EP2081258B1 - Subreflektor einer Doppelreflektorantenne - Google Patents

Subreflektor einer Doppelreflektorantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2081258B1
EP2081258B1 EP09150680A EP09150680A EP2081258B1 EP 2081258 B1 EP2081258 B1 EP 2081258B1 EP 09150680 A EP09150680 A EP 09150680A EP 09150680 A EP09150680 A EP 09150680A EP 2081258 B1 EP2081258 B1 EP 2081258B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
antenna
axis
secondary reflector
primary
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP09150680A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2081258A1 (de
Inventor
Denis Tuau
Armel Le Bayon
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Publication of EP2081258A1 publication Critical patent/EP2081258A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/193—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface with feed supported subreflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q15/142—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/134—Rear-feeds; Splash plate feeds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to Radio Frequency (RF) antennas with dual reflectors.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • These antennas generally comprise a large-diameter concave primary reflector having a surface of revolution, and a convex smaller-diameter secondary reflector ("sub-reflector") located near the focus of the primary reflector.
  • sub-reflector convex smaller-diameter secondary reflector located near the focus of the primary reflector.
  • These antennas operate indifferently in transmitter mode or in receiver mode, corresponding to two opposite directions of RF wave propagation.
  • the description is given either in transmission mode or in reception mode of the antenna, according to which allows to better illustrate the described phenomena. It should be noted that all the reasonings apply to the antennas as well in reception as in emission.
  • the first antennas had only one reflector, most often parabolic.
  • the end of the radiofrequency waveguide is at the focus of the reflector.
  • the waveguide is inserted into an orifice on the axis of the reflector, and its end is bent 180 ° to face the reflector.
  • the maximum half-angle of radiation at the folded end of the waveguide to illuminate the reflector is small, of the order of 70 °.
  • the distance between the reflector and the end of the waveguide must be large enough to illuminate the entire surface of the reflector.
  • the F / D ratio is of the order of 0.36. In this report, F is the focal length of the reflector (distance between the top of the reflector and its focus) and D is the diameter of the reflector.
  • the value of the diameter D is determined by the central working frequency of the antenna.
  • dual reflector antennas are used, in particular those referred to as Cassegrain type.
  • the double reflectors comprise a concave primary reflector, frequently parabolic, and a convex secondary reflector having a much smaller diameter and placed in the vicinity of the focus on the same axis of revolution as the primary reflector.
  • a secondary reflector of dual reflector antenna is for example described in the document GB-973,583 .
  • the primary reflector is pierced at its top and the waveguide is inserted on the axis of the primary reflector. The end of the waveguide is no longer folded, but faces the secondary reflector. In transmission mode, the RF waves transmitted by the waveguide are reflected by the secondary reflector to the primary reflector.
  • secondary reflectors having a half-angle of illumination of the primary reflector much greater than 70 °.
  • an illumination half-angle of 105 ° can be used.
  • the secondary reflector can thus be axially very close to the primary reflector.
  • the secondary reflector may be located within the volume defined by the primary reflector which reduces the size of the antenna.
  • the F / D ratio used is often less than or equal to 0.25.
  • These antenna are said to deep reflector ("deep reflector" in English).
  • An F / D ratio of the order of 0.25 corresponds, for the same value of the working center frequency D, to a shorter focal length than in the case where the F / D ratio is close to 0.36.
  • the size of a double reflector antenna can therefore be smaller than that of a single reflector antenna by eliminating the absorbing screen which is no longer essential.
  • the dual reflector antennas are well suited to the production of compact antennas, for example by using double reflectors whose F / D ratio is close to 0.2, it may be preferable to use F / D values other than to optimize also other characteristics that congestion, such as the radiation pattern of the antenna for example.
  • the secondary reflector In a dual reflector antenna, the secondary reflector must be maintained in the vicinity of the focus of the primary reflector.
  • the secondary reflector usually comprises a dielectric body (frequently plastic) of generally conical shape and transparent to RF waves.
  • the substantially conical outer surface of the secondary reflector faces the primary reflector.
