EP2081581A2 - Articles antimicrobiens et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Articles antimicrobiens et procédé de fabrication

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Publication number
EP2081581A2
EP2081581A2 EP07868453A EP07868453A EP2081581A2 EP 2081581 A2 EP2081581 A2 EP 2081581A2 EP 07868453 A EP07868453 A EP 07868453A EP 07868453 A EP07868453 A EP 07868453A EP 2081581 A2 EP2081581 A2 EP 2081581A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
substrate
article
salt
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07868453A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
David R. Holm
Scott A. Burton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Innovative Properties Co
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Co filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Co
Publication of EP2081581A2 publication Critical patent/EP2081581A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/44—Medicaments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/38—Silver; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/18—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing inorganic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/425—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antimicrobial articles comprising silver and to methods for the manufacture of such articles.
  • Silver compounds are known to impart antimicrobial effects to a surface (e.g., wound tissue) with minimal risk of developing bacterial resistance.
  • a surface e.g., wound tissue
  • silver is delivered by the sustained release of silver ions into the wound.
  • the present invention provides articles and methods for the manufacture of such articles.
  • a method of making an antimicrobial article comprising: applying a silver composition to a substrate to provide a liquid coated substrate, the silver composition comprising a silver salt other than silver sulfate in a solvent, the silver composition comprising stabilizing agent in an amount less than about 100 parts per million (ppm); the substrate comprising material selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, polyacetate, polyacrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polylactic acid, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl ether, styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene elastomer, styrene- buty
  • the invention provides an article, comprising: a silver salt other than silver sulfate, the silver salt applied to a substrate; and the substrate comprising material selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, polyacetate, polyacrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polylactic acid, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl ether, styrene-ethylenebutylene- styrene elastomer, styrene-butylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-isoprene-styrene elastomer, glass fiber, ceramic and combinations of two or more of the group consisting
  • a method comprising: applying a silver composition to a substrate to provide a liquid coated substrate, the silver composition comprising a silver salt selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver iodate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver hyponitrite, silver levunilate, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver propionate, silver stearate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing; and heating the liquid coated substrate at a temperature sufficient to form silver metal from silver salt to provide a color stable antimicrobial article comprising silver metal nanoparticles and silver salt.
  • a silver salt selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzo
  • the invention provides a method of making an antimicrobial article, comprising: applying a silver composition to a substrate to provide a liquid coated substrate, the silver composition comprising a silver salt other than silver sulfate; and heating the liquid coated substrate at a temperature sufficient to form silver metal from silver salt to provide a color stable antimicrobial article comprising silver metal nanoparticles and silver salt.
  • the invention provides an article, comprising: a silver metal and silver salt disposed on a substrate, the silver salt selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver iodate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver hyponitrite, silver levunilate, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver propionate, silver stearate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver iodate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxalate, silver phosphate
  • the invention provides an article, comprising: a silver metal and silver salt applied to a substrate, the silver salt comprising a silver salt other than silver sulfate.
  • Ambient temperature means the existing room temperature, typically within a range from about 15°C to about 30 0 C.
  • Relative humidity means the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air to the greatest amount possible at the same temperature.
  • the present invention provides antimicrobial articles that contain silver.
  • the articles are color stable (when exposed to UV or visible light), release antimicrobial levels of silver ions, are surprisingly easy to manufacture and can be made into wound dressings, wound packing materials, or other material suitable for application directly on a wound.
  • the term "color stable" means that the article does not exhibit a significant observable change in color and/or homogeneity of color over time (e.g., for at least 4 hours after exposure to light). Color change can be evaluated in any of a variety of ways, and the present invention is not limited to a particular method or technique to determine color change.
  • color change is evaluated by observation.
  • color change is evaluated using a graduated scale.
  • color change may be evaluated by observing a sample under fluorescent lighting and assigning a rating from 0 to 10 to the color of the sample by comparing it to color standards.
  • a rating of 0, 1 or 2 is considered to be "white” including white to cream.
  • a rating from 3 through 5 is "yellow” including light yellow to golden yellow, and a rating from 6 through 10 is classified as rust to dark brown.
  • a numerical value for color change is obtained by obtained by subtracting the initial rating from the rating after treatment. Positive ratings for color change represent a darkening in appearance and negative ratings represent a lightening in appearance.
  • a color change on this scale of 1 or less is considered acceptable (e.g., no significant change) as long as the color is initially homogeneous and remains so. If the color is initially non-homogeneous, a color change of 0.5 is considered significant.
  • color change can also be measured using a colorimeter such as a Minolta Chroma Meter (CR-300, manufactured by Konica Minolta Photo Imaging U.S.A., Inc., Mahwah, NJ) using tristimulus values.
  • a color change on this scale in the "Y" value of 15% or less is considered to be acceptable as long as the color of the sample remains homogeneous. If the color is non-homogeneous, a color change of 5% in the "Y" value is considered a significant.
  • color change can be measured using a colorimeter according to test method ASTM D2244.
  • the resulting CIELAB color difference (DE*), between the sample after exposure for the indicated period of time and the unexposed sample can be determined.
  • DE* CIELAB color difference
  • a DE*, or color change of about 2 units is considered to be the threshold for detection by the naked eye whereas a DE* of 20 or greater represents a substantial or significant color change.
  • stabilizers typically, the art has relied on the use of chemical compounds known as stabilizers to provide color stability to articles that include silver salt. But, such stabilizers can also reduce the solubility of silver salts so that the release of silver ions can be too low (less than 0.01 mg/g dressing in water in 30 minutes) to be efficacious for a wound.
