EP2089892B1 - Dispositif à commutateur de sécurité - Google Patents

Dispositif à commutateur de sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2089892B1
EP2089892B1 EP20070846559 EP07846559A EP2089892B1 EP 2089892 B1 EP2089892 B1 EP 2089892B1 EP 20070846559 EP20070846559 EP 20070846559 EP 07846559 A EP07846559 A EP 07846559A EP 2089892 B1 EP2089892 B1 EP 2089892B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
safety
circuit
safety switch
switch system
safety circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20070846559
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2089892A1 (fr
Inventor
Carl Meinherz
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Cedes AG
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Cedes AG
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Publication of EP2089892A1 publication Critical patent/EP2089892A1/fr
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Publication of EP2089892B1 publication Critical patent/EP2089892B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
    • H01H47/005—Safety control circuits therefor, e.g. chain of relays mutually monitoring each other

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety switch device according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for operating a safety switch device.
  • Such relays regularly include multiple contacts. At least one contact is mechanically connected to all the others to monitor the others. Normally, the monitoring contact is "normally closed” and the normally open contacts are “normally open”. "Normally open” or “normally closed” means that in the de-energized state, this switching position is taken, ie an open or closed position is present. The monitoring contact thus always has the opposite switching position as the working contacts.
  • a monitoring contact can be used to determine if the working circuit relay is working properly. If the normally open contacts are open, the monitoring contact must be closed. Certified re-ais are regularly used, which guarantees that the normally open contacts are open when the monitoring contact is closed, and vice versa. This allows a required security level, z. B. 4 realize.
  • Another embodiment is in the European patent specification EP 0 681 310 B1 described. Parallel to two connected in series. Relay is a monitoring circuit provided. A filter circuit decouples the monitoring circuit.
  • the DE 36 42 233 A1 discloses a safety switch device for switching on and off a power supply of a load with at least one controllable switching element and a safety circuit for checking a switching state of the element.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved way to reliably monitor relay without forced-guided "monitoring contact”.
  • the invention is initially based on a safety switch device for switching on and off a power supply of a load, which comprises at least one controllable switching element, in particular a relay and a safety circuit for checking a switching state of the switching element.
  • the switching element is designed as a changeover switch, such that a first contact with either a second or third contact by a switching operation of the switch is electrically connected.
  • a load circuit and a safety circuit can be realized as separately operating circuits. Because a "switch" can ensure that either the safety circuit or the load circuit is closed. If the safety circuit is closed, the load circuit must be open.
  • electrical Enzkopplungsmittel are provided to decouple the safety circuit from the power supply of the load, if the power supply is switched to the safety circuit. This is realized via capacitances, whereby a high-pass effect can be achieved, which filters out DC components, eg. B. Y1 or Y2 capacitors are used. Also, an optocoupler can be used.
  • two controllable switching elements connected in series are provided.
  • the respective first contacts in the series circuit are connected together.
  • the safety circuit is only closed when both switching elements connected in series have assumed a predetermined switching state. This measure can achieve a required level of security.
  • a complete decoupling of safety circuit and load circuit can take place by means of at least two switches connected in series. Because with the switch, both poles of a load circuit can be opened, whereas two poles of a safety circuit can be closed and vice versa, so that both circuits can be operated completely independently of each other.
  • the respective second contact with the safety circuit and the respective third contact with the load is electrically connected.
  • normally closed contacts of the safety circuit and the normally open contacts of the load can be assigned to the controllable peeling elements connected in series.
  • a safety circuit and connected first and third contacts a load circuit is closed.
  • the safety circuit comprises a transmitting part and an evaluation part.