  • the convex inner surface of the secondary reflector is coated with a treatment to reflect the RF waves towards the primary reflector through the dielectric body. This coating is most often metal.
  • annular reliefs on the outer surface of the dielectric body reduces the multiple reflections of RF waves that occur between the waveguide and the primary reflector via the metallized inner surface of the secondary reflector.
  • these reliefs have a lesser effect on two other important characteristics of the double reflector: the antenna gain, expressed in dBi or isotropic decibel, and the spillover losses, expressed in dB.
  • the overflow losses correspond to the energy reflected by the secondary reflector towards the primary reflector, and whose path ends beyond the outer diameter of the primary reflector. These losses lead to pollution of the environment by RF waves. These overflow losses should be limited to levels defined by standards.
  • a conventional solution is to attach to the periphery of the primary reflector a skirt which has the shape of a cylinder, of diameter close to that of the primary reflector and of suitable height, lined internally with a layer absorbing RF radiation.
  • this known solution has the inconvenient today inconvenient cost of the material of the skirt, as well as the cost of assembling this skirt on the primary reflector.
  • the present invention aims to provide a dual reflector antenna whose losses overflow are significantly reduced.
  • the invention consists in proposing a secondary reflector whose outer surface has a profile according to a particular curve.
  • the secondary reflector is a volume of axial symmetry having a surface whose generator is a curve described by a polynomial equation of degree 6. Numerical optimizations make it possible to adapt the coefficients of this polynomial equation of degree 6 according to the type of double reflector used. and the possible presence of a skirt.
  • the outer surface of the secondary reflector further comprises a single ring-shaped relief surrounding the dielectric body.
  • the section of this relief may be a portion of a disk or a parallelogram (square or rectangle for example).
  • the relief has a rectangular section.
  • the relief is projected in a direction perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the secondary reflector.
  • This unique raised ring is placed on the outer surface of the secondary reflector to reduce the multiple reflections of the RF wave. At the same time, a reduction in overflow losses and multiple reflections of the RF waves is achieved simultaneously.
  • the relief is disposed on the half of the outer surface closest to the second end.
  • the present invention makes it possible to dispense with the skirt, or at least to reduce the height of the skirt of the primary reflector, which provides a cost and space advantage.
  • the improvement afforded by the invention makes it possible to use a skirt of low height which can be made in one piece with the primary reflector, that is to say that a single mechanical part having a reflector is produced in the central part and a skirt in the peripheral part.
  • This entails an additional cost reduction compared to the conventional solution of a skirt attached to a primary reflector by any known method such as welding, screwing, etc. This saves the cost of assembly.
  • the invention can be used in applications such as, for example, the production of terrestrial antennas for receiving a radiofrequency signal emitted by a satellite or the link between two terrestrial antennas, and more generally in any application concerning radiofrequency links.
  • point-to-point in the frequency band from 7 GHz to 40 GHz.
  • the typical central frequencies of operation of these systems are 7.1 GHz, 8.5 GHz, 10 GHz, etc.
  • the bandwidth around each frequency is in general of the order of 5% to 20%.
  • Each central frequency corresponds to a suitable secondary reflector diameter: the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and the smaller the diameter of the secondary reflector.
  • the amplitude in dBi of the radiation V in the vertical plane and the radiation H in the horizontal plane respectively of the secondary reflector are given on the ordinate, and on the abscissa the half-angle of illumination ⁇ in degrees.
  • the radiation T of the primary reflector is expressed in dB on the ordinate and on the abscissa the half-angle ⁇ expressed in degrees.
  • the T radiation of the primary reflector is normalized to 0 dB for a half-angle ⁇ equal to zero degrees.
  • an RF antenna is shown according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • This antenna comprises an assembly consisting of a concave primary reflector 1 and a secondary reflector 2 , as well as a waveguide 3 also serving as a mechanical support for the secondary reflector 2 .
  • the set has a symmetry of revolution around the axis 4 .
  • the primary reflector 1 may be metal reflective surface, for example aluminum.
