EP2085150A1 - Method and device for sorting particles - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves sorting particles (1) in two classifying stages according to their particle form in a temporal or spatial succession. The sorting of the particles takes place after their particle geometry (a,b,c). The sorting takes place by two or three-dimensional classification. The classification takes place in a swinging or non swinging, particularly bent classification level. An independent claim is included for a device for sorting of particles, particularly coal for blast furnaces.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for sorting particles.

In the processing technology as well as for the product production using particles, the use of sorted particulate material plays an increasing role for a high efficiency as well as for the fulfillment of quality requirements. Moreover, by providing assorted particulate products, higher quality and price expectations can be realized. For example, sorted, higher-priced grit and gravel in the construction industry as well as in road construction can lead to significantly longer service life and improved product properties.

From the DE 10 2006 001 043 A1 Therefore, a method for the production of crushed stone and ballast is already known in which cubic grains, the proportion of which should be at least 50% in gravel and grit, are not further crushed in a subsequent treatment process, such as a crushing process. Rather, preferably only non-cubic grains in further crushing stages, which serve the Kubifizierung, are processed into cubic grains. For sorting, grain shape sorting machines are used, which are based either on optical principles or on the different equilibrium behavior of cubic and non-cubic grains.

The invention is intended to provide, for a broad, cross-industry application, a method and an apparatus for sorting particles which provide, in a reliable and industrially applicable manner, a provision of particles, e.g. grit or crushed stone or other bedding, in grain-specific sorting.

This object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned above, being sorted in a temporal and / or spatial sequence particles at least in two stages according to their particle shape.

An essential aspect of the present invention is therefore to sort particles according to their grain shape and thus separate particles of different particle shape from each other, so as particles such as needlelite (particles with a certain length / width ratio), cubicity or roundness (particles with a certain length / Thickness ratio) or after their platiness (particles with a certain width / thickness ratio) to distinguish.

In the context of the present invention, the terms classification and sorting are used. Classification is the separation according to a geometric feature of the particle macro shape (eg main dimensions) Fig. 1 ). Sorting according to the grain shape is described by the serial classification according to at least two geometric features of the particle macro-shape (serial classification according to at least two main dimensions), whereby a double serial classification, eg according to the parameters needleiness, cubicity or platiness, can take place.

Preferably, a classification according to a geometric feature of a particle macro shape (main dimension) is preceded by a classification according to a further geometric feature of a particle macro shape (main dimension) in time and / or space.

In this way, e.g. separating a fraction after the needlelike at a certain limit for that grain shape.

Preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, also with regard to the formation of the passage openings as a function of the classification task, are the subject of the further subclaims.

Preferably, a two-dimensional (taking place in the classification level) or even three-dimensional classification can be realized using three-dimensional spatial sieve structures.

In the context of the method according to the invention, a serial classification (sorting according to the grain shape) takes place in at least two, preferably temporally and / or spatially successive classification processes, taking into account one of three main dimensions (length a, width b, thickness c) of the particles.

The above object is achieved with respect to the device according to the invention by a first classifying device for classifying the particles according to one of three main geometrical dimensions (maximum length, maximum width or maximum thickness) and a further classifying device for classifying the particles according to another of its main dimensions, different from the first main dimension.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and second classifying means may be formed by first and second screening means, which are preferably arranged in a common housing or formed integrally in a classifying plane.

Preferably, the particle motion in the form of the screen index and the corresponding particle size (e.g., particle length, particle width and particle thickness) to be screened will be used as a parameter for choosing suitable geometries of the apertures of the screens.

Due to the inventive double serial classification, i. Particle size grading according to the particle size in at least two main axis directions of the particle, which are substantially perpendicular to each other (length, width, thickness), it is possible in a surprisingly simple way, particles in terms of their needles (ratio of maximum particle size (longitudinal dimension) to maximum mean main dimension (particle width ) or their cubicity or roundness (ratio of maximum particle size (longitudinal dimension) to minimum particle size (thickness)) or their flatness (ratio of the mean main dimension (width) to the smallest main dimension (thickness)) Preferably, the classifying devices are screening devices such as circular, elliptical, linear or planar oscillators, ie vibrating screens with the aforesaid movement geometry or a screen surface that is inclined and preferably fixedly arranged as a classifying plane over which the particles are guided.

For classifying according to the maximum particle size, the classifying device, preferably screening device, has a classification by means of a predetermined round hole, square hole, long hole (two-dimensional classification), 3D square hole or a 3D rectangular hole ("3D" = three-dimensional classification). With regard to an average particle size which is substantially perpendicular to the aforementioned particle size, the screening device is preferably provided with passage openings (round hole or square hole) having a predetermined hole diameter or a mesh width, preferably in the form of a perforated plate or sieve.

As a classifying device for classifying the particles according to the minimum particle size substantially perpendicular to the maximum and average particle size, it is preferred a screening device formed of rods provided with a predetermined bar spacing or a long mesh fabric with a predetermined mesh spacing or a 3D rectangular hole covering.

The classification can thus be carried out by screening devices with a two-dimensional or else with a three-dimensional mode of action or classifying plane.

In the context of the present application, classifying or double serial classification always means sorting according to the grain shape, which includes time-division and / or spatially separated classification according to at least two main geometric dimensions of the particles (maximum length, maximum width or maximum thickness) ,

The invention can be used e.g. easily produce bulk material that is tuned to uniformly defined particle geometries for very specific preferred applications or grades, e.g. when generating high-priced splinters.

The invention is based on the surprising finding that a high-quality sorting of particulate material according to the grain shape (serial classification) is possible by at least two classifications in combination on the basis of the geometric main dimensions of the particles (maximum length, maximum width, maximum thickness ).

In this case, at least two classifications can be carried out both in close temporal and / or spatial connection and neighborhood as well as with a large temporal and / or spatial distance. In this way it is possible to separate a fraction of acicular particles from a fraction of round or cubic particles and these in turn from a fraction of platy particles, whereby further fine fractionations, e.g. Particles having a predetermined needle size can be produced by limiting the mean particle size (particle thickness) or the predetermined particle latency (limiting the smallest dimensions (thickness) of the particles).

