EP2083928B1 - Pufferschicht für Saiten - Google Patents

Pufferschicht für Saiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2083928B1
EP2083928B1 EP07864530A EP07864530A EP2083928B1 EP 2083928 B1 EP2083928 B1 EP 2083928B1 EP 07864530 A EP07864530 A EP 07864530A EP 07864530 A EP07864530 A EP 07864530A EP 2083928 B1 EP2083928 B1 EP 2083928B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nylon
coating
composite
string
buffer layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07864530A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2083928A1 (de
Inventor
Zvi Yaniv
Yunjun Li
Dongsheng Mao
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc filed Critical Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc
Publication of EP2083928A1 publication Critical patent/EP2083928A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2083928B1 publication Critical patent/EP2083928B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
    • A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/162—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/10—Strings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
    • D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071—Spacers
    • D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
    • D07B2201/2087—Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/10—Natural organic materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3007—Carbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2936—Wound or wrapped core or coating [i.e., spiral or helical]

Definitions

  • strings for sports equipment e.g., tennis racquets
  • musical instruments are usually coated with a thin layer at their outmost surface to improve their durability, spin, feeling, etc.
  • Polyamide (nylon), polyester, and other polymers have been used to coat on strings.
  • Nanocomposites, such as clay and carbon nanotube reinforced nylon 6 nanocomposites, having better physical properties than neat nylon 6, are of a potential to be highly durable string coating materials with other functionalities.
  • the reinforcing polymeric composites using nano-sized clay particles with high aspect ratio have been investigated since the 1980's (see U.S. Patent No. 4,739,007 ).
  • Strings are usually polymer materials with a multi-layer structure - core filament, wrapping filaments on the core filament, and coating.
  • FIG. 1 shows an SEM image of a cross-section view of a nylon 6/clay nanocomposite coated on a wrapping filament. It can be seen that the nanocomposite material did not successfully fill out the gaps. Many defects were left in the string which will result in unacceptable durability of the strings. The gaps will result in chipping-off or unacceptable durability of coatings during high impact hitting of balls. More over, due to creation of the gaps, coatings also fail to a fix the filaments on the core materials of the string.
  • Figure 2 shows the chipped materials from filaments and coatings after high impact tests on the strings.
  • US 6,460,321 discloses a racquet string comprising a core surrounded by at least one sheath, having a plurality of sheath fibres wound around said core, and a coating resin uniting the core and sheath fibres into a unitary body.
  • the sheath fibres are helically wound about the core at a high wind angle, i.e., at a wind angle between 25 and 40 degrees relative to the core axis.
  • the sheath comprises a plurality of main sheath fibres and a plurality of non-main sheath fibres, and the core, the main sheath fibres, and the coating resin are transparent.
  • the non-main sheath fibres have a relatively low transparency. In this manner, the non-main fibres produce a multi-helix appearance when the string is observed from the side.
  • the present invention provides a string for sports equipment (e.g. tennis rackets) or musical instruments, comprising a core filament wrapped with a plurality of wrapping filaments of a smaller diameter than the core filament, characterized by the following combination: a buffer layer coating filling in gaps between the wrapping filaments and between the wrapping filaments and the core filament, the buffer layer coating being a melt extruded nylon; and an outer composite coating covering over the buffer layer coating, wrapping filaments and core filament, wherein the outer composite coating comprises a composite of nylon and a material selected from clay, carbon nanotubes, ceramic particles such as SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , or glass particles