  • color stability is achieved by applying a silver composition onto a substrate and drying the article.
  • the dried article is color stable without the need to include stabilizers or the like.
  • color stability is achieved by reducing a portion of silver salt (preferably less than 30%) applied to a substrate to nano- scale silver metal particles ("nanoparticles") via drying at an elevated temperature to create a product that is color stable with a color that is often observed as light yellow to golden brown as a result of the formation of silver metal nanoparticles.
  • a method for making antimicrobial articles by applying (e.g., coating) silver compound(s) onto a substrate to provide a color stable antimicrobial article comprising silver salt.
  • a method is provided for making antimicrobial articles by applying (e.g., coating) silver compound(s) onto a substrate to provide a color stable antimicrobial article comprising silver metal and silver salt.
  • a silver composition is first prepared by dissolving silver salt in a suitable solvent (e.g., water) to provide a coatable liquid silver composition in the form of a silver salt solution.
  • a suitable solvent e.g., water
  • the solvent used in the silver composition consists of water.
  • the solvent in the silver composition is predominantly water along with other ingredients that enhance the solubility of the silver salt.
  • Silver salts suitable for use in the present invention can be selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver iodate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver hyponitrite, silver levunilate, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver propionate, silver stearate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • any one of the foregoing salts is suitable by itself or in combination with any other silver salt.
  • Silver sulfate is not included with the foregoing salts.
  • the silver salt is selected from a subset of the foregoing salts consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver levunilate, silver propionate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is selected from another subset of the salts consisting of silver iodate, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver hyponitrite, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver stearate and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is selected to exclude silver sulfate. In some embodiments, the silver salt is silver nitrate. In some embodiments, the salt is silver benzoate.
  • the silver composition may be formulated with a total silver content of up to about 1.0% by weight, typically between about 0.01% and about 0.5% by weight in the composition.
  • the pH of the silver composition is maintained at a desired target value in order to avoid adverse effects to the substrate when the composition is applied thereto.
  • the pH of the silver composition is maintained at 9 or less.
  • the pH of the silver composition is maintained above 4 but less than 7, to minimize adverse effects to cellulosic substrates, for example.
  • Stabilizing agents include ammonia, ammonium salts (e.g., ammonium acetate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate and the like), thiosulfates, water insoluble salts of metals (e.g., halides such as chlorides), peroxides, magnesium trisilicate, and/or polymers. Stabilizing agents, when present in the silver composition, may be present in amounts less than 100 ppm.
  • stabilizers may be present in amounts less than 50 ppm, and in some embodiments less than 20 ppm, based on the total weight of the silver salt composition.
  • stabilizing agents are present in amounts less than 1000 ppm based on the total weight of the dried color stable antimicrobial article.
  • stabilizing agents are present in amounts less than 500 ppm based on the total weight of the dried color stable antimicrobial article, and in still other embodiments stabilizing agents are present in amounts less than 100 ppm, based on the total weight of the dried color stable antimicrobial article.
  • the silver composition may optionally include compounds to facilitate solubility of the silver salt in the solvent (e.g., water).
  • the solvent e.g., water
  • embodiments of the invention may include solubilizing agents selected from the group consisting of ammonium pentaborate, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium peroxyborate, ammonium tertraborate, triammonium citrate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium malate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium succinate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium tartarate, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • solubilizing agents for inclusion in the silver composition of the invention preference is given to substances that will evaporate or degrade following application of the composition on a substrate and heating as described herein.
  • the thus formulated silver composition is applied to a substrate to provide a liquid coated substrate.
  • the silver composition will penetrate and impregnate the interior of the substrate.
  • absorbent materials e.g., gauze
  • the silver composition impregnates between the fibers of the substrate.
  • Application of the silver composition to a substrate can be accomplished as a continuous process, or it can be done in a discrete manner and even in a single step. Any of a variety of materials may be used as a substrate or substrate material to which the silver composition is applied.
  • suitable materials can include polymeric materials or is comprised of large, long chain molecules.
  • the material for the substrate is typically selected to be 'non-oxidizable' in that it does not readily oxidize in the presence of silver salts (e.g., silver nitrate) when heated to temperatures below about 120 0 C.
  • Suitable substrates include materials selected from the group comprising or consisting of polyamide, polyester, polyacetate, polyacrylic, polyolefins (e.g., polypropylene polyethylene, ethylene propylene copolymers, and ethylene butylene copolymers), polyurethanes (including polyurethane foams), polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polylactic acid, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polystyrenes, cellulose acetate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl ether, styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-butylene-styrene elastomer, styrene- isoprene-styrene elastomer, glass
  • the substrate comprises or consists of cellulose acetate. In some embodiments, the substrate comprises or consists of polyamide (e.g., Nylon 6, 6).
  • suitable materials can include cellulosic and non- cellulosic materials such as, for example, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, threads and yarns made from materials such as cotton, rayon, hemp, jute, bamboo fibers, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers, polyamides, polyacetates, alginates, collagen, gelatin, natural rubber, polyacrylamide, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • cellulosic and non- cellulosic materials such as, for example, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, threads and yarns made from materials such as cotton, rayon, hemp, jute, bamboo fibers, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers, polyamides, polyacetates, alginates, collagen, gelatin, natural rubber, polyacrylamide, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the above material or combinations thereof can be combined with other materials such as polyesters, polyacrylics, polyolefins (e.g., polypropylene polyethylene, ethylene propylene copolymers, and ethylene butylene copolymers), polyurethanes (including polyurethane foams), vinyls including polyvinylchloride, polystyrenes, fiberglass, ceramic fibers, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polyvinyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarbonate, styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-butylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-isoprene-styrene elastomer, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • polyesters e.
