EP2087091A1

EP2087091A1 - Use of specifically treated fruit pulps and natural extracts as straights for the healthy nutrition of young animals and pregnant animals

Info

Publication number: EP2087091A1
Application number: EP07822038A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Lothar Ebner; Georg Tomaschewski; Jana Illiger; Heinz Seifert; Hans-Joachim Thieme; Harald Peter
Original assignee: Protekum-Umweltinstitut Oranienburg GmbH
Current assignee: Protekum-Umweltinstitut Oranienburg GmbH
Priority date: 2006-10-31
Filing date: 2007-10-30
Publication date: 2009-08-12
Also published as: DE102007001349A1; WO2008052990A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of fruit pulps and/or extraction or pressing residues with a high polyphenol content for the preparation of a straight in liquid-viscous form and/or in solid form for rearing young animals and feeding pregnant animals, where the extract or pressing residue used is preferably derived from pressed red and white grapes, from elderberry and blueberry pulp, from the pulp of blackcurrants and redcurrants, from apple and sea buckthorn berries and is used individually or as a mixture. If appropriate, the straight is fed in combination with traditional feedstuffs and has health-promoting properties so that the use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeuticals as additives for the foodstuffs in animal rearing and animal keeping can be dispensed with. The use preferably relates to the use for livestock, pets and domestic animals, in particular in the rearing of young animals. The abovementioned pulps and/or extracts or pressing residues, being natural straights, are preferably added to the animals' feed and/or drinking water or applied directly in the form of ready-to-use formulations, such as, for example, as granules or pellets. The use of the straight stabilizes the animals' health and generally promotes their health status. The straight is preferably employed for improving the health status of convalescent animals and bad doers.

Description

Use of specially treated pomace and natural extracts as feed ingredients for the healthy nutrition of pups and pregnant animals

The invention relates to the use of pomace extract or press residue with high polyphenol content for the preparation of a feed material in liquid-viscous form and / or in solid form for raising juveniles and for feeding pregnant animals, the extract used or press residue preferably from vinified red and white grapes, from elderberry and blueberry pomace, black and redcurrant pomace, apple and sea-buckthorn pomace, used singly or in combination. The feed material may be administered in combination with conventional feedingstuffs and has health-promoting properties, so that the use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents as additives for feed in animal rearing and animal husbandry can be dispensed with. The use preferably relates to use in domestic, domestic and domestic animals, in particular in the rearing of juveniles. The said extracts are added as natural feed materials preferably to the feed and / or drinking water of the animals or directly in the form of finished formulations, such as e.g. applied as granules or pellets. The use of the feed material stabilizes the health of the animals and generally promotes their health status. The feed material is preferably used to improve the state of health of convalescents and carers.

Worldwide, in recent years, a large number of fruits have been studied for their phytochemicals, the phenolic ingredients. The phenolic compounds are usually bound in the fruits to sugar molecules and are present in glycosidic form. The compounds can be assigned to the following substance classes by their chemical structure. Phenolic acids:

The tannic acids / phenolcarboxylic acids and cinnamic acid derivatives are a not inconsiderable component of the fruits. In the fruit and wild fruits in addition to the fruit acids especially phenolic acids such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid found.

The flavonols are attributed a special health-promoting effect. As phytochemicals they are ingredients of many fruits and vegetables. Important representatives are myricetin, quercetin, camphor oil, isorhamnetin.

Anthocyanins are the natural colorants found in many types of fruit. Their chemical structure is very similar to flavonols. In the red grapes we find in high concentration the cyanidin, but also the pelargonidin and the delphinidin.

Catechin is a widely used phytochemical. This compound is also included in the fruit extracts. Its structure is similar to the flavonol quercetin, its reduction product, so to speak.

The cyanidines and the pro-cyanidines are valuable ingredients of plants, we find them especially in the red grapes.

The phytochemicals are known to be concentrated by the plants in the shell. Studies by American authors on apple varieties clearly confirm that the pulp contains significantly less bioflavonoid than the shells [1]. Similarly, Spanish scientists have studied red grapes for levels of bioflavonoids and also found that the key ingredients are concentrated in the skins [2]. There are myricetin, quercetin, Syringic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, protecatechuic acid, camphor oil, isorhamnetin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

However, valuable phytochemicals from plant shells are difficult to extract. The fruit and vegetable peel consists mainly of cellulosic structures. In general, the ingredients are included in the cellulose plant cells. The ingredients must be released from the cell walls, so to speak.

