EP2087770A1 - Procédé de commande d'un appareil de cuisson par induction, et appareil de cuisson par induction - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'un appareil de cuisson par induction, et appareil de cuisson par induction

Info

Publication number
EP2087770A1
EP2087770A1 EP07816224A EP07816224A EP2087770A1 EP 2087770 A1 EP2087770 A1 EP 2087770A1 EP 07816224 A EP07816224 A EP 07816224A EP 07816224 A EP07816224 A EP 07816224A EP 2087770 A1 EP2087770 A1 EP 2087770A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
induction
cookware
power
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07816224A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2087770B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Meier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Menu-System AG
Original Assignee
Menu-System AG
Menu System Wuest and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Menu-System AG, Menu System Wuest and Co filed Critical Menu-System AG
Publication of EP2087770A1 publication Critical patent/EP2087770A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2087770B1 publication Critical patent/EP2087770B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
    • H05B6/062—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/05—Heating plates with pan detection means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for
  • An induction cooking appliance is understood, for example, to mean an induction cooker.
  • a cookware can be, for example, a pan.
  • a cooking appliance with an inductive heating device which is located under a square cooking plate.
  • the heating device has four heating elements, which are designed such that the edge regions of the cooking plate can be used for cooking purposes.
  • Each heating element comprises a surface inductor having substantially helical turns, the respective turns having substantially rectilinear and successive sections, and the respective linearly extending turn section being parallel to one of the sides of the cooking plate.
  • additional operating elements such as potentiometers, rotary switches, touch buttons or similar operating elements.
  • the operation of such additional controls is complex and there is a likelihood of confusion of the controls, especially if the controls are not located next to the corresponding hob, as is often the case.
  • the additional controls require additional space and cause costs. If the additional operating elements are designed as typing buttons which are arranged directly under the cooking surface, which is typically made of glass ceramic, the operation is often cumbersome and often only possible after a cleaning of the cooking surface. Furthermore, the tip tasters to be touched may have been heated by a hot cookware that previously stood at this point of the cooking surface, so that their contact can be unpleasant or even painful.
  • the induction cooking appliance according to the invention for heating a cookware which has at least one coil and a drive unit for this coil, is characterized in that the induction cooking appliance, in particular its drive unit, is designed to carry out the method according to the invention. Under the coil is understood in particular an inductor.
  • the heating power of the induction cooking appliance or one of its coils can therefore advantageously be controlled solely by changing the position of a cookware on a coil of the induction cooking appliance.
  • additional control elements such as those mentioned above, for example in the form of rotary switches or touch keys, can be provided for additional control of the heating power.
  • an actual value which is dependent on the position of the cookware on the coil, is preferably determined. Then this actual value is under a given setpoint Forming a deviation compared and in a deviation of the actual value of the target value, ie at a deviation greater than zero, the power of the coil is set such that the actual value is set to the target value.
  • the setpoint value is preferably specified as the value of a setpoint curve, the values of the setpoint curve being dependent on the pulse duration and / or period duration of an induction current for the coil.
  • the power of the coil can also be controlled by a controller, for example a P controller (proportional controller, a PI controller (proportional-integral controller) or a PID controller (proportional controller) Integral differential controller), whereby the determined deviation forms an input variable for the controller.
  • a controller for example a P controller (proportional controller, a PI controller (proportional-integral controller) or a PID controller (proportional controller) Integral differential controller), whereby the determined deviation forms an input variable for the controller.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an exemplary hob of an induction cooker with three hobs
  • FIG. 2 a schematic representation of an induction cooking appliance with cooking utensils arranged on it;
  • Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the power absorbed by a coil of the induction cooking appliance as a function of the pulse duration of the drive current of the coil;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing the ratio of the 5 induction current to the mains current as a function of the pulse duration
  • Figure 6 is another diagram illustrating the ratio of the induction current to the mains current as a function of the pulse duration. o