The invention is for example for the fractionation and quality improvement of chippings or gravel in the construction industry or in the provision of coal for blast furnaces or for Preparation of beds for fixed bed reactors as well as eg in the predisposition of particles for suspensions of coating materials applicable.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines Partikels, nach seinen Hauptabmessungen,

Fig. 2

eine Tabelle der Klassiervarianten,

Fig. 3

ein Kräftegleichgewicht an einem Partikel zur Beschreibung möglicher Schwingformen einer Siebeinrichtung,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung eines Bewegungsverhaltens eines Partikels in Abhängigkeit von einer Bewegung/Antrieb einer Siebeinrichtung für eine

Fig. 4a

Wurfbewegung,

Fig. 4b

eine Gleitbewegung des Partikels,

Fig. 5

Öffnungsgeometrien einer Siebeinrichtung mit

Fig. 5a bis 5d

zweidimensionalen Öffnungsgeometrien der Siebungseinrichtungen für Rundloch (Kreisloch), Quadratloch, rechteckiger Durchtrittsöffnung und elliptischer Durchtrittsöffnung,

Fig. 6

dreidimensionale Öffnungsgeometrien einer Siebeinrichtung mit

Fig. 6a bis 6d

Quadratloch und Rechteckloch in Querschnitt und Draufsicht,

Fig. 7

Funktionsweisen von Öffnungsgeometrien nach Fig. 6 mit schematische Darstellungen von dreidimensionalen Öffnungsgeometrien

Fig. 7a

für eine Klassierung nach einer maximalen Partikelausdehnung (a), und

Fig. 7b

für eine Klassierung nach einer minimalen Partikelausdehnung (c),

Fig. 8

Funktionsweisen von Öffnungsgeometrien nach Fig. 7 mit schematische Darstellungen von dreidimensionalen Öffnungsgeometrien

Fig. 8a1 und

für eine Klassierung nach einer maximalen Partikelausdehnung (a)

Fig. 8a2

für unterschiedliche Schwerpunktslagen, und

Fig. 8b

für eine Klassierung nach einer minimalen Partikelausdehnung (c),

Fig. 9

Funktionsweisen von Öffnungsgeometrien für verschiedene Partikelformen bei Gleitbewegung,

Fig. 10

Funktionsweisen von Öffnungsgeometrien für verschiedene Partikelformen bei Wurfbewegung,

Fig. 11

eine schematische Darstellung des Wirkprinzips einer zweifache seriellen Klassierung nach der vorliegenden Erfindung mit

Fig. 11a

einer ersten Klassierstufe,

Fig. 11 b

einer zweiten Klassierstufe.

Fig. 12

eine schematische Darstellung einer Siebeinrichtung als Schwingsieb zur Bestimmung möglicher Schwingformen,

Fig. 13

ein Ersatzschaltbild für eine Kombination von Schwingungsanregung, Kreisschwingung und elliptischer Schwingung für eine integrale Siebeinrichtung,

Fig. 14

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Siebeinrichtung mit Lochblech und Siebrost gemäß Fig. 11 (Klassierung nach der Nadeligkeit),

Fig. 15

ein verfahrenstechnisches Model einer Sortiermaschine mit zweifache serielle Klassierung,

Fig. 16

eine Sortiervorrichtung in schematischer Schnittdarstellung (Sortierung nach Nadeligkeit),

Fig. 17

eine Austrageinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 16,

Fig. 18

eine Siebeinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 16,

Fig. 19

eine Sortiervorrichtung in schematischer Schnittdarstellung (Sortierung nach Nadeligkeit) mit Klassierschritten auf getrennten Siebeinrichtungen,

Fig. 20

eine Austrageinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 19,

Fig. 21

Siebeinrichtungen der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 19,

Fig. 22

eine Sortiervorrichtung in schematischer Schnittdarstellung (Sortierung nach Kubizität),

Fig. 23

eine Austrageinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 22,

Fig. 24

eine Siebeinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 22,

Fig. 25

eine Sortiervorrichtung in schematischer Schnittdarstellung (Sortierung nach Kubizität) mit den Klassierstufen auf getrennten Siebeinrichtungen,

Fig. 26

eine Austrageinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 25,

Fig. 27

eine Siebeinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 25,

Fig. 28

eine Sortiervorrichtung in schematischer Schnittdarstellung (Sortierung nach Plattigkeit),

Fig. 29

eine Austrageinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 28,

Fig. 30

eine Siebeinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 28,

Fig. 31

eine Sortiervorrichtung in schematischer Schnittdarstellung (Sortierung nach Plattigkeit), mit Klassierstufen auf separaten Siebeinrichtungen,

Fig. 32

eine Austrageinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 31,

Fig. 33

eine Siebeinrichtung der Sortiervorrichtung nach Fig. 31.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. In these show:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a particle, according to its main dimensions,

Fig. 2

a table of classification variants,

Fig. 3

an equilibrium of forces on a particle to describe possible oscillatory shapes of a sieve device,

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of a movement behavior of a particle in response to a movement / drive a screening device for a

Fig. 4a

Throwing motion,

Fig. 4b

a sliding movement of the particle,

Fig. 5

Opening geometries of a screening device with

Fig. 5a to 5d

two-dimensional opening geometries of the round hole (circular hole) screening devices, square hole, rectangular passage opening and elliptical passage opening,

Fig. 6

three-dimensional opening geometries of a screening device with

Fig. 6a to 6d

Square hole and rectangular hole in cross section and top view,

Fig. 7

Functions of opening geometries after Fig. 6 with schematic representations of three-dimensional opening geometries

Fig. 7a

for a classification according to a maximum particle size (a), and

Fig. 7b

for a classification after a minimum particle size (c),

Fig. 8

Functions of opening geometries after Fig. 7 with schematic representations of three-dimensional opening geometries

Fig. 8a1 and

for a classification according to a maximum particle size (a)

Fig. 8a2

for different center of gravity positions, and

Fig. 8b

for a classification after a minimum particle size (c),

Fig. 9

Functioning of opening geometries for different particle shapes during sliding movement,

Fig. 10

Functioning of opening geometries for different particle shapes during throwing motion,

Fig. 11

a schematic representation of the principle of action of a two-fold serial classification according to the present invention with

Fig. 11a

a first classification stage,

Fig. 11b

a second classification stage.

