Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
  • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
  • H02K1/148—Sectional cores
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
  • H02K15/022—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies with salient poles or claw-shaped poles
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
  • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine

Definitions

• Stator of a polyphase rotating electrical machine comprising such a stator and method for producing such a stator.
• the invention relates to a stator of a polyphase rotating electrical machine, a polyphase rotating electrical machine comprising such a stator and a method for producing such a stator.
• the invention has applications in the field of the automotive industry and, in particular, in the field of alternators and alternator-starters for motor vehicles.
• the rotating electrical machines are used, according to their design, either as an electric power generator, or as an electric motor, or as a reversible machine that can function both as a generator and as an engine.
• An electric current generator for example a polyphase alternator, makes it possible to transform a rotational movement of the inductor rotor, driven for example by a heat engine, into an electric current induced in the stator winding.
• an electric current applied to the winding of the stator of the electric machine makes it possible to drive in rotation, via the rotor shaft, a member mounted to rotate with the rotor shaft.
• the electric machine thus transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy.
• a typical example for a rotating electrical machine transforming a rotational movement into an electric current is the alternator that is used in motor vehicles to provide the electricity necessary for the operation of various organs installed on board the motor vehicle.
• a typical example for a rotating electrical machine transforming electrical energy into mechanical energy is the starter.
• the rotating electrical machine may be a reversible machine intended to serve, in the automotive field, as an alternator-starter, that is to say as a machine which, when operating in current generator mode, fills the function of the alternator while, when operating in electric motor mode, performs the function of a starter.
• an alternator or an alternator-starter operating in current generator mode the stator is an induced element and the rotor an inductive element.
• the stator is an inductive element and the rotor an induced element.
• the rotating electrical machines such as alternators and alternator-starters comprise a housing in at least two parts, called front bearing and rear bearing, carrying a stator surrounding a rotor secured to a rotor shaft, which carries at one of its ends.
• axial means a motion transmission member, such as a pulley or a gear, belonging to a motion transmission device intervening between the engine and the alternator or the alternator-starter.
• the rotor comprises at least one induction coil connected to a voltage regulator.
• the stator comprises a body carrying a winding composed of several phases, each comprising at least one winding, the outputs of which are electrically connected to a winding device. rectification for rectifying the alternating current produced in the phases of the stator, when the stator is an armature, in a direct current to recharge the battery and / or to supply the consumers of the onboard network of the motor vehicle.
• the rectifying device comprises for example a diode bridge.
• the inductor winding of the rotor can be fixed and be connected to the voltage regulator or, alternatively, be implanted in the rotor.
• the rotor shaft carries at its other axial end slip rings connected by wire bonds to the ends of the inductor winding. Brushes rub on the slip rings, these brushes belonging to a brush holder connected to the voltage regulator.
• the stator body is most often in the form of a bundle of plates to reduce eddy currents. These sheets comprise a plurality of notches which are aligned to form a plurality of axial grooves.
• the notches are of the closed or semi-closed type and, in this case, each of these notches has an opening which opens out at the inner periphery of the stator body. These notches are delimited alternately by teeth, two consecutive notches being separated by a tooth.
• stator windings of the stator winding are mounted in the slots, the number of which varies according to the applications and the number of phases.
• the stator comprises 36 notches.
• the windings are continuous-wire windings made, for example, undulated or nested in the notches around a plurality of teeth. With continuous wire windings, the filling rate of the notches by the windings is not as high as desired.
• the windings are bar coils having pins connected to each other by welding.
• each of the teeth is surrounded by a single coil.
• the advantage of polyphase rotating electrical machines over single-phase rotating electrical machines is that it is possible to reduce the ripple rate of the induced current and thus obtain a more stable voltage by increasing the number of phases.
• the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages presented above.
• the object of the invention is achieved with a stator of a polyphase rotating electrical machine, each phase comprising at least one winding, each winding comprising coils with several turns, the stator being provided with a body having an axial length and having internally a plurality of notches delimited by teeth each tooth is surrounded by a coil.
• the stator body comprises two complementary annular parts each having a partial axial length, the teeth of the body being alternately integral with one or the other of the two parts of the stator body. Thanks to the design of the invention, it is possible to increase the filling rate of the notches while keeping a certain ease of realization of the windings.