  • like reference numerals designate structurally or functionally the same or equivalent component or elements.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 show a plan view of an induction cooking appliance 1 with, for example, three cooktops 2, each cooktop 2 for heating or heating having a coil 5 below the cooktop 4 (compare FIGS. 2 and 4).
  • the cooktops 2 are preferably arranged in a row and aligned with each other.
  • the cooking surface 4 is typically made of a heat-resistant and at least partially transparent material, in particular 5 glass ceramic. For heating or heating of food, these are applied to one of the cooktops 2 in a metallic cookware 12 (cf., FIGS. 2 and 4) and heated by eddy currents generated in the metallic cookware 12, which are heated when the cooktop 2 is heated associated coil 5 are induced with an induction current in the cookware.
  • Each hob 2 has on the cooking surface 4 preferably a display unit 3, on which the instantaneous power of the hob 2 associated coil 55 is displayed.
  • a number of cooktops 2 different from the number of cooktops 2 shown in FIG. 1 can also be provided, whereby may be provided in the hobs 2 not in a row, but also in other arrangements.
  • the induction cooking appliance 1 may be formed, for example, as a cart or as a cabinet and includes a drive unit ⁇ for the coils 5 of the hobs. 2
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the induction cooking appliance 1 with a hob 2, on which a cookware 12 is in the form of a pan. Below the hob 2 is a coil 5 in the form of a
  • the induction cooking appliance 1 has a drive unit 6 for driving the coil 5, which is connected via unspecified cable to the coil 5.
  • the drive unit 6 has a power section 7, which is connected to a power source 8 and to the coil 5 via unspecified cable.
  • the coil 5 is designed in particular as a disk coil, i. the turns of the winding of the coil 5 lie in one plane and form a spiral.
  • Winding is preferably designed as Hochfrequenzlitze, wherein the windings of the winding are mounted on a cooktop 2 side facing a base plate, not shown.
  • the windings may be secured to the base plate, for example, by means of adhesive.
  • the ends of this winding form connection conductors to which the power section 7 is connected.
  • the power source 8 is preferably a power grid or power supply network, which is usually located in a building and has, for example, a mains voltage of 230 volts and a frequency of 50 hertz in Switzerland, the line current typically being between 0 and 16 amperes and has a frequency of 50 hertz.
  • the power unit 7 generates from the mains current an induction current for the coil 5 (also called drive current), wherein the power unit 7 for this purpose of a Control unit 9 is controlled.
  • the power section 7 is in particular a pulse generator or a frequency generator. If a pulse generator is used as the power part 7, the pulse length or pulse duration of the pulses of the induction current and in this way the heat output of the coil 5 are controlled by the control part 9.
  • the induction current is preferably between 0 and 50 amperes.
  • the output from the coil 5 power can be between 50 watts and 20 kilowatts.
  • the power unit 7 is embodied as a pulse generator and thus pulse control of the induction current, the induction current preferably comprises a current contribution with a fixed basic or operating frequency, for example 22 kilohertz, and a symmetrical pulse current whose pulse duration or pulse length from the control unit 9 via the power unit 7 can be controlled.
  • a pulse control method is described for example in CH 696649 A5.
  • the frequency of the induction current is preferably at 22 kilohertz ⁇ 200 hertz in a control of the power over the pulse length or pulse duration of the induction current, wherein 22 kilohertz represents the basic or working frequency. If the power unit is designed as a frequency generator and thus frequency control of the induction current, the frequency of the induction current is preferably in the inaudible range between 22 and 40 kilohertz.
  • a sensor 10 which is preferably designed as a current transformer, provided for measuring the mains current, which is connected to the control part 9, so that the measured values of the sensor 10 can be transmitted to the control unit 9. Furthermore, a sensor 11 for measuring the induction current is provided, which is likewise connected to the control unit 9, so that its measured values can be transmitted to the control unit 9.
  • the induction current is load-dependent. It follows that it depends on the position of a load in the form of a metallic cookware 12 on the spool 5. Since the induction current and thus also the power of the coil 5 are load-dependent, the power output by the coil 5 can be changed via the position of a cookware 12 on the coil 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows the power of the coil 5 in kilowatts as a function of the pulse duration of the induction current in microseconds.
  • the solid curve shows the progression of the power when the cookware 12 is centered, i. exactly aligned with the center of the coil 5, placed on the hob 2. This position of the cookware 12 is shown schematically in FIG. 4 a).