  • polymer nanocomposites have higher physical/mechanical properties than neat polymer materials, they normally have higher viscosity or melt-flow during an extrusion or coating process.
  • a thin buffer layer is used to coat on the multi-filament wrapped string to fill the gaps.
  • the polymers of the buffer-layer coating have a high melt-flow (low viscosity) during coating process to fill all the gaps between the filaments, and the filaments are fixed by the coatings onto base core materials.
  • the invention provides a string for sports equipment (e.g. tennis rackets) or musical instruments as described above under the heading "Summary of the Invention".
  • Example 1 A coating system with a nylon 6 buffer layer
  • Figure 3A illustrates a cross-section of a string for coating comprised of one monofilament core 301 wrapped with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 302.
  • Neat nylon 6 pellets as may be obtained from UBE Industries Inc. (product name: UBE SF 1018 A) are melted.
  • the buffer layer coating 303 is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 220°C to 270°C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 303 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi-filaments 302 are fully filled by the neat nylon 6 coating.
  • a wear-resistant coating 304 is then coated ( Figure 3C ) by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 240°C to 280°C.
  • a nylon 6/clay or nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 304.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
  • Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coatings 304. Except for the clay, carbon nanotubes, ceramic particles such as SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , or glass particles may be used to make nylon6 nanocomposites.
  • the Nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant coating may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.
  • Example 2 A coating system with a nylon 11 buffer layer
  • the string for coating is one monofilament core 301 wrapped with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 302.
  • Neat nylon 11 may be obtained from ARKEMA Inc. Nylon 11 has a very good melt flow at temperatures over 220°C. Good impact strength and shear strength also make nylon 11 a good buffer layer material.
  • the buffer layer coating 303 is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 190°C to 270°C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 303 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi-filaments 302 are fully filled by the neat nylon 11 coating.
  • a wear-resistant coating 304 is then coated by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 240°C to 280°C.
  • Nylon 6/clay or a nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 304.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
  • Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coating 304.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant coating 304 may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.
  • Nylon 6 nanocomposites may be melted at higher than 190°C and extruded to deposit a coating on the strings. Nylon 6 nanocomposites may be dissolved in a solvent such as formic acid and sprayed, dipped, spin coated, brushed, painted, or immersed to deposit a coating on the string at room temperature or elevated temperatures. The solvent may be then removed by a follow-up process such as an evaporation method.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coated string structure of Figure 3C is then coated again with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 401.
  • a buffer layer coating 402 similar to layer 303, is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 190°C to 270°C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 402 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi-filaments 401 are fully filled by the neat nylon 11 1 coating.
  • a wear-resistant coating 403 is then coated by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 240°C to 280°C.
  • Nylon 6/clay or a nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 403.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
  • Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coating 403.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant coating 403 may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.

