EP2091030B1 - Robustes Auswerten eines Temperaturmesssignals mittels einer dynamischen Anpassung eines Rechenmodells - Google Patents

Robustes Auswerten eines Temperaturmesssignals mittels einer dynamischen Anpassung eines Rechenmodells Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2091030B1
EP2091030B1 EP08101644A EP08101644A EP2091030B1 EP 2091030 B1 EP2091030 B1 EP 2091030B1 EP 08101644 A EP08101644 A EP 08101644A EP 08101644 A EP08101644 A EP 08101644A EP 2091030 B1 EP2091030 B1 EP 2091030B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
temperature measurement
input
temp
output
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EP08101644A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2091030A1 (de
Inventor
Martin Fischer
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT08101644T priority Critical patent/ATE454685T1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE502008000303T priority patent/DE502008000303D1/de
Priority to DK08101644.6T priority patent/DK2091030T3/da
Priority to EP08101644A priority patent/EP2091030B1/de
Priority to PT08101644T priority patent/PT2091030E/pt
Priority to ES08101644T priority patent/ES2337960T3/es
Priority to CN200910134613.3A priority patent/CN101520936B/zh
Priority to US12/372,199 priority patent/US8188872B2/en
Publication of EP2091030A1 publication Critical patent/EP2091030A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G08B29/26—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by updating and storing reference thresholds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of evaluation of measurement signals of a temperature measuring device for the purpose of at least partially eliminating a thermal inertia, which are caused by one or more heat capacities, in particular in the case of strong temperature changes.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for evaluating a temperature measurement signal of a temperature measuring device using a computer model.
  • the present invention relates to a danger detector for outputting an alarm message as a function of a temperature detected within a monitoring area, the danger detector having a device of the type mentioned above.
  • the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium and to a program element which contain instructions for carrying out the method according to the invention for evaluating a temperature measurement signal of a temperature-measuring device.
  • Known thermal hazard detectors include at least one temperature sensor for detecting a temperature within a monitoring range.
  • the temperature sensor In order to ensure a fast response and thus meet the commercial standards EN54-5, UL521 and FM3210, the temperature sensor should be as free from surrounding thermal mass as possible.
  • thermal decoupling between the temperature sensor and adjacent thermal masses is limited in practice.
  • a spatial separation between the temperature sensor and adjacent thermal masses would require a relatively large cavity within a thermal hazard alarm.
  • this cavity should be well flowed through by the ambient air.
  • the temperature sensor should be located in the middle of the cavity.
  • a large cavity is not available due to space problems in the rule.
  • the effective space requirement of such a hazard detector would be very large. This would be unsatisfactory also from an aesthetic point of view.
  • thermal hazard alarm In order to improve the response of a thermal hazard alarm, it is also known to condition the primary temperature measurement signal of a temperature sensor with a view to a faster signal rise with larger temperature changes. As is known, this can be done in an evaluation logic of a thermal hazard alarm.
  • the evaluation logic often includes a thermal model of the temperature sensor and / or the housing of the danger detector. By an appropriate procedure involving inversion of this thermal model, the signal evaluation can be improved for faster response. In this case, a so-called. Virtual temperature is calculated, which then represents the alarm criterion for the thermal hazard detector.
  • GB 2209086 discloses a fire detector with a temperature sensor.
  • the present invention is based on the object of evaluating a temperature measurement signal by means of a computer model with regard to (a) to avoid or at least reduce false alarms and (b) to improve a short trip time for real alerts.
  • a device for evaluating a temperature measuring signal of a temperature measuring device which device is suitable in particular for evaluating a time-variable temperature measuring signal of a temperature measuring device of a danger detector.
  • the described apparatus comprises a modeling unit having (a) a first input for receiving an input signal indicative of the temperature measurement signal, (b) a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and (c) an output for outputting an output signal.
  • the output signal can be generated by means of a computer model stored in the modeling unit as a function of the input signal and the feedback signal.
  • the feedback signal depends directly or indirectly on the output signal.
