EP2277633B1 - Method and device for selective sorting of particles by size - Google Patents
Method and device for selective sorting of particles by size Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2277633B1 EP2277633B1 EP09009288A EP09009288A EP2277633B1 EP 2277633 B1 EP2277633 B1 EP 2277633B1 EP 09009288 A EP09009288 A EP 09009288A EP 09009288 A EP09009288 A EP 09009288A EP 2277633 B1 EP2277633 B1 EP 2277633B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- classification
- particles
- plane
- passage openings
- particle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/003—Separation of articles by differences in their geometrical form or by difference in their physical properties, e.g. elasticity, compressibility, hardness
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the selective classification of particles according to their size.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device for classifying particles, which allow the quality of the classification, i. to increase the selectivity thereof considerably over conventional classifying methods and apparatus.
- An essential aspect of the present invention is thus to classify particles according to their size, in particular according to one of their three main dimensions in a Euclidean space (Cartesian coordinate system), in particular length, width or thickness, wherein the particular quality or selectivity of this classification achieved thereby is that for this purpose according to the invention three-dimensional classier effective passage openings of a (three-dimensional) Siebungs Jardin be used. Due to this, it is surprisingly possible, in comparison to the aforementioned conventional flat screen geometries (2D screen geometries), to classify significantly more sharply than before.
- document FR 2 434 656 discloses a device for sorting capsules whereby a three-dimensional screening effect is made possible by two parallel plates.
- the present invention is based on a novel generation of three-dimensional screening structures with three-dimensionally classier passage openings, wherein preferably one of the three maximum main dimensions of length, width or thickness is classified and the particle dimensions are defined using these main dimensions. Therefore, in contrast to conventional methods, space size classification takes place, resulting in a drastic increase in classifying quality and quality.
- the classification is carried out in at least one vibrating and / or preferably a tilted classifying plane, the particles preferably being moved in a throw or sliding motion along or in connection with a classifying plane, preferably rectangular, e.g. square, and / or elliptical, e.g. having circular passage openings in three-dimensional design, wherein the particles are preferably moved in the region of the three-dimensional passage openings along an inclined plane.
- a classifying plane preferably rectangular, e.g. square, and / or elliptical, e.g. having circular passage openings in three-dimensional design, wherein the particles are preferably moved in the region of the three-dimensional passage openings along an inclined plane.
- non-vibrating classifying plane Depending on the classification parameter, in particular one of the pairing of material sieve structure particles, has a screening structure, which is used for classification, at least in the region of the passage openings a predetermined depending on the respective main dimension friction coefficient, in particular a predetermined static friction.
- the highest possible coefficient of adhesion is provided for a classification of a particle mixture or a particle fraction according to the main dimension of length a in the region of the three-dimensionally classifying passage openings, while in the case of a Classification according to one of the main dimensions width b or thickness c in the region of the three-dimensional classier effective passages of the 3D screening structure the lowest possible coefficient of friction, in particular coefficient of adhesion coefficient is selected, wherein the static coefficient of the Siebungs Vietnamese selected as a function of friction pairing particle coating and preferably a respectively adapted Klassierbelag is used for the corresponding screening structure, at least in the region of the three-dimensional passage openings.
- each classifying plane (sieve level) having its own discharge device.
- the device according to the invention is characterized by a classifying device with a sieving structure with three-dimensionally classier passage openings, preferably designed as upwardly projecting from one base of the classification level Aufstellklappen (or channels) on a particle task side of Siebungs Modell or on the other hand from a base of Classifying level of the screening structure emerging leaking flaps (or channels), on the exit side of the screening structure.
- the deployment flaps or channels are located on a top (particle feed side) of the screen structure, while the deployment flaps or channels are on a bottom (particle exit side) of the screen structure.
- the Aufstellklappen arranged on a particle-feed side of a Siebungsbelages are arranged opposite to a transport direction of the particles along the classifying plane, for classification according to the main dimension length a of the particles, while
- Aufstell- or failure flaps, which limit the associated three-dimensional installation or failure channels of the openings are arranged in accordance or opposite to a direction of transport of the particles along the classifying plane, when classified according to a major dimension thickness c of the particles, while classified according to the main dimension width b the Aufstell- or failure flaps and limited by this three-dimensional installation or failure channels
- Passage openings preferably arranged in accordance with a transport direction of the particles along the classifying plane are.
- the passage openings can also be arranged oriented in the opposite direction to the transport direction of the particles.
- a particle 1 is the geometry of a particle 1, as in Fig. 1 wherein this classification of a preferably consisting of free-flowing particles, which may be any bulk material, the main dimensions of the particle, namely its maximum length a, its mean main dimension, width b and its minimum major dimension, thickness c, which is three defined in the Cartesian coordinate system main dimensions of the particle 1 in the main axes X, Y, Z by a regular body, such.
- an ellipsoid having the main dimensions of length a, width b and thickness c is used, the volume of this enveloping ellipsoid being minimal.
- the ratio of the three main dimensions (length a, width b, thickness c) can be described by a>b> c, where A is perpendicular to b, b is perpendicular to v and v is perpendicular to a.
- the task of a high-quality classification according to one of the three main dimensions can be defined.
- the 3D-classification proposed here which is understood to be a classification using three-dimensionally classed throughflow openings, results in a surprisingly high-quality and selective classification achieved, with a significant reduction of clamping grain is achieved without special cleaning facilities are used.
- 3D-classification In a three-dimensional, ie using three-dimensional classier wisheser passages made high-resolution size classification of particles according to a main dimension thereof (also referred to in the context of this application as "3D-classification"), it is both for the establishment of a physical-procedural model as well as for Definition of different solution variants makes sense to select suitable descriptors that can be used to describe the function of 3D classification geometry (classification documents, screen structures).
- the parameters used here are a particle movement, a sieve opening geometry, ie a geometry of three-dimensional Classifying effective passage openings of the screening device with their characteristic dimensions and the depending on the Klassieriergabe considerable, prevailing or fixed friction conditions.
- the particle movement is described by means of a measure which is described by the ratio of the components of the acceleration force F a acting on a particle 1 and the weight F g , which are perpendicular to a classifying plane of a classifying device (sieve device).
- This measure is referred to as sieving or throwing factor S v .
- Fig. 2 is the forces acting on a particle 1 equilibrium in the particle acceleration due to a linear vibration for the description / determination of possible movement occurrences for a screening device (classifier 2) shown.
- m p denotes a particle mass
- ⁇ an angle of attack of a sieve plane (classifying plane) or a classification lining of the sieving or classifying device 2
- ⁇ an effective angle of the acceleration force as a result of an oscillating drive of the screening or classifying device 2.
- Fig. 3 the movement conditions of a round model body in a throwing or sliding movement on the example of an inclined Klassierbelages (classifier 2) are shown.
- a sorting device or means for classifying particles 1 preferably vibrating screens (screening devices 2 with a vibrating drive) are used or a screening device 2, which, obliquely, due to their inclination, a sliding movement of the particles 1 along the screening device 2 in the classifying plane at resting screen device. 2 brought about, as shown schematically in Fig. 3 is shown.
- the screening device 2 may preferably have a circular oscillation, an elliptical oscillation, a linear oscillator or a plane oscillation.
- the sieve opening geometry describes the geometry of the passage openings 3 of the sieving or classification coating 2 (which forms the classifying device).
- the opening geometries can be distinguished in an XY plane and in an XZ plane or a Y / Z plane.
- the former is in Fig. 4 shown on the left for a circular or a square passage opening 3, while on the right in Fig. 4 two examples of different dimensions of the passage openings 3 in the X direction and Y direction are shown as rectangular or elliptical passage openings.
- one of the above-described "two-dimensional" opening geometries in the XY plane in the XZ or YZ plane is preferably provided with an inclined plane which extends along one of the spatial axes X or Y at a defined angle y is arranged to the plane XY.
- a vertical opening with the dimensions w x - w z or w y - w z is shown in the selection of a square or rectangular opening geometry in the XY plane.
- the inclined plane can be used as a flap 4, as in Fig. 5 shown or as a lift-5, as in Fig. 6 shown executed.
- Fig. 6a shows a 3D square hole as a passage opening 3
- Fig. 6b a 3D rectangular hole with lift-up 5 shows.
- Fig. 7 shows the classification according to the main dimension length a, once in the case of the use of three-dimensional classier effective passage openings 3 with flap 4 in Fig. 7a or the execution of passages 3 with Aufstellklappe 5, shown schematically in sectional view or plan view respectively in Fig. 7b ,
- the classification according to the main dimension length a is explained using the example of a square opening geometry, ie with a square passage opening 3 in the XY plane, a sieve index S v > 1 (throwing motion) and a failure flap 4 or raising flap 5 directed counter to the material transport direction.
- Fig. 7 is an example of the use of a failure 4 and a flap 5 for the classification according to the main dimension length a represented by a 3D square hole.
- the particle 1 is held in alignment by the xy plane as it is "threaded through.”
- the particle tilts 1 and is characterized by at least three points A1, A2, A3 (see Fig. 7a ) held.
- the arrows of a possible direction of movement in Fig. 7 indicate a possible direction of movement of the particle 1.
- a high static friction coefficient of the friction pairing particle screen covering the classifier is provided .
- high static friction coefficients are required for the friction conditions in the classification according to the maximum main dimension length a, in the context of the present application preferably a static friction coefficient of ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, in particular ⁇ ⁇ 0.7.
- the particle 1 for classification according to the maximum main dimension length a in the in Fig. 1a below, held by the contact at the points A1, A2 and / or A3 conditional, erected position and thus remains on the screen cover or on the classifier and does not slip through the passage opening 3 (like the other particles that do not pass through the Design of Siebbelages depending on the feed defined, have predetermined length a and thus pass through the passage opening 3).