Fig. 12

a schematic representation of a screening device as a vibrating screen for determining possible vibration modes,

Fig. 13

an equivalent circuit diagram for a combination of vibration excitation, circular oscillation and elliptical oscillation for an integral screening device,

Fig. 14

an embodiment of a screening device with perforated plate and grate according to Fig. 11 (Classification after the needlestick),

Fig. 15

a procedural model of a sorting machine with double serial classification,

Fig. 16

a sorting device in a schematic sectional representation (sorting according to needlelessness),

Fig. 17

a discharge device of the sorting device according to Fig. 16 .

Fig. 18

a screening device of the sorting device according to Fig. 16 .

Fig. 19

a sorting device in a schematic sectional view (sorting according to needlelessness) with classifying steps on separate screening devices,

Fig. 20

a discharge device of the sorting device according to Fig. 19 .

Fig. 21

Screening the sorting device according to Fig. 19 .

Fig. 22

a sorting device in a schematic sectional representation (sorting according to cubicity),

Fig. 23

a discharge device of the sorting device according to Fig. 22 .

Fig. 24

a screening device of the sorting device according to Fig. 22 .

Fig. 25

a sorting device in a schematic sectional representation (sorting according to cubicity) with the classification stages on separate screening devices,

Fig. 26

a discharge device of the sorting device according to Fig. 25 .

Fig. 27

a screening device of the sorting device according to Fig. 25 .

Fig. 28

a sorting device in a schematic sectional representation (sorting according to platiness),

Fig. 29

a discharge device of the sorting device according to Fig. 28 .

Fig. 30

a screening device of the sorting device according to Fig. 28 .

Fig. 31

a sorting device in a schematic sectional view (sorting according to platiness), with classification stages on separate screening devices,

Fig. 32

a discharge device of the sorting device according to Fig. 31 .

Fig. 33

a screening device of the sorting device according to Fig. 31 ,

The basis of the following explanation of exemplary embodiments of a method and a device for sorting particles according to their particle shape by double serial classification is the geometry of a particle 1, as in FIG Fig. 1 represented, with the help of its main dimensions, namely its maximum length a, its mean dimension width b and its smallest dimension thickness c, wherein these dimensions in the major axes x, y, z of the particle 1 by a regular body, eg cuboid, as an envelope show how this is done in Fig. 1 is shown. The main dimensions a (longest body edge of the enveloping cuboid), b (middle body edge of the enveloping cuboid) and c (smallest body edge of the enveloping cuboid) with particles 1 describing a>b> c geometrically.

The two-fold serial classification explained in more detail below, i. Determination of the particle shape on the basis of at least two main geometric dimensions of the particle 1, based on the aforementioned detection of the main dimensions of the particle and their procedural and device implementation. The shape of the particle 1 can be completely detected by means of this detection of its extension in the three main axes x, z and y.

With the help of the main dimensions of the particle 1 three different particle shapes are definable, determined by two length ratios.

The ratio of the longest main dimension a to the mean main dimension b describes the elongation or the needlelessness of the particle 1: $${\mathrm{\Psi }}_{\left(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{b}\right)}=\frac{a}{b}$$

The ratio of the longest main dimension a to the smallest main dimension c describes the cubicity or cube shape of the particle 1: $${\mathrm{\Psi }}_{\left(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{c}\right)}=\frac{a}{c}$$

The ratio of the mean main dimension b to the smallest main dimension c describes the flatness of the particle 1: $${\mathrm{\Psi }}_{\left(\mathrm{b}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{c}\right)}=\frac{\mathrm{b}}{\mathrm{c}}$$

With the aid of the abovementioned description or sorting of a particle quantity according to particle shapes Ψ _{(a / b)} , Ψ _{(a / c)} and Ψ _{(b / c)} , a feedstock consisting of particles 1 can be divided into two spatially and / or temporally successive classification steps sorted by serpentine (serially classified) so that two fractions with two significantly different particle shape characteristics Ψ _{(a / b)} are formed. In a corresponding manner, it is possible to sort the mixture of particles according to the cubicity or after the platiness.

The classification variants with a double serial classification, ie sorting according to the grain shape corresponding to the main dimensions a, b or c are in Table 1 of Fig. 2 tabulated. Depending on the combination of the classification according to the three main dimensions in a first and a second classification step results in a sorting according to the Comformen: needleiness, cubicity or platiness, like this Fig. 2 clarified. Fig. 2 shows the combination of the different classification steps, ie a first classification (classifying step 1) and a subsequent second classification (classifying step 2) with the corresponding classification result and the description of the grain shape in each of these variants with an abbreviation in the right column of FIG Fig. 2 , As can be seen, by a combination of first and second classification according to the main dimensions a and b and b and a (order) a sorting after the needlelike is made, while at Sorting according to other main dimensions in different order one sort by cubicity or platiness takes place, as is the case Fig. 2 is apparent.

$${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{v}}\mathrm{=}\frac{{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{a}}\mathrm{\cdot }\sin \left(\mathrm{\alpha }\mathrm{+}\mathrm{\beta }\right)}{{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{g}}\mathrm{\cdot }\cos \left(\mathrm{\alpha }\right)}$$

$$\mathrm{mit}\mathrm{:}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{a}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{a}$$

$$\mathrm{mit}\mathrm{:}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{g}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{g}$$

$${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{v}}\mathrm{=}\frac{a\mathrm{\cdot }\sin \left(\alpha \mathrm{+}\beta \right)}{g\mathrm{\cdot }\cos \left(\alpha \right)}$$