  • the described evaluation device is based on the finding that unwanted artifacts can be avoided in the determination of a real temperature profile by dynamically adapting the calculation model in the course of the evaluation of a temperature profile primarily detected by the temperature measurement device.
  • Such artefacts may be, for example, unwanted overshoots, which may occur during a temperature evaluation by means of a conventional evaluation device without the use of a feedback signal, in particular with relatively abrupt temperature changes.
  • the described dynamic adaptation of the calculation model thus allows a robust tracking of the actual present room temperature.
  • the model settings of the computational model are changed on the basis of the duration of the temperature measurement or the duration of the temperature evaluation of dynamically acquired measured variables.
  • the calculated temperature signal is stabilized, so that the robustness of the danger detector is improved in particular under real, difficult environmental conditions, such as, for example, strongly fluctuating temperatures and / or strong flow velocities.
  • the input signal used by the evaluation unit is indicative of the temperature measurement signal. This may mean that the temperature measurement signal and the input signal are identical. Likewise, the input signal can also result from a gain, which is preferably linear, from the temperature measurement signal.
  • the calculation model has at least one model parameter whose value is determined by the feedback signal.
  • the at least one model parameter may reflect physical effects such as the magnitude of the thermal coupling between the temperature measuring device and the medium whose temperature is being measured.
  • the model parameter can also take into account the heat capacity or the thermal inertia of the temperature measuring device and / or other components of a hazard detector, which components are thermally coupled to the temperature measuring device.
  • a separate model parameter is used for each separate influence on the temperature measurement caused by physical effects. There is no principal upper limit with regard to the number of usable model parameters.
  • the computer model represents the inversion of a thermal model of the temperature measuring device.
  • the thermal model takes into account the heat capacity of the temperature measuring device, wherein the heat capacity may also be the thermal mass of a thermally coupled to the temperature measuring device housing.
  • the heat capacity naturally leads to a strong attenuation of the temperature measurement signal compared to the actual temperature change within a monitoring range of the thermal hazard alarm.
  • the heat capacity of other components such as holders for the temperature measuring device, the solder joints of the temperature measuring device and / or a housing of a hazard alarm can be taken into account, with which housing the temperature measuring device is thermally coupled.
  • the thermal model which describes the thermal response of the temperature measuring device with temperature changes, can be described for example by a first or higher order electrical low-pass filter.
  • a higher-order low-pass filter is a rear single-load circuit of a plurality of low-pass filters, the number of low-pass filters connected in series corresponding to the order.
  • the inversion of the thermal model represents a first or higher order electrical high pass.
  • overshoots can also be largely avoided even in the case of so-called step responses to an abrupt temperature change.
  • the alarm initiation can be kept simple without increasing the false alarm rate.
  • a criterion for alarm initiation could be, for example, by comparing the calculated temperature with a predetermined threshold.
  • thermal model which may be a high pass, depends in general terms on various parameters (P1, P2, P3, ). These are changed as a function of input variables and output variables (X1, X2, X3, ). In general terms, this can be represented as follows:
  • P1, P2, P3, ... are characteristic parameters of thermal model inversion, such as time constants or multiplication factors.
  • the characteristic parameters P1, P2, P3,... Can result from a linear combination of the measured variables X1, X2, X3,.
  • the parameters P1, P2, P3,... Can also result from the measured variables X1, X2, X3,... By means of a nonlinear function.
  • a threshold value decision can, for example, set the parameter P1 defining a characteristic time constant equal to 2 min as soon as the measured variable X1 has a temperature gradient of more than 5 K per second.
  • the device additionally comprises a slope calculation unit having (a) at least one input for directly or indirectly recording the output signal of the modeling unit and (b) an output for providing the feedback signal.
  • the slope calculation unit is set up in such a way that in that the feedback signal provided is indicative of the temporal change of the output signal.
  • the characteristic time constant (s) of the thermal model inversion is thus changed depending on the steepness of the output signal. This causes a reduction of the time constant for steep transients which thus results in a damping of the output signal.