  • the dashed curve in Figure 3 shows the course of performance when the cookware 12 is not aligned centered on the coil 5, but when the edge of the cookware 12, for example, a pan edge, the center of the hob 2 and thus the center of the coil 5 cuts , This is shown schematically in FIG. 4b).
  • FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 illustrate exemplary curves for a cookware 12 in the form of a specific pan, which is applied to a coil 5 in the form of a surface inductor dimensioned to a specific type. Furthermore, the illustrated curves may depend on further power-determining components , Likewise, the numerical values given further in the text are purely exemplary.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example diagram from which it can be seen that the power of the coil 5 increases with the increase of the pulse duration. The power is higher, in particular at high pulse durations, with cookware 12 centered on the coil 5 than if the cookware 12 were made the center of the coil 5 is shifted. It can therefore by moving the cookware 12 of the hob 2 and thus of the coil. 5 the power of the coil 5 can be reduced.
  • the power can be reduced from 3.16 kilowatts to 2.44 kilowatts by moving the cookware 12 to the position shown in FIG. 4b). In the middle power range, the power can be reduced from 1.09 kilowatts to 0.86 kilowatts by shifting from the position according to FIG. 4a) to the position according to FIG. 4b) with a pulse duration of 15 microseconds. If the cookware 12 so far pushed out of the center of the hob 2 and the coil 5, that the center of the coil 5 is no longer covered by the cookware 12, that is also not from the edge, this leads to a very different heating tion of the food in the cookware 12, which must be avoided. Therefore, the cookware 12 is preferably shifted at most so far that its edge intersects the center of the coil 5 (see Figure 4b)).
  • an actual value that depends on the position of the cookware 12 on the spool 5 is preferably determined and compared with a predetermined desired value.
  • the actual value is preferably the ratio of the induction current, which is also referred to as HF current (high-frequency current), to the mains current.
  • HF current high-frequency current
  • the induction current is measured by means of the sensor 11 and the mains current is measured by means of the sensor 10.
  • the determined actual value is then compared with the corresponding value of a setpoint curve stored in the control unit 9, the values of which depend on the pulse duration of the induction current. That The actual value determined at a specific pulse duration is compared with the desired value of a stored nominal curve corresponding to this pulse duration.
  • FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, the actual value .alpha., Which is formed as the ratio of induction current to mains current IQ
  • the setpoint curve 13 has a negative slope, in particular, if the ratio of induction current to mains current is used as the actual value.
  • the solid curve 14 shows the ratio of the induction current to the mains current, which may also be referred to as active current, as a function of the pulse duration, in the event that the cookware 12 is placed centered on the coil 5 (see Figure 4a)).
  • the dashed curve 15 shows the ratio of the induction current to the mains current, when the cookware 12 is not centered on the coil 5, but arranged such that the edge of the cookware 12, the center of the hob 2 and thus the coil 5 intersects (see Figure 4b )).
  • the target curve 13, which is shown in phantom, cuts the curves 14 and 15 preferably in two unspecified points and otherwise runs between them.
  • the induction current via the sensor 11 and the mains current via the sensor 10 are measured, as already explained, and the ratio of the induction current to the mains current is determined as the actual value. This actual value is then compared with the corresponding value of the setpoint curve 13, and the deviation of the actual value from the setpoint value is determined. If the actual value is greater than the setpoint value, the pulse duration of the induction current is reduced until the actual value adjusts to the setpoint value. The reduction of the pulse duration results in a reduction of the power of the coil 5. If the actual value is smaller than the setpoint, the pulse duration is increased until the actual value adjusts to the setpoint. An increase in the pulse duration results in an increase in the power of the coil 5.
  • a controller for example a P controller, a PI controller or a PID controller, can be used to set the actual value to the desired value.
  • a better U dynamic tuning characteristic ie a better transient response, and a more accurate setting erzichev be.
  • an exponential adjustment behavior can be achieved.
  • the controller has an integral component, advantageously a stationary control error of zero can be achieved.
  • the points of intersection of the setpoint curve 13 with the curves 14 and 15 define the power adjustment range of the coil 5.
  • the intersection of the setpoint curve with the curve 14 defines the power in the event that the cookware 12 is exactly in the center of the hob 2.
  • the intersection of the target curve 13 with the curve 15 defines the case that the edge of the cookware 12 intersects the center of the cooktop 2.
  • the cookware 12 is preferably moved only between these two positions, that is, it is no further than shown in Figure 4b) pushed away from the center.