- the movement of the classification coating or the classifying device ensures that the particle 1 is held in its defined orientation and can thus be classified according to a position of its center of gravity S according to the length a. Without a sufficiently high static coefficient of friction, the particle 1 would, as in Fig. 7a shown, tilted and not held by the contact point A1 in contact with the failure flap 4 and can slide with its width through the resulting between the XY plane and the failure flap 4 passage opening.
- FIG. 7b An analogous embodiment, but with the use of a lift-up flap 5 (of course, the classifying device or the screen lining has a plurality of such Aufstellklappen 5, or in the execution Fig. 7a Deflation flaps 4, on) shows Fig. 7b , wherein also with such a raising flap 5, which emerges from a base B of the classifying plane upwards, can also be classified according to the maximum main dimension length a. If a particle 1 using the classifying 3D Aufstellklappengeometrie according to Fig. 7b The selection of the sieve index stimulates a throwing motion, as in Fig. 7 shown to erect the particle 1 with its width b parallel to XY plane.
- the particle 1 By aligning the lift-off flap 5 opposite to the material transport direction, the particle 1 is held in its orientation when placed on the XY plane. Again, the particle 1 tilts when hitting the same on the XY plane and is held by at least three points B1, B2, B3. In this case too, it must be ensured by the choice of the material of the classification coating or screen coating and the classifying device that a high static friction coefficient ⁇ is present for the friction pairing particle classification coating or surface coating of the classifier ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.3). Preferably, a friction coefficient of ⁇ ⁇ 0.7 is provided. In the movement of the Klassierbelages is thus ensured that the particle 1 is held in its defined orientation and placement and thus can be classified according to the position of its center of gravity S to the length a. Again, would tilt without a sufficiently high coefficient of static friction of the particles 1 and can slide with its width through the resulting between the XY plane and the raising flap 5 passage opening 3.
- the classification according to the main dimension width b is based on Fig. 8a and Fig. 8b in each case again for the execution of the classifying covering or the classifying device with a failure flap 4 ( Fig. 8a ) or raising flap 5 ( Fig. 8b ) explained.
- a failure flap 4 Fig. 8a
- a screen index S v ⁇ 1 sliding movement
- an opened in material transport direction failure flap 4 the particles 1 can be classified according to their width b. If a particle 1 is stimulated to slide by the choice of sieve index (S v ⁇ 1), as in Fig.
- the failure flap 4 and preferably a parallel extending from an opposite edge of the passage opening 3 failure flap 4a (the failure flaps 4, 4a can an integral tube to form the passageway 6 be) is formed.
- circular passageway with an opening diameter w ö is a classification according to the particle width b.
- the particle to be classified 1 falls with its main dimension a (length) in the passageway 6 and touches this passageway 6 in at least one point C1, while at the same time in a further point C2 with the edge of the passage opening 3 in contact.
- the lowest possible coefficient of static friction ⁇ for the frictional pairing particle classification device must be selected. in particular with a static friction coefficient ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, so that a "sticking" of the particle 1 in the passageway 6 is prevented.
- a selection of the coefficient of friction for the friction pairing between particle and classifying device or screen deck or classification coating is to be provided for classification according to the main dimension length a and depending on the type of particles 1 to be classified or Material of the classifier, ie the surface of the Klassierbelages 2, along which move the particles 1 to select or set up. Particles that do not have this width b defined as a classification criterion (particles with a greater width) remain on the screen surface.
- Fig. 8b schematically illustrates a classification according to the main dimension width b using a square opening geometry in the XY plane (3D square hole), a screen index S v ⁇ 1 (sliding) and an up to the Materialtransportraum opening flap 5 classified by the also width b can be. If in this case a particle 1 is excited by the choice of the sieve index S v ⁇ 1 to a sliding movement along the classifier, the particle 1 slides, as in Fig. 8b shown in the XY plane on the square passage opening 3 (3D square hole) of the Aufstellklappengeometrie and touches them in at least one point C2.
- the particle 1 rotates due to the moment acting on the particle 1 in the opening geometry of the passage opening 3 with raising flap 5 in the XZ plane or moves around it.
- the material of the classifying device or the screen lining it is necessary, in coordination with the material of the particles 1, to ensure that the friction pairing particle classification coating or classification device has the lowest possible coefficient of static friction, so that a "sticking" of the particle 1 is prevented in the opening geometry of the 3D passage opening 3 with raising flap 5.
- a coefficient of static friction ⁇ ⁇ 0.3 is preferably selected.
- a classification according to the main dimension c is likewise made both with reference to an embodiment of the classifier with a failure flap 4 (FIG. Fig. 9a ) as well as an embodiment with lift-up flap 5 (FIG. Fig. 9b ).
- a sieve index S v ⁇ 1 sliding movement
- an opened in material transport direction failure flap 4 after the main dimension thickness c of the particles 1 are classified.
- the 3D rectangular opening is preferably arranged with its long side at right angles to the material transport direction, as shown in FIG Fig. 9a is shown.
- the choice of the static friction coefficient of the friction pairing particle sieve or screen cover material or surface of the classifier must be as low as possible (in particular ⁇ ⁇ 0.3), since such a "sticking" of Particles 1 in the passageway 6 is prevented.
- Fig. 9b schematically illustrates the execution of a classifying device for classifying the main dimension thickness c by means of raising flap 5 using a rectangular opening geometry in the XZ plane of a sieve index S v ⁇ 1 (sliding) and an open opposite the material transport direction Aufstellklappe.
- the rectangular opening geometry (3D rectangular hole) is arranged with its long side at right angles to the material transport direction. If a particle 1 is excited by the choice of the sieve index S v ⁇ 1 to a sliding movement, it comes as Fig. 9b to align the particle 1 with its major dimension length a along the longest dimension of the rectangular opening geometry of the deployment flap 5 in the XY plane.
- the classification according to the particle thickness c is defined by the minimum distance between the raising flap 5 and the XY plane.
- the coefficient of static friction is at a value ⁇ ⁇ 0.3. Particles (thicker particles) that do not correspond to the dimension of the specified thickness c as a classification criterion remain on the classification coating.
- a particle movement (sieve code), an opening geometry of the classifying 3D passage openings, an opening geometry of the passage openings in the XY plane or YZ plane, an opening geometry in the XZ or YZ plane as well as the friction coefficients of the friction pattern particle material of the sieve structure (classifying device) which are significant as a function of the classifying task is a multitude of possible embodiments (at least 6 or more) for the classification according to the particle length a or particle width b and the particle thickness c of the Particles 1 as possibilities of procedural implementation of the method according to the invention, taking into account the aforementioned parameters.
- Fig. 10 shows schematically using a Eindecksiebes 7 a basic, device-technical implementation of a classifying device with a Eindecksieb 7 for a classification according to the main dimension a. Without it being shown in detail, takes place here, as based on Fig. 7a (bottom left), a passage of the discontinuous particulate material through the Eindecksieb 7, in so far as the particles have no length a, which led to a persistence of particles 1 on the Eindecksieb 7 and thus for classification after the main dimension length a, as shown in FIG Fig. 7a is shown.
- Each screen deck 8-10 provides a predetermined size of the maximum length a and thus determines the result of fractionation and size classification in coarse, medium and fine material.
- Fig. 12 shows a schematic representation of a screen deck 11 as a classifier for a classification also after the main dimension length a, wherein such a screen deck 11 z. B. may consist of polyurethane, so that the lift-up 5 is not z. B. bending out of a base B of the classifying plane or classifying device to create the passage openings 3, but for example by separate injection molding of synthetic resin or plastic are formed and in their width, the passage openings 3 project beyond, as is apparent Fig. 12c (A sectional view along the line AA) in the plan view of the screen deck 11 after Fig. 12b results.
- Other materials such as wood or ceramic (cast), can be used for the screen deck to suit the material of the particles to be classified.
- Fig. 12c shows a sectional view of the screen deck 11 in a schematic representation, as already in connection with Fig. 12a (Longitudinal section) explained.
- a further embodiment of the device-technical design or implementation for a classification of particles 1 according to their main dimension length a clarifies in a schematic representation Fig. 13 ,
- a thickness d of the screen deck 11 and the classifier is chosen so large that the passage opening develop a three-dimensional Klassier effetkeit and within a material thickness (material thickness d) of Siebbelages 11, the failure flaps 4 are formed practically within and integral with the screen deck, so that the appropriate Opening channels 6 of the classifying 3D openings (here 3D-square holes) are formed within the thickness of the screen deck 11 and this has a plane-parallel configuration, from which no projections protrude.
- such a classifying device can also be produced very advantageously by injection molding or other casting-technological shaping processes, in the case of manufacture from metal by means of corresponding oblique hole punching, milling.
- Fig. 14 shows a device implementation of a classification according to the main dimension length a with a screen deck 11 which is disposed within a housing 12 which is spring-mounted on support springs 13, in which case 3D-square holes are provided as passage openings 3.
- An in Fig. 14a schematically indicated discharge hopper 14 (also referred to as Unterkornaustrag) is the collection particulate material that does not meet the classification condition main dimension length a and have passed through the openings 3 of the screen deck in conjunction with the flaps 4 through the classifying plane formed by the screen deck 11.
- the classified according to length a as the main dimension particulate material remains on the screen deck 11 are (as shown in Figures 7a and 11, respectively) and is discharged via a discharge chute 15.
- the Austragsschurre 15 is shown as extending over the entire width of the housing 12 of the classifying machine, without this having to be mandatory.
- Fig. 15 shows a sorting machine 16 as a multi-deck machine with three screen decks 11 for each classification by main dimension a (length), but for different fractions (size classes of a) according to the explanations in the schematic representation Fig. 11 to which reference is made accordingly.
- a plurality of fractions of particle material classified according to the length a which is placed on the upper screen deck 11, can be produced at the same time and can be removed laterally separated by corresponding discharge chutes 15.