A sorting according to the grain shape (serial classification) is carried out on the basis of the main dimensions in the embodiments described here by one or more screening devices, wherein the configuration of the screening devices for fulfilling the respective sorting task of the particle shape sorting according to at least one of the main dimensions a, b or c, a particle movement and a Sieböffnungsgeometrie, ie a geometry of openings of the sieve device are considered as a parameter. In this case, the particle movement is described by means of a measure which is formed by the ratio of the components of the acceleration force F _a acting on a particle 1 and the weight F _g acting perpendicular to a classifying plane of the screening device (screen plane). This measure is referred to as sieving or throwing factor S _v . In Fig. 3 is the forces acting on a particle 1 equilibrium in the particle acceleration for the description / determination of possible forms of motion for a screening device 2 shown. The sieve index is calculated as follows: $${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{v}}\mathrm{=}\frac{{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{N}}}{{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{N}}}$$

$${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{v}}\mathrm{=}\frac{{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{a}}\mathrm{\cdot }\sin \left(\mathrm{\alpha }\mathrm{+}\mathrm{\beta }\right)}{{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{G}}\mathrm{\cdot }\cos \left(\mathrm{\alpha }\right)}$$

$$\mathrm{With}\mathrm{:}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{a}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{a}$$

$$\mathrm{With}\mathrm{:}{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{G}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{\cdot }\mathrm{G}$$

$${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{v}}\mathrm{=}\frac{a\mathrm{\cdot }\sin \left(\alpha \mathrm{+}\beta \right)}{G\mathrm{\cdot }\cos \left(\alpha \right)}$$

In this case, m _{p are} a particle mass, α is the angle of attack of a sieve plane (classifying plane) or a classification lining of the sieve device 2, and β is an angle of attack of an oscillating drive of the sieve device. To describe a particle movement along the screen 2 or along a Klassierbelages is between throwing motion with S _v > 1 and a sliding movement S _v ≤ 1 distinguished.

In Fig. 4a and 4b the movement conditions of a round model body are shown in a throwing or sliding movement.

As a sorting device or means for classifying particles 1 preferably vibrating screens (screening devices 2 with a vibrating drive) are used or a screening device 2, which, obliquely, due to their inclination, a sliding movement of the particles 1 along the screening device 2 in the classifying plane at resting screen device. 2 brought about, as shown schematically in Fig. 4b is shown. The screening device 2 may preferably have a circular oscillation, an elliptical oscillation or a plan oscillation. As Sieböffnungsgeometrien, which describe the geometry of the passage openings 3 of a Siebbelages 2, preferably round hole, square hole, oblong hole (as two-dimensional opening geometries), 3D-Quadratloch (three-dimensional opening geometry) or 3D slot (three-dimensional opening geometry) are provided.

Preferably, it is therefore possible to distinguish screening devices or screen coverings 2 with a two-dimensional opening geometry of passage openings (referred to herein as 2D screen coverings) and screen coverings with a three-dimensional geometry of the passage openings (referred to here as 3D screen coverings). Both geometries can also be connected in an (integral) screening device.

For a 2D screen covering 2, the opening geometries of the passage openings 3 are in FIG Fig. 5 shown. Assuming that the dimensions of the opening geometries in the x and y direction should be the same, the opening geometries can be a circular hole or a square hole. In the case of unequal dimensions of the opening geometry of the passage openings 3 in the x and y direction can be distinguished between a rectangular or an elliptical passage opening 3 (s. Fig. 5a to 5d ).

In Fig. 6 possible opening geometries for a three-dimensional screen cover 2 ("3D screen cover") are shown. With the aid of a screen covering 2 having a three-dimensional opening geometry, it is possible in principle for the main dimension a (maximum size dimension, Longitudinal dimension) or after the main dimension c (maximum micro-dimension, thickness) are classified.

Preferably, for a classification according to the main dimension a for the opening geometry in the xz classification plane, a square opening 3 is used, as shown in FIG Fig. 6a, 6b (Sectional view ( Fig. 6a ) and plan view ( Fig. 6b )) is shown. For a classification according to the main dimension c (thickness), a rectangular opening geometry is preferably provided for a passage opening 4 in the xz classification plane. In both cases, a distance w _y decides on a passage of the particle 1 through the sieve geometry.

In the following, an operation of the three-dimensional (3D) opening geometry of the screen covering 2 with a classification according to the main dimension a or c in FIG Fig. 7 shown by the example of an ellipsoid (a>b> c).

As Fig. 7a When using a square opening geometry in the xz plane for classification according to the main dimension a of the particles 1, the particle 1 tilts into the xz plane via an edge 5, since it is forced with its .alpha Main dimension b (width) through the xz plane (class level) to fall. The particle 1 then impinges on a plane 6, which is formed by three-sided cutting and bending an opening defining the square opening of the passage opening during production of the screening device 2 from a perforated plate (see. Fig. 6 A dimension w _min as a vertical dimension between the edge 5 and the plane 6 decides the probability of the passage of the particle 1. Only those particles 1 pass through the formed three-dimensional passage opening, the the assumption a <w _min (see also Fig. 7b ), taking into account the particle center of gravity S, the direction of action of the waveform used (force action direction) and the prevailing friction conditions.

An operation of the 3D screen geometry in a classification according to the main dimension a or according to the main dimension c is in Fig. 8 using the example of an ellipsoid with a>b> c shown.

Fig. 8 illustrates the function of a classification according to the main dimension a with three-dimensional opening geometry of the passage opening 3, again with a square Opening geometry (cf. Fig. 8a ) (In the xz-plane classification plane), the particles 1 (due to a position of its center of gravity S above the edge 5 w _z) into tilts in the xz plane. Assuming that a> b, the particle 1 is forced to fall with the major dimension b (width) through the xz plane (classifying plane). The particle 1 then impinges on the angled plane 6 and not only touches this partially cut and angled part of a forming the classifying perforated plate 2, but also touches the in Fig. 6b edge 5 designated by w _z and the edges w _{x of} the passage opening offset therefrom by 90 ° (cf. Fig. 6b ), ie the particle 1 is supported by three points of contact.

