Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
  • C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D241/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having one or two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D241/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having one or two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with oxygen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
  • C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D407/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to piperazine compounds of the general formula I defined below and their use as herbicides.
• the invention also relates to crop protection agents and to a method of controlling undesired plant growth.
• the thaxtomines A and B produced by the plant pathogen S. scabies are natural products with a central piperazine 2,5- dione ring which carries a 4-nitro-indol-3-ylmethyl radical in the 3-position and a benzyl radical which may be substituted by OH in the 2-position. Because of their plant-damaging effect, the possibility of using this class of compounds as herbicides was also investigated (King R.R. et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. (2001) 49, 2298-2301).
• R is hydrogen or NO 2.
• R y is hydrogen or benzyl and R x is hydrogen, acetyl or Isopro- pyloxycarbonyl, as precursors for the preparation of Ecteinascidinen.
• WO 99/48889, WO 01/53290 and WO 2005/011699 describe 2,5-Diketopiperazinitatien which in the 3- or 6-position bound via a methylene or methine 4-imidazolyl radical and in the other 3- or 6- position have a benzyl or Benzylidenrest. These compounds are antitumor agents.
• An object of the present invention is to provide compounds having herbicidal activity.
• compounds are to be made available which have a high herbicidal action, in particular even at low application rates, and their compatibility with crop plants for commercial exploitation is sufficient.
• the present invention thus provides piperazine compounds of general formula I.
• R 1a which are independently of one another halogen, CN, NO 2, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy are selected, and wherein Z is a covalent bond or a CH 2 group;
• R 11 is hydrogen, C i -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 5 -C 6 -
• R 3 is hydrogen or halogen
• R 4 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyl or C 3 -C 4 -alkynyl
• R 6 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl;
• R 7, R 8 are independently hydrogen, OH, -C 4 alkoxy, CrC 4 -Haloalkyoxy, -C 4 alkyl or CrC stand 4 haloalkyl;
• R 9, R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO2, Ci-C 4 -alkyl, Ci-C 4 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy and Ci- C 4 - haloalkoxy; and the agriculturally suitable salts of these compounds.
• the present invention also provides the use of piperazine compounds of general formula I or the agriculturally useful salts of piperazine compounds of formula I as herbicides, i. for controlling harmful plants.
• the present invention also relates to compositions which contain at least one piperazine compound of the formula I or an agriculturally useful salt of I and auxiliaries customary for the formulation of crop protection agents.
• the present invention also relates to a method for controlling undesired plant growth, which comprises allowing a herbicidally effective amount of at least one piperazine compound of the formula I or an agriculturally useful salt of I to act on plants, their seeds and / or their habitat.
• the invention also relates to processes and intermediates for the preparation of compounds of the formula I.
• the compounds of the formula I have a chiral center on the carbon atom which carries the radical R 6 . In addition, depending on the substitution pattern, they may contain one or more other chiral centers.
• the compounds according to the invention can therefore be present as pure enantiomers or diastereomers or as mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers.
• the invention relates to both the pure enantiomers or diastereomers and mixtures thereof.
• the compounds of the formula I can be present as E-isomer or as Z-isomer with respect to the exocyclic double bond.
• the invention relates to both the pure E isomers and Z isomers and their mixtures.
• the compounds of the formula I can also be present in the form of their agriculturally useful salts, wherein the type of salt generally does not matter. In general, the salts of those cations or the acid addition salts of those acids come into consideration whose cations, or anions, do not adversely affect the herbicidal activity of the compounds I.
• ions of the alkali metals preferably lithium, sodium or potassium, the alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium or magnesium, and the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc or iron are suitable as cations.
• ammonium as the cation, where, if desired, one to four hydrogen atoms are represented by C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxyC 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-Ci-C 4 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl may be replaced, preferably ammonium, dimethylammonium, diisopropylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, 2- (2-hydroxyeth-1-oxy) eth-1-ylammonium, di (2-hydroxyeth -1-yl) ammonium
• Phosphonium ions sulfonium ions, preferably tri (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) sulfonium or sulfonoxonium ions, preferably tri (C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) sulfoxonium.
• Anions of useful acid addition salts are primarily chloride, bromide, fluoride, hydrogen sulfate, sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, nitrate,
• organic molecular moieties mentioned for the substituents of the compounds according to the invention are collective terms for individual listings of the individual group members.
• All hydrocarbon chains such as alkyl, halo (gen) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and the alkyl moieties and alkenyl moieties in alkoxy, halo (gen) alkoxy, Alkylamino, dialkylamino, N-alkylsulfonylamino, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkoxyamino, alkylaminosulfonylamino, dialkylaminosulfonylamino, alkenylamino, alkynylamino, N-
• (Alkenyl) -N- (alkyl) -amino, N- (alkynyl) -N- (alkyl) -amino, N- (alkoxy) -N- (alkyl) -amino, N- (alkenyl) -N- (alkoxy ) -amino or N- (alkynyl) -N- (alkoxy) -amino can be straight-chain or branched.
• halogenated substituents preferably carry one to five identical or different halogen atoms, in particular fluorine atoms or chlorine atoms.