- the undersize discharge or discharge hopper 14 serves to collect the particulate matter that does not correspond to the "fractionated" classing condition length a.
- the classifying hole geometries (openings 3) are designed as 3D square holes.
- Fig. 16 illustrates a schematic representation of a device embodiment for a classification according to the particle width b as the main dimension using Aufstellklappen 5, comparable to the embodiment of a classification according to dimension a with Aufstellklappen after Fig. 12 ,
- the determination of the dimension w y which defines the minimum opening width of the raising flap 5 in the YZ plane, here determines the classification according to the particle width b.
- the lowest possible coefficient of friction in the friction pairing particles screen deck 11 is selected ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, coefficient of static friction) to ensure a smooth and pinch-free passage of the particles 1 through the passage opening 3 in the area of the raising flap 5.
- Fig. 17 shows an embodiment of a screen deck 11 in sectional view ( Fig. 17a ) in plan view with circular or elliptical passages 3 and integrated failure flaps 4 and in material transport direction facing opening channels 6, wherein also the screen deck 11 plane-parallel upper and lower sides 11a and 11b and has a Klassierbergergabe according to width b correspondingly matched thickness d.
- the classification according to the width b as the main dimension of the particles and, in particular, the importance of a low coefficient of friction of the screen deck with respect to the nature of the particle to be classified in order to avoid pinch.
- Fig. 18 illustrates a classifying machine 16 using a screen deck 11 after Fig. 17
- Fig. 19 again illustrates a fractional classification according to the width b in three different fractions with three screen decks 11 of different class size for the width b.
- FIG. 20 with the schematic sectional views of a screen deck 11 in Fig. 20a , a top view in Fig. 20b and a side view (sectional view of Fig. 20b ) in Fig. 20 c , illustrate a device-technical embodiment for a classification according to the thickness of the particles with appropriate tuning turn the dimension w z (see in this regard Fig. 9b ).
- the dimension w z is the smallest, in particular with respect to the comparable dimensions, ie the distances of the raising flaps from the XY plane for a classification according to the length a, so that applies.
- FIG. 21 Finally, another embodiment using 3D rectangular holes as classier effective through holes 3 for the screen deck (top view Fig. 21b) shown, in an embodiment in which the corresponding flaps 4 formed by the thickness d of the screen deck 11 and corresponding opening channels 6, which extend inclined in the material transport direction.
- Fig. 22 shows in the Figures 22a, b and c comparable to the corresponding figures for the classification parameters b or a, a device implementation with a Eindeckphase and failure flaps.
- Fig. 23 again illustrates a multi-deck sorting machine (three decks) for the formation of three fractions of particles classified by the thickness using extending in the width direction of the screen deck 11 rectangular passage openings 3.
- the explanations already given to the reference numerals apply accordingly.
- the invention is used, inter alia, but not exclusively, for classifying processes in agriculture, such as in the harvest and processing of fruits, vegetables, berries and cereals, in seeds, fertilizers, animal feed, spices, coffee beans, nuts, tobacco, tea, Eggs or other animal products, as well as fish, meat or (intermediate) products thereof, and waste or by-products resulting therefrom; in the industry for the cleaning or processing of raw materials such as chippings, crushed stone, ores, coal, salts, wood materials and semi-finished or intermediate products, natural or synthetic bulk materials or powders such as lime, cement, fibers, coke, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, plastics and their aggregates, composites, ceramics, glass, metal, wood chips, aggregates for industrial processes, blasting or polishing media, screws, nails, coins, gemstones, semi-precious stones, scrap, recyclates or other waste streams, bulk materials or powders in the chemical or pharmaceutical industries , such as washing powder, pigments, beds for reactors, catalysts, medicinal or cosmetic active ingredients
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- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum trennscharfen Klassieren von Partikeln nach ihrer Größe.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the selective classification of particles according to their size.
In der Aufbereitungstechnik ebenso wie für die Produktenherstellung unter Verwendung von Partikeln spielt für eine hohe Effizienz ebenso wie für die Erfüllung von Qualitätsanforderungen der Einsatz klassierten, partikulären Materials eine zunehmende Rolle. Überdies können vielfach durch Bereitstellung sortierter, partikulärer Produkte höhere Qualitäts- und Preisvorstellungen realisiert werden.In the processing technology as well as for the production of products using particles, the use of classified, particulate material plays an increasing role for high efficiency as well as for the fulfillment of quality requirements. In addition, higher quality and price expectations can often be realized by providing sorted, particulate products.
Für unterschiedliche industrielle Anwendungen von aus Partikeln unterschiedlicher Größe bestehendem Schüttgut sind die Anforderungen an die Güte der Klassierung, d.h. an die Trennschärfe derselben unterschiedlich, wobei verschiedene Bewertungsverfahren und Bewertungskennziffern für die Beschreibung der Qualität des Klassierprozesses bekannt sind.For different industrial applications of bulk material consisting of particles of different sizes, the requirements for the quality of the classification, i. different in their selectivity, and various evaluation methods and rating numbers are known for describing the quality of the classifying process.
Besonders bei sehr eng fraktionierten Aufgabematerialien (Partikeln), in denen ein Großteil der Partikel nur Größenunterschiede im Bereich der Trennkorngrößen aufweist, lässt die Trennschärfe herkömmlicher Klassierung sehr zu wünschen übrig. Auch muss bei herkömmlichen, nur in der Ebene wirksamen, quasi zweidimensionalen Klassiereinrichtungen mit nur zweidimensional wirksamen Siebgeometrien, wie z.B. Rund- oder Rechtecklochblechen oder Siebgeweben ohne Reinigungseinrichtungen wie Bürsten oder Klopfkugeln mit Klemmkorn gerechnet werden.Especially with very narrow fractionated feed materials (particles), in which a large part of the particles has only size differences in the range of the separation grain sizes, the selectivity of conventional classification leaves much to be desired. Also, in conventional, only in-plane, quasi-two-dimensional classifiers having only two-dimensionally effective screen geometries, e.g. Round or rectangular perforated sheets or screen fabrics without cleaning devices such as brushes or knocking balls can be calculated with clamping grain.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Klassieren von Partikeln anzugeben, die es gestatten, die Qualität der Klassierung, d.h. die Trennschärfe derselben, beträchtlich gegenüber herkömmlichen Klassierverfahren und - vorrichtungen zu erhöhen.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a device for classifying particles, which allow the quality of the classification, i. to increase the selectivity thereof considerably over conventional classifying methods and apparatus.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß hinsichtlich des Verfahrens durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1, hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 10 gelöst.This object is achieved with respect to the method by the features of
Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht also darin, Partikel nach ihrer Größe, insbesondere nach einer ihrer drei Hauptabmessungen in einem euklidischen Raum (kartesisches Koordinatensystem), insbesondere Länge, Breite oder Dicke zu klassieren, wobei die besondere Güte oder Trennschärfe dieser Klassierung, dadurch erreicht wird, dass hierzu erfindungsgemäß dreidimensional-klassierwirksame Durchtrittsöffnungen einer (dreidimensionalen) Siebungsstruktur verwendet werden. Durch diese ist es überraschend möglich, im Vergleich zu vorgenannten konventionellen flächigen Siebgeometrien (2D-Siebgeometrien), bedeutend trennschärfer als bisher zu klassieren.An essential aspect of the present invention is thus to classify particles according to their size, in particular according to one of their three main dimensions in a Euclidean space (Cartesian coordinate system), in particular length, width or thickness, wherein the particular quality or selectivity of this classification achieved thereby is that for this purpose according to the invention three-dimensional classier effective passage openings of a (three-dimensional) Siebungsstruktur be used. Due to this, it is surprisingly possible, in comparison to the aforementioned conventional flat screen geometries (2D screen geometries), to classify significantly more sharply than before.
Dokument
Die vorliegend Erfindung beruht auf einer neuartigen Generation von dreidimensionalen Siebungsstrukturen mit dreidimensional-klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen, wobei vorzugsweise nach einer der drei maximalen Hauptabmessungen Länge, Breite oder Dicke klassiert wird und die Partikelabmessungen mit Hilfe dieser Hauptabmessungen definiert sind. Daher findet im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Verfahrensweisen eine Größenklassifizierung im Raum statt, die zu einer drastischen Erhöhung der Klassierqualität und -güte führt.The present invention is based on a novel generation of three-dimensional screening structures with three-dimensionally classier passage openings, wherein preferably one of the three maximum main dimensions of length, width or thickness is classified and the particle dimensions are defined using these main dimensions. Therefore, in contrast to conventional methods, space size classification takes place, resulting in a drastic increase in classifying quality and quality.
Vorzugsweise wird die Klassierung in zumindest einer schwingenden und/oder vorzugsweise einer geneigten Klassierebene durchgeführt, wobei die Partikel vorzugsweise in einer Wurf- oder Gleitbewegung entlang bzw. in Verbindung mit einer Klassierebene bewegt werden, die vorzugsweise rechteckförmige, z.B. quadratische, und/oder elliptische, z.B. kreisförmige Durchtrittsöffnungen in dreidimensionaler Ausführung aufweist, wobei die Partikel vorzugsweise auch im Bereich der dreidimensionalen Durchtrittsöffnungen entlang einer geneigten Ebene bewegt werden.Preferably, the classification is carried out in at least one vibrating and / or preferably a tilted classifying plane, the particles preferably being moved in a throw or sliding motion along or in connection with a classifying plane, preferably rectangular, e.g. square, and / or elliptical, e.g. having circular passage openings in three-dimensional design, wherein the particles are preferably moved in the region of the three-dimensional passage openings along an inclined plane.