  • the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of cellulosic material, nylon, polyester fiber, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate can be porous or nonporous, and the silver composition can be coated onto a surface of the substrate or impregnated into it, for example.
  • the substrate may be flexible and can comprise woven or nonwoven materials made of natural or synthetic compounds.
  • the substrate may be selected from polymeric webs (non-woven or woven), polymer films, hydrocolloids, foams, paper, and/or combinations of the foregoing.
  • the substrate can be an absorbent cotton gauze.
  • Porous substrates made from the foregoing materials can include knits, wovens
  • the apertures (i.e., openings) in the porous substrates are of sufficient size and sufficient number to facilitate high breathability.
  • the porous substrates have at least 1 aperture per square centimeter.
  • the porous substrates have no greater than 225 apertures per square centimeter.
  • the apertures have an average opening size (i.e., the largest dimension of the opening) of at least 0.1 millimeter (mm).
  • the apertures have an average opening size (i.e., the largest dimension of the opening) of no greater than 0.5 centimeter (cm).
  • the porous substrates have a basis weight of at least 5 grams/meter .
  • the porous substrates have a basis weight of no greater than 1000 grams/meter 2 , and in some embodiments no greater than 200 grams/meter 2 .
  • Porous substrates may be flexible yet resistant to tearing.
  • the thickness of the porous substrates is at least about 0.0125 millimeter (mm).
  • the thickness of the porous substrates is no greater than about 15 mm, and for certain embodiments no greater than about 3 mm.
  • the substrate comprises permeable material(s) that allow for moisture vapor transmission therethrough.
  • the substrate may be a hydrocolloid, such as a hydrophilic polymer, or hydrophobic polymer matrix containing hydrophilic particles, as described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. Nos. 2004/0180093 and 2005/0124724.
  • Cellulosic materials may be suitable for use in certain embodiments of the invention, including polysaccharide or modified polysaccharide, regenerated cellulose (such as rayon), paper, cotton, carboxymethyl cellulose, and the like.
  • Suitable absorbent materials include those made from or incorporating cellulose fibers such as carboxymethylated materials - carboxymethylated cotton, carboxymethylated cellulose, carboxymethylated rayon.
  • Suitable commercial cellulosic fibers include solvent-spun cellulosic fibers known under the trade designation "TENCEL” available from Lenzing Fibers, Inc. Carboxymethylated variations of the foregoing TENCEL fibers, as disclosed in WO1993012275 Al, are also suitable for use in certain embodiments of the invention.
  • the substrates are substantially impervious to liquid, especially wound exudate.
  • the silver composition can be applied at ambient temperatures, typically at temperatures less than about 7O 0 C.
  • the silver composition can be coated onto a substrate using any of a variety of known coating techniques such as gravure coating, curtain coating, die coating, knife coating, roll coating, spray coating and the like.
  • the substrate can be dipped into or passed through a bath of the silver composition.
  • moderate heat may be applied to the liquid coated substrate at a temperature and for a duration sufficient to dry the article to provide a color stable antimicrobial article.
  • Sufficiently elevated temperatures may be attained in an oven and, in certain embodiments of the invention, the temperature is less than 100 0 C and typically within the range from about 50 0 C to about 90 0 C.
  • the liquid coated substrate may be air dried at ambient or room temperature. Actual drying temperatures may vary depending on the amount of time allotted for drying, the silver loading on the liquid coated substrate, the type and weight of the substrate and the like. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the temperature should be high enough to dry the article without reducing the silver salt or oxidizing the substrate. In this manner, the dried article is color stable. Not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the articles of the invention produced in this manner are color stable due in part to the non-oxidizable substrate(s) being used.
  • the drying temperature can by higher than 100 0 C as long as the substrate is not oxidized by silver nitrate to form silver metal or the substrate does not melt or burn. Polyester is an example of this type of substrate.
  • heat is applied to the liquid coated substrate at a temperature and for a duration sufficient to dry the article (by removing the solvent from the silver composition) and to reduce at least a portion of the silver salt to silver metal to provide a color stable antimicrobial article.
  • At least a portion of the silver metal is in the form of nanoparticles of silver.
  • nanoparticle refers to a microscopic particle whose size is measured in nanometers (nm) having at least one dimension less than about 200 nm.
  • the drying temperature for the liquid coated substrate is elevated above room temperature.
  • the temperature is in excess of about 95°C and within the range from about 95°C to about 225°C.
  • the liquid coated substrate is dried at temperatures between about 100 0 C and about 200 0 C. In still other embodiments, the liquid coated substrate is dried at temperatures between about 110 0 C and about 180 0 C. In still other embodiments, the liquid coated substrate is dried at temperatures between about 130 0 C and about 175°C. Actual drying temperatures may vary depending on the amount of time allotted for drying, the silver loading on the liquid coated substrate, the type and weight of the substrate and the like.
  • the temperature should be high enough to achieve the reduction of silver (I), in embodiments where desired. But, consideration must also be given to the melting temperature and oxidation potential of the substrate.
  • substrate materials suitable for use as wound dressings may comprise materials that are readily oxidizable at higher temperatures (e.g., cellulosic materials) so that prolonged heating or exposure to very high temperatures may be detrimental to the quality and/or the integrity of the finished article.