  • the waveguide 3 may be, for example, a metal hollow tube, also of aluminum, of circular section having an outside diameter of 26 mm or 3.6 mm for transmission / reception frequencies of 7 GHz and 60 GHz, respectively.
  • the waveguide could have a different section, rectangular or square, for example.
  • the focal point 5 (also called the phase center) is represented on the axis of revolution 4 , and the focal length F 6 which separates the focus from the top of the primary reflector 1 .
  • the primary reflector 1 is for example a paraboloid of revolution about the axis 4 with a depth P 7 and a diameter D 8 .
  • the focal length F is for example 246 mm and the diameter D is 1230 mm (4 feet).
  • the limiting illumination angle 2 ⁇ p of the primary reflector is 210 °.
  • the figure 2 represents the secondary reflector 10 of an antenna according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the dielectric body 11 of the secondary reflector may be of a dielectric material such as plastic.
  • the inner surface 12 of the secondary reflector 10 may be a surface of revolution described by a polynomial equation around an axis of revolution 13 .
  • the inner surface 12 may be covered with a reflective metal, such as silver.
  • the outer surface 14 of the secondary reflector 10 is the surface placed opposite the primary reflector.
  • the outer surface 14 is a surface of revolution about the axis of revolution 13 .
  • y ax 6 + bx 5 + cx 4 + dx 3 + ex 2 + fx + g.
  • the shape of the inner surface of the secondary reflector influences the intensity and phase of the electromagnetic wave from the waveguide and received by the primary reflector.
  • the figure 3 represents the secondary reflector 20 of an antenna according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • a relief 21 forming a ring is formed on the outer surface 22 of the reflector 20 .
  • the outer surface 22 of the reflector 20 consists of three successive portions 22a , 21 , 22b .
  • the portions 22a and 22b each have a profile described by a portion of the sixth degree curve.
  • the parts 22a and 22b and the relief 21 have a symmetry of revolution about the axis of revolution 23.
  • overflow losses for the transmission mode of an RF antenna according to the first embodiment of the invention are explained on the figure 4 . These losses correspond to values of the illumination angle 2 ⁇ of the primary reflector by the secondary reflector for which the RF waves coming from the waveguide 3 are reflected by the secondary reflector 2 in a direction which is outside the perimeter of the primary reflector 1 .
  • This figure shows the illumination half-angle ⁇ (theta) 30 and the half-angle ⁇ (beta) 31 , which is the half-angle complementary to the half-angle 0.
  • the two half-angles 0 and ⁇ are measured by relative to the axis of revolution 4 of the secondary reflector 2 , and they have the focal point 5 of the primary reflector 1.
  • the overflow losses are therefore due to all the rays 33 reflected by the secondary reflector 2 within the angular range 34 .
  • the angular range 34 is defined by two radii 35 , coming from the focus 5 and symmetrical with respect to the axis of revolution 4 , which are tangent to the edges of the primary reflector 1 .
  • the figure 5 represents an axial sectional view of an RF antenna according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the primary reflector 50 is provided with a skirt 51 in order to limit the losses by overflow.
  • the skirt 51 is a screen covered with a material 52 absorbing RF waves.
  • the skirt 51 is made of aluminum and the absorbent layer 52 consists of a foam loaded with carbon oxides.
  • the skirt 51 is of less height than the skirts used in the prior art, because the overflow losses are significantly reduced by the use of a secondary reflector 53 provided with an external surface 54 having a profile according to a curve described by a polynomial equation of the sixth degree.
  • the parameters of the sixth-degree equation describing the profile of the outer surface 54 can be optimized. This optimization makes it possible to reduce the height of the skirt 51 to allow the production of a single piece of the primary reflector 50 and the skirt 51 , as shown in FIG. figure 5 .
  • the skirt 51 thus constitutes an extension of the primary reflector 50 . This can be achieved for example by stamping a single aluminum plate so as to define successively or simultaneously the shape, preferably paraboloid of revolution, of the primary reflector 50 and the shape, preferably cylindrical, of the skirt 51 .