Es ist jedoch auch möglich, eine nicht-schwingende Klassierebene zu verwenden. In Abhängigkeit vom Klassier-Parameter, insbesondere einer der Materialpaarung Siebungsstruktur-Partikel, weist eine Siebungsstruktur, die zur Klassierung verwendet wird, zumindest im Bereich der Durchtrittsöffnungen einen in Abhängigkeit von der betreffenden Hauptabmessung vorbestimmten Reibungskoeffizienten, insbesondere eine vorbestimmte Haftreibung auf.However, it is also possible to use a non-vibrating classifying plane. Depending on the classification parameter, in particular one of the pairing of material sieve structure particles, has a screening structure, which is used for classification, at least in the region of the passage openings a predetermined depending on the respective main dimension friction coefficient, in particular a predetermined static friction.
Vorzugsweise wird für eine Klassierung eines Partikelgemisches oder einer Partikelfraktion nach der Hauptabmessung Länge a im Bereich der dreidimensional-klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen ein möglichst hoher Haftungskoeffizient vorgesehen, während bei einer Klassierung nach einer der Hauptabmessungen Breite b oder Dicke c im Bereich der dreidimensional-klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen der 3D-Siebungsstruktur ein möglichst geringer Reibungskoeffizient, insbesondere Haftungsreibungskoeffizient gewählt wird, wobei der Haftreibungskoeffizient der Siebungsstruktur in Abhängigkeit von Reibpaarung Partikel-Belag gewählt und vorzugsweise ein jeweils angepasster Klassierbelag für die entsprechende Siebungsstruktur, zumindest im Bereich der dreidimensionalen Durchtrittsöffnungen, verwendet wird.Preferably, the highest possible coefficient of adhesion is provided for a classification of a particle mixture or a particle fraction according to the main dimension of length a in the region of the three-dimensionally classifying passage openings, while in the case of a Classification according to one of the main dimensions width b or thickness c in the region of the three-dimensional classier effective passages of the 3D screening structure the lowest possible coefficient of friction, in particular coefficient of adhesion coefficient is selected, wherein the static coefficient of the Siebungsstruktur selected as a function of friction pairing particle coating and preferably a respectively adapted Klassierbelag is used for the corresponding screening structure, at least in the region of the three-dimensional passage openings.
Besonders bevorzugt wird die Klassierung unterschiedlicher Fraktionen nach der gleichen Hauptabmessung in einer gemeinsamen Vorrichtung, wobei jede Klassierebene (Siebebene) eine eigene Austragseinrichtung aufweist.Particularly preferred is the classification of different fractions according to the same main dimension in a common device, each classifying plane (sieve level) having its own discharge device.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Further preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zeichnet sich durch eine Klassiereinrichtung mit einer Siebungsstruktur mit dreidimensional-klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen aus, vorzugsweise ausgeführt als nach einer Seite aus einer Basis der Klassierebene vorspringende Aufstellklappen (oder -kanäle) auf einer Partikel- Aufgabeseite der Siebungsstruktur oder als andererseits aus einer Basis der Klassierebene der Siebungsstruktur heraustretende Ausfallklappen (oder -kanäle), auf der Austrittsseite der Siebungsstruktur.The device according to the invention is characterized by a classifying device with a sieving structure with three-dimensionally classier passage openings, preferably designed as upwardly projecting from one base of the classification level Aufstellklappen (or channels) on a particle task side of Siebungsstruktur or on the other hand from a base of Classifying level of the screening structure emerging leaking flaps (or channels), on the exit side of the screening structure.
Unter Schwerkraftbedingungen befinden sich die Aufstellklappen oder -kanäle auf einer Oberseite (Partikel-Aufgabeseite) der Siebstruktur, während sich die Ausstellklappen oder - kanäle auf einer Unterseite (Partikel-Austrittsseite) der Siebstruktur befinden.Under gravity conditions, the deployment flaps or channels are located on a top (particle feed side) of the screen structure, while the deployment flaps or channels are on a bottom (particle exit side) of the screen structure.
Vorzugsweise sind die auf einer Partikel-Aufgabeseite eines Siebungsbelages angeordneten Aufstellklappen entgegengesetzt zu einer Transportrichtung der Partikel entlang der Klassierebene angeordnet, zur Klassierung nach der Hauptabmessung Länge a der Partikel, während Aufstell- oder Ausfallklappen, die die zugehörigen dreidimensionalen Aufstell- oder Ausfallkanäle der Durchtrittsöffnungen begrenzen, in Übereinstimmung oder entgegen einer Transportrichtung der Partikel entlang der Klassierebene angeordnet sind, wenn nach einer Hauptabmessung Dicke c der Partikel klassiert wird, während bei Klassieren nach der Hauptabmessung Breite b die Aufstell- oder Ausfallklappen und die durch diese begrenzten dreidimensionalen Aufstell- oder Ausfallkanäle die Durchtrittsöffnungen vorzugsweise in Übereinstimmung mit einer Transportrichtung der Partikel entlang der Klassierebene angeordnet sind. Die Durchtrittsöffnungen können auch in Gegenrichtung zur Transportrichtung der Partikel orientiert angeordnet sein.Preferably, the Aufstellklappen arranged on a particle-feed side of a Siebungsbelages are arranged opposite to a transport direction of the particles along the classifying plane, for classification according to the main dimension length a of the particles, while Aufstell- or failure flaps, which limit the associated three-dimensional installation or failure channels of the openings , are arranged in accordance or opposite to a direction of transport of the particles along the classifying plane, when classified according to a major dimension thickness c of the particles, while classified according to the main dimension width b the Aufstell- or failure flaps and limited by this three-dimensional installation or failure channels Passage openings preferably arranged in accordance with a transport direction of the particles along the classifying plane are. The passage openings can also be arranged oriented in the opposite direction to the transport direction of the particles.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Sortierung bzw. Klassierung mittels dreidimensional-klassierwirksamer Siebgeometrien nach einer der drei maximalen Hauptabmessungen Länge, Breite, Dicke der Partikel wird durch Veränderung der Anzahl und Lage und/oder Anzahl und/oder Größe von Kontaktbereichen der Partikel im Bereich der Durchtrittsöffnungen eine überraschend hohe Trennschärfe und Klassiergüte erreicht, was insbesondere bei eng fraktionierten Aufgabematerialien, in denen ein großer Teil der Partikel im Bereich einer Trennkorngröße liegt, und bei denen ein Klassierprozess normalerweise eine geringe Trennschärfe aufweist, von hoher Bedeutung ist.By the sorting according to the invention by means of three-dimensionally classifying sieve geometries according to one of the three maximum main dimensions of length, width and thickness of the particles, a change is surprising by changing the number and position and / or number and / or size of contact areas of the particles in the region of the passage openings high selectivity and classification quality is achieved, which is particularly important in narrow fractionated feed materials, in which a large part of the particles is in the range of a cut size, and in which a classification process usually has a low selectivity, is of great importance.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In diesen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Partikels, mit seinen maximalen Hauptab- messungen Länge a, Breite b, Dicke c,
- Fig. 2
- ein Kräftegleichgewicht an einem Partikel zur Beschreibung eines Partikelbewe- gungsverhaltens,
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Bewegungsverhaltens eines Partikels in Ab- hängigkeit von einer Bewegung/Antrieb einer Klassiereinrichtung für eine Wurf- bewegung und eine Gleitbewegung des Partikels,
- Fig. 4
- Öffnungsgeometrien einer Klassiereinrichtung in einer XY-Ebene, die einer Basis einer Klassierebene entspricht, mit Kreisloch und Quadrat als Beispiele von Durchtrittsöffnungen mit gleichen Abmessungen in X- und Y-Richtung (linke Seite) und rechteckiger sowie elliptischer Lochgeometrie (Durchtrittsöffnung) als Beispie- le von ungleichen Abmessungen der Durchtrittsöffnungen in X- und Y-Richtung auf der rechten Seite,
- Fig. 5
- dreidimensional klassierwirksame Öffnungsgeometrien einer Klassiereinrichtung mit
- Fig. 5a
- 3D-Quadratloch und
- Fig. 5b
- 3D-Rechteckloch in einer Ausführung mit Ausfallklappe,
- Fig. 6
- dreidimensionale Öffnungsgeometrien einer Klassiereinrichtung mit
- Fig. 6a
- 3D-Quadratloch und
- Fig. 6b
- 3D-Rechteckloch mit Aufstellklappe, wobei die
Fig. 5 und 6 diese Öffnungsgeo- metrien von 3D-Durchtrittsöffnungen in Draufsicht und im Schnitt zeigen, - Fig. 7
- eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsweisen von Öffnungsgeometrien nach
Fig. 5a und 6a , mit - Fig. 7a
- einer Klassierung nach Hauptabmessung a mit Ausfallklappe und 3D- Quadratloch, und
- Fig. 7b
- einer Klassierung mit Aufstellklappe und 3D-Quadratloch,
- Fig. 8
- einer Klassierung nach einer Hauptabmessung b, mit
- Fig. 8a
- Klassierung mit 3D-Kreisloch mit Ausfallklappe, und
- Fig. 8b
- einer Klassierung mit 3D-Quadratloch mit Aufstellklappe,
- Fig. 9
- einer Klassierung nach einer Hauptabmessung c mit 3D-Rechteckloch,
- Fig. 9a
- mit Ausfallklappe,
- Fig. 9b
- mit 3D-Rechteckloch mit Aufstellklappe,
- Fig. 10
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Siebdecks als Klassiereinrichtung für eine Klassierung nach einer maximalen Partikelausdehnung, Hauptabmessung (Län- ge) a,
- Fig. 11 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Mehrdeckvorrichtung mit Fraktionierung bei Klassierung nach der maximalen Hauptabmessung (Länge) a,
- Fig. 12
- eine schematische Darstellung für ein Siebdeck als Klassiereinrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der maximalen Hauptabmessung (Länge) a mit Aufstellklappe, in
- Fig.12a
- Längsschnittansicht,
- Fig. 12b
- Draufsicht,
- Fig. 12c
- einer Teil-Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie A-A in
Fig. 12b , - Fig. 13
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Siebdecks als Klassiereinrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der maximalen Hauptabmessung (Länge) a mit planparalleler Ausbildung des Siebdecks und in dieses integrierte Ausfallklappen (mit dreidi- mensional-klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen), in