• each of the two has only half of the teeth and thus has notches or spaces twice larger.
• These larger spaces between two consecutive teeth can be provided with coils wound in situ by conventional winding machines. Instead of having to load and unload the winding station an equal number of times to the number of teeth, for example twenty-eight times, it is only loaded and discharged twice.
• the coils of the same electrical circuit located on the same half stator can be made in continuity, which saves having to reconnect later these coils.
• the distribution or division of the stator body into two complementary concentric annular parts does not require forming two body parts of identical axial lengths, but includes the possibility, if for example design aspects of the rotating electrical machine were to make it advantageous, to form two body parts of different axial lengths.
• the teeth of the rotor body being distributed over two body parts so that they are alternately secured to one or the other of the two parts of the body, each of the two parts of the body is provided with whole teeth .
• the fixing of the windings on the teeth is independent of the axial length of each of the two parts of the rotor body. If the axial lengths of the two parts of the rotor body are equal to each other, then it is an advantageous but not necessary choice.
• stator Since polyphase rotating electrical machines can also be used as a current generator in the coils of an electromagnetic retarder, it is advantageous for the stator to be shaped to be in thermal contact with a water jacket which surrounds it. .
• stator of the invention may be shaped to be surrounded by at least one turn a water jacket conduit for water cooling of the stator.
• each of the two parts of the rotor body is shaped to form a corresponding half of a water jacket for water cooling of the stator.
• the object of the invention is also achieved with a method of producing a stator for a polyphase rotating electrical machine in which, after production, each phase comprises at least one winding and each winding comprises coils with several turns, the stator is then having a body having an axial length and internally having a plurality of notches delimited by teeth each of which is intended to be surrounded by a coil, the body comprising two complementary annular portions each having a partial axial length and being alternately secured both teeth.
• a polyphase rotating electrical machine is characterized in that it comprises a stator according to the invention.
• the method comprises the following steps: surrounding the teeth of the first part, then the teeth of the second part of the stator body of a coil and assembling the two parts of the stator body.
• the design of the invention makes it possible to make the stator of a rotating electrical machine with its windings in two parts and to assemble them next, which gives more particularly for the realization of the windings a sufficient space around of each of the teeth intended for to carry a winding while at the same time being able to obtain at the end a very high filling rate of the notches of the stator.
• the invention allows great flexibility in the implementation of notch insulators, if necessary.
• FIG. 1 represents an alternator with internal ventilation provided with a stator according to the invention
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of a stator according to the invention
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one of the two parts of a stator according to the invention
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the two parts of the body of a stator according to the invention, the parts being brought into axial alignment to be assembled
• Figure 5 is a perspective view of a coil mounted on its associated tooth, the notches being of the open type.
• FIG. 1 shows an alternator for a motor vehicle with internal ventilation equipped with two fans.
• This alternator comprises, in the aforementioned manner, a body 1 for transmitting movements, in the form of a pulley, belonging to a device for transmitting motion, not shown in FIG. 1, intervening between the engine of the vehicle and the vehicle. alternator.
• This member 1 is traversed, in part, by a rotation shaft 2, which it is integral in rotation and whose axis of axial symmetry XX constitutes the axis of rotation of the machine.
• This rotating shaft 2 carries a rotor 4, for example a claw rotor, provided with at least one inductor winding also called excitation winding.
• the rotor 4 is surrounded by a wound stator 5 which comprises one or more windings per phase to constitute the induced winding.
• the rotor 4 is carried by a front bearing 8 and a rear bearing 6, both having at the axial ends a ball bearing carrying the rotation shaft 2.
• the X-X axis is also the axis of the rotor 4 and the stator 5.
• the bearings 6, 8 are of hollow form and interconnected by tie rods (not referenced) for forming a housing internally carrying the stator 5 according to the invention.
• the rear bearing 6 carries a brush holder (not referenced) whose brushes are adapted to rub on slip rings (not referenced) connected by wire links to the inductor winding or excitation winding (not visible) that includes the rotor 4 with claws between its two pole wheels 27, 29 each having teeth 45 axially imbricated.
• Magnetic poles are formed, at the rate of one pole per tooth 45 of the pole wheel, when the excitation coil of the rotor is electrically powered.
• Drilling zones 26 are provided in the base
• the alternator has two fans, a fan 9 at the front of the rotor and a fan 7 at the rear, both integral with the rotor.
