EP2057252A1 - Procédé de production de combustibles à partir de déchets - Google Patents

Procédé de production de combustibles à partir de déchets

Info

Publication number
EP2057252A1
EP2057252A1 EP07801883A EP07801883A EP2057252A1 EP 2057252 A1 EP2057252 A1 EP 2057252A1 EP 07801883 A EP07801883 A EP 07801883A EP 07801883 A EP07801883 A EP 07801883A EP 2057252 A1 EP2057252 A1 EP 2057252A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
synthesis gas
reaction
waste
temperature
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP07801883A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter H. KISS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermoselect AG
Original Assignee
Thermoselect AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermoselect AG filed Critical Thermoselect AG
Publication of EP2057252A1 publication Critical patent/EP2057252A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
    • C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/361—Briquettes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4081—Recycling aspects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process in which synthesis gas is first generated from waste and the synthesis gas is subsequently converted into hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrocarbons produced can be used as fuels.
  • the best known method for the alternative production of fuel is the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch process is one of Franz Fischer and his colleague Hans Tropsch in Mülheim an der Ruhr before 1925 developed large-scale process for the conversion of synthesis gas (CO / H 2 ) into liquid hydrocarbons. On a large scale, the process was applied from 1934 by Ruhrchemie AG. There is a build-up reaction of CO / H 2 mixtures of iron or cobalt catalysts to paraffins, olefins and alcohols.
  • Substantially linear hydrocarbon molecules The product mix has different chain lengths. Of particular interest for fuel production is the chain length range of C 5 -C 20 .
  • the chain length can be adjusted by catalyst selection (cobalt, iron, with promoters) and synthesis conditions (especially temperature, synthesis gas composition, pressure).
  • the primary Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products are then chemically processed in terms of high fuel yields and qualities (eg hydrocracking, isomerization, ie processes of petroleum processing).
  • the product Due to the peculiarity of the chemical synthesis mechanism to mainly low-branched hydrocarbon molecules, the product is mainly suitable as a high-quality diesel fuel with high cetane number and extremely low levels of sulfur and aromatics.
  • product mixtures with respect to different chain lengths of the hydrocarbons can be tailored in the
  • the Carbo-V ® process is a three-stage gasification process with the sub-processes:
  • the biomass (water content 15 - 20%) is continuously carbonated in the first process stage by partial oxidation (carbonization) with air or oxygen at temperatures between 400 and 500 0 C, ie in tar-containing gas (volatile constituents) and solid carbon (Biokoks ) decomposed.
  • the tar-containing gas is nachoxi- diert in a combustion chamber above the ash melting point of the fuel with air and / or oxygen under stoichiometric to hot gasification agent.
  • the biofuel ground to the fuel dust is injected into the hot gasification agent.
  • combustible dust and gasification agent in the gasification reactor react endothermically to synthesis crude gas. This can then be tion as fuel gas for electricity, steam and heat generation or as synthesis gas with the aid of the Fischer-Tropsch process for the production of SunDiesel.
  • Disadvantages of this method are that the gasification takes place in several stages and the biocok must be ground up. In addition, this method is not suitable for the gasification of waste of all kinds.
  • Waste and subsequent synthesis of fuels allowed, where possible, the entire waste can be used.
  • a method for the disposal and use of waste of all kinds, in which the waste is subjected to zone-wise temperature and thermal separation or conversion and the resulting solid residues are transferred to a high-temperature melt, the waste is compressed in batches to form compact packages and Temperature treatment zones, with at least one low-temperature zone and at least one high-temperature zone, in which synthesis gas is generated from the waste, go through in the direction of rising temperature, the synthesis gas generated passes through a gas-permeable bed and located above the bed stabilization zone for the synthesis gas and then is derived from the stabilizing zone, wherein the synthesis gas is reacted in a subsequent reaction to hydrocarbon molecules.
  • the reaction product is fuel, more preferably diesel fuel.
  • a significant advantage of the method is that now waste of all kinds, i. treated, untreated, pollutant and special waste as well as biowaste, without prior elaborate separation in the inventive method can be used.
  • Such a method is known in the art as Thermoselect method and is for example in European patents EP 1 187 891 Bl, EP 1 252 264 Bl, EP 1 377 358 Bl, EP 0 790 291 Bl or EP 0 726 307 Bl closer described. The full disclosure of these European patents is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the method provides that at least 70%, preferably 100% of the synthesis gas generated is used for the reaction to hydrocarbons.
  • the unused portion of synthesis gas is advantageously used to cover the energy consumption of the disposal process.
  • the gaseous, liquid and / or solid by-products resulting from the reaction of the synthesis gas with hydrocarbons are introduced into the high-temperature Returned to the synthesis gas production zone, so that the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis without additional waste, which would have to be disposed of subsequently, executable.
  • the by-products of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are used to meet the energy requirements of the disposal process.
  • the reaction is known in the art as the Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • the known in the art in the state of
  • the process is controlled such that the hydrocarbons have on average 5 to 20 carbon atoms and are as unbranched as possible.
  • the hydrocarbons have on average 5 to 20 carbon atoms and are as unbranched as possible.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis the synthesis of longer-chain hydrocarbons is generally possible;
  • longer-chain hydrocarbons eg paraffins, have too high a melting point to be used as a liquid fuel.
  • Hydrocarbons which have an average of 5 to 20 carbon atoms, however, are outstandingly suitable for use as a synthetic diesel fuel.
  • the synthesis gas obtained from the gasification process for the Fischer-Tropsch process has a relatively unfavorable volume ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen, it is also advantageous if, before the polymerization reaction, the volume ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen is shifted in favor of hydrogen in a shift reaction.
  • This shift reaction is also known to those skilled in the art; Reference is made to the optimized reaction conditions and catalysts used.
  • the volume ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen in the shift reaction is set to at least 1: 1.5, preferably at least 1: 2.
  • the process can be used for the synthesis of fuels, preferably for the synthesis of diesel fuels.
  • the process according to the invention is explained in more detail by means of a Thermoselect plant, which has two lines each with 15 t / h waste throughput, ie a total of 30 t / h waste throughput possible. This results in an average waste heat value of 12 MJ / kg Based on waste.
  • H 2 and 14% CO 2 by volume are obtained approximately 30,000 Nm 3 / h of synthesis gas of the composition of 38% by volume of CO, by volume of 38. 1
  • the fuel is produced according to the Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • a portion of the CO is converted to H 2 in a shift reaction.
  • the resulting CO 2 is separated.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'élimination et de mise en valeur de déchets de toutes sortes, selon lequel ces déchets sont comprimés en paquets compacts par charges successives puis traversent des zones de traitement thermique, d'où l'obtention d'un gaz de synthèse qui est transformé en molécules d'hydrocarbure lors d'une réaction suivante.
EP07801883A 2006-08-31 2007-08-24 Procédé de production de combustibles à partir de déchets Ceased EP2057252A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006040770A DE102006040770A1 (de) 2006-08-31 2006-08-31 Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Kraftstoffen aus Abfall
PCT/EP2007/007456 WO2008025493A1 (fr) 2006-08-31 2007-08-24 Procédé de production de combustibles à partir de déchets