  • An excessively high drying temperature can burn or melt some substrate materials and render them unfit for their intended purpose (e.g., as a wound dressing).
  • the finished article includes silver metal and silver salt affixed to a substrate.
  • the heating of the liquid coated substrate in certain embodiments oxidizes the substrate and reduces the silver salt to silver metal. Oxidation of the substrate and formation of nanoparticles of metallic silver are believed to be responsible for the color(s) and the color stability observed in certain of the finished antimicrobial articles of the invention.
  • heat treating the liquid coated substrate can result in a finished article having a non-white color (e.g., yellow to brown) that is stable for extended periods of time after exposure to light and/or heat.
  • the articles of the invention remain stable to light (e.g., visible, UV) such that they are color stable.
  • they release antimicrobially efficacious levels of silver ions and, in certain embodiments of the invention, are readily applicable to skin wounds as a wound dressing.
  • the articles are simple to manufacture, and are generally free of added stabilizers.
  • the present invention provides a wound dressing that comprises readily soluble silver salt(s) applied to a substrate.
  • the present invention provides a wound dressing that comprises nanoparticles of silver metal as well as readily soluble silver salt(s) applied to and disposed on a substrate.
  • "applied to” and “disposed on” refer to the placement of the silver onto a substrate so that the silver and/or silver salt is on a substrate surface and, in the case of absorbent materials, may also be distributed within the interior of a substrate (e.g., throughout the absorbent structure between the outermost surfaces).
  • an antimicrobially effective amount of silver is available for delivery from the article to the wound bed, or the like.
  • the article typically maintains efficacious levels of silver release (e.g., greater than 0.01 mg/g dressing in 100 g water in 30 minutes).
  • the color of the finished article is stable (e.g., to heat and light). In certain embodiments of the invention, the article is color stable for more than 4 hours, in some embodiments, for more than 8 hours, and, in some embodiments, longer than 24 hours following exposure of the article to visible or UV light.
  • the light stability of the articles of the invention can be prolonged by packaging the article in light-proof packaging or storing the article in a light- free environment until the article is to be used.
  • the concentration of silver (in certain embodiments as silver salt, and in certain embodiments as a silver salt plus silver metal) on the dried substrate is preferably less than about 40,000 milligrams (mg) Ag per kilogram (kg) substrate, and in some embodiments less than about 20,000 mg Ag/kg substrate. In still other embodiments, the concentration of silver is less than about 10,000 mg Ag/kg substrate. In embodiments of the invention in which the silver is present as a silver salt and silver metal, of the total amount of silver on the substrate, less than 30% is typically present as silver metal.
  • the articles of the invention are medical articles such as wound dressings and wound packing materials or other material that is applied directly to or contacts a wound.
  • the articles of the invention may be used in other applications (medical and non-medical applications) where the antimicrobial properties of silver are needed or desired.
  • Other potential products include clothing, bedding, masks, dust cloths, shoe inserts, diapers, and hospital materials such as blankets, surgical drapes, and gowns.
  • the stability of the articles of the invention may be prolonged and/or increased when the relative humidity at room temperature is maintained at 50% or lower; more preferably at 30% or lower; and most preferably at 20% or lower.
  • Relative humidity can be reduced to 30%, and preferably to 20%, or lower for the article of the invention by a number of methods including, for example: 1) placing the article in an environment that has a relative humidity of 30% or lower, preferably 20% or lower, and then packaging the article in the same environment; 2) drying the liquid coated substrate in an oven and immediately packaging the resulting article; and/or 3) adding a desiccant within the article's packaging.
  • Environments suitable to maintain a low humidity include packaging made of material having a low moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) such as a Techni-Pouch package (e.g., commercially available from Technipaq, Inc., Crystal Lake, IL) with a PET/Aluminum Foil/LLDPE material construction.
  • MVTR moisture vapor transmission rate
  • the articles of the invention are nonadherent, although it will be understood that an adhesive (e.g., a pressure sensitive adhesive) can be applied to an article in a known manner.
  • Pressure sensitive adhesive suitable for use in medical articles can be used in the articles of the present invention. That is, a pressure sensitive adhesive can be applied to a surface of the article of this invention to facilitate adherence of the article to the skin.
  • the adhesive may be applied, for example, around the periphery of a surface of the article so that the silver-containing surface of the article is adhesively held to the skin in contact with a wound, or the like. In this manner, under the moist conditions of a wound bed, the article will release silver ions into the wound to prevent microbial growth.
  • substrates coated with the silver composition can be covered on one or both sides by a permeable nonadherent outside layer to reduce adhesion and attachment to the wound.
  • the nonadherent layer can be attached to the substrate by coating or laminating, for example.
  • the coated substrate can be enclosed within a nonadherent layer, such as a sleeve.
  • the nonadherent layer can be made from nonadherent woven or nonwoven fabrics such as nylon or perfluorinated-material coatings on cotton gauze. The nonadherent layer prevents attachment of the wound dressing to the wound. At the same time, the nonadherent layer does not adversely affect the sustained release of silver from the coated substrate.
  • the substrate or support substrate can be composed of nonadherent material.
  • a nonadherent hydrophilic polymer can be used as the substrate or support material, or coated on a permeable porous substrate, as described in U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2004/0180093, 2005/0123590, and 2005/0124724.