- Fig. 13a
- Längsschnitt,
- Fig. 13b
- Draufsicht,
- Fig. 14
- eine Eindeck-Klassiervorrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der maximalen Hauptanmessung (Länge) a, in
- Fig. 14a
- schematischer Längsschnittdarstellung,
- Fig. 14b
- einem Siebbelag der Klassiereinrichtung mit 3D-Quadratlöchern in schematischer Darstellung in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 14c
- die Klassiervorrichtung nach
Fig. 14a in schematischer Darstellung in Seitenan- sicht mit Austrageinrichtung, - Fig. 15
- eine Mehrdeck-Klassiervorrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der maximalen Hauptabmessung (Länge) a in
- Fig. 15a
- schematischer Längsschnittdarstellung, wobei
- Fig. 15b
- einen Siebbelag der Klassiervorrichtung mit 3D-Quadratlöchern in schematischer Darstellung in Draufsicht zeigt, und
- Fig. 15c
- die Klassiervorrichtung nach
Fig. 15a in Seitenansicht mit Austrageinrichtung für die verschiedenen, zur Fraktionierung vorgesehenen Klassiereinrichtungen, - Fig. 16
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Siebdecks als Klassiereinrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der mittleren Hauptabmessung (Breite) b mit Aufstellklappen, in
- Fig. 16a
- im Längsschnitt,
- Fig. 16b
- in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 16c
- in Teil-Schnittdarstellung entlang einer Linie B-B in
Fig. 16b , - Fig. 17
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Siebdecks als Klassiereinrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der mittleren Hauptabmessung (Breite) b mit planparalleler Ausbildung des Siebdecks und in dieses integrierte Aufallklappen (mit klassier- wirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen),
- Fig. 17a
- im Längsschnitt,
- Fig. 17b
- in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 18
- eine Eindeck-Klassiervorrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der mittleren Haupt- abmessung (Breite) b in
- Fig. 18a
- schematischer Längsschnittdarstellung,
- Fig. 18b
- einen Siebbelag der Klassiervorrichtung mit 3D-Rundlöchern in der Durchtritts- ebene (Kreislöcher) in schematischer Darstellung und in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 18c
- die Klassiervorrichtung nach
Fig. 18b in Seitenansicht in schematischer Darstel- lung mit Austrageinrichtung, - Fig. 19
- eine Mehrdeck-Klassiervorrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der mittleren Haupt- abmessung (Breite) b in
- Fig. 19a
- schematischer Längsschnittdarstellung, wobei
- Fig. 19b
- einen Siebbelag der Klassiervorrichtung mit 3D-Rundlöchern in der Durchtritts- ebene in schematischer Darstellung in der Draufsicht zeigt, und
- Fig. 19c
- die Klassiervorrichtung nach
Fig. 19b in Seitenansicht mit Austrageinrichtung zeigt, - Fig. 20
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Siebdecks als Klassiereinrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der minimalen Hauptabmessung (Dicke) c mit Aufstellklappe,
- Fig. 20a
- in Längsschnittdarstellung,
- Fig. 20b
- in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 20c
- in Teil-Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie A-A in
Fig. 20b , - Fig. 21
- ein Siebdeck als Klassiereinrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der minimalen Hauptabmessung (Dicke) c mit planparalleler Ausbildung des Siebdecks und in dieses integrierte Aufstellklappen (mit klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen), in
- Fig.21a
- im Längsschnitt,
- Fig. 21 b
- in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 21c
- eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie C-C nach
Fig. 21b , - Fig. 22
- eine Eindeck-Klassiervorrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der minimalen Haupt- abmessung (Dicke) c in
- Fig. 22a
- schematischer Längsschnittdarstellung,
- Fig. 22b
- einem Siebbelag der Klassiervorrichtung mit 3D-Rechtecklöchern in schemati- scher Darstellung,
- Fig. 22c
- die Klassiervorrichtung nach
Fig. 22b in Seitenansicht mit Austrageinrichtung in schematischer Darstellung, - Fig. 23
- eine Mehrdeck-Klassiervorrichtung für eine Klassierung nach der minimalen Hauptabmessung (Dicke) c in
- Fig. 23a
- schematischer Längsschnittdarstellung,
- Fig. 23b
- einem Siebbelag der Klassiervorrichtung mit 3D-Rechtecklöchern in schemati- scher Darstellung,
- Fig. 23c
- eine Klassiervorrichtung nach
Fig. 23a in Seitenansicht mit Austrageinrichtungen in schematischer Darstellung.
- Fig. 1
- 1 is a schematic representation of a particle with its maximum principal dimensions length a, width b, thickness c,
- Fig. 2
- an equilibrium of forces on a particle to describe a particle movement behavior,
- Fig. 3
- 1 is a schematic representation of a movement behavior of a particle as a function of a movement / drive of a classifier for a throwing motion and a sliding movement of the particle,
- Fig. 4
- Opening geometries of a classifier in an XY plane, which corresponds to a base of a classifying plane, with circular hole and square as examples of passage openings with the same dimensions in the X and Y direction (left side) and rectangular and elliptical hole geometry (passage opening) as examples unequal dimensions of the passages in the X and Y directions on the right side,
- Fig. 5
- three-dimensional classierwirksame opening geometries of a classifier with
- Fig. 5a
- 3D square hole and
- Fig. 5b
- 3D rectangular hole in a version with flap,
- Fig. 6
- three-dimensional opening geometries of a classifier with
- Fig. 6a
- 3D square hole and
- Fig. 6b
- 3D rectangular hole with lift-up flap, where the
FIGS. 5 and 6 show these opening geometries of 3D through openings in plan view and in section, - Fig. 7
- a schematic representation of the operation of opening geometries according to
Fig. 5a and 6a , With - Fig. 7a
- a classification according to main dimension a with flap and 3D square hole, and
- Fig. 7b
- a classification with lift-up flap and 3D square hole,
- Fig. 8
- a classification according to a main dimension b, with
- Fig. 8a
- Classification with 3D circular hole with failure flap, and
- Fig. 8b
- a classification with 3D square hole with lift-up flap,
- Fig. 9
- a classification according to a main dimension c with 3D rectangular hole,
- Fig. 9a
- with flap,
- Fig. 9b
- with 3D rectangular hole with lift-up flap,
- Fig. 10
- 2 a schematic representation of a screening deck as classifying device for a classification according to a maximum particle size, main dimension (length) a,
- Fig. 11 1
- a schematic representation of a multi-deck device with fractionation when classified according to the maximum main dimension (length) a,
- Fig. 12
- a schematic representation of a screen deck as a classifier for a classification according to the maximum main dimension (length) a with Aufstellklappe, in
- Figures 12a
- Longitudinal section view
- Fig. 12b
- Top view,
- Fig. 12c
- a partial sectional view along the line AA in
Fig. 12b . - Fig. 13
- a schematic representation of a screen deck as a classifier for a classification according to the maximum main dimension (length) a with plane-parallel design of the screen deck and in this integrated failure flaps (with three-dimensional-classier effective passages), in
- Fig. 13a
- Longitudinal section
- Fig. 13b
- Top view,
- Fig. 14
- a cover classifier for a classification according to the maximum main measurement (length) a, in
- Fig. 14a
- schematic longitudinal section,
- Fig. 14b
- a screen covering the classifier with 3D square holes in a schematic representation in plan view,
- Fig. 14c
- the classifier after
Fig. 14a in a schematic representation in side view with discharge device, - Fig. 15
- a multi-deck classifier for classification according to the maximum major dimension (length) a in
- Fig. 15a
- schematic longitudinal sectional view, wherein
- Fig. 15b
- shows a Siebbelag the classifier with 3D square holes in a schematic representation in plan view, and
- Fig. 15c
- the classifier after
Fig. 15a in side view with discharge device for the various classification devices provided for fractionation, - Fig. 16
- a schematic representation of a screen deck as a classifier for a classification according to the mean main dimension (width) b with Aufstellklappen, in
- Fig. 16a
- in longitudinal section,
- Fig. 16b
- in plan view,
- Fig. 16c
- in partial sectional view along a line BB in
Fig. 16b . - Fig. 17
- a schematic representation of a screen deck as a classifier for a classification according to the mean main dimension (width) b with plane-parallel design of the screen deck and in this integrated Aufallklappen (with classier effective passages),
- Fig. 17a
- in longitudinal section,
- Fig. 17b
- in plan view,
- Fig. 18
- a cover classifier for a classification according to the mean main dimension (width) b in
- Fig. 18a
- schematic longitudinal section,
- Fig. 18b
- a screen covering the classifying device with 3D round holes in the passage plane (circular holes) in a schematic representation and in plan view,
- Fig. 18c
- the classifier after
Fig. 18b in side view in schematic representation with discharge device, - Fig. 19
- a multi-deck classifier for a classification according to the mean main dimension (width) b in
- Fig. 19a
- schematic longitudinal sectional view, wherein
- Fig. 19b
- shows a Siebbelag the classifier with 3D round holes in the passage level in a schematic representation in plan view, and
- Fig. 19c
- the classifier after
Fig. 19b in side view with discharge device shows, - Fig. 20
- a schematic representation of a screen deck as a classifier for a classification according to the minimum main dimension (thickness) c with Aufstellklappe,
- Fig. 20a
- in longitudinal section,
- Fig. 20b
- in plan view,
- Fig. 20c
- in partial section along the line AA in
Fig. 20b . - Fig. 21
- a screening deck as a classifier for a classification according to the minimum main dimension (thickness) c with plane parallel design of the screen deck and in this integrated Aufstellklappen (with classierwirksamen passages), in
- 21A
- in longitudinal section,
- Fig. 21b
- in plan view,
- Fig. 21c
- a sectional view along the line CC after
Fig. 21b . - Fig. 22
- a cover classifier for a classification according to the minimum main dimension (thickness) c in
- Fig. 22a
- schematic longitudinal section,
- Fig. 22b
- a screen lining of the classifier with 3D rectangular holes in a schematic representation,
- Fig. 22c
- the classifier after
Fig. 22b in side view with discharge in a schematic representation, - Fig. 23
- a multi-deck classifier for a classification according to the minimum principal dimension (thickness) c in
- Fig. 23a
- schematic longitudinal section,
- Fig. 23b
- a screen lining of the classifier with 3D rectangular holes in a schematic representation,
- Fig. 23c
- a classifier after
Fig. 23a in side view with discharge devices in a schematic representation.