The degree of bending of the plane 6, ie the dimension w _min as a vertical distance between the edge 5 (w _z ) and the plane 6, the position of the center of gravity S, a coefficient of friction of the material pairing particle 1 / Klassier- or Siebbelag 2 and a direction of action the oscillating shape of the vibrating screen used decide on the passage of the particle. 1

There are two options for the passage behavior of the particles 1, depending on the aforementioned parameters. If the center of gravity of Particle 1 is as in Fig. 8a represented above the edge 5, the particle 1 is ejected as a function of its length, the direction of action of the vibration and the prevailing friction conditions. If the center of gravity of Particle 1 is as in Fig. 8a2 represented below the edge 5, the particle 1, depending on its length, the direction of action of the oscillation and the prevailing friction conditions, passes through the 3D square opening geometry.

When using a rectangular opening geometry in the xz planes for classification according to the main dimension c (see FIG. Fig. 8b ) tilts the particle 1 due to a position of its center of gravity S on the edge 5 (w _z ) in the xz-plane, since its main dimension a at the edge 5 (w _z ) on the assumption w _z > w _x aligns (s , Fig. 6d ).

Again, a dimension w _min decides (cf. Fig. 8b ) as a vertical distance between the edge 5 (w _z ) and the plane 6, the position of the center of gravity S, the coefficient of friction of the material pairing particles 1 / classifying or Siebbelag 2 and a direction of action of the oscillating mold used (when the screening device as a vibrating screen) about the passage of the particle 1 through the passage openings 3 of the screen. Only those occur Particle 1 through the sieve geometry, which meet the condition c <w _min (see. Fig. 8b ).

The Fig. 9 and 10 illustrate in a three-dimensional, schematic representation, the behavior of the particles 1 in conjunction with different opening geometries of the screening device 2 for the two particle movements "glide" and "litter" (see. Fig. 4 ).

In the figures, the passage behavior as a function of the opening geometry for acicular products, cuboid products and plate-shaped products, ie for the classification according to a major dimension a, b, or c, is shown. Based on the embodiments described above, with the help of the parameters, opening geometry of the screening device 2 and particle movement ("sliding" and "throwing", cf. Fig. 4 ) a procedural selection for the possible classification are made.

Fig. 11a, b illustrates in a schematic representation of the operating principle of the "double serial classification" with a first classification stage ( Fig. 11a ) for the classification according to a maximum length a, wherein a perforated plate 8 with a round passage opening 3 is shown schematically as a sieve device 2. The diameter of the passage opening 3 is denoted by d _hole , which determines the corresponding maximum length a of the particles 1, in the first classification stage. The perforated plate 8 can by the in Fig. 12 elliptical, linear and plan oscillation excited to form a vibrating screen, said first classifying a second classification stage ( Fig. 11b ) follows, in which a classification according to the particle thickness, ie in the direction of the smallest extent c (here denoted by c) takes place. In this case, a classification by a bar grate 7 or a long mesh fabric may preferably be used as the screening device 2. A bar spacing of the bar grate 7 is denoted by Δs, which determines the corresponding main dimension c of the particles 1, in the second classification stage.

Regarding Fig. 2 (Classification variants) are for each of the variants (s. Fig. 2 , Column 5) the procedural implementation possibilities, based on the parameters "particle movement" and "opening geometries", as in Fig. 9 and 10 shown, determined.

The classification variants relate in each case to the temporal and / or spatial sequence of the first and second classification step for a preferred two-fold serial classification as a function of the respective main dimension in the first and / or second classification step.

As explained, the procedural implementation possibilities for embodiments of the invention are dependent on the particle movement (throw or sliding, cf. Fig. 4 . 9 . 10 ) as well as the opening geometry for two-dimensional passage openings (round hole, oblong hole) or for three-dimensional opening geometries (3D square, 3D rectangle) selected. The exemplary embodiments explained below are based on the abbreviation Fig. 2 (right column 5).

For the variant "NI", ie for the serial classification after the needlelessness with first classification according to the main dimension a and second classification according to the main dimension b (length and width), the particle 1 with S _v1 and a round-hole sieve geometry exists only for a sliding movement in the first classifying step and for a throwing movement of the particles 1 with round hole geometry and S _v > 1 when classifying according to the width during the second classifying in the area of two-dimensional opening geometries of the screening device 2, a preferred method option.

With regard to a three-dimensional screen geometry or opening geometry of the passage openings 3, a preferred procedural option for the particle movement "throw" and "sliding" in each case with square screen openings, but only for the first classification step.

In summary, therefore, only a round or square hole geometry of the passage openings 3 with a sliding movement of the particles 1 in the first classifying step and a throwing motion for the second classifying step (thus separate screening devices 2 with different drive movements), or else an embodiment of the screening device 2 for the classifying variant NI with a three-dimensional opening geometry and square passage openings 3 in the first classifying step, both for a throw and a sliding movement of the particles 1, in combination with round or square hole passage openings 3 and a throwing motion for the vibrating screen 2, in a second classification step as preferred Embodiments considered. When applying a throwing motion can be used in this case for the variant NI so also an integral screening device 2 with first classification after the main dimension a and second classification after the main dimension b on a deck.

Correspondingly, for the variant NII, ie in turn a serial classification according to the needlelessness but with the reverse order of Klassierschritte, ie first classification according to the width of the particles 1 (main dimension b) and subsequent classification according to the main dimension a (length), a preferred combination of methods in the use of a round hole geometry and a throwing motion for the screening device 2 in combination with a sliding movement for the particles 1 in the second classification step In addition to this preferred combination of methods in the area of two-dimensional opening geometries, the possibility of classifying in the second classifying step (thus according to main dimension a) by means of three-dimensional opening configurations of the screening device 2 for both throwing or sliding movement of the particles 1 to effect.