  • the figure 6 represents an exemplary profile 60 of the outer surface of the secondary reflector according to a particular embodiment of the invention, which was obtained by digitizing the level of overflow losses.
  • the reference (X, Y) originates from a point of the axis of revolution 13 located at the second end of the secondary reflector 10.
  • the X axis is aligned on the axis of revolution 13 and the Y axis has a direction perpendicular to the axis of revolution 13 . Distances are expressed in centimeters.
  • the numerical values given here for the parameters a, b, c, d, e, f, g of the sixth degree equation depend on the numerical values chosen for the focal length F, the depth P and the diameter D of the primary reflector. as well as the level of overflow losses that we allow our. If we change these numerical values, we can find another set of values for the parameters a, b, c, d, e, t, g to minimize overflow losses. Thus the parameters a, b, c, d, e, f, g of the sixth degree equation can take different values.
  • the radiation pattern is represented by the amplitude of the radiation V expressed as a function of the illumination half-angle ⁇ . This radiation pattern is relative to the antenna in transmission mode.
  • the best antenna design is that which makes it possible to obtain a radiation, or emitted electric field, as small as possible for the illumination half-angle values ⁇ greater than the limit value ⁇ p represented here by the vertical line 73 .
  • the vertical line 73 represents the value ⁇ p of the half-angle ⁇ which tangents the outer edge of the primary reflector as shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the rays are reflected in the angular range 34 and participate in overflow losses.
  • the curve 71 associated with the first embodiment according to the invention, shows a lower radiation for values of the angle ⁇ greater than the value ⁇ p that the radiation given by the curve 70 associated with a profile of the prior art.
  • the curve 72 associated with a second embodiment according to the invention further improves the result obtained with the curve 71 .
  • the vertical line 83 represents the value ⁇ p of the half-angle ⁇ which tangents the outer edge of the primary reflector as shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the best antenna design is that which makes it possible to obtain the lowest radiation for the half-angles 0, greater than the value ⁇ p , situated to the right of the vertical line 83 . It is observed that the curve 81 associated with the first embodiment according to the invention shows radiation values lower than the values given by the curve 80 associated with a profile of the prior art. Curve 82 associated with a second embodiment according to the invention further improves the result obtained with curve 81 .
  • the figure 9 shows the radiation pattern of the primary reflector as a function of the half-angle ⁇ of a double-reflector antenna according to the prior art.
  • the power levels reflected in the vertical and horizontal planes of the antenna as a function of the half-angle ⁇ are represented on the ordinate.
  • the curve 90 corresponds to the power reflected in the vertical plane
  • the curve 91 corresponds to the power reflected in the horizontal plane.
  • a broken line 92 indicates for each value of the half-angle ⁇ the reflectivity limits allowed by the ETSI standard R1C3 Co.
  • the difference 93 between the value of the radiation of the primary reflector and the limit value imposed by the standard is here of the order of 5 dB.
  • the figure 10 relates to a dual reflector antenna using a secondary reflector according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the outer surface of the antenna has a profile described by a polynomial equation of the sixth degree.
  • the reflected power levels in the vertical and horizontal planes of the antenna are represented as a function of the half-angle ⁇ .
  • the curve 100 corresponds to the power reflected in the vertical plane and the curve 101 corresponds to the power reflected in the horizontal plane.
  • a broken line 102 indicates, for each value of the half-angle ⁇ the reflectivity limits authorized by the ETSI R1C3 Co. standard.
  • the difference 103 is here of the order of 7 dB, increasing with respect to the difference of 5 dB obtained for an antenna of the prior art.
  • the figure 11 relates to a double reflector antenna using a secondary reflector according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the outer surface of the secondary reflector has a profile described by a polynomial equation of the sixth degree on which has been added an annular relief.
  • the reflected power levels in the vertical and horizontal planes of the antenna are represented as a function of the half-angle ⁇ .
  • the curve 110 corresponds to the power reflected in the vertical plane and the curve 111 corresponds to the power reflected in the horizontal plane.