It has now been found that especially physically and enzymatically treated pomace as extract or pressing residue, preferably from pressed red and white grapes, from elderberry and / or blueberry trestem, from black and red currant pomace and from pomace and / or sea buckthorn pomace , in each case individually or in a mixture in natural liquid-viscous form or dried and / or as a formulated solid (eg spray-dried, granulated or freeze-dried) already in small amounts as a simple feed (eg as an additive in animal feed) in the rearing of juveniles and for feeding Of pregnant animals are particularly suitable.

The invention is based on the recognition that the glycosidic structure of the ingredients in particular of the extracts is of great importance, as this significantly increases the bioavailability of the substances. According to the invention the feed material is preferably developed from a pomace extract, which can be obtained by a gentle process of the company PROTEKUM Environmental Institute GmbH, Oranienburg, DE. This extraction process leads to the provision of a natural extract of pomace, with water and mixtures of water with certain aliphatic alcohols being preferably used as the extraction agent [3,4]. Since the process is very gentle, because it operates essentially at room temperature, the ingredients can be provided in the desired essential glycosidic form. The invention therefore relates to the use of a pomace as an extract or pressing residue with a high polyphenol content in liquid-viscous form and / or in solid form, the extract preferably from fruit and wild fruits, in particular from pressed red and white grapes, from elderberry pomace, Blueberries, from black and red currant pomace, from pomace from apples and / or sea-buckthorn berries, used singly or in mixture as a single feed. From the residues, feed ingredients are prepared and used in particular in combination with conventional feed and / or in drinking water. The extract and pressing residues from the pomace have stabilizing and health-promoting properties and are excellently suitable for the rearing of young animals and for the feeding of pregnant animals.

Preferably, the feed ingredients are used in convalescents and carers. Convalescent refers to young animals that are in the recovery phase after a disease. As carers are called weak animals, which are considerably lagging in growth compared to their siblings the same age and often do not completely catch up later. They are therefore susceptible to negative influences, such as Illnesses or stress, so that there is always the risk that they could go down.

By the use according to the invention, surprisingly, pharmaceutical agents, e.g. Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents as additives for feed in animal rearing and animal husbandry are completely dispensed with. The health of convalescents and carers in particular can be stabilized and improved and, in general, the health status of juveniles during rearing can be promoted. The pomace used according to the invention as extract or press residue preferably comprises the following ingredients:

Anthocyanins - namely cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin flavonoids - namely myricetin, quercetin, camphor oil and catechin Phenolcarboxylic acids - namely gallic acid, protecatechuic acid, p-

Hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid,

Cinnamic acid derivatives - namely caffeic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, in glycosidic form. Since all of these ingredients are characterized as containing phenolic groups, the preferred marc extracts have a polyphenol content> 60%.

The inventive use of the pomace as a single feed is e.g. in pure form without further formulation auxiliaries in natural liquid-viscous or solid form, e.g. merely dried or in powder form, as granules or pellets or in any other dosage form or formulation customary in animal husbandry, e.g. on a suitable low molecular weight or higher molecular weight inorganic or organic carrier of natural origin.

The formulation is not difficult and formulation auxiliaries and additives are known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the pomace as extract or press residue can also be added to the feed as so-called (feed) premix. Preferably, they are used as additives in animal feed mixtures and / or in drinking water.

The amount of extract or in a corresponding mixture is preferably in the range of 10 to 200 g / kg of feed and / or drinking water. That is, preferably 1 to 20 wt.% Of the respective pomace extract or a mixture based on the weight of the feed / drinking water used. In particular, typical concentrations are between 10 and 100 g / kg feed / drinking water, preferably between 10 and 30 g / kg or 50 and 100 g / kg.

According to the invention, preferably animal feeds are provided which comprise 1 to 10% of the feed material which is obtained from the pomace extracts. Feed ingredients obtained from the press residues are contained in a feed with a higher proportion of the feed material, preferably up to 40%.

Preferably, animal feed mixtures are provided which comprise (in addition to conventional feeds) 1 to 10% of the feed material as extract. They are used in particular for rearing juveniles or for feeding pregnant animals.

The feed material of the invention per se or in admixture with conventional animal feeds are preferably used in livestock, e.g. in mammals such as cattle, pigs, sheep, horses and rodents, preferably rabbits, as well as in domestic animals, preferably in dogs and cats.

Particularly preferred according to the invention is the use of the feed materials in the rearing of juveniles, especially in convalescents and carers. The agents may be used alone or in admixture with the feeds / drinking water. The indication g / kg feed is universal in the specified widths for the relevant animal species.