  • the modeling unit thus represents an adaptive filter in this case, which is changed as a function of the transients of the output signal or of the calculated output temperature.
  • the device additionally comprises an output filter unit having (a) an input for receiving the output signal of the modeling unit, and (b) an output for outputting an evaluation signal.
  • the input of the output filter unit is connected to a first input of the slope calculation unit '.
  • the output of the output filter unit is connected to a second input of the slope calculation unit.
  • the output filter unit can be, for example, a low-pass filter and, in particular, a low-time constant low-pass filter. This can then interact with the slope calculation unit in such a way that the slope of the output signal of the modeling unit is ascertained virtually instantaneously.
  • the device additionally has a first summation unit, which is arranged between the output of the modeling unit and the input of the output filter unit.
  • the summation unit can ensure that a modified signal compared to the immediate output signal of the modeling unit is supplied to the input of the output filter unit.
  • a first input of the first summation unit can be connected directly to the output of the modeling unit.
  • a second input of the first summation unit can be supplied directly with the input signal of the modeling unit or the temperature measurement signal.
  • an input signal is provided with a negative sign for the signal addition by the first summation unit, so that the first summation unit can also be referred to as a subtraction unit.
  • the device additionally has a second summation unit and a multiplication unit, which are arranged between the output of the first summation unit and the input of the output filter unit.
  • the multiplication unit can be connected downstream of the first summation unit and multiply the output signal of the first summation unit by a specific multiplication factor.
  • the multiplication factor can be supplied via a special input by means of a suitable signal.
  • the multiplication factor can be adjusted at any time in a suitable manner.
  • the multiplied signal can then be supplied to a first input of the second summation unit.
  • a second input of the second summation unit, the input signal of the modeling unit or the temperature measurement signal can be supplied.
  • the output signal of the second summation unit adds an addition between the multiplied signal and the output signal of the multiplication unit on the one hand and the original temperature measurement signal on the other.
  • a hazard alarm for outputting an alarm message in response to a sensed temperature within a surveillance area.
  • the danger detector has (a) a temperature measuring device for detecting the temperature within the monitoring area and (b) a device of the type described above for evaluating a temperature measuring signal of the temperature measuring device.
  • the danger detector is based on the knowledge that the above-described evaluation device for evaluating the primary temperature measurement signal of the temperature measuring device can help to avoid unwanted artifacts such as overshoots in the attempt to determine the real temperature profile in the monitoring area.
  • the evaluation device is set up to dynamically adapt the respectively used calculation model in the course of an evaluation. Model settings of the computational model can be calculated on the basis of dynamically acquired measured variables online, i. be changed instantaneously.
  • the danger detector described may be a thermal or a so-called.
  • Combination detector which in addition to a thermal sensor input another, for example, has an optical sensor input.
  • the various sensor inputs can be suitably combined in the evaluation of the respective measured variables with regard to rapid and at the same time false-alarm-proof initiation of alarm messages.
  • a method for evaluating a time-varying temperature measurement signal of a temperature measuring device is specified.
  • the method is particularly suitable for evaluating a time variable temperature measuring signal of a temperature measuring device of a hazard detector.
  • the method comprises (a) receiving an input signal indicative of the temperature measurement signal from a first input of a modeling unit, (b) receiving a feedback signal from a second input of the modeling unit, and (c) outputting an output signal at a Output of the modeling unit.
  • the output signal is generated by means of a mathematical model stored in the modeling unit as a function of the input signal and the feedback signal. Furthermore, the feedback signal depends directly or indirectly on the output signal.
  • the analysis method described is also based on the knowledge that unwanted artifacts such as overshoots in the determination of a real temperature profile can be avoided by dynamically adapting the computer model in the course of the evaluation of the temperature profile primarily detected by the temperature measuring device.
  • the model settings of the computational model are changed based on the duration of the temperature measurement or the temperature evaluation of dynamically acquired measured variables. Apart from unavoidable running times of the measurement signals and / or of a required computing or evaluation time, the evaluation thus takes place instantaneously with the temperature measurement by the temperature measuring device.