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2057252A1 true EP2057252A1 (fr) 2009-05-13

Family

ID=38917672

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07801883A Ceased EP2057252A1 (fr) 2006-08-31 2007-08-24 Procédé de production de combustibles à partir de déchets

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US8198339B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2057252A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010501685A (fr)
CN (1) CN101506335A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0716221A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2661601C (fr)
DE (1) DE102006040770A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2459860C2 (fr)
UA (1) UA66411U (fr)
WO (1) WO2008025493A1 (fr)

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DE102008032957A1 (de) * 2008-07-12 2010-01-14 Dinano Ecotechnology Llc Verfahren zur Gewinnung von synthetischem Diesel
AT508614B1 (de) * 2009-07-23 2012-03-15 Wittkowsky Johannes Anlage zur verarbeitung von organischem substrat
CN102705832B (zh) * 2012-05-11 2013-07-10 袁永扬 无烟气排放的固体废弃物焚烧炉
WO2014168604A1 (fr) 2013-04-08 2014-10-16 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Système alimentateur hydraulique comportant un étage de compression avec circuit hydraulique multi-cylindre
US9458099B2 (en) 2013-07-25 2016-10-04 Thermoselect Aktiengesellschaft Method of manufacturing urea from refuse, preferably domestic waste, of any composition
CN104341322B (zh) * 2013-07-30 2016-08-24 热选择有限公司 由具有任何组成的废弃物，优选家庭废弃物，制备尿素的方法
RU2591075C1 (ru) * 2015-05-12 2016-07-10 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кузбасский государственный технический университет имени Т.Ф. Горбачева" (КузГТУ) Полигенерирующий энерготехнологический комплекс
KR20210056561A (ko) 2019-11-11 2021-05-20 주식회사 위드폼 건축물 슬래브 성형을 위한 거푸집의 서포트 및 그 서포트를 이용한 존치 유닛

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EP0790291B1 (fr) * 1996-02-16 2001-07-18 Thermoselect Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un réacteur à haute température pour le traitement de déchets
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0716221A2 (pt) 2013-10-15
US20100022667A1 (en) 2010-01-28
CN101506335A (zh) 2009-08-12
CA2661601C (fr) 2015-03-24
WO2008025493A1 (fr) 2008-03-06
US8198339B2 (en) 2012-06-12
JP2010501685A (ja) 2010-01-21
RU2459860C2 (ru) 2012-08-27
RU2009108731A (ru) 2010-10-10
UA66411U (ru) 2012-01-10
DE102006040770A1 (de) 2008-03-13
CA2661601A1 (fr) 2008-03-06

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