  • the coated substrate can be covered with two protective films (for example, thin polyester films). These films optionally may include a nonstick treatment and can function to facilitate extraction from a package and in handling the article. If desired, the coated substrate can be cut into individual compresses, of sizes suitable for the use, packaged in sealed sachets, and sterilized.
  • two protective films for example, thin polyester films. These films optionally may include a nonstick treatment and can function to facilitate extraction from a package and in handling the article.
  • the coated substrate can be cut into individual compresses, of sizes suitable for the use, packaged in sealed sachets, and sterilized.
  • a method of making an antimicrobial article comprising: applying a silver composition to a substrate to provide a liquid coated substrate, the silver composition comprising a silver salt other than silver sulfate in a solvent, the silver composition comprising a stabilizing agent in an amount less than about 100 ppm; the substrate comprising material selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, polyacetate, polyacrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polylactic acid, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl ether, styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-butylene-styrene elastomer,
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver levunilate, silver propionate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver iodate, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver hyponitrite, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver stearate and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises polyolefin selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene propylene copolymers, ethylene butylene copolymers, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises cellulose acetate.
  • the substrate comprises material selected from the group consisting of knits, wovens, nonwovens, extruded porous sheets, and perforated sheets.
  • the color stable antimicrobial article comprises silver salt applied to the substrate with a concentration of silver on the substrate being less than about 20,000 mg Ag/kg substrate.
  • the color stable antimicrobial article comprises silver salt applied to the substrate with a concentration of silver on the substrate being less than about 10,000 mg Ag/kg substrate.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver iodate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver hyponitrite, silver levunilate, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver propionate, silver stearate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver levunilate, silver propionate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is silver nitrate.
  • a method of making an antimicrobial article comprising: applying a silver composition to a substrate to provide a liquid coated substrate, the silver composition comprising a silver salt selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver iodate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver hyponitrite, silver levunilate, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver propionate, silver stearate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing; and heating the liquid coated substrate at a temperature sufficient to form silver metal from silver salt to provide a color stable antimicrobial article comprising silver metal nanoparticles and silver salt.
  • a silver salt selected from the group consisting of silver
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver levunilate, silver propionate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver iodate, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver hyponitrite, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver stearate and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of cellulosic material, nylon, polyamides, polyacetates, collagen, gelatin, polyacrylamide, natural rubber, alginates, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate also comprises material selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacrylics, polyolefins, polyurethanes, vinyls including polyvinylchloride, polystyrenes, fiberglass, ceramic fibers, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polyvinyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarbonate, styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-butylene-styrene elastomer, styrene- isoprene-styrene elastomer and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • material selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacrylics, polyolefins, polyurethanes, vinyls including polyvinylchloride, polystyrenes, fiberglass,
  • the cellulosic material is absorbent carboxymethylated material selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylated cotton, carboxymethylated cellulose, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers, and carboxymethylated rayon and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the cellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, hemp, jute, bamboo fibers, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • 41. The method of any one of embodiments 31 through 40, wherein the substrate comprises material selected from the group consisting of knits, wovens, nonwovens, extruded porous sheets, and perforated sheets.
  • a method of making an antimicrobial article comprising: applying a silver composition to a substrate to provide a liquid coated substrate, the silver composition comprising a silver salt other than silver sulfate; and heating the liquid coated substrate at a temperature sufficient to form silver metal from silver salt to provide a color stable antimicrobial article comprising silver metal nanoparticles and silver salt. 50.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver levunilate, silver propionate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is silver benzoate.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver iodate, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver hyponitrite, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver stearate and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises material selected from the group consisting of cellulosic material, nylon, polyamides, polyacetates, collagen, gelatin, polyacrylamide, natural rubber, alginates and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate also comprises material selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacrylics, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyvinylchloride, polystyrenes, fiberglass, ceramic fibers, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polyvinyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarbonate, styrene- ethylenebutylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-butylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-isoprene- styrene elastomer, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises cellulosic material.
  • the cellulosic material comprises absorbent carboxymethylated materials selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylated cotton, carboxymethylated cellulose, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers, and carboxymethylated rayon and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the cellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, hemp, jute, bamboo fibers, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises material selected from the group consisting of knits, wovens, nonwovens, extruded porous sheets, and perforated sheets.
  • the silver salt solution comprises a stabilizing agent in an amount less than 100 ppm based on the total weight of the silver composition.
  • An article comprising: silver metal and silver salt disposed on a substrate, the silver salt selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver iodate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver hyponitrite, silver levunilate, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver propionate, silver stearate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver levunilate, silver propionate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is silver nitrate.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver iodate, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver hyponitrite, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver stearate and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of cellulosic material, nylon, polyamides, polyacetates, collagen, gelatin, polyacrylamide, natural rubber, alginates and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the article of embodiment 72, wherein the substrate also comprises material selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacrylics, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyvinylchloride, polystyrenes, fiberglass, ceramic fibers, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, poly lactic acid, polyvinyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarbonate, styrene- ethylenebutylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-butylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-isoprene- styrene elastomer and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises cellulosic material.
  • the cellulosic material comprise absorbent carboxymethylated materials selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylated cotton, carboxymethylated cellulose, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers, and carboxymethylated rayon and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • cellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, hemp, jute, bamboo fibers, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the article of embodiment 82 wherein the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver chloride, silver citrate, silver lactate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver chlorite, silver fluosilicate, silver trihydrogen paraperiodate, silver levunilate, silver propionate, silver tartrate, mild silver protein, silver protein and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the silver salt is silver nitrate.