  • a computer-readable storage medium in which a program for evaluating a time-varying temperature measurement signal of a temperature measuring device, in particular for evaluating a time-variable temperature measurement signal of a temperature measuring device of a danger detector is stored.
  • the program when executed by a processor, is set up to perform the above procedure.
  • a program element for evaluating a time-varying temperature measuring signal of a temperature measuring device in particular for evaluating a time-variable temperature measuring signal of a temperature measuring device of a danger detector, is described.
  • the program element when executed by a processor, is set up to perform the above procedure.
  • the program and / or program element may be implemented as a computer-readable instruction code in any suitable programming language such as JAVA, C ++, etc.
  • the program and / or the program element can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium (CD-ROM, DVD, removable drive, volatile or non-volatile memory, built-in memory / processor, etc.).
  • the instruction code may program a computer or other programmable device to perform the desired functions.
  • the program and / or the program element can be provided in a network, such as the Internet, from which it can be downloaded by a user as required.
  • the invention can be implemented either by means of a computer program, ie by means of software, or by means of one or more special electrical circuits, ie in hardware or in any hybrid form, ie by means of software components and hardware components.
  • FIG. 1 shows a thermal hazard detector 100, which has a NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistance temperature measuring device 102.
  • An output signal ntc_in the temperature measuring device 102 is supplied to an evaluation device 110.
  • the output signal ntc_in thus represents the input signal for the evaluation device 110.
  • the evaluation device 110 is set up in such a way that, in the case of a dangerous situation, a time increase of the output signal ntc_in is optimized with respect to the fastest possible triggering of the alarm and avoidance of artifacts that could lead to false alarms ,
  • a microprocessor 105 Downstream of the evaluation device 110 is a microprocessor 105 which checks the evaluation signal virtual_temp provided by the evaluation device 110 with regard to its relevance for a dangerous situation and, if necessary, initiates an alarm message.
  • the alarm message is acoustically via a microprocessor 105 downstream amplifier 107 and connected to the amplifier 107 speaker 108th
  • microprocessor 105 and the evaluation device 110 can also be realized by means of a common component, for example a microcontroller. The same applies to the microprocessor 105 and the amplifier 107.
  • the evaluation device 110 has an input 111 and an output 112.
  • the input 111 is supplied with the output signal ntc_in in the temperature measuring device 102.
  • the evaluation signal virtual_temp is provided.
  • the evaluation device 110 also has three components which are each connected to the input 111 via a suitable signaling line. How out FIG. 1 As can be seen, the input 111 of the evaluation device 110 is connected to a first input of a modeling unit 120. In addition, the input 111 is connected to the positive input 131 of a first summation unit 130 designed as a subtraction unit and to a first input 151 of a second summation unit 150.
  • a thermal model of the temperature measuring device 102 is stored.
  • the thermal model also takes into account thermal masses or heat capacities that are associated with the temperature measuring device 102 thermally coupled. This is especially true for a in FIG. 1 , not shown housing of the hazard detector 100th
  • this thermal inertia is described by a low-pass behavior.
  • This low-pass behavior is determined by at least one characteristic time constant, which represents an important parameter of the thermal model.
  • an output signal iir_model is supplied to the modeling unit 120 via an output 123 of the modeling unit 120 to a negative input 132 of the subtraction unit 130.
  • the modeling unit 120 is a low-pass filter.
  • the difference signal diff formed in the subtraction unit 130 between the input signal ntc_in and the output signal iir_model is then supplied via an output 133 of the subtraction unit 130 to an input 141 of a multiplication unit 140.
  • the difference signal diff is multiplied by a factor, which factor is calculated by means of a control signal factor_model via a control input 146 of the multiplication unit 140 is determined.
  • This multiplication factor can also be readjusted or corrected at any time during operation of the evaluation device 110.
  • the multiplied signal mult is supplied to a second input 152 of the second summation unit 150.
  • the multiplied signal mult is then added to the input signal ntc_in fed via the first input 151 of the second summation unit 150.
  • a summation signal pre_temp is formed, which represents the output signal of the second summation unit 150.