• halogen in each case represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• Alkyl and the alkyl moieties for example, in alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, N-alkylsulfonylamino, alkylaminosulfonylamino, dialkylaminosulfonylamino, N- (alkenyl) -N- (alkyl) -amino, N- (alkynyl) -N- (alkyl) -amino, N- (Alkoxy) -N- (alkyl) -amino ,: saturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having one or more carbon atoms, for example 1 to 2, 1 to 4, or 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example Ci-C 6 -alkyl, such as Methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl, pentyl,
• Haloalkyl also referred to as haloalkyl: an alkyl radical as mentioned above, the hydrogen atoms of which are partially or completely substituted by halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and / or iodine, e.g.
• Cycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl moieties for example, in cycloalkoxy or cycloalkylcarbonyl: monocyclic, saturated hydrocarbon groups having three or more C atoms, e.g. 3 to 6 carbon ring members such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• Alkenyl and alkenyl moieties for example, in alkenylamino, alkenyloxy, N- (alkenyl) -N- (alkyl) -amino, N- (alkenyl) -N- (alkoxy) -amino: monounsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having two or more carbon atoms. Atoms, z. B.
• C2-C6 alkenyl such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl , 3-Butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4 Pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl , 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1, 1 Dimethyl 2-propenyl, 1, 2-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 1, 2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1, 2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1, 2-dimethyl-2-propeny
• Cycloalkenyl monocyclic, monounsaturated hydrocarbon groups having 5 to 6, preferably 5 to 6 carbon ring members, such as cyclopenten-1-yl, cyclopenten-3-yl, cyclohexen-1-yl, cyclohexen-3-yl, cyclohexen-4-yl.
• Alkynyl and alkynyl moieties for example, in alkynyloxy, alkynylamino, N- (alkynyl) -N- (alkyl) -amino or N- (alkynyl) -N- (alkoxy) -amino: straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon groups having two or more carbon atoms, eg , B. 2 to 4, 2 to 6, or 3 to 6 carbon atoms and a triple bond in any position, for.
• C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 1-methyl-3-butynyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, 1, 1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1-ethyl 2-propynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl, 1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl, 1-methyl-4-pentynyl, 2 Methyl 3-pentynyl, 2-methyl-4
• Alkoxy alkyl, as defined above, which is bonded via an oxygen atom: z.
• Aryl mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or phenanthrenyl, preferably phenyl or naphthyl.
• 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical a heterocyclic radical having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the heterocyclic radical is saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic.
• heterocyclic radicals are:
• N-linked, 5-membered, saturated rings such as: Tetrahydropy- ⁇ rol-1-yl, tetrahydropyrazol-1-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-2-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-2-yl, tetrahydroimidazol-1-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-3-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-3-yl;
• N-linked, 6-membered, saturated rings such as:
• C-linked, 6-membered, partially unsaturated rings such as: 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-3-yl, 2H- 3,4-Dihydropyran-2-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-4-yl, 2H-3.4- Dihydrothiopyran-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1, 2, 3,4-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1, 2,3,4-
• N-linked, 5-membered, partially unsaturated rings such as: 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-2-yl, 2, 3-Dihydroisoxazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazole-2-yl yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,3 Dihydrooxazol-3-yl, 2,3-dihydrothi
• N-linked, 6-membered, partially unsaturated rings such as: 1, 2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1, 2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1, 4-dihydro-pyridine-1 -yl, 1, 2-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-5.6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-3 , 6-Dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl , 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-2-yl, 1, 2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-1-yl, 1,2 ,
• Tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazine-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl, 2, 3-dihydro-1, 4-thiazine-4-yl, 2H-1, 2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-1,4-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-1, 4-thiazine-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrazine-1-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazine-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidine-1 - yl or 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-3-yl;
• C-linked, 6-membered, heteroaromatic rings such as: pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidine 4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrazine-2-yl, 1, 3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1, 2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1, 2,4-triazine-5 yl and 1,2,4-triazin-6-yl;
• N-linked, 5-membered, heteroaromatic rings such as:
• Tetrazol-1-yl and [2H] -tetrazol-2-yl may be substituted in the manner indicated.
• Alkenyloxy alkenyl as mentioned above, which is bonded via an oxygen atom;
• Alkynyloxy alkynyl as mentioned above, which is bonded via an oxygen atom;
• Alkylamino a group NHR, wherein R is alkyl as defined above;
• Alkoxyamino a group NH (OR) wherein R is alkyl as defined above; - Alkylsulfonylamino: a group NHS (O) 2R
• Alkylaminosulfonylamino a group NHS (O) 2NHR, wherein R is alkyl as defined above;
• [Dialkylamino] sulfonylamino a group NHS (O) 2 NR'R, wherein R and R 'are alkyl as defined above;
• Alkenylamino a group NHR in which R is alkenyl as defined above;
• Alkynylamino a group NHR wherein R is alkynyl as defined above;
• N- (alkynyl) -N- (alkyl) -amino a group NR'R, wherein R is alkynyl and R 'is alkyl as defined above;
• N- (alkoxy) -N- (alkyl) -amino a group NR'R, wherein R is alkyl and R 'is alkoxy as defined above;
• Alkoxy as defined above, stand.