Grundlage der nachfolgenden Erläuterungen von Ausführungsbeispielen eines Verfahrens und einer Vorrichtung zum trennscharfen Sortieren von Partikeln eines Aufgabegutes nach ihrer Größe, beruhend auf einer Klassierung nach einer der drei maximalen Hauptabmessungen derselben im euklidschen Raum, ist die Geometrie eines Partikels 1, wie in
Auf der Grundlage einer genauen Definition der Abmessungen eines Partikels 1 in den drei Raumebenen XZ, ZY und XY kann die Aufgabe einer Klassierung hoher Güte nach jeweils einer der drei Hauptabmessungen definiert werden. Besonders bei sehr eng fraktionierten Aufgabematerialien, in denen ein Großteil der Partikel 1 hinsichtlich ihrer Größe im Bereich der Trennkorngröße liegt, wird durch die hier vorgeschlagene 3D-Klassierung, unter der eine Klassierung unter Verwendung dreidimensional klassierwirksamer Durchtrittsöffnungen verstanden wird, eine überraschend hochqualitative und trennscharfe Klassierung erreicht, wobei auch eine deutliche Verringerung von Klemmkorn erreicht wird, ohne dass besondere Reinigungseinrichtungen zur Anwendung kommen. Der in
Bei einer dreidimensionalen, d.h. unter Einsatz dreidimensional klassierwirksamer Durchtrittsöffnungen vorgenommenen hoch-trennscharfen Größenklassierung von Partikeln nach einer Hauptabmessung derselben (im Rahmen dieser Anmeldung auch als "3D-Klassierung" bezeichnet), ist es sowohl für das Aufstellen eines physikalisch-verfahrenstechnischen Modells wie auch zur Definition von verschiedenen Lösungsvarianten sinnvoll, geeignete Beschreibungselemente zu wählen, mit deren Hilfe die Funktion von 3D-Klassiergeometrien (Klassierbelege, Siebstrukturen) beschrieben werden können. Als Parameter dienen hierbei eine Partikelbewegung, eine Sieböffnungsgeometrie, d.h. eine Geometrie von dreidimensional klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen der Siebeinrichtung mit ihren charakteristischen Abmessungen sowie die in Abhängigkeit von der Klassieraufgabe beachtlichen, herrschenden bzw. festzulegenden Reibungsverhältnisse.In a three-dimensional, ie using three-dimensional classierwirksamer passages made high-resolution size classification of particles according to a main dimension thereof (also referred to in the context of this application as "3D-classification"), it is both for the establishment of a physical-procedural model as well as for Definition of different solution variants makes sense to select suitable descriptors that can be used to describe the function of 3D classification geometry (classification documents, screen structures). The parameters used here are a particle movement, a sieve opening geometry, ie a geometry of three-dimensional Classifying effective passage openings of the screening device with their characteristic dimensions and the depending on the Klassieraufgabe considerable, prevailing or fixed friction conditions.
Die Partikelbewegung wird dabei mit Hilfe einer Maßzahl beschrieben, die durch das Verhältnis des senkrecht zu einer Klassierebene einer Klassiereinrichtung (Siebeinrichtung) stehenden Komponenten der auf einen Partikel 1 wirkenden Beschleunigungskraft Fa und der Gewichtskraft Fg beschrieben wird. Diese Maßzahl wird als Sieb- oder Wurfkennziffer Sv bezeichnet. In
mit:
mit:
With:
With:
Dabei bezeichnet mp eine Partikelmasse, α einen Anstellwinkel einer Siebebene (Klassierebene) bzw. eines Klassierbelages der Sieb- oder Klassiereinrichtung 2 und β ein Wirkwinkel der Beschleunigungskraft infolge eines Schwingantriebes der Sieb- bzw. Klassiereinrichtung 2.In this case, m p denotes a particle mass, α an angle of attack of a sieve plane (classifying plane) or a classification lining of the sieving or classifying
Zur Beschreibung einer Partikelbewegung entlang der Klassiereinrichtung bzw. Siebeinrichtung 2 (= Bewegung entlang eines Klassierbelages), wird zwischen Wurfbewegung mit Sv> 1 und einer Gleitbewegung Sv ≤ 1 unterschieden.For the description of a particle movement along the classifying device or screening device 2 (= movement along a classification lining), a distinction is made between throwing motion with S v > 1 and a sliding movement S v ≦ 1.
In
Als Sortiereinrichtung bzw. Mittel zum Klassieren von Partikeln 1 werden vorzugsweise Schwingsiebe (Siebeinrichtungen 2 mit einem Schwingantrieb) verwendet oder eine Siebeinrichtung 2, die, schräg gestellt, aufgrund ihrer Neigung eine Gleitbewegung der Partikel 1 entlang der Siebeinrichtung 2 in der Klassierebene bei ruhender Siebeinrichtung 2 herbeiführt, wie dies schematisch in
Als Sieböffnungsgeometrien, die die Geometrie der dreidimensional klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen 3 eines Klassier- oder Siebbelages 2 beschreiben, sind vorzugsweise 3D-Quadratloch, 3D-Langloch, 3D-Rechteckloch, 3D-Ellipsenloch oder 3D-Kreisloch vorgesehen. Die Sieböffnungsgeometrie beschreibt demnach die Geometrie der Durchtrittsöffnungen 3 des Sieb- oder Klassierbelages 2 (der die Klassiereinrichtung bildet). Grundsätzlich können hierbei die Öffnungsgeometrien in einer XY-Ebene und in einer XZ-Ebene bzw. einer Y/Z-Ebene unterschieden werden. In einer eine Klassierebene bildenden, sich in einer Hauptebene der Klassiereinrichtung (Siebbelag 2) erstreckenden horizontalen XY-Ebene kann zwischen Sieböffnungsgeometrien unterschieden werden, bei denen eine Abmessung in X- und in Y-Richtung gleich groß ist oder bei denen diese Abmessungen voneinander verschieden sind. Ersteres ist in
Zur Ausbildung einer dreidimensionalen und klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnung 3 wird vorzugsweise eine der vorbeschriebenen "zweidimensionalen" Öffnungsgeometrien in der XY-Ebene in der XZ- bzw. YZ-Ebene mit einer schiefen Ebene versehen, welche entlang einer der Raumachsen X oder Y unter einem definierten Winkel y zur Ebene XY angeordnet ist. Auf diese Art ergibt sich zwischen der XY-Ebene und der schiefen Ebene eine vertikale Öffnung mit den Abmaßen wx - wz bzw. wy - wz, wobei in
Das Wirkprinzip der 3D-Größenklassierung für eine trennscharfe Klassifizierung nach den maximalen Hauptabmessungen a (Länge), b (Breite) sowie c (Dicke) durch Verwendung einer definierten Öffnungsgeometrie der Durchtrittsöffnungen 3, die in den drei Raumebenen XY, YZ und ZX ausgerichtet ist sowie durch eine Auswahl der oben erläuterten Partikelbewegung und unter Berücksichtigung der Reibungsverhältnisse in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Klassieraufgabe (unterschiedliche Reibverhältnisse je nach Klassierung nach Hauptabmessung Länge a, oder Hauptabmessung Breite b, oder Hauptabmessung Dicke c) eine Klassierung nach einer der drei Partikelabmessungen Länge a, Breite b oder Dicke c erreicht. Nachfolgend wird dies anhand zugehöriger Ausführungsbeispiele im Einzelnen erläutert.The operating principle of the 3D size classification for a selective classification according to the maximum main dimensions a (length), b (width) and c (thickness) by using a defined opening geometry of the
Wesentlich ist hierbei, dass durch die Wahl des Werkstoffes des Klassierbelages bzw. Siebbelages der Klassiereinrichtung in Verbindung mit der Berücksichtigung der Art der zu klassierenden Partikel 1 und der durch diese gebildeten Elemente der Reibungspaarung, ein hoher Haftreibungskoeffizient der Reibpaarung Partikel-Siebbelag der Klassiereinrichtung vorgesehen ist. Vorzugsweise werden für die Reibbedingungen bei der Klassierung nach der maximalen Hauptabmessung Länge a hohe Haftreibungskoeffizienten benötigt, im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung vorzugsweise ein Haftreibungskoeffizient von µ ≥ 0,3, insbesondere µ ≥ 0,7.It is essential here that by selecting the material of the classification or Siebbelages the classifier in conjunction with the consideration of the nature of the particles to be classified 1 and formed by these elements of friction pairing, a high static friction coefficient of the friction pairing particle screen covering the classifier is provided , Preferably, high static friction coefficients are required for the friction conditions in the classification according to the maximum main dimension length a, in the context of the present application preferably a static friction coefficient of μ ≥ 0.3, in particular μ ≥ 0.7.