  • the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver iodate, silver oxalate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver saccharinate, silver anthranilate, silver hyponitrite, silver myristate, silver palmitate, silver stearate and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of cellulosic material, nylon, polyamides, polyacetates, collagen, gelatin, polyacrylamide, natural rubber, alginates and combinations of two or more of the foregoing. 88.
  • the substrate also comprises material selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacrylics, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyvinylchloride, polystyrenes, fiberglass, ceramic fibers, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polyvinyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarbonate, styrene- ethylenebutylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-butylene-styrene elastomer, styrene-isoprene- styrene elastomer and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate comprises cellulosic material.
  • the cellulosic material comprise absorbent carboxymethylated materials selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylated cotton, carboxymethylated cellulose, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers, and carboxymethylated rayon and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the cellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, hemp, jute, bamboo fibers, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylated solvent-spun cellulose fibers and combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the substrate is a material selected from the group consisting of knits, wovens, extruded porous sheets, and perforated sheets.
  • a silver nitrate coating solution was prepared by placing 0.316 grams (g) silver nitrate (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle and capping the bottle and mixing at room temperature in a shaker overnight. Approximately 6 grams of this silver nitrate solution (approximately 1000 micrograms ( ⁇ g) Ag per gram (g)) solution was coated on an approximately 4-inch x 4-inch piece of 100% nylon woven from American Fiber and Finishing in Albemarle, NC (SR-823-32x28, 60 gsm) by transferring the solution by pipette to saturate the mesh that was contained in a polystyrene dish.
  • Example 1-1 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-1, except the silver solution was silver benzoate (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA) and this solution was prepared by placing 0.459 g silver benzoate and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle. This resulting silver benzoate solution was approximately 1000 ⁇ g Ag/g. The color of the samples was white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 1-2.
  • silver benzoate Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA
  • Example 1-3 (Comparative) Color with Time
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-1, except the substrate was a membrane filter comprised of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate (0.22 ⁇ M filters, GSWP 047 00) from Millipore in Billerica, MA. The initial color of the samples was white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 1-4.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-2, except the substrate was a membrane filter comprised of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate (0.22 ⁇ M filters, GSWP 047 00) from Millipore in Billerica, MA. The initial color of the samples was white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 1-5.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-1, except the substrate was a 100% polyester spunlaced non- woven (SONTARA 8010, 45 gsm) from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company in Wilmington, DE. This polyester non-woven was wetted by mechanically inducing the silver nitrate solution into the pores of the polyester substrate by fingertips of glove covered hands. (Gloves were SAFESKIN powder free purple nitrile exam gloves (Ref 55083 Large) by Kimberly Clark, Roswell, GA). The initial color of the samples was white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 1-6.
  • Example 1-6 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-6, except the silver nitrate solution was prepared by placing 1.261 g silver nitrate and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle. This resulting silver nitrate solution was approximately 4000 ⁇ g Ag/g. The initial color of the samples was white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 1-7.
  • Example 1-1 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-1, except the substrate was a 100% cotton non-woven from Suntec Union, Japan (Nissinbo, AN20601050 60 gsm, containing less than 50 ppm chloride). The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 1-8.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-2, except the substrate was a 100% cotton non-woven from Suntec Union, Japan (Nissinbo, AN20601050 60 gsm, containing less than 50 ppm chloride). The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 1-9.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-1, except the substrate was a non-woven of 70% Viscose/30% PET fibers (507030RPET Pl, white, 50 gsm) from FA-MA JERSEY s.p.a in Italy. The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table I- 10.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-2, except the substrate was a non-woven of 70% Viscose/30% PET fibers (507030RPET Pl, white, 50 gsm) from FA-MA JERSEY s.p.a in Italy. The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table I- 11.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 1-1, except the substrate was a non-woven of 70% LYOCELL fibers/30% PET (SX-156, white, 50 gsm, FT-IO apertured) from Ahlstrom Green Bay, Inc. in Green Bay, WI that contained less than 40 ppm chloride. The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 1-12.
  • a silver nitrate coating solution was prepared by placing 0.0792 g silver nitrate (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle and capping the bottle and mixing at room temperature in a shaker overnight. Approximately 6 grams of this silver nitrate solution (approximately 250 ⁇ g Ag/g) solution was coated on a 4-inch x 4-inch piece of 100% cotton non-woven from Suntec Union, Japan (Nissinbo, AN20601050 60 gsm, containing less than 50 ppm chloride) by transferring the solution by pipette to saturate the mesh that was contained in a polystyrene dish.
  • Chroma Meter (CR-300, manufactured by Konica Minolta Photo Imaging U.S.A., Inc., Mahwah, NJ). The results are shown in Table II- 1.
  • Total silver content measurements were also conducted in duplicate on coated sample that were kept in foil.
  • samples were first digested using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (See EPA Method 6010), and then total silver was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES; Varian, Vista-Pro, AX). The average silver content was 1700 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • Silver metal analysis was performed by first extracting a sample overnight with a 2.8% (w/w) ammonium carbonate solution at room temperature. The leachate was then discarded, and the samples were digested and silver content determined as above. For a sample that was kept in the foil, the silver metal content of the sample was 120 mg/kg sample.
  • Example II-4 Samples were prepared in same way as Example II- 1, except the silver nitrate solution was prepared by placing 0.316 g silver nitrate and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle. This resulting silver nitrate solution was approximately 1000 ⁇ g Ag/g. The color of the samples was off-white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table II-4.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1320 grams of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 4.46 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1626 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 5.21 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 6950 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 350 mg/kg sample.