  • the transmitting part is on a contact side of the at least one switching element and the Ausweenil on the arranged on the other contact side of the at least one switching element. If the at least one switching element is de-energized and the safety circuit is connected to the "normally closed” contacts, a signal sent by the transmitting part must be able to be detected by the evaluation part in the de-energized state. In this case, the "load contact" is open. If the signal is not received by the evaluation section, the switching element, eg a change-over relay, is defective. Preferably, a suitable measure is then initiated. For two switching elements connected in series, the check is carried out accordingly.
  • the safety circuit comprises an overvoltage protection. This is particularly preferred when the safety circuit is not galvanically decoupled from the load circuit.
  • both a transmitting part of the safety circuit and an evaluation part has corresponding decoupling means or such overvoltage protection.
  • overvoltage protection z.
  • a diode such as a Zener diode or a varistor are used.
  • a control circuit which is designed to check whether two series-connected switching elements are in the de-energized state in a switching position in which the switching elements close the safety circuit.
  • the "normally closed" contacts are connected to the security circuit. Switching to the other state is preferably performed only when the safety circuit detects a closed safety circuit by two closed switching elements. Otherwise, an error signal is preferably output and / or a suitable countermeasure initiated.
  • At least two series circuits of at least two controllable switching elements are provided.
  • Series connection is preferably understood to mean a series connection of switching contacts.
  • About the respective series circuit can z. B. switched a load.
  • each series connection can be checked.
  • each series connection is part of a separate safety circuit.
  • a load circuit is formed over each series circuit.
  • two series circuits of two controllable switching elements each form part of a single safety circuit.
  • a saving of components can also be achieved in that two parallel connected series circuits of at least two controllable switching elements for the formation of a safety circuit share a detection device.
  • the detection device it is preferred if currents with different strength are driven via the parallel series circuits, whereby the detection device must detect a predetermined current in a normal operation, provided that there is no fault. If there is a deviation of a given current, it can be concluded that z. B. in a branch a short circuit, or between the branches a short circuit has occurred.
  • each controllable switching element comprises an actuator. This makes it possible to achieve a great deal of freedom with regard to possible circuit variants.
  • an actuator in each case a controllable switching element of the first and second series circuit simultaneously.
  • FIGS. 1 - 4 show in schematic block diagrams of various safety switch devices with standard relay.
  • FIG. 1 a safety switch device is shown, with two load circuits 101, 102 and two safety circuits 103, 104th
  • relay 1, 2 or 21, 22 are designed as a "switch". In order to achieve a known security level 4, it is necessary to connect two relays 1, 2 in series.
  • the monitoring will realized in that a signal of the signal source 5 (eg a pulse or another signal) is coupled in the "normally closed” state of the contacts 1b, 2b before the changeover relay 1, 2 close the normally open contacts 1a, 2a.
  • a signal of the signal source 5 eg a pulse or another signal
  • the primary purpose of the safety switch device 103 is to check whether all normally open contacts 1a, 2a are open before a corresponding control signal for closing the contacts is applied via the inputs 3, 4.
  • the signal of the signal source 5 is sent to a detection device 6. In the event that one of the contacts 1a, 2a or both are closed, no signal will reach the detection device 6. If, on the other hand, a signal is received by the detection device 6, it is certain that both relays 1, 2 are still open with respect to the normally open contacts 1a, 2a and thus work satisfactorily. Now the relays can be safely closed.
  • a connection 13, 14 is closed, for example, to put a power supply to a load.
  • a load circuit 101, 102 is thus completely separated from the safety circuit 103, 104.
  • the transmitting part of the safety circuit 103, 104 has a driver 11.
  • the detection part of the safety circuits 103, 104 is equipped with a band-pass filter 10 in order to be able to filter the corresponding signal of the signal source 5 for the detection device 6.
  • Coils 31 and 41 of the relays 1, 2, 21, 22 are each connected to a coil driver 12.
  • the capacitances 7, 8 not only ensure that with time switching differences of the relays 1, 2, 21, 22 a decoupling of the safety circuit 103, 104 takes place. Likewise, when a relay 1, 2, 21, 22 fails and causes a short circuit, the capacitors 7, 8 ensure that a power supply is decoupled from the monitoring electronics.