Reibungsbedingt wird dabei sichergestellt, dass der Partikel 1 zur Klassierung nach der maximalen Hauptabmessung Länge a in der in
Eine analoge Ausführung, jedoch mit Verwendung einer Aufstellklappe 5 (selbstverständlich weist die Klassiereinrichtung bzw. der Siebbelag eine Vielzahl solcher Aufstellklappen 5 , bzw. bei der Ausführung nach
Nachfolgend wird die Klassierung nach der Hauptabmessung Breite b anhand von
Auch hier geben wiederum die Pfeile in den Darstellungen eine mögliche Bewegungsrichtung des Partikels 1 an.Again, the arrows in the representations indicate a possible direction of movement of the
Anhand von
Die Berechnung der Lochdicke wz (
Anhand der vorgewählten Ausführungsbeispiele ist es möglich, eine trennscharfe Klassierung von Partikeln 1 nach ihrer Größe auf der Basis der drei Partikel-Hauptabmessungen, Länge, Breite, Dicke mit Hilfe einer dreidimensionalen Klassiergeometrie, d. h. dreidimensional klassierwirksamer Durchtrittsöffnungen 3, zu realisieren.On the basis of the preselected exemplary embodiments, it is possible to carry out a selective classification of
Unter Berücksichtigung der Abmessungsverhältnisse der Durchtrittsöffnungen 3 in X- und Y-Richtung, einer Partikelbewegung (Siebkennziffer), einer Öffnungsgeometrie der klassierwirksamen 3D-Durchtrittsöffnungen, einer Öffnungsgeometrie der Durchtrittsöffnungen in der XY-Ebene bzw. YZ-Ebene, einer Öffnungsgeometrie in der XZ- bzw. YZ-Ebene sowie der in Abhängigkeit von der Klassieraufgabe wesentlichen Haftreibwerte der Reibungspaarung Partikel-Material der Siebstruktur (Klassiereinrichtung) ist eine Vielzahl an Ausführungsmöglichkeiten (zumindest 6 oder mehr) zur Klassierung nach der Partikellänge a bzw. Partikelbreite b sowie der Partikeldicke c der Partikel 1 als Möglichkeiten einer verfahrenstechnischen Umsetzung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens unter Berücksichtigung der vorgenannten Parameter vorgesehen.Taking into account the dimensional ratios of the
Nachfolgend werden schematisch verfahrenstechnische Modelle und Vorrichtungen zur Realisierung der vorerläuterten Größenklassierung von Partikeln nach einer ihrer Hauptabmessungen Länge, Breite oder Dicke erläutert.In the following, procedural models and devices for realizing the above-mentioned size classification of particles according to one of their main dimensions of length, width or thickness are explained schematically.
Selbstverständlich ist es mit Hilfe einer Mehrdecksiebvorrichtung hier mit drei Siebdecks 8 bis 10 in
Auf diese Weise werden drei Fraktionen von Partikeln 1 erhalten, die alle nach der maximalen Länge a größenklassiert sind. Jedes Siebdeck 8 bis 10 gibt dabei eine vorbestimmte Größe der maximalen Länge a vor und bestimmt damit das Ergebnis der Fraktionierung und Größenklassierung in Grob-, Mittel- und Feingut.In this way, three fractions of
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der vorrichtungstechnischen Gestaltung oder Umsetzung für eine Klassierung von Partikeln 1 nach ihrer Hauptabmessung Länge a verdeutlicht in schematischer Darstellung
Hierbei ist eine Dicke d des Siebdecks 11 bzw. der Klassiereinrichtung so groß gewählt, dass die Durchtrittsöffnung eine dreidimensionale Klassierwirksamkeit entfalten und im Rahmen einer Materialstärke (Materialdicke d) des Siebbelages 11 die Ausfallklappen 4 praktisch innerhalb und integral des Siebdecks ausgebildet sind, so dass die entsprechenden Öffnungskanäle 6 der klassierwirksamen 3D-Öffnungen (hier 3D-Quadratlöcher) innerhalb der Dicke des Siebdecks 11 gebildet sind und dieses eine planparallele Konfiguration hat, aus der keinerlei Vorsprünge hervorstehen. Selbstverständlich kann eine solche Klassiereinrichtung sehr vorteilhaft ebenfalls durch Spritzgießen oder andere gießtechnische Formgebungsverfahren, bei Fertigung aus Metall durch entsprechende Schräg-Lochstanzungen, Fräsen hergestellt werden. Es wäre auch denkbar, die Durchtrittsöffnungen 3 zunächst vertikal in einem Metallelement als Siebdeck 11 einzubringen und dieses dann durch entgegengesetzt angreifende Zugkräfte im Bereich einer oberen bzw. unteren Deckfläche 11 a, 11 b, ähnlich wie bei der Herstellung von Strechmetallgittern, zu verformen, so dass eine entsprechende geneigte Anordnung der Öffnungskanäle 6 erreicht wird. Das Verhalten der Durchtrittsöffnungen 3, d. h. der 3D-Quadratlöcher bzw. der durch das Siebdeck 11 selbst gebildeten Ausfallklappen 4 (Wände der Öffnungskanäle 6) entspricht bei hinreichender Dicke d des Siebdecks 11 in Bezugs auf eine Partikel-Schwerpunktslage S und damit im Hinblick auf eine Trennkorngröße bezüglich der Hauptabmessung Länge a vollständig demjenigen nach
In der schematischen Seitenansicht nach
Im Übrigen wird auf die obigen Erläuterungen betreffend eine Klassierung nach der Partikelbreite b mit Hilfe eines Siebdecks 11 und dreidimensional klassierwirksamer Durchtrittsöffnungen 3 verwiesen.Incidentally, reference is made to the above explanations concerning a classification according to the particle width b with the aid of a
Die
In
Durch die Erfindung ist es gegenüber bisheriger zweidimensionaler und wenig trennscharfer Siebungsgeometrien durch den Einsatz dreidimensional klassierwirksamer Durchtrittsöffnungen, vorzugsweise in Ausführungen mit Aufstellklappen oder Ausfallklappen, letztere können auch in eine Materialdicke eines z. B. aus Polyurethan oder anderem Kunststoff bestehenden spritzgegossenen oder in anderer Weise gießtechnisch oder mechanisch, z.B. durch Fräsen hergestellten Siebdecks ausgebildet sein, möglich, eine trennscharfe Größenklassierung von Partikeln unter entsprechender Messung eines Abstandes der Durchtrittsgeometrie zur XY-Ebene (Klassierebene) in Abhängigkeit vom Klassierparameter zu erreichen, und zwar auf der Basis der drei Hauptabmessungen der Partikel im Raum (Länge, Breite, Dicke), wobei in Abhängigkeit von dem Klassierparameter wesentlich unterschiedliche Reibungsbedingungen der Reibungspaarung Partikel-Siebdeck einzuhalten sind und bei einer Klassierung nach der Länge a eine hohe Haftreibung (Haftreibungskoeffizient µ ≥ 0,3, vorzugsweise µ > 0,7) zu gewährleisten ist, so dass das Klassiergut auf dem entsprechenden Siebdeck 11 liegen bleibt, während bei einer Klassierung nach der Breite oder Dicke der Partikel diese mit möglichst niedrigen Reibungskoeffizienten der Haftreibung zwischen Siebdeck und Partikel (µ ≤ 0,3) durch die entsprechenden, dreidimensional-klassierwirksamen Durchtrittsöffnungen 3 hindurchtreten.By the invention, it is compared to previous two-dimensional and less selective screening geometries through the use of three-dimensional classierwirksamer passages, preferably in versions with Aufstellklappen or failure flaps, the latter can also be in a material thickness of a z. Polyurethane or other plastic injection molded or otherwise cast or mechanically, e.g. formed by milling produced Siebdecks, it is possible to achieve a separation-sized size classification of particles with appropriate measurement of a distance of the passage geometry to the XY plane (classification level) depending on the Klassierparameter, on the basis of the three main dimensions of the particles in space (length, Width, thickness), wherein, depending on the classification parameter, substantially different friction conditions of the friction pair particle screen deck are to be maintained and a high stiction (static friction coefficient μ ≥ 0.3, preferably μ> 0.7) is to be ensured for a classification according to the length a so that the Klassiergut remains on the
Die Erfindung kommt zum Einsatz unter anderem, aber nicht ausschließlich, für Klassierprozesse in der Landwirtschaft wie etwa bei der Ernte und Weiterverarbeitung von Obst, Gemüse, Beeren und Getreide, bei Saatgut, Düngemitteln, Futtermitteln, Gewürzen, Kaffeebohnen, Nüssen, Tabak, Tee, Eiern oder anderen tierischen Produkten, sowie Fisch, Fleisch oder (Zwischen)Produkten daraus, sowie anfallenden Abfall- oder Nebenprodukten; in der Industrie für die Reinigung bzw. Verarbeitung von Rohstoffen wie Splitt, Schotter, Erzen, Kohlen, Salze, Holzwerkstoffen sowie Halbzeugen oder Zwischenprodukten, natürlichen oder synthetischen Schüttgüter oder Pulver wie etwa Kalk, Zement, Fasern, Koks, Naturgraphit, synthetischer Graphit, Kunststoffe sowie deren Zuschlagsstoffe, Verbundwerkstoffe, Keramik, Glas, Metall, Holzspäne, Zuschlagsstoffe für industrielle Prozesse, Strahl- oder Poliermittel, Schrauben, Nägel, Münzen, Edelsteine, Halbedelsteine, Schrott, Recyclate oder andere Abfallströme, Schüttgüter oder Pulver in der Chemie- oder Pharmaindustrie, wie etwa Waschpulver, Pigmente, Schüttungen für Reaktoren, Katalysatoren, medizinische oder kosmetische Wirk- und Hilfsstoffe oder Tabletten.The invention is used, inter alia, but not exclusively, for classifying processes in agriculture, such as in the harvest and processing of fruits, vegetables, berries and cereals, in seeds, fertilizers, animal feed, spices, coffee beans, nuts, tobacco, tea, Eggs or other animal products, as well as fish, meat or (intermediate) products thereof, and waste or by-products resulting therefrom; in the industry for the cleaning or processing of raw materials such as chippings, crushed stone, ores, coal, salts, wood materials and semi-finished or intermediate products, natural or synthetic bulk materials or powders such as lime, cement, fibers, coke, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, plastics and their aggregates, composites, ceramics, glass, metal, wood chips, aggregates for industrial processes, blasting or polishing media, screws, nails, coins, gemstones, semi-precious stones, scrap, recyclates or other waste streams, bulk materials or powders in the chemical or pharmaceutical industries , such as washing powder, pigments, beds for reactors, catalysts, medicinal or cosmetic active ingredients and excipients or tablets.