The duration of administration during rearing depends on the species and the degree of weakness. Subject to possible waiting periods, the administration takes place during the rearing or in convalescents and carers until a complete recovery and equalization with age-matched animals is achieved. As a rule, the feed material is fed for 30-50 days during rearing.

Surprisingly, convalescent animals could be stabilized in terms of health. Initially severely underweight animals developed without loss to marketable animals. The weight of the convalescents was recovered and healthy, normal animals behaved normally. For example, in pigs, an improvement of the State of health of convalescents and carers who were given little chance of survival, but which grew after feeding with the extracts to animals to normal slaughtering. Surprisingly, it was found that, for example, normal-weight piglets that were fed with the single-chuck feed in the course of their rearing had significantly higher weight gains than piglets who did not receive the special feed material. In addition, it was also surprising that the piglets fed with the feed material already had a healthier intestinal flora after 2-4 weeks (as shown by microbiological tests). Feeding with the feed materials according to the invention had no influence on the quality of meat after slaughter.

The duration of administration in pregnant animals takes place in 2 phases. Once in the heat phase and on the other in the final phase of pregnancy. Good fetal development and good health of newborns and mothers is achieved.

The content of polyphenols in the extract is determined according to FOLIN-CIOCALTEU. In this photometric method is normalized to the gallic acid, so that the information is then given in g gallic acid units (GAE) per kg. In international literature, this determines the levels of ingredients in wines, especially in red wines [5]. These gallic acid units (GAE) also reflect the antioxidant potential of the extract.

A dosage of the extracts used according to the invention can preferably also be carried out as a function of the polyphenol content in g GAE (gallic acid units) determined according to FOLIN-CIOCALTEU. Preferably, the agents are used at a dosage of 20-200 mg GAE per kg weight of animal weight.

The application takes place in different versions. For the preparation of inventive liquid-viscous and solid feed materials preparations for a use per se, in drinking water and / or conventional feed all methods familiar to those skilled in the art can be used, for example, the spray, fluid bed or Wurstertrocknung. For preferred use with conventional solid feeds, the individual feed material obtained in each case is added individually or as a mixture to the feed and / or drinking water of domestic, domestic and domestic animals.

In one embodiment, feed materials according to the invention are obtained after extraction preferably with water and / or ethanol by gentle evaporation in vacuo to obtain the liquid-viscous products. Since these are only of limited suitability for metering in animal feeds, the compositions according to the invention are provided, in addition to the liquid-viscous and dried form, in particular as spray-dried, granulated and / or freeze-dried solids in natural form (as glycosides) as feed material. The formulations are sterile and have long shelf life, so they are well suited for use as a single feed and for animal feed mixtures.

Preferably, powdered feed ingredients are provided from the liquid viscous extracts by spray drying on carriers. Alternatively, a provision is made as granules of the liquid-viscous extracts, which is preferably prepared by fluidized bed drying on suitable carriers. In a further variant, the extracts according to the invention are used as solids which are obtained by freeze-drying.

Suitable carrier materials are preferably the following:

Low Molecular Inorganic Carriers:

Salts such as sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate; Diatomaceous earth or silicas such as silicas or silica gels or silica derivatives, such as. B. silicates. Organic carriers:

Sugar, such as Glucose, fructose, sucrose, dextrins; Starch products, in particular corn starch and cellulose preparations; or corn cob meal, ground rice hulls, Weizengrießkleie or cereal flours, such as. Wheat, rye, barley and oatmeal or bran or mixtures thereof.

The carrier material may be used in the extract of the pressed red and white grapes, elderberries, blueberries, black and redcurrants, the pomace of the apples, sea buckthorn berries based on dry basis in an amount of about 10 to 85% of the present invention Wt .-%, preferably about 20 to 85 wt .-%, be contained.

According to the invention, the extraction and pressing residues of the pomace are most preferably used as feed ingredients, preferably the residues of the red and white grapes, the elderberries, the blueberries, the black and redcurrants, the apples, the sea-buckthorn berries, which have been gently dried. They are used in the context of the invention as a feed ingredient or combined with conventional feed. The remaining ingredients have been digested by the extraction methods so that they are very bioavailable.

A preferred variant of application is that a premix is prepared by the formulated solids and / or the dried extraction and pressing residues preferably of the pressed red and white grapes, the elderberries, the blueberries, the black and red currant, the The pomace of the apples and the sea buckthorn pomace may be homogenously mixed with conventional feed in the calculated dosages and then pelleted for use as feed. The advantages of the pomace extract used in the invention are that the contained secondary plant ingredients unfold their effects as bioactive substances and include a wide range of effects. The following effects play a special role: antibacterial, fungicidal, antiviral immunomodulating, antiinflammatory antioxidant potential,

Catchers of free radicals and aggressive forms of oxygen, anticariogenic (coronary heart disease, CHD) antithrombotic, protection of blood vessels anticancerogen, antimutagenic antiallergenic action, anti-histamine action

Inhibition of LDL oxidation

Support the vitamin C effect antidiabetic.

