, à l'aide desquelles le rapport entre le gaz caloporteur dirigé par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur thermique (9) et du gaz caloporteur froid est réglable.
  14. Hotte chauffante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 13, comportant des sondes thermiques (20) pour capter la température à l'intérieur de la hotte chauffante (1).
  15. Hotte chauffante selon la revendication 14, les sondes thermiques (20) étant reliées à un dispositif de commande qui commande les brûleurs (4), ainsi que les vannes mélangeuses pour le réglage du rapport entre le gaz caloporteur dirigé par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur thermique (9) et du gaz caloporteur froid en fonction de la température définie à l'intérieur de la hotte chauffante (1) par les sondes thermiques (4).
EP08004045A 2008-03-05 2008-03-05 Procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication de corps coulés métalliques selon le procédé de fusion de métal léger Active EP2098314B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08004045A EP2098314B1 (fr) 2008-03-05 2008-03-05 Procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication de corps coulés métalliques selon le procédé de fusion de métal léger
PT08004045T PT2098314E (pt) 2008-03-05 2008-03-05 Processo e dispositivo para a produção de corpos fundidos metálicos de acordo com o processo de fundição de precisão
ES08004045T ES2393415T3 (es) 2008-03-05 2008-03-05 Procedimiento y dispositivo para la fabricación de cuerpos de fundición metálicos según el procedimiento de fundición de precisión
PL08004045T PL2098314T3 (pl) 2008-03-05 2008-03-05 Sposób i urządzenie do wytwarzania metalowych, odlewanych korpusów, według sposobu odlewania precyzyjnego

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08004045A EP2098314B1 (fr) 2008-03-05 2008-03-05 Procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication de corps coulés métalliques selon le procédé de fusion de métal léger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2098314A1 EP2098314A1 (fr) 2009-09-09
EP2098314B1 true EP2098314B1 (fr) 2012-09-19

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EP08004045A Active EP2098314B1 (fr) 2008-03-05 2008-03-05 Procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication de corps coulés métalliques selon le procédé de fusion de métal léger

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2098314B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2393415T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2098314T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2098314E (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3629079A1 (de) 1986-08-27 1988-03-03 Thyssen Industrie Verfahren zum vergiessen von gussstuecken nach dem feingussverfahren in eine keramische formschale
DE4216870C2 (de) 1992-05-22 1994-08-11 Titan Aluminium Feingus Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Gußkörpers nach dem Feingußverfahren
US6311760B1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2001-11-06 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Method and apparatus for casting directionally solidified article
US7448428B2 (en) * 2005-10-14 2008-11-11 Pcc Airfoils, Inc. Method of casting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT2098314E (pt) 2012-10-04
EP2098314A1 (fr) 2009-09-09
PL2098314T3 (pl) 2013-02-28
ES2393415T3 (es) 2012-12-21

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