Claims (18)
- Method for selectively classifying particles as a function of their size, determined by a maximum main dimension (a, b, c) of their particle geometry, by classification using passage openings with a three-dimensional classification effect of a screening structure (3; 4; 5; 11).
- Method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the particles (1) are classified on the basis of one of their maximum main dimensions, length (a) or width (b) or thickness (c).
- Method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that classification takes place in at least one vibrating or non-vibrating, preferably inclined, classification plane and/or the classification plane has rectangular, in particular square, and/or elliptical, in particular circular passage openings (3) and/or the particles (1) are moved along an inclined plane in the area of the passage openings (3) with a three-dimensional classification effect.
- Method as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the screening structure (3; 4; 5; 11) has a predefined coefficient of friction, in particular a coefficient of static friction (µ), depending on the main dimension to be classified and the material to be classified, at least in the area of the passage openings (3).
- Method as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 1 to 4, characterised in that, in the case of a classification based on the main dimension maximum length (a), the particles (1) which are larger than the passage openings (3) remain on a screen deck (11) of the screening structure (3; 4; 5; 11).
- Method as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that a classification lining of the screening structure (3; 4; 5; 11) has an increased coefficient of static friction, in particular a coefficient of static friction µ ≥ 0.3, in particular µ ≥ 0.7, at least in the area of the passage openings (3).
- Method as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a classification lining of the screening structure (3, 4; 5; 11) for a classification based on the main dimensions maximum width (b) or maximum thickness (c) has a reduced coefficient of static friction, in particular a coefficient of static friction µ ≤ 0.3, at least in the area of the passage openings.
- Method as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 1 to 7, characterised in that in conjunction with a classification based on a maximum main dimension (a; b; c), the particles (1) are fractionated into size fractions of these maximum main dimensions (a; b; c) and/or into a plurality of fractions of particles (1) classified on the basis of the same main dimension essentially simultaneously and/or spatially adjacent or spatially separate and/or separate in time.
- Device for selectively classifying particles of a feedstock on the basis of their size, defined by a maximum main dimension thereof, in particular for implementing the method as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 1 to 8, with a classification device having a screening structure (3; 4; 5; 11) with passage openings (3) with a three-dimensional classification effect.
- Device as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the passage openings (3) have standing flaps (5) or standing conduits protruding up from a base of a classification plane on the one hand and/or dropping flaps (4) or dropping conduits (6) extending down from the base of the classification plane on the other hand.
- Device as claimed in claim 9 or 10, characterised in that, for a classification based on the main dimension length (a), the standing flaps or dropping flaps (5; 4) are disposed opposing a transport direction of the particles (1) along the classification plane.
- Device as claimed in claim 9 or 10, characterised in that, for a classification based on the main dimension width (b), standing conduits or dropping conduits (6) of the passage openings (3) bounded by the standing flaps or dropping flaps (5; 4) are oriented so that they correspond to a transport direction of the particles (1) or oppose the latter along the classification plane.
- Device as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 9 or 10, characterised in that, for a classification based on the main dimension thickness (c), standing conduits or dropping conduits (6) of the passage openings (3) bounded by the standing flaps or dropping flaps (5; 4) are disposed so that they correspond to or oppose the transport direction of the particles along the classification plane.
- Device as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 9 to 13, characterised in that the passage openings (3) with a three-dimensional classification effect are disposed between an essentially level particle intake side (11a) of the screening structure (3; 4; 5; 11), in particular the screen deck (11), and an essentially level discharge side (llb) thereof with inclined opening conduits (6).
- Device as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 9 to 14, characterised in that the classification device is at least a level screen deck (11) with an opening geometry with a 3D rectangular hole, 3D square hole, 3D round hole or 3D ellipsoidal hole, in particular a combination of a round, elliptical, rectangular or square opening of a base of the classification plane with a dropping flap (4) or a dropping conduit (6) respectively a standing flap (5) or a standing conduit.
- Device as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 9 to 15, characterised in that a plurality of classification devices, in particular screen decks (11), for forming different fractions during a classification based on a common, maximum main dimension (a; b; c) are disposed in a common housing (12) and each is connected to an associated discharge device (15) for carrying the classified particle fraction away.
- Device as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 9 to 16, characterised in that the classification device is a screening device in the form of a circular, elliptical, linear or planar vibrator or a stationary classification plane in the form of an inclined screen device, in particular a screen deck (11).
- Device as claimed in at least one of preceding claims 9 to 17, characterised in that a screen deck (11) has coplanar top and bottom faces and passage openings with a three-dimensional classification effect in the form of inclined opening conduits (6) extending between the top and bottom faces (11a, 11b), and a thickness (d) of the screen deck is defined as a function of the type of maximum main dimension (a; b; c), and the opening conduits (6) simultaneously constitute dropping flaps (4).
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PL09009288T PL2277633T3 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2009-07-16 | Method and device for selective sorting of particles by size |
EP09009288A EP2277633B1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2009-07-16 | Method and device for selective sorting of particles by size |
ES09009288T ES2389634T3 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2009-07-16 | Procedure and device for the selective classification of particles according to their size |
PCT/EP2010/004330 WO2011006664A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-15 | Method and device for the selective classification of particles according to the size thereof |
IN554DEN2012 IN2012DN00554A (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-15 | |
RU2012104777/03A RU2012104777A (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-15 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SELECTIVE CLASSIFICATION OF PARTICLES BY SIZE |
JP2012519936A JP2012532751A (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-15 | Method and apparatus for sorting and classifying particles according to size |
BR112012001079A BR112012001079A2 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-15 | process and device for the selective classification of particles according to their size |
CN2010800411136A CN102574160A (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-15 | Method and device for the selective classification of particles according to the size thereof |
US13/384,448 US20120175288A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-15 | Method and device for the selective classification of particles according to the size thereof |
MX2012000688A MX2012000688A (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-15 | Method and device for the selective classification of particles according to the size thereof. |
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EP09009288A EP2277633B1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2009-07-16 | Method and device for selective sorting of particles by size |
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US (1) | US20120175288A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2277633B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012532751A (en) |
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US9987664B1 (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-06-05 | Garabedian Bros., Inc. | Item size grader |
JP7089856B2 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2022-06-23 | 日清製粉株式会社 | Wheat raw material manufacturing method and wheat raw material manufacturing equipment |
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FR1038201A (en) * | 1950-07-15 | 1953-09-25 | Bru Ckenbau Flender G M B H | Screen bottom for screening and sieving plant |
US4181603A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1980-01-01 | Eli Lilly And Company | Capsule sorting apparatus |
US4254878A (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1981-03-10 | Black Clawson Fibreclaim Inc. | Screen for separating objects by shape |
JPS57140889U (en) * | 1981-02-28 | 1982-09-03 | ||
JPS5924867B2 (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1984-06-12 | 光義 石原 | Sieve for shiitake mushroom sorting machine |
JPS58146581U (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1983-10-01 | 日鐵溶接工業株式会社 | Vibrating sieve for separating needles |
JPS592481U (en) * | 1982-06-25 | 1984-01-09 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Sieving machine for steel plate cutting waste |
CN2135406Y (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1993-06-09 | 盛兆成 | Coin sorting device |
CN2127892Y (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1993-03-10 | 麻来有 | Rolling cylidder sorting machine for chestnut |
JP2544368Y2 (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1997-08-20 | 株式会社サンキプラン | Product and sprue runner separator |
BRPI0519346B1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2019-05-07 | Metso Minerals (Sweden) Ab | CURSOR BAR MADE OF ELASTOMIC MATERIAL, METAL SCREEN OF ELASTOMIC MATERIAL AND WEAR RESISTANT LINER OF ELASTOMIC MATERIAL |
JP4221010B2 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2009-02-12 | 譲二 岡本 | Screening method and separation method using screen |
US7891498B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2011-02-22 | Carter Day International, Inc. | High capacity length grading machine |
ES2449484T3 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2014-03-19 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Procedure and device for selecting particles |
-
2009
- 2009-07-16 PL PL09009288T patent/PL2277633T3/en unknown
- 2009-07-16 EP EP09009288A patent/EP2277633B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-07-16 ES ES09009288T patent/ES2389634T3/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-07-15 WO PCT/EP2010/004330 patent/WO2011006664A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-07-15 RU RU2012104777/03A patent/RU2012104777A/en unknown
- 2010-07-15 BR BR112012001079A patent/BR112012001079A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-15 CN CN2010800411136A patent/CN102574160A/en active Pending
- 2010-07-15 MX MX2012000688A patent/MX2012000688A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-07-15 US US13/384,448 patent/US20120175288A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-07-15 JP JP2012519936A patent/JP2012532751A/en active Pending
- 2010-07-15 IN IN554DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN00554A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2277633A8 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
IN2012DN00554A (en) | 2015-06-12 |
US20120175288A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
MX2012000688A (en) | 2012-06-12 |
BR112012001079A2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
CN102574160A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
JP2012532751A (en) | 2012-12-20 |
EP2277633A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
ES2389634T3 (en) | 2012-10-29 |
WO2011006664A8 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
RU2012104777A (en) | 2013-08-27 |
PL2277633T3 (en) | 2012-11-30 |
WO2011006664A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
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