  • the described procedure has the advantage that the load circuit 101, 102 is completely disconnected from the safety circuit 103, 104 during normal operation. This is achieved by the switches 1, 2, 21, 22. It can be ensured that a test signal of the signal source 5 is never applied to the load circuit 101, 102. This can be done by the test signal of the signal source 5 is only stored if after a known switching time of the relay 1, 2, 21, 22, the switching operation is carried out safely.
  • the procedure according to the invention makes it possible to use conventional "SMD" relays which are smaller and more cost-effective than otherwise required TÜV-tested positive-guided relays with monitoring contact.
  • An order of a switching time of the relay is in particular with regard to an evaluation z. B. made by a microcontroller.
  • the controller can then check whether the signals of a safety circuit are set as specified.
  • Each relay comprises a normally open contact 1a or 2a in a load circuit 101, 101a, 102 and 102a, respectively.
  • the contacts 1c and 2c are connected to each other.
  • the contacts 1b and 2b are terminals for the safety circuit 1C3, 104.
  • the circuit comprises four relays, as two relay contact groups each belong to one relay.
  • the four relays are controlled by four coils 31, 41. In each case two relay contact groups are thus connected to a common coil 31, 41.
  • Each series connection of two relays is electrically connected to a safety circuit consisting of the driver 11 and the filter 10 and the protective elements 7 and 8 or a Matterspannuncjstik 9.
  • a peculiarity of safety circuits 103 and 104 in FIG. 2 is that in each case two Kochwachungsungszweige the signal source 5 and the detection device 6 share. As a result, components or electrical devices can be saved.
  • the signal source 5 is designed in such a way that a different current intensity is fed to a respective branch 5a, 5b. This measure allows short circuits to other units determine if in the detection device 6, the sum signal of the currents can not be determined, which would have to result from the fed individual streams in the branches 5a and 5b.
  • the two signal sources 5 in FIG. 2 in the respective branches 5a and 5b also feed different currents. If it then comes to short circuits, can be detected at the detection device 6 by determining a current through which type of fault the current to be measured in itself can not be measured. For example, a signal source in a branch 5a provides 2 mA and in branch 5b 3 mA. The other signal source 5 supplies the branch 5a with 0.8 mA and the branch 5b with 0.2 mA. Thus, the sum signals 5 mA and 1 mA must be detected at the respective detection device 6 when the monitoring path is error-free. If, on the other hand, 5.2 mA is measured at the associated detection device instead of 5 mA, there is a high degree of safety with a short circuit to the branch of the safety circuit into which 0.2 mA is fed.
  • the relays switch, for example, the relay 1, 51 with the working contacts 1a and 51a and the safety contacts 1b and 51b. In the same way then switches the relay 2, 52 with the normally open contacts 2a, 52a and the safety contacts 2b, 52b. Thus, the load circuits 101, 101a are closed.
  • the signal source can emit both a DC and AC signal.
  • an AC signal with 330 kilohertz.
  • an embodiment of the safety circuit such that two signal sources are available for a safety circuit 103, 104, wherein in each test with the two different test signals a check is made.
  • a safety circuit then also has two filters.
  • the security circuits may also be part of a bus on which digital signals are running.
  • a filter comes z.
  • a bandpass in the form of an RC network or a coil in question If it is ensured in a circuit that z. B. from the side 14 or 13 of the load circuit 101, 101a, 102, 102a certainly no disturbing signal can be coupled into the circuit can on corresponding protection elements 7, 8 or overvoltage components 9 on, the respective series connection of relays of Relay opposite side can be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 3 is a variant of four series circuits of relays 1, 2; 21, 22; 51, 52; 53, 54, in which a total of two safety circuits 103 and 104 are sufficient by the series connection of the safety contacts 1b and 2b of two series circuits. Thus, components for the safety circuits can be saved.
  • each series connection of relay contacts 1b, 1c, 2c, 2b, 1c, 2c, 2b of a separate safety circuit 103 is monitored.
  • a relay each accommodated two groups of three relay contacts, z. B. in the relay 1, 51, the relay contacts 1a, 1b, 1c and 51a, 51b, 51c.
  • the relay 1, 51 has a coil 31 and a driver 12.
  • different test signals from the signal source 5 are fed.
  • different filters 10 and more filters 10 may be used.
  • a microcontroller is used for a current evaluation.