  • the result is a pulse duration of 18.3 microseconds, which results in a power of the coil 5 of 2.66 kilowatts (see FIG. 3, the solid curve). If the edge of the cookware 12 cuts the center of the hob 2, the result is a pulse duration of about 10 microseconds, resulting in a power of 0.21 kilowatts (see Figure 3, the dashed curve).
  • the power range from 0.21 kilowatts to 2.66 kilowatts is an extremely suitable power range for cooking.
  • a higher power for example a power of 3.16 kilowatts (cf., FIG. 3: the value of the solid curve with a pulse duration of 20 microseconds).
  • a power of 3.16 kilowatts cf., FIG. 3: the value of the solid curve with a pulse duration of 20 microseconds.
  • the decrease of the amount of the slope can be realized by using, as shown in FIG. 6, a setpoint curve 16 which consists of two linear sections. The section for pulse durations greater than or equal to 17.5 microseconds has a smaller amount of the slope than the setpoint curve 13, the setpoint curve 16.
  • the setpoint curve 16 corresponds to the pulse duration of 17.5 microseconds accordingly cuts the curve 14 only at a pulse duration of 20 microseconds, instead of the setpoint curve 13 at a pulse duration of 18.3 microseconds.
  • the desired curve 16 thus lies for a larger pulse duration range between the curves 14 and 15. This advantageously results in a larger power range. With a pulse duration of 20 microseconds, the power is then 3.16 kilowatts (see FIG. 3, the solid curve).
  • the setpoint curve 16 may also be designed differently, for example as a quadratic function, as an exponential function, as a hyperbola, as a parabola or the like. It can be composed of several sections.
  • phase shift or time delay of the induction current can be used as the actual value, in particular the phase shift or time delay between the first current zero crossing of the induction current and a drive pulse is meant.
  • a drive pulse is to be understood as meaning a pulse generated by the power unit 7, which is not exposed to the load -there is the cookware 12-, ie, which is not phase-shifted in terms of load.
  • the control unit 9 may instead of a microcontroller, for example, have an operational amplifier, since essentially no complex mathematical analyzes have to be performed in the power control.
  • the mains current, the ratio of mains voltage to active current or / and the Performance to be used.
  • the control unit 9 as well as in the case that the actual value corresponds to the ratio of induction current to mains current, so a microcontroller. If the ratio of mains voltage to active current is used as the actual value, this has the advantage that voltage fluctuations in the supply network have little influence on the control of the power of the coil 5.
  • the setpoint curve 13, 16 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can also have a positive control instead of the illustrated negative gradient. In certain cases, the slope of the setpoint curve 13, 16 may even be zero. If the power unit 7 is designed as a frequency generator and the frequency of the induction current of the coil 5 is controlled by the control unit 9, the values of the setpoint curve 13, 16 are dependent on the period of the induction current, wherein the amount of the slope of the setpoint curve with increasing period of the induction current preferably decreases. Even with a frequency control of the induction current, the above-mentioned signals can be used as actual values.
  • the curves shown by way of example in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 relate to an induction cooking appliance 1 with pulse control of the induction current.
  • the curves shown in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 corresponding curves for an induction cooking appliance 1 with frequency control of the induction current are conceivable.
  • the curves for the power, the actual values and the setpoint curves are in this case dependent on the period of the induction current.
  • the curves of the curves can be basically similar.
  • the desired curves 13, 16 are preferably also of the type of cookware, in particular of the size and / or the construction of the cookware 12 dependent. In other words, different set curves 13, 16 are preferably used for different cookware 12 or cookware types.
  • the ratio of the induction current to the net flow is greater, the smaller the diameter of the cookware 12 is.
  • an induction current lower frequency should be used as in cookware, especially in pans, with a so-called sandwich bottom, otherwise usually high heat outputs can not be achieved.
  • cookware 12 made of cast iron or other iron cooking utensils are characterized by special properties, which should be taken into account in the respective setpoint curve 13, 16.
  • setpoint curve 13, 16 are used, depending on the type of cookware, this leads to improved control and an improved setting. Transient response of the power of the coil 5. It is preferably carried out in the inventive method, a test measurement with respect to the cookware 12. Depending on the result of this test measurement, the setpoint curve 13, 16 of the induction current is selected. In the case of pulse control of the induction current, the fixed basic or operating frequency is also preferably selected as a function of the result of the test measurement. That is, from the actual value determined during the test measurement is concluded on a type of cookware and depending on the type of cookware, a setpoint curve 13, 16 selected from a bevy of desired curves, the family of setpoints in the control unit 9 can be stored.