• Another example of an alternator could comprise a single fan, generally the rear fan 7, which is more powerful than the front fan 9 placed on the side of the drive pulley 1.
• the stator comprises a body 50 integral with the openwork bearings 6, 8 for internal circulation of the air caused by the fans 7, 9.
• This body 50 carries a winding, described hereinafter, whose ends 51, 52, called buns, extend on either side of the body 50 of the stator 5.
• the alternator is cooled by circulation of a coolant, such as the cooling water of the engine of the vehicle.
• the casing has a chamber for circulating the cooling water.
• this chamber belongs to the hollow-shaped rear bearing closed at the front by a cover constituting the front bearing.
• the chamber can affect both bearings.
• a solution of the type described in document FR 2 793 083 may be adopted with gaskets.
• the stator body can define a cylindrical face of the chamber.
• the alternator is cooled by circulation of the cooling water of the engine and by circulation of the air.
• the housing can be in three parts, the body 50 of the stator being carried by an intermediate portion of the housing located between the front and rear bearings. This intermediate portion is then provided with the water circulation chamber, this chamber can, in one embodiment also affected one of the bearings.
• the alternator which alternatively is predictable and consists of an alternator-starter described for example in WO 01/69762 or in document FR A 2 745 444 to which we will refer.
• the body 50 of the stator is made here in the form of a packet of sheets to reduce the eddy currents.
• This body 50 and the stator 5 have an annular shape.
• These sheets have a plurality of notches 60 ( Figure 2, 5). These notches 60 are aligned to form a plurality of axial grooves.
• the notches 60 are in FIG. 2 of the semi-closed type, but may also be of the open type towards the inner periphery of the body 50 as can be seen in FIG. 5.
• This inner periphery delimits a cylindrical bore with the presence of a small gap between the inner periphery of the body 50 of the stator 5 and the outer periphery of the rotor 4 of ferromagnetic material and annular.
• the notches 60 have in both cases an opening at the inner periphery of the body 50, the opening being wider in FIG. 5 than that of FIG. 2. These notches 60 are thus open towards the inside and are delimited. alternately by teeth 61, that is to say, two consecutive teeth 61, 61 define a notch 60 and two consecutive notches 60, 60 are separated by a tooth 61.
• the body 50 is therefore simple to manufacture.
• the pole wheels each have eight teeth 45 and the body 50 of the stator has 28 teeth, the alternator having seven phases.
• the number of teeth 61 of the stator per phase is equal to half the number of teeth of each pole wheel of the claw rotor.
• the number of teeth per phase of the stator is equal to or double the number of teeth of a pole wheel.
• the teeth 61 have parallel edges 63, 62 (FIG. 3, 5). These teeth have a large width, a strip of material, called cylinder head, existing between the bottoms 64 of the notches 60 and the outer periphery of the body 50.
• FIG. 5 uses parallel edges 63, 62 for mounting preformed coils. Alternatively, it is possible to varnish winding directly on the teeth of the stator.
• the alternator or the alternator-starter is of the polyphase type and therefore comprises a winding comprising a plurality of phases, each phase comprising at least one winding.
• Each phase winding comprises (FIG. 5) a plurality of coils 70 made from a wire wound on several turns to form several turns.
• These turns 73 have a width 74 and a height 75.
• this output 72 is connected to another coil 70 so that the coils are connected in a cluster.
• the wires are of constant section and consist for example of a copper wire coated with enamel.
• Each coil surrounds a single tooth 60. This tooth can be split as shown in dashed lines in FIG.
• the son may be of circular section, rectangular section or consist of a flat type wire.
• each phase winding comprises coils 70 having turns of constant width.
• These coils 70 are mounted around the teeth 61 with parallel edges 62, 63.
• no notch insulation has been shown which could be interposed between the coils and the edges 62, 63 as well as the bottom 64 of the notch 60 to isolate the coils of the body 50 and avoid injuring the insulation thereof.
• Such an insulator is described for example in the document FR 2 890 798 to which reference will be made.
• notch 60 of the open type the coils may be mounted around a notch insulator threaded onto the concerned tooth and having a lower edge to retain the coil. This lower edge replaces the lower edge 161 of the semi-closed type tooth of FIG.