Here, too, there is thus the possibility of an integral screening device 2 for the first and second classification with respect to a screen drive, which gives the particles 1 a throwing motion or with separate training of the second screening device 2 and separate implementation of the second classification also the possibility of this Classification also be realized by means of sliding movement of the particles 1.

Another classification variant RI classifies the particles according to the cubicity of the particles 1 in the combination classification according to the main dimension a (first classification) and subsequent classification according to the main dimension c (thickness; Fig. 1 ). In this case, for example, with an inclined, stationary screening device 2 for establishing a sliding movement of the particles 1 and forming the screening device 2 with a round hole geometry for the first classifying step and a slot geometry for the second classification step classifying the cubicity can be achieved, alternatively, the classification according to the Thickness in a throwing motion with slot geometry of the openings 3 preferably to achieve.

Alternatively, a corresponding combination is also possible with the design of the screening device 2 for the second classification step as a three-dimensional opening geometry with rectangular passage openings 4 for a common sliding movement of the particles 1 in the first or second classification step. Alternatively, such a sliding movement in three-dimensional opening geometry in the first classification step (classification according to main dimension a) for a throwing or sliding movement with square passage opening 3 is preferably procedurally feasible, as well as the combination of three-dimensional Opening geometries with square openings 3 in throwing or sliding movement of the particles 1 with the same motion regime in the second classification step at rectangular openings 4 (see. Fig. 5 and 6 ).

Further classification variants according to Fig. 2 for the serial classification according to the cubicity by interchanging the classifying steps 1 and 2, the variant RII and the two variants of the method in classification according to the platiness for the variants PI and PII, from which at the same time (as explained above) corresponding constructive configurations for the screening devices on the one hand, as well as with regard to common or separate vibration drives, on the other hand.

From a combination of procedural preferred variants with constructive solution variants with regard to possible vibration modes for the screening device (cf. Fig. 12 ) or associated angle of attack α, z. For example, for fixedly arranged, inclined screens and the possible coupling of the first and second classification step, preferred constructive configurations for a sorting machine or for sorting processes depending on the desired sorting result (classifying the shape on the basis of Hauptparametem of the particle) to win ,

Basically, with regard to the vibration geometries on the Fig. 12 Referenced.

In this case, the parameter "angle of attack α" is defined by two options. Either the sieve plane (classification plane) is set at a certain angle or tilted, then α> 0 or the sieve plane or classification plane is arranged horizontally, this is denoted by α = 0. In this case, a combination of angle of attack and mode of vibration is considered to be preferred if the combination of oscillation and / or angle of attack ensures transport of the particles 1 as feed material in the classifying plane (along the screening plane).

As already explained, a third element for the advantageous embodiment of the sorting method is the possibility of integrating the first classification and the second classification integrally with a common screening device (which permits the construction of compact sorting machines), taking into account the investigated parameters opening geometry of the Passages and particle movement (throw or slide) for an integral screening device, which can perform both classification steps in sections, in principle only those configurations come into consideration, which allow the use of the same waveform or excitation form for the particle transport in the classification level (same waveform).

An exception here is only the use of a circular and pitch circle oscillation in coupled operation, which can be realized by combining positively driven circular oscillation and coupling rod. Such an embodiment is as a mechanical equivalent circuit diagram in Fig. 13 shown. Here, the screening device 2 on the one hand (articulation point A) are excited by a circular oscillation, while the screening device 21 at its other end (articulation point B) is given an elliptical or bow oscillation by means of appropriate articulation of a coupling rod 10 with vibration in the arrow direction.

In such a case, the screening device 2 can also contain two classification regions for a first classification in the left region and a second classification in the right region of the screening device 2.

The combination of design requirements, combined with process engineering solution conditions, allow a preferred selection of process guides and design variants for the process and device engineering design of sorting machines according to preferred embodiments, the at least a first and second classification, to obtain sorted fractions of particles of defined particle shape to lead.

It is emphasized at this point that the first and second classification can also be performed at great temporal or spatial distance by individual units (up to the manual execution in connection with small task quantities), whereby in the combination of the first and second classification always the desired sorting result according to the grain shape and, as desired, according to one of the three main dimensions of the particles is achieved.

The third classification may also be followed by a third classification according to the particle shape or a further sorting according to other particle properties or parameters, which may be of importance particularly for particle mixtures of different materials. So it can also be a combination of serial classifications (= sort after grain shape) with at least two levels of classification in combination with sorting by other particle parameters or properties. Preferably, to reduce the grain size influence, which superimposes the Komformeffekt and thus the sorting effect in a negative way, carried out by the first classifying a fractionation or this fractionation is combined with the first classification step.

From the above-mentioned compound of the procedurally preferred solutions with the structurally possible or preferred solutions, leads to the formation of technically feasible solutions.

Also prior to the first classification, possibly in unit with the classification according to the particle size (fractionation), sorting according to other parameters of the particles, such as density, electrical or thermal conductivity o. The like. Be made. The two-fold serial classifying can thus be integrated in process guides of another type, in continuous or interrupted, section-wise process management.

In Fig. 14 is again corresponding to the representation of the principle of action of the "two-fold serial classification" for "fractionation" of the particulate feed material 1 in a needle, cubic or platy "fraction" schematically a screening device 2 with a perforated plate 8 as a screening device 2 in the first classification stage (classification in Length classes) and subsequently a bar grate 7 as screening device 2 in the second classification stage for classification in thickness classes, so that the result is a sorting according to the cubicity (classification according to the main dimensions a and c), wherein the screening device 2 excited here via a linear oscillator becomes.

Fig. 15 schematically illustrates a procedural model with task and classification in length classes in the first classification stage and classification in thickness classes in the second classification stage to obtain a non-cubic fraction in Siebunterlauf, while in the Sieboberlauf a cubic fraction is obtained, which is optionally fed to a further classification.

In this case, the first classification step also serves to minimize the grain size influence, which often superimposes the grain shape effect and thus the sorting effect in a negative manner, so that the first classification stage at the same time a fractionation of the feedstock 1 (here in two fractions) acts.