  • the solid Grund standing. Operating frequency of the induction current set depending on the type of cookware. If the coils 5 of adjacent cooktops 2 are very close to one another, then it may happen that adjacent cooktops 2 influence one another.
  • the quartz crystals used in the power unit 7, from which the frequency of the induction current is derived typically have manufacturing tolerances, which leads to small frequency differences in the induction currents of adjacent cooktops 2 or coils 5. This has slow beats between adjacent cooktops 2 and their coils 5 result, which can lead to undesirable power • adjustments.
  • a deliberate detuning of the frequencies of the induction currents of adjacent coils 5 in a pulse control: the working or
  • Fundamental frequencies causes the beating to become sufficiently fast that its effect can be greatly reduced. For example, a detuning of more than 100 hertz is a significant improvement. A disagreement of the respective frequency, however, also leads to the effect that the maximum achievable power of a coil 5 is influenced. The lower the frequency of the induction current, the higher the power. However, influencing the maximum achievable with a coil 5 performance is not necessarily desirable.
  • adjacent coils 5 are operated with induction currents of different frequency and the frequencies of the induction currents are switched at predetermined time intervals, for example every 100 milliseconds. In a pulse control, this affects the working or fundamental frequency. The switching times or the time until the next switch can be found in the
  • the coil 5 of the first cooktop 2 is operated with an induction current having a working or fundamental frequency of 22 kilohertz.
  • the coil 5 of the second cooking of FIG. 2 is operated, for example, with an induction current having a working or fundamental frequency of 22.2 kilohertz. After 100 milliseconds, the operating or fundamental frequencies are switched such that the coil 5 of the
  • At least one coil 5, preferably all the coils 5, are configured in an oval fashion.
  • the oval shape of the coils 5 also results in a better surface utilization factor, since the coil width is lower than for round coils 5 with comparable performance. While preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the present application, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto and may be practiced otherwise within the scope of the following claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Induction Heating Cooking Devices (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'un appareil de cuisson par induction (1) pourvu d'au moins une bobine (5), la puissance de la bobine (5) étant réglée en fonction d'une position d'un récipient de cuisson (12) sur la bobine (5). L'invention concerne en outre un appareil de cuisson par induction pour chauffer un récipient de cuisson, appareil qui présente au moins une bobine (5) et une unité d'asservissement (6) pour la bobine (5), l'appareil de cuisson par induction étant conçu pour la mise en œuvre du procédé précité.
EP07816224A 2006-11-09 2007-11-01 Procédé de commande d'un appareil de cuisson par induction, et appareil de cuisson par induction Active EP2087770B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH17782006 2006-11-09
PCT/CH2007/000541 WO2008055370A1 (fr) 2006-11-09 2007-11-01 Procédé de commande d'un appareil de cuisson par induction, et appareil de cuisson par induction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2087770A1 true EP2087770A1 (fr) 2009-08-12
EP2087770B1 EP2087770B1 (fr) 2010-08-25

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Family Applications (1)

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EP07816224A Active EP2087770B1 (fr) 2006-11-09 2007-11-01 Procédé de commande d'un appareil de cuisson par induction, et appareil de cuisson par induction

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20090321425A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2087770B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101574014B (fr)
AT (1) ATE479315T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502007004880D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2350174T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008055370A1 (fr)

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EP3855868A1 (fr) 2020-01-22 2021-07-28 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Procédé de commande de l'alimentation électrique fournie à une bobine de chauffage par induction d'une table de cuisson à induction et table de cuisson à induction

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EP3855868A1 (fr) 2020-01-22 2021-07-28 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Procédé de commande de l'alimentation électrique fournie à une bobine de chauffage par induction d'une table de cuisson à induction et table de cuisson à induction

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ES2350174T3 (es) 2011-01-19
ATE479315T1 (de) 2010-09-15
EP2087770B1 (fr) 2010-08-25
CN101574014A (zh) 2009-11-04
DE502007004880D1 (de) 2010-10-07
US20090321425A1 (en) 2009-12-31
WO2008055370A1 (fr) 2008-05-15
CN101574014B (zh) 2012-04-11

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