  • the output signal pre_temp is fed via an output 153 of the second summation unit 153 to an input 161 of an output filter unit 160.
  • the output filter unit 160 represents a low-pass filter.
  • the low-pass filter can be a low-pass filter of any order.
  • the low-pass converts the output signal pre_temp into a filtered evaluation signal virtual_temp, which is provided at an output 162 of the output filter unit 160.
  • the evaluation signal virtual_temp is supplied to the microprocessor 105 via the output 112 of the evaluation device 110.
  • the feedback of the evaluation signal virtual_temp to the modeling unit 120 is described, which makes the modeling unit 120 the adaptive filter:
  • the feedback takes place via a slope calculation unit 170.
  • the slope calculation unit 170 has (a) a first input 171, (b) a second input 172, to which the evaluation signal virtual_temp is supplied, and (c) an output 173.
  • the feedback signal slope determines the characteristic time constant of the model inversion.
  • the modeling unit 120 thus represents an adaptive filter which is changed as a function of the output transient.
  • the steepness of the evaluation signal virtual_temp is measured as the difference between the signal at the input 161 and the signal at the output 162 of the low-pass linear output filter 160.
  • the low pass of the output filter has a comparatively short time constant.
  • the difference signal can be compared in the modeling unit 120 with a threshold value. If the threshold is exceeded, the model's time constant is set to a shorter value. In this case, for example, a comparatively large time constant is selected when the feedback signal slope is small. If the feedback signal slope is comparatively large, then a smaller time constant is chosen for the thermal model currently used in the modeling unit 120. This dependence of the time constant used by the feedback signal slope thus represents an adaptive control in the evaluation of the output signal ntc_in the temperature measuring device 102.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a diagram 290 in an illustrative manner the characteristic behavior of the described evaluation device 110. It is based on a sudden temperature change from 5 ° Celsius to 50 ° Celsius in a monitored room.
  • the temperature measuring device 102 thus supplies as input signal ntc_in a corresponding spring response 291. This is attenuated as a result of the thermal mass of the temperature measuring device and shows the characteristic behavior of a second-order low-pass filter.
  • the reference numeral 292 is in FIG. 2 a standard implementation of a known evaluation device shown, which in comparison to the step response has a faster increase and thus would be suitable in principle for a quick alarm triggering. To avoid an extremely strong overshoot, the standard implementation has an artificial increase limit. Despite this increase in limitation, however, the evaluation signal 292 has an overshoot, which briefly rises above an alarm threshold 295 at about 90 s after the beginning of the abrupt temperature change and thus triggers a false alarm.
  • Reference numeral 293 is the temporal behavior of the evaluation signal virtual_temp in the FIG. 1 shown evaluation device 110 shown. It can be seen very nicely that the signal 293 as well as the evaluation signal 293 rises steeply. Thus, in the case of a thermally displayed danger situation as well as a timely alarm is possible. In addition, an overshoot is advantageously avoided in the signal 293 and the evaluation signal 293 is always sufficiently far from the alarm limit 295. Thus, an undesirable false alarm can be reliably avoided.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Indication And Recording Devices For Special Purposes And Tariff Metering Devices (AREA)
  • Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
EP08101644A 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Robustes Auswerten eines Temperaturmesssignals mittels einer dynamischen Anpassung eines Rechenmodells Active EP2091030B1 (de)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502008000303T DE502008000303D1 (de) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Robustes Auswerten eines Temperaturmesssignals mittels einer dynamischen Anpassung eines Rechenmodells
DK08101644.6T DK2091030T3 (da) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Robust fortolkning af et temperatursignal ved hjælp af en dynamisk tilpasning af en beregningsmodel
EP08101644A EP2091030B1 (de) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Robustes Auswerten eines Temperaturmesssignals mittels einer dynamischen Anpassung eines Rechenmodells
PT08101644T PT2091030E (pt) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Avaliação robusta de um sinal de medição de temperatura por meio de uma adaptação dinâmica de um modelo computacional
AT08101644T ATE454685T1 (de) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Robustes auswerten eines temperaturmesssignals mittels einer dynamischen anpassung eines rechenmodells
ES08101644T ES2337960T3 (es) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Evaluacion fiable de una señal de medicion de temperaturas mediante la adaptacion dinamica de un modelo matematico.