Landscapes

  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Saite für Sportgeräte (z.B. Tennisschläger) oder Musikinstrumente, wobei die Saite eine Seele (301) umfasst, die mit einer Mehrzahl von Mantelfasern (302) mit geringerem Durchmesser als die Seele umwickelt ist, gekennzeichnet durch die folgende Kombination:
    einen Pufferschichtüberzug (303), der Zwischenräume zwischen den Mantelfasern (302) und zwischen den Mantelfasern (302) und der Seele (301) füllt, wobei es sich bei dem Pufferschichtüberzug (303) um schmelzgesponnenes Nylon handelt; und
    einen äußeren Verbundstoffüberzug (304), der den Pufferschichtüberzug (303), die Mantelfasern (302) und die Seele (301) bedeckt, wobei der äußere Verbundstoffüberzug (304) einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und einem Material umfasst, das aus Ton, Kohlenstoffnanoröhren, Keramikteilchen wie SiO2 und Al2O3 oder Glasteilchen ausgewählt wird.
  2. Saite nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Pufferschichtüberzug (303) Nylon 6 oder Nylon 11 1 umfasst.
  3. Saite nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei der äußere Überzug (304) einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Ton-Nanopartikeln oder einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Kohlenstoffnanoröhren umfasst.
  4. Saite nach Anspruch 3, wobei der äußere Überzug (303) ferner einen Gummimodifikator umfasst.
  5. Saite nach Anspruch 1, wobei diese ferner folgendes umfasst:
    eine weitere Mehrzahl von Mantelfasern (401), die um den äußeren Überzug gewickelt sind;
    einen weiteren Pufferschichtüberzug (402), der Zwischenräume zwischen der weiteren Mehrzahl von Mantelfasern füllt; und
    einen weiteren äußeren Überzug (403), der den weiteren Pufferschichtüberzug bedeckt.
  6. Saite nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Nylonpufferschicht eine Dicke zwischen 10 und 100 Mikrometern aufweist.
  7. Saite nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Überzug (304) eine Dicke zwischen 1 und 100 Mikrometern aufweist.
  8. Saite nach Anspruch 1, wobei der äußere Überzug (304) einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Glasteilchen oder einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Keramikteilchen umfasst.
  9. Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer Saite für Sportgeräte (z.B. Tennisschläger) oder Musikinstrumente, wobei das Verfahren das Umwickeln einer Seele (301) mit einem ersten Durchmesser mit einer oder mehreren Mantelfasern (302) mit einem zweiten Durchmesser umfasst, der kleiner ist als der erste Durchmesser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren ferner folgendes umfasst:
    das Extrudieren von geschmolzenem Nylon (303) in Zwischenräume zwischen der einen oder den mehreren Mantelfasern (302) und in Zwischenräume zwischen den Mantelfasern (302) und Seele (301); und
    das Extrudieren eines äußeren Verbundstoffüberzugs (304) an einem Umfang der Saite, so dass dieser die eine oder mehreren Mantelfasern (302) und das geschmolzene Nylon (303) in den Zwischenräumen bedeckt, wobei der Verbundstoffüberzug (304) einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Ton-Nanopartikeln oder einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Kohlenstoffnanoröhren, oder einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Keramikteilchen, oder einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Glasteilchen umfasst.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei das geschmolzene Nylon (303) Nylon 6 oder Nylon 11 umfasst.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder Anspruch 10, wobei der äußere Überzug (304) einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Ton-Nanopartikeln oder einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Kohlenstoffnanoröhren umfasst.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei der äußere Überzug (303) einen Gummimodifikator umfasst.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, wobei Nylonpufferschicht eine Dicke zwischen 10 und 100 Mikrometern aufweist.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, wobei der Überzug (304) eine Dicke zwischen 1 und 100 Mikrometern aufweist.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei der äußere Überzug (304) einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Glasteilchen oder einen Verbundstoff aus Nylon und Keramikteilchen umfasst.
EP07864530A 2006-11-16 2007-11-16 Pufferschicht für Saiten Not-in-force EP2083928B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86619906P 2006-11-16 2006-11-16
PCT/US2007/084973 WO2008061229A1 (en) 2006-11-16 2007-11-16 Buffer layer for strings

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2083928A1 EP2083928A1 (de) 2009-08-05
EP2083928B1 true EP2083928B1 (de) 2011-10-26

Family

ID=39186839

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07864530A Not-in-force EP2083928B1 (de) 2006-11-16 2007-11-16 Pufferschicht für Saiten

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080124546A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2083928B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2010510400A (de)
CN (1) CN101534909A (de)
AT (1) ATE530230T1 (de)
TW (1) TW200840890A (de)
WO (1) WO2008061229A1 (de)

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US9056783B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2015-06-16 Hach Company System for monitoring discharges into a waste water collection system

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US8713906B2 (en) 2006-11-16 2014-05-06 Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. Composite coating for strings
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US8958917B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2015-02-17 Hach Company Method and system for remote monitoring of fluid quality and treatment
US9056783B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2015-06-16 Hach Company System for monitoring discharges into a waste water collection system

Also Published As

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JP2010510400A (ja) 2010-04-02
ATE530230T1 (de) 2011-11-15
TW200840890A (en) 2008-10-16
WO2008061229A1 (en) 2008-05-22
EP2083928A1 (de) 2009-08-05
CN101534909A (zh) 2009-09-16
WO2008061229A9 (en) 2008-08-21
US20080124546A1 (en) 2008-05-29

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