By way of example, the use of piglets according to the invention will be illustrated below using the weight gain of piglets:

37 underweight piglets were fed for 30 days with the feed material extracted from pressed red grapes. In addition to the normal feed, they were given 2% by weight of the extract daily based on the daily dose in powder form.

For comparison, a normal weight control group of 17 animals was fed without this feed alone.

The underweight animals, which were fed with the feed material according to the invention additionally showed significantly better weight gain than the normal weight comparison animals. On average, the piglets fed the feed material showed a 10% increase in weight gain.

literature

Burda, S .; W. Ofeszek, CY. Lee: Phenolic Compounds and their [2] changes in apples during maturation and gold storage; ύ.-AGHC.

Food ex. 38 (1990) 945-948 [3] B. F de Simon; T. Hernandez, I. Estrella: Relationship between chemical structure and biosynthesis and accumulation of certain phenolic compounds in grape wine during ripening; Z. Lebensm.-

Unters. Forsch. 195 (1992) 124-8 [4] Tomaschewski, G .; L. Ebner, M.-Müller: Patent no. DE 197 20 767

AI v. 07.05.1997: Pharmaceutical product, in particular for

Therapy and prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases [5] Tomaschewski, G., L. Ebner: extract of red grapes,

Extraction and use in "Functional Foods", Wiss. Beiträge FH

Wildau, 2004, p. 74-81 [6] V.L. Singleton, J.A. Rossi Jr .: Calorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdiephophotungstie aeid reagents; At the. J. Enol. Vitic 16

(1965) 144-158

Claims

claims

1. Use of a specially treated pomace and / or natural extract or press residue with high polyphenol content as a feed material in viscous-liquid and / or solid form for the rearing of juveniles and for feeding pregnant animals.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the pomace comes from fruit and wild fruits, preferably from pressed red and white grapes, from pomace of elderberries and blueberries, from pomace of red and black currants, the pomace of apples and / or sea-buckthorn berries.

3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a pomace extract with a polyphenol content of> 60% is used.

4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pomace is used as a feed material as extract in pure form in viscous liquid, as a dried extraction / pressing residue and / or as a formulated solid.

5. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the feed material is used as an additive with conventional animal feeds and / or in drinking water.

6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the feed ingredient with a conventional feed and / or drinking water with 1 to 40 wt.%, Based on the weight of the feed / drinking water, is used, preferably with 1 to 20 wt.% As pomace extract and with up to 40 wt.% As a press residue.

7. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the feed material is used depending on the polyphenol content in g GAE (gallic acid units) determined by FOLIN-CIOCALTEU with a dosage of 20-200 mg GAE per kg weight of the animal weight ,

8. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the feed material is used in spray-dried form, in granular form and / or in freeze-dried solid form, preferably on an inorganic or organic support material of natural origin.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the feed material as a solid from the natural, viscous-liquid extract, which is prepared by extraction of pomace with water and / or ethanol, by spray drying, in a fluidized bed or by freeze-drying using an inorganic or organic carrier material is recovered and used.

10.Use according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the feed ingredient is used mixed with the feed.

11.Use according to one of claims 1 to 10 for the rearing of mammals, preferably cattle, pigs, horses and sheep.

12. Use according to one of claims 1 to 10 for the cultivation of rodents, preferably rabbits.

Use according to any one of claims 1 to 11 for improving the health of juveniles who are convalescents and carers.

14. animal feed comprising 1 to 20 wt.% Of a

Feed material in liquid-viscous form and / or as a solid, wherein the feed material from pomace extracts of pressed red and white grapes, from elderberries and blueberries, from red and black currants, from the pomace of apples and sea-buckthorn berries or mixtures thereof produced, which are obtained by extraction of the pomace with water and / or ethanol.

15. animal feed comprising 1 to 40 wt.% Of a

Feed material in liquid-viscous form and / or as a solid, wherein the feed material is prepared from pomace residues of pressed red and white grapes, from elderberry and blueberry pomace, from red and blackcurrant pomace, from the pomace of apple and sea-buckthorn berries, or mixtures thereof ,

16. animal feed according to any one of claims 14 or 15 containing 1 to 40 wt.% Feed ingredients and conventional linings.