• FIG. 2 shows a stator body 50 according to the invention comprising two complementary annular portions 501, 502 each having a partial axial length L1, L2.
• the body 50 comprises, as indicated above, teeth 61 each of which is intended to carry a coil.
• Each of the teeth 61 has an axial length L corresponding to the axial length of the body 50.
• the sum of the two partial axial lengths L1, L2 of the two annular portions 501, 502 of the body 50 is therefore equal to the axial length L of the teeth 61 and of the body 50.
• the coils of the same phase located on the same part 501, 502 can be wound on the teeth 61 in continuity or mounted easily on the teeth 61 given the space left free by the absence the other part 502, 501.
• Figure 3 shows, in a schematic perspective view, the portion 501 of the body 50 of the stator 5 of the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows more particularly that the first portion 501 of the stator body has a partial length L1 while each of the teeth 61 has the total axial length L and that the teeth 61 protrude from the portion 501 of the body 50, in the direction of the axial length of the part 501, all in the same direction.
• the teeth 61 are in their final configuration, and this as well with regard to the dimensions of each of the teeth as the spacing between the teeth.
• FIG. 4 shows the two parts 501, 502 of the body 50 of the stator 5 axially aligned relative to one another and angularly offset in a manner that the two parts 501, 502 can be assembled to form the body 50 of the stator 5.
• the angular disposition of the two parts 501, 502 with respect to each other is determined so as to ensure, on the assembled body 50, a homogeneous distribution of teeth 61.
• FIG. 4 shows more particularly that the two parts 501, 502 of the body 50 of the stator 5 of the invention are formed in such a way that, when the two parts are facing each other and axially aligned, the corresponding teeth 61 of each of the two parts extend respectively to the other part.
• the two parts 501, 502 of the body 50 comprise alignment aids, also called polarizers, which are intended to ensure that the two parts are well oriented relative to one another. other at the time of assembly.
• alignment aids also called polarizers
• These polarizers are then formed on the two opposite edges of the two parts 501, 502 of the body 50 of the stator 5 and may have, for example, the form of axial notches formed in one of the two edges and corresponding tenons in the other edge.
• the two parts 501, 502 of the body 50 of the stator 5 are assembled together in one embodiment by means of screws. Alternatively the two parts 501, 502 are joined together by welding at their axial ends in contact with each other.
• parts 501, 502 can be assembled with each other using rivets. Alternatively the assembly is made by hooping. Rivets, tie rods, screws are advantageously located in the cylinder heads of parts 501, 502. In the figures the parts 501, 502 have the same axial length, but alternatively the lengths are different.
• stator of the rotating electrical machine alternatively belongs to a current generator in the coils of an electromagnetic retarder as described for example in document WO 2006/010863.
• This stator in general can be in contact with a water jacket that surrounds it.
• the length of the teeth may be less than the axial length L of the body 50 of the stator.
• the teeth may protrude axially from one of the parts of a length less than the axial length of the other part, so that the buns may have different length of coil heads. Thanks to this lower length of the teeth, it is possible to adjust the length of the buns 51, 52.
• One of the buns may have an axial length greater than that of the other bun.
• one of the buns protrudes more axially with respect to the corresponding axial end face of the body 50 than the other bun relative to the other face. axial end of the body 50 to reduce the operating noise of aeraulic origin.
• At least one buns does not overflow This bun is then covered and is protected by the breech of the body 50.
• the cooling of the stator is then performed in the aforementioned manner by a water jacket as described for example in the document FR A 2 793 083.
• the fan or fans 9 are axial action.
• teeth of one of the annular portions of the stator body may be of different lengths of the teeth of the other annular portion of the stator body.
• the teeth can be reported on each part 501, 502, reducing to a cylinder head, for example by a dovetail assembly. After mounting the teeth you can coil the coils or mount the coils on the teeth.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=37984109

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Citations (1)

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• 2006
  • 2006-12-22 FR FR0655842A patent/FR2910736B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-12-20 WO PCT/FR2007/052596 patent/WO2008087341A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-12-20 JP JP2009542170A patent/JP2010514406A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-12-20 CN CN200780047885.9A patent/CN101569076A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-12-20 EP EP07872006A patent/EP2095487A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-20 US US12/515,696 patent/US20100109471A1/en not_active Abandoned

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