  • a broken line 112 indicates, for each value of the half-angle ⁇ the reflectivity limits allowed by the ETSI R1C3 Co. standard.
  • the difference 113 is of the order of 9 dB, much higher than the 93 dB difference of 5 dB obtained for a prior art antenna and improved with respect to the difference 103 of 7 dB obtained according to the first embodiment of FIG. embodiment of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Sekundärreflektor einer Antenne mit zwei Reflektoren, umfassend:
    - Ein erstes Ende mit einem einen ersten Durchmesser aufweisenden Übergang, welcher für das Ankoppeln an das Ende eines Wellenleiters (3) geeignet ist,
    - ein zweites Ende eines zweiten Durchmessers, welcher größer als der erste Durchmesser ist,
    - eine konvexe reflektierende Innenfläche (12), welche am zweiten Ende angeordnet ist und eine Rotationsachse (13) aufweist,
    - eine Außenfläche (14) mit einer selben Achse (13), welche die beiden Enden miteinander verbindet,
    - einen dielektrischen Körper (11), welcher sich zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Ende erstreckt und von der Innenfläche (12) und der Außenfläche (14) begrenzt ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Außenfläche (14) ein konvexes Profil aufweist, welches anhand einer Polynomialgleichung sechsten Grades der Form y = ax6 + bx5 + cx4 + dx3 + ex2 + fx + g, wobei a nicht Null ist und wobei X die mit der Rotationsachse (13) gleich verlaufende Achse und Y die in senkrechter Richtung zur Rotationsachse (13) verlaufende Achse ist, beschrieben wird.
  2. Sekundärreflektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Außenfläche (22) weiterhin ein einzelnes Relief (21) in der Form eines Rings, welcher den dielektrischen Körper (11) umgibt, aufweist.
  3. Sekundärreflektor nach Anspruch 2, wobei sich das Relief (21) in einer senkrechten Richtung über der besagten Rotationsachse (23) erstreckt.
  4. Antenne mit zwei Reflektoren, umfassend einen Sekundärreflektor (2, 10) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, welcher mit einem Primärreflektor (1) assoziiert ist, dadurch gekennezeichnet, dass die Außenfläche (14) des Sekundärreflektors (2, 10) so nahe wie möglich an dem Primärreflektor (1) angeordnet ist und ein anhand einer Polynomialgleichung sechsten Grades der Form y = ax6 + bx5 + cx4 + dx3 + ex2 + fx + g, wobei a nicht Null ist, beschrieben wird.
  5. Antenne mit zwei Reflektoren nach Anspruch 4, umfassend einen Primärreflektor (50) mit einer Manschette, wobei die Manschette (51) und der Primärreflektor (50) aus einem Stück gefertigt sind.
EP09150680A 2008-01-18 2009-01-15 Subreflektor einer Doppelreflektorantenne Not-in-force EP2081258B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0850301A FR2926680B1 (fr) 2008-01-18 2008-01-18 Reflecteur-secondaire d'une antenne a double reflecteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2081258A1 EP2081258A1 (de) 2009-07-22
EP2081258B1 true EP2081258B1 (de) 2011-05-04

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EP09150680A Not-in-force EP2081258B1 (de) 2008-01-18 2009-01-15 Subreflektor einer Doppelreflektorantenne

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US (1) US8102324B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2081258B1 (de)
JP (2) JP5679820B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101468889B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101488606B (de)
AT (1) ATE508495T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602009001193D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2926680B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2009090195A1 (de)

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FR2926680B1 (fr) 2010-02-12
JP2014112909A (ja) 2014-06-19
WO2009090195A1 (en) 2009-07-23
DE602009001193D1 (de) 2011-06-16
US8102324B2 (en) 2012-01-24
EP2081258A1 (de) 2009-07-22
US20090184886A1 (en) 2009-07-23
FR2926680A1 (fr) 2009-07-24
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JP2011510550A (ja) 2011-03-31
ATE508495T1 (de) 2011-05-15

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