  • Example II-5 Samples were prepared in same way as Example II- 1, except the drying temperature was 130 0 C. The color of the samples was cream (light yellow). The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table II-5.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1341 grams of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.49 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1280 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 1.06 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 2000 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 160 mg/kg sample.
  • Example II-6 Samples were prepared in same way as Example II-4, except the drying temperature was 130 0 C. The color of the samples was light yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table II-6.
  • Example II-7 Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1376 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 4.28 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1462 gram sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 5.18 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 7650 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 530 mg/kg sample. Example II-7
  • Example II-7 Samples were prepared in same way as Example II- 1, except the drying temperature was 155°C. The color of the samples was yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table II-7.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1426 grams of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.31 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1307 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 0.95 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 1850 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 250 mg/kg sample.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1.
  • An amount of 0.1366 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 2.49 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate.
  • a 0.1351 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 4.97 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate.
  • the average total silver content was 6900 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • the silver metal content was 900 mg/kg sample.
  • Example II-9 Samples were prepared in same way as Example II-8, except the silver nitrate solution was prepared by placing 0.632 g silver nitrate and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle. This resulting silver nitrate solution was approximately 2000 ⁇ g Ag/g. The color of the samples was golden yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table II-9.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1.
  • An amount of 0.1308 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 9.2 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate.
  • a 0.1431 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 10.8 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate.
  • the average total silver content was 16,000 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • the silver metal content was 1400 mg/kg sample.
  • Example II-8 Samples were prepared in same way as Example II-8, except the silver solution was silver benzoate (Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA), which was prepared by placing 0.230 g silver benzoate and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle. This resulting silver benzoate solution was approximately 500 ⁇ g Ag/g. The color of the samples was yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-10.
  • silver benzoate Alfa Aesar; Ward Hill, MA
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1.
  • An amount of 0.1341 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.22 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate.
  • a 0.1323 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 0.71 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate.
  • the average total silver content was 3350 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • Example 11-10 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-10, except the silver solution was silver benzoate and this solution was prepared by placing 0.459 g silver benzoate and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle. This resulting silver benzoate solution was approximately 1000 ⁇ g Ag/g. The color of the samples was yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-11.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-11, except the substrate was a non-woven of 100% TENCEL fibers (SX- 152, white, 65 gsm, 24 mesh, from Green Bay Nonwovens, Inc. in Green Bay, WI) that contained less than 40 ppm chloride.
  • the color of the samples was golden brown.
  • the results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-12.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1662 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 1.61 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1524 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 2.34 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 7650 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1476 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.44 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1550 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 0.88 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 6900 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 1200 mg/kg sample.
  • Example 11-10 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-10, except the silver solution was comprised of 0.127 g of silver carbonate (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA), 0.48 g of ammonium carbonate (Mallinckroft Baker, Inc.; Phillipsburg, NJ), and 100 g distilled water. The color of the coated cotton samples was golden yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-14. Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1386 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.44 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate.
  • Example 11-10 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-10, except the silver solution was silver acetate and this solution was prepared by placing 0.309 g silver acetate (Matheson, Coleman, and Bell; Norwood, OH) and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle, and the drying temperature was 170 0 C. This resulting silver acetate solution was approximately 1000 ⁇ g Ag/g. The color of the samples was yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-15.
  • Silver ion release measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1525 g of the sample that was exposed to light for at least 14 days at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.71 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1528 g sample that was kept foil for during the experiment released 0.69 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate.
  • Example II- 16 Samples were prepared in same way as Example II- 1, except the silver nitrate solution was prepared by placing 0.632 g silver nitrate and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle. This resulting silver nitrate solution was approximately 2000 ⁇ g Ag/g. The color of the samples was off-white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table II- 16.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1516 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 10.6 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1368 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 12.4 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 14000 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 800 mg/kg sample.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example II- 1, except the silver nitrate solution was prepared by placing 1.261 g silver nitrate and 200 g distilled water in a glass bottle. This resulting silver nitrate solution was approximately 4000 micrograms ( ⁇ g) Ag per gram (g). The color of the samples was initially off-white and developed gray areas (splotchy) upon exposure to light. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-17.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1.
  • the average total silver content was 28,500 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • the silver metal content was 1400 mg/kg sample.
  • Example 11-16 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-16, except the drying temperature was 130 0 C. The color of the samples was light yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-18.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1.
  • An amount of 0.1423 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 14.81 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate.
  • a 0.1411 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 10.36 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate.
  • the average total silver content was 13,000 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • the silver metal content was 970 mg/kg sample.
  • Example 11-17 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-17, except the drying temperature was 130 0 C.
  • the color of the samples was non-uniform in that it was light yellow that contained irregular areas of gray/black giving it a slightly mottled appearance.
  • the results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-19.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1176 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 35.25 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1313 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 24.93 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 28,000 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 1500 mg/kg sample.
  • Example 11-19 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-19, except the drying temperature was 155°C.
  • the color of the samples was non-uniform in that it was a darker golden yellow on one side by comparison to the other side.
  • the lighter side was tested for color and those results are shown in Table 11-20.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1358 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 26.32 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1395 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 18.21 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 27,500 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 3100 mg/kg sample.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1.
  • An amount of 0.1405 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.10 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate.
  • a 0.1371 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 0.52 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate.