CN200910134613.3A CN101520936B (zh) 2008-02-15 2009-02-16 借助计算模型的动态调整鲁棒地分析温度测量信号
US12/372,199 US8188872B2 (en) 2008-02-15 2009-02-17 Robust evaluation of a temperature measurement signal by using a dynamic adaptation of a computational model

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08101644A EP2091030B1 (de) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Robustes Auswerten eines Temperaturmesssignals mittels einer dynamischen Anpassung eines Rechenmodells

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2091030A1 EP2091030A1 (de) 2009-08-19
EP2091030B1 true EP2091030B1 (de) 2010-01-06

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EP08101644A Active EP2091030B1 (de) 2008-02-15 2008-02-15 Robustes Auswerten eines Temperaturmesssignals mittels einer dynamischen Anpassung eines Rechenmodells

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US (1) US8188872B2 (es)
EP (1) EP2091030B1 (es)
CN (1) CN101520936B (es)
AT (1) ATE454685T1 (es)
DE (1) DE502008000303D1 (es)
DK (1) DK2091030T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2337960T3 (es)
PT (1) PT2091030E (es)

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US8044674B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-10-25 Infineon Technologies Ag Semiconductor device with thermal fault detection
US10204182B2 (en) * 2013-04-01 2019-02-12 Ademco, Inc. System for obtaining and classifying energy characteristics

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US4399428A (en) * 1978-03-02 1983-08-16 United Brands Company Thermostat
US4223385A (en) * 1978-09-21 1980-09-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Control of workpiece heating
JPS6455696A (en) * 1987-08-26 1989-03-02 Hochiki Co Fire judging device
JP3231887B2 (ja) * 1993-03-31 2001-11-26 能美防災株式会社 熱感知器
GB2278207B (en) * 1993-05-17 1996-05-15 Ea Tech Ltd Heating control apparatus
US5654904A (en) * 1994-05-18 1997-08-05 Micron Technology, Inc. Control and 3-dimensional simulation model of temperature variations in a rapid thermal processing machine
US5583780A (en) * 1994-12-30 1996-12-10 Kee; Robert J. Method and device for predicting wavelength dependent radiation influences in thermal systems
WO1997028669A1 (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Asm America, Inc. Model-based predictive control of thermal processing
US5712802A (en) * 1996-04-16 1998-01-27 General Electric Company Thermal protection of traction inverters
US6951998B2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2005-10-04 Omron Corporation Controller, temperature regulator and heat treatment apparatus
KR100944660B1 (ko) * 2001-12-26 2010-03-04 가부시키가이샤 고마쓰 세이사쿠쇼 열매체 유체를 이용해서 대상물의 온도를 조절하기 위한장치 및 방법
CN2606884Y (zh) * 2003-03-25 2004-03-17 首安工业消防股份有限公司 可进行温度实时监视模拟量线型感温探测器
CN200997084Y (zh) * 2006-12-28 2007-12-26 和舰科技(苏州)有限公司 一种反应室温度监控装置
CN201004189Y (zh) * 2007-01-29 2008-01-09 湖南工业职业技术学院 快速温升环保型波峰焊温控装置
EP1956460B1 (en) * 2007-02-08 2008-10-29 Nordiq Göteborg AG Heating system control based on required heating power

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US8188872B2 (en) 2012-05-29
PT2091030E (pt) 2010-03-08
DK2091030T3 (da) 2010-05-03
ATE454685T1 (de) 2010-01-15
ES2337960T3 (es) 2010-04-30
CN101520936A (zh) 2009-09-02
US20090207030A1 (en) 2009-08-20
DE502008000303D1 (de) 2010-02-25
CN101520936B (zh) 2013-04-24
EP2091030A1 (de) 2009-08-19

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