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  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité pour la mise et l'arrêt d'une alimentation électrique d'une charge avec au moins un élément de commutation pilotable (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54), plus particulièrement un relais ainsi qu'un circuit de commutation de sécurité (103, 104) pour le contrôle d'un état de commutation de l'élément de commutation, l'élément de commutation (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) étant conçu comme un commutateur de telle sorte qu'un premier contact (1c, 2c) étant relié électriquement soit avec un deuxième contact (1b, 2b) soit avec un troisième contact (1a, 2a) grâce à un processus de commutation, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de découplage électrique (7, 8) sont prévus sous la forme d'un condensateur et/ou d'un optocoupleur pour découpler le circuit de commutation de sécurité (103, 104) de l'alimentation électrique de la charge.
  2. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que deux éléments de commutation pilotables (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) branchés en série sont prévus.
  3. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième contact (1b, 2b) est relié électriquement avec le circuit de commutation de sécurité et le troisième contact (1a, 2a) est relié électriquement avec la charge.
  4. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de commutation (1, 2, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54) relient, dans un état sans courant, le premier (1c, 2c) et le deuxième contact (1 b, 2b) pour le circuit de commutation de sécurité (103, 104).
  5. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque le premier et le deuxième contact (1c, 2c, 1b, 2b) sont reliés électriquement, un circuit de commutation de sécurité (103, 104) est formé et, lorsque le premier et le troisième contact (1c, 2c, 1a, 2a) sont reliés, un circuit de charge (101, 101a, 102, 102a) est formé.
  6. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de commutation de sécurité comprend une partie émettrice et une partie d'analyse, la partie émettrice étant disposée sur un côté de contact de l'au moins élément de commutation (1, 2; 21, 22 ; 51, 52 ; 53, 54) et la partie d'analyse étant disposée sur l'autre côté de contact de l'au moins un élément de commutation.
  7. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de commutation de sécurité (103, 104) comprend un parasurtenseur (9).
  8. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un circuit de commande est prévu, qui est conçu pour vérifier si deux éléments de commutation branchés en série (1, 2 ; 21, 22 ; 51, 52 ; 53, 54) sont, dans un état sans courant, dans une position de commutation, dans laquelle les éléments de commutation (1, 2 ; 21, 22 ; 51, 52 ; 53, 54) ferment le circuit de commutation de sécurité (103, 104).
  9. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux branchements en série d'au moins deux éléments de commutation pilotables (1, 2 ; 21, 22 ; 51, 52 ; 53, 54) sont prévus.
  10. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que, grâce à chaque branchement en série (1, 2 ; 21, 22 ; 51, 52 ; 53, 54), un circuit de commutation de sécurité (103, 104) est formé.
  11. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que, grâce à chaque branchement en série, un circuit de charge (101, 102, 101 a, 102a) est formé.
  12. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que deux branchements en série d'au moins deux éléments de commutation pilotables (1, 2 ; 21, 22 ; 51, 52) font partie intégrante d'un seul circuit de commutation de sécurité (103, 104).
  13. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que deux branchements en série, branchés en parallèle, d'au moins deux éléments de commutation pilotables (1, 2 ; 21, 22 ; 51, 52 ; 53, 54) utilisent en commun un dispositif à détecteur (6) pour la formation d'un circuit de commutation de sécurité.
  14. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément de commutation pilotable comprend un actionneur (31, 41).
  15. Dispositif à interrupteur de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans un branchement en parallèle d'un premier et d'un deuxième branchement en série d'au moins deux éléments de commutation pilotables (1, 2 ; 21, 22 ; 51, 52 ; 53, 54), un actionneur (31, 41) actionne un élément de commutation pilotable du premier et du deuxième branchement en série.
EP20070846559 2006-11-10 2007-11-12 Dispositif à commutateur de sécurité Not-in-force EP2089892B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006053397A DE102006053397A1 (de) 2006-11-10 2006-11-10 Sicherheitsschaltereinrichtung
PCT/EP2007/009762 WO2008055701A1 (fr) 2006-11-10 2007-11-12 Dispositif à commutateur de sécurité

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2089892A1 EP2089892A1 (fr) 2009-08-19
EP2089892B1 true EP2089892B1 (fr) 2013-05-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20070846559 Not-in-force EP2089892B1 (fr) 2006-11-10 2007-11-12 Dispositif à commutateur de sécurité

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US (1) US8035942B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2089892B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101578678B (fr)
DE (1) DE102006053397A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2089892T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008055701A1 (fr)

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EP3462471A1 (fr) 2017-09-29 2019-04-03 Rockwell Automation Switzerland GmbH Interrupteur de sécurité

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006053397A1 (de) 2008-05-15
DK2089892T3 (da) 2013-07-29
CN101578678B (zh) 2012-08-15
WO2008055701A1 (fr) 2008-05-15
EP2089892A1 (fr) 2009-08-19
US20090251835A1 (en) 2009-10-08
CN101578678A (zh) 2009-11-11
US8035942B2 (en) 2011-10-11

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