  • the average total silver content was 1850 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • the silver metal content was 450 mg/kg sample.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1364 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.80 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1340 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 1.88 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 16000 mg Ag/kg sample. The silver metal content was 2700 mg/kg sample.
  • Example 11-17 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-17, except the drying temperature was 180 0 C. The color of the samples was dark brown with black portions giving it the appearance of a burnt brown color. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-23.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1.
  • An amount of 0.1443 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 1.50 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate.
  • a 0.1496 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 3.30 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate.
  • the average total silver content was 27500 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • the silver metal content was 7500 mg/kg sample.
  • Example 11-10 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-10, except the drying temperature was 130 0 C. The color of the samples was light yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-24.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1385 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 0.84 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1286 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 1.93 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 3750 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • Example II- 11 Samples were prepared in same way as Example II- 11 , except the drying temperature was 130 0 C. The color of the samples was yellow tan. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-25.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1377 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 3.14 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1540 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 4.01 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 6850 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example II-8, except the substrate was a non-woven of 100% TENCEL fibers (SX- 152, white, 65 gsm, 24 mesh, from Green Bay Nonwovens, Inc. in Green Bay, WI) that contained less than 40 ppm chloride.
  • the color of the samples was golden yellow. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-26.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1.
  • An amount of 0.1902 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hr at approximately 20% relative humidity released 2.19 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate.
  • a 0.1931 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 2.87 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate.
  • the average total silver content was 7350 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example II-8, except the substrate was a non-woven of 70% LYOCELL fibers/30% PET (SX-156, white, 50 gsm, FT-10 apertured, from Ahlstrom Green Bay, Inc. in Green Bay, WI) that contained less than 40 ppm chloride.
  • the color of the samples was golden yellow.
  • the results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-27.
  • Silver ion release and total silver content measurements were conducted as described in Example II- 1. An amount of 0.1608 g of the sample that was exposed to light for 168 hours (hr) at approximately 20% relative humidity released 2.99 mg silver ion per gram of sample within 30 minutes of placing the sample in 98 grams distilled water and 2.96 grams of 5M sodium nitrate. By comparison, a 0.1515 g sample that was kept in foil during the 168 hours released 6.53 mg of silver ion per gram of sample into 98 grams of distilled water and 2.96 grams of sodium nitrate. The average total silver content was 8450 mg Ag/kg sample.
  • Example 11-29 (Comparative) Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-11, except the drying temperature was 8O 0 C. The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-29.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-28, except the substrate was a non-woven of 70% Viscose/30% PET fibers (507030RPET Pl, white, 50 gsm, from FA- MA JERSEY S.p.A. of Italy). The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-30.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-29, except the substrate was a non-woven of 70% Viscose/30% PET fibers (507030RPET Pl, white, 50 gsm, from FA- MA JERSEY S.p.A. of Italy). The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table II-31.
  • Example 11-27 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-27, except the drying temperature was 8O 0 C. The initial color of the samples was off white. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-32.
  • Example 11-31 Samples were prepared in same way as Example 11-31, except the drying temperature was 155 0 C. The initial color of the samples was golden brown. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-34.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example II-8, except the substrate was woven nylon fibers (SR-823-32x28, 60 gsm, from American Fiber and Finishing in Albemarle, NC). The initial color of the samples was brown. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-35.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example II- 11 , except the substrate was woven nylon fibers (SR-823-32x28, 60 gsm, from American Fiber and Finishing in Albemarle, NC). The initial color of the samples was brown. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-36.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example II-8, except the substrate was a membrane filter comprised of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate (0.22 ⁇ M filters, GSWP 047 00, available from Millipore in Billerica, MA). The initial color of the samples was light brown. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table 11-37.
  • Samples were prepared in same way as Example II- 11 , except the substrate was a membrane filter comprised of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate (0.22 ⁇ M filters, GSWP 047 00, available from Millipore in Billerica, MA). The initial color of the samples was light brown. The results from color monitoring experiments are shown in Table II-38.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des articles antimicrobiens et des procédés de fabrication de tels articles.
EP07868453A 2006-10-18 2007-10-16 Articles antimicrobiens et procédé de fabrication Withdrawn EP2081581A2 (fr)

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US7745509B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2010-06-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymer compositions with bioactive agent, medical articles, and methods
US20070166399A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Silver-containing antimicrobial articles and methods of manufacture
WO2010060094A1 (fr) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Acrymed, Inc. Constructions stratifiées antimicrobiennes
JP2012246228A (ja) * 2011-05-25 2012-12-13 Atect Corp レジオネラ菌抗菌剤
US20140171890A1 (en) * 2011-08-10 2014-06-19 R&T Fabric, Llc Antimicrobial Fabric and Method of Bactericidal Activation
EP2747572A4 (fr) * 2011-08-22 2015-04-29 Innovotech Inc Famille de composés de periodate d'argent (i) dotés de vastes propriétés antimicrobiennes
US9386772B2 (en) * 2012-02-14 2016-07-12 Allegiance Corporation Antimicrobial elastomeric articles
CN105062116A (zh) * 2015-07-27 2015-11-18 苏州天健竹业科技有限公司 瑜伽垫表层竹纤维复合材料及其制备方法
CN106751750A (zh) * 2016-11-21 2017-05-31 郑州源冉生物技术有限公司 一种鞋子用复合材料及其制备方法
JP2019199518A (ja) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-21 日本製紙株式会社 金属イオン含有セルロース繊維
WO2020094700A1 (fr) * 2018-11-07 2020-05-14 Universidade De Santiago De Compostela Composites polymères stables
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