The following figures describe preferred embodiments of sorting devices (sorting machines), each differing in their sorting according to the needlelessness, cubicity or platiness and depending on the design with performing the first and second Klassierschrittes on a screening device 2 or on two separate screening devices. 2

Fig. 16 to 18 illustrate a sorting machine 10 for sorting by the Nadeligkeit, ie according to the dimensions a and b, wherein both Klassierschritte on a deck, that is performed with an integral screening device 2. The screening devices 2 in the sorting machine or sorting device 10, which are located in a housing 11 which is spring-loaded via support springs 12, in this case have 3D square holes 3 in connection with round holes 13 of a perforated plate 8. There are three fractions in the area of the first classifying step (3D square holes 3) provided, with a material task is provided at 14.

In the Fig. 16 to 18 shown sorting machine 10 consists of three superimposed classification levels for coarse, middle and fine material. The screening device 2 forms a screening surface for the longitudinal dimension a of the particles 1. In the second classification step, the round holes 13 are used to classify them according to the particle width b.

From the corresponding decks 15 to 17, with the coarse material, medium and fine material classified according to needleliness, this passes into a housing 18 of a product discharge, in which the discharge chutes 19 to 21 for the non-needle coarse, middle and fine material are located, as well as the corresponding Austragschurren 22 to 24 for the needle-shaped coarse material, medium and fine material.

At 25 an undersize discharge is designated.

In the schematic side view of the housing for the product discharge is a discharge for needle-like material with 26 and a discharge for non-needle-like material denoted by 27. In this case, therefore, the coarse, middle and fine material sorted by the needlelet is brought together again. It is of course also possible to maintain the fractions and to avoid a common merge in the discharge 26 (or 27).

In the Fig. 19 to 21 is a further embodiment of a sorter or sorting machine 10 according to the needles shown schematically, in which case the first and second classification stage are separated from each other and on two decks, that is, two each separated for each fraction screening 2 is performed.

In this case, sieve devices 2 designed as perforated plate 8 are used in the first and second classification stage.

Again, three fractions (coarse, middle and fine) are formed.

For the rest, reference is made to the description of the embodiment with integral screening device.

In the FIGS. 22 to 24 is a sorting machine 10 or sorting device 10 for sorting by cubicity shown in a schematic representation.

The integral screening device 2 is in this case formed as a perforated plate 8 in conjunction with a bar grate 7. Again, three fractions are formed and there is first a sorting in coarse, medium and fine material by cubicity, so that discharge 26 non-cubic material, can be formed and discharged in the discharge 27 cubic material in bringing together the three fractions.

Again, of course, can be dispensed with a merger of the fractions coarse, medium and fine and in each case the sorted by the cubicity and the particle size material from the sorting device are removed.

In a similar manner as for the sorting device or sorting machine 10 according to the Nadeligkeit according to the Fig. 19 to 21 is also in the Fig. 25 to 27 a sorting according to cubicity on two decks, that is, with separation of the first and second classification step on two screens 2 shown. Incidentally, the same reference numerals denote the same elements as in the previous embodiments Fig. 16 ,

Finally, a corresponding representation in the Fig. 28 to 30 for sorting into three size fractions after the plate with a perforated plate and 3D rectangular openings in the first and second classifying step by means of an integral unitary screening device 2, while in the FIGS. 31 to 33 a sorting for the slabiness is shown by distributing the first and second classifying step to two separate screening devices 2. Again, reference is made to the previous explanations with the corresponding reference numerals with respect to the individual elements.

By the invention, an advantageous sorting of particles according to the particle shape is possible, which leads to much more efficient sorting processes and optimized or completely new material properties. For example, a significantly improved packing density as well as isotropy or anisotropy can be achieved when using suitable presorted particles. The processability or reactivity of particles can also be modified. In addition, the eligibility of materials can be significantly improved if previously preceded by an advantageous sorting of particles according to the invention.

The invention is used, inter alia, but not exclusively, for sorting processes in agriculture, such as in the harvesting and processing of fruits, vegetables, berries and cereals, in seeds, fertilizers, animal feed, spices, coffee beans, nuts, tobacco, tea, Eggs or other animal products, as well as fish, meat or (intermediate) products thereof, and waste or by-products resulting therefrom; in the industry for the cleaning or processing of raw materials such as chippings, crushed stone, ores, coal, salts, wood materials and semi-finished or intermediate products, natural or synthetic bulk materials or powders such as lime, cement, fibers, coke, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, plastics and their aggregates, composites, ceramics, glass, metal, wood chips, aggregates for industrial processes, blasting or polishing media, screws, nails, coins, gemstones, semi-precious stones, scrap, recyclates or other waste streams, bulk materials or powders in the chemical or pharmaceutical industries , such as washing powder, pigments, beds for reactors, catalysts, medicinal or cosmetic active ingredients and excipients or tablets.

Claims (44)

Method for sorting particles (1), wherein in a temporal and / or spatial sequence particles in at least two classification stages are sorted according to their particle shape. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorting of the particles (1) according to their particle geometry (a, b, c) takes place. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the sorting of the particles (1) according to their parameters needleiness and / or cubicity and / or platiness takes place. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that a sorting according to one of these parameters of a sorting according to at least one other of these parameters is temporally and / or spatially arranged upstream. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a sorting by two- or three-dimensional classification takes place. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the classification is carried out in a vibrating or non-vibrating, preferably inclined Klassierebene. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the classifying plane has rectangular, in particular square, and / or elliptical, in particular circular, passage openings. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the particles (1) in the region of the passage openings (3; 4) along an inclined plane (6) are guided. A method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a passage opening is determined by a vertical distance of the plane from an opposite, the passage opening bounding edge (5) in the classifying plane. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 2 to 7, characterized in that first a classification of the particles (1) after a maximum particle size (a), in particular a particle length, and then a classification of the particles after the maximum particle size substantially perpendicular, mean particle expansion (b), in particular a particle width occurs. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that then a classification of the particles (1) after the maximum particle size (a), in particular the particle length, and then a classification of the particles (1) after the maximum and average particle size substantially perpendicular, minimum Particle expansion (c), in particular a particle thickness or subsequently first a classification of the particles (1) by the maximum particle size vertical mean particle size (b), in particular a particle width, and then a classification of the particles (1) after the maximum and average Particle expansion substantially vertical, minimal particle expansion (c), in particular a particle thickness occurs. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 3 to 11, characterized in that a sequence of a sorting of the particles (1) according to their needleiness and / or cubicity and / or platiness is chosen freely. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a classification of the particles (1) takes place in each case by sieving. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a sorting of the particles (1) by classification in at least one classification level with a moving or stationary sieve means (2) and predetermined opening geometries of passage openings takes place. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the sorting is carried out by classifying the particles (1) with a moving sieve by circular, elliptical, linear or plane oscillation or with a stationary sieve with an inclined sieve plane. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a classification of the particles (1) by means of sieves with openings of predetermined opening geometries, in particular round hole, long hole, 3D-square hole or 3D slot, especially in combination, takes place. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 6 to 16, characterized in that an oscillation frequency and / or an amplitude of a vibrating screen are set particle-specifically for setting a predetermined particle movement. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the sorting is carried out by classifying the particles (1) after the maximum particle expansion (a) with a predetermined round hole, slot, 3D square hole or a 3D rectangular hole. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the sorting is performed by classifying the particles (1) according to the maximum particle size (a) substantially perpendicular, average particle size (b) with a predetermined round hole. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the sorting is performed by classifying the particles (1) according to the maximum particle size (a) substantially perpendicular, minimum particle size (c) with a predetermined slot or 3D rectangular hole becomes. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the sorting of the particles (1) is preceded by fractionation. A method according to claim 21, characterized in that particles (1) of different fractions are sorted in parallel in a common device by classification. A method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that a fractionation of the particles (1) takes place together with a first sorting by classification. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the sorting takes place in at least two classification stages of a common sorting device (2). A method according to claim 24, characterized in that the sorting takes place for both Klassierstufen with one, in particular common perforated plate. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the sorting takes place in at least two classification stages with separate sorting devices (2) in separate housings (11). Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the sorting by classifying the particles (1) according to the maximum particle size (a) substantially perpendicular minimum particle size (c) with a bar grate with a predetermined bar spacing (Δs) or a long mesh fabric having a predetermined mesh pitch (Δs) as the screen means (2). Device for sorting particles (1) of a feed material according to their particle shape with a classifying device for classifying the particles (1), in particular for carrying out the method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 26, with a first classifying device for classifying the particles (1) Main dimension (a) of the particles, in particular a maximum particle size (a), and a second classifying device for classifying the particles according to a further main dimension of the particles (1), in particular an average particle size (b), which is substantially perpendicular to the maximum particle size of the aforementioned major dimension , Device for sorting particles (1) of a feed material according to their particle shape with a first classification device for classifying the particles (1) according to their maximum particle size (a), in particular a particle length, and a third classifying device for classifying the particles (1) according to a maximum and average particle size substantially perpendicular, minimum particle size (c) or with a second classification means for classifying the particles (1) to a maximum particle size (a) substantially perpendicular, average particle size (b) and a third classifying means for classifying the particles (1) according to a minimum particle size (c) substantially perpendicular to the maximum and average particle size (a, b). Apparatus according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that a temporal and / or spatial order of the classifying means is variable. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the first and / or second and / or third classification means is a first and / or second and / or third screening device (2). Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 31, characterized in that at least two classification devices are designed to be integral, in particular by an integrated screening device with openings of different opening geometry are formed. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 21 to 31, characterized in that the at least two classifying devices are designed separately from each other, in particular by separate sieve means (2) are formed with passage openings (13) of the same or different opening geometry. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 33, characterized in that the classifying devices as sieve devices are circular, elliptical, linear or planar oscillators or a fixed classification plane is formed by an inclined arranged sieve device. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 34, characterized in that at least one classifying device comprises a screening device (2) with passage openings of predetermined opening geometries, in particular round hole (13), slot, 3D square hole (3) or 3D slot (4), especially in combination with each other. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 35, characterized in that at least one classifying device is designed as a vibrating sieve (2), with an oscillation frequency and / or amplitude, the product specific for setting a predetermined particle movement, in particular a predetermined particle throw are adjustable , Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 36, characterized in that the classifying device for classifying the particles after a maximum particle expansion (a) a screening device (2) with a hole pattern with a predetermined round hole, slot, 3D square hole or 3D slot , in particular in combination with each other. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 37, characterized in that the classifying device for classifying the particles by the maximum particle size (a) substantially perpendicular, mean particle size (b) a sieve (2) having a predetermined hole diameter (D _hole ), in particular a perforated plate, or a screening device having a predetermined mesh size. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 38, characterized in that the classifying device for classifying the particles according to the maximum particle size (a, b) substantially perpendicular, minimum particle size (c) is a screening device (2), the is formed of rods or a long mesh fabric, with a predetermined bar or mesh spacing (Δs) or a 3D rectangular hole covering. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 39, characterized by a first and second classification device designed as first and second screening device in a common housing and / or with a common drive device and / or with a conveying device guiding the particles via the classifying devices. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 27 to 38, characterized in that the first screening device is classified according to a maximum particle length, the second screening device is classified according to an average particle length that is substantially perpendicular to the maximum particle width and the third screening device is provided for classifying the particles according to a particle diameter and / or particle width substantially perpendicular, maximum particle thickness. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 28 to 41, characterized by a fractionating unit and a sorting unit in a common housing, wherein in the sorting unit a classification is carried out according to at least one of maximum particle length and / or maximum particle width and / or maximum particle thickness. Apparatus according to claim 42, characterized in that a fractional unit is at the same time a first classifying device. Use of a device according to at least one of claims 28 to 43 for carrying out a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 26, or for sorting coal for blast furnaces or sorting of gravel / grit or for powder processing or for sorting beds for fixed bed reactors according to their particle shape.

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