• variables of the compounds of the formula I have the following meanings, these being considered both individually and in combination with one another in particular embodiments of the compounds of the formula I:
• R 1 in particular represents cyano, nitro or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radical as defined above, which is preferably either 1, 2, 3 or 4 nitrogen atoms or 1 oxygen or 1 sulfur atom and optionally 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms Having ring members and which is unsubstituted or may have 1 or 2 substituents selected from R 1a .
• R 1 is cyano or nitro.
• R 1 is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radical as defined above, which preferably has either 1, 2, 3 or 4 nitrogen atoms or 1 oxygen or 1 sulfur atom and optionally 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms as ring members and which is unsubstituted or may have 1 or 2 substituents selected from R 1a .
• preferred heteroaromatic radicals are pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl,
• R 1 is halogen, in particular chlorine or bromine.
• the radical R 2 is preferably hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, C 1 -C 2 -fluoroalkyl, ethenyl, C 1 -C 2 -alkoxy or C 1 -C 2 -fluoroalkoxy, in particular fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy , Ethenyl or trifluoromethoxy.
• R 2 particularly preferably represents hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine.
• R 2 is halogen, in particular chlorine or fluorine, which is arranged in the ortho position to the binding site of the phenyl ring.
• R 3 is halogen
• R 3 is hydrogen.
• R 4 is preferably methyl.
• R 5 is preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially methyl.
• R 6 is preferably C 1 -C 3 -alkyl or C 1 -C 2 -fluoroalkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or trifluoromethyl, and especially methyl or ethyl.
• radicals R 7 and R 8 are hydrogen.
• R 9 is a radical different from hydrogen
• R 9 is hydrogen.
• R 10 is preferably hydrogen.
• R 11 is preferably hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 9 have one of the meanings given above, in particular the meanings given as preferred.
• the radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 9 independently of one another, but preferably in combination, have the following meanings:
• R 1 is cyano or nitro
• R 2 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, ethenyl or C 1 -C 2 -alkoxy, in particular
• R 3 is fluorine or hydrogen
• R 4 is methyl
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially methyl
• R 6 is methyl or ethyl
• R 9 is hydrogen or halogen, in particular hydrogen or fluorine.
• the compounds of the formula I have a center of chirality on the carbon atom which carries the group R 6 .
• a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to the pure enantiomers of the formula given below in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 is one of the abovementioned Meanings, in particular one of the preferred or given as particularly preferred meanings, as well as enantiomeric mixtures having an enantiomeric excess with respect to the enantiomer of the formula IS.
• Enantiomeric excess preferably means an ee value (enantiomeric excess) of at least 70%, in particular at least 80% and especially at least 90%.
• ee value enantiomeric excess
• the agriculturally suitable salts of the enantiomers IS and enantiomeric mixtures of the salts having an enantiomeric excess with respect to the enantiomer of the formula IS are particularly preferred.
• Another, likewise preferred embodiment relates to the racemates of I and their salts.
• a particularly preferred embodiment relates to the pure enantiomers of the formula given below IS.a, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 9 is one of the meanings given above, in particular one of preferred or have particularly given meanings as well as enantiomeric mixtures which have an enantiomeric excess with respect to the enantiomer of the formula IS.a.
• R 1 is cyano or nitro
• R 2 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, ethenyl or C 1 -C 2 -alkoxy, in particular hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine;
• R 3 is fluorine or hydrogen
• R 4 is methyl
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, especially methyl
• R 6 is methyl or ethyl; and R 9 is hydrogen or halogen, in particular hydrogen or fluorine.
• Another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to the racemates of Ia and their salts.
• mixtures of the (E) -isomer with the (Z) -isomer in which the Z-isomer is present in excess in particular isomer mixtures having an E / Z ratio of not more than 1: 2, in particular not more than 1: 5th
• Examples of compounds which are preferred according to the invention are the compounds mentioned below and salts thereof: 2- [5-benzyl-1, 4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxopiperazin-2-ylidenemethyl] benzonitrile, 2- [5-benzyl- 1, 4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxopiperazin-2-ylidenemethyl] -3-fluorobenzonitrile,
• mixtures of the (E) -isomer with the (Z) -isomer in which the Z-isomer is present in excess in particular isomer mixtures having an E / Z ratio of not more than 1: 2, in particular not more than 1: 5th
• the carbon atom bearing R 6 has S configuration and enantiomeric mixtures having an enantiomeric excess with respect to the S enantiomer, especially those having an ee value (enantiomeric excess) of at least 70%, more preferably at least 80% and especially at least 90%.
• the racemates of these compounds and their salts are preferred.
• the compounds according to the invention can be prepared by standard methods of organic chemistry, for example a process (in the following process A) which comprises the following steps:
• R 1, R 2, R 3, R 7, R 8, R 9 and R 10 are as defined above, in particular have one of the preferred meanings mentioned, R 4a is hydrogen or a protecting group or one of the given for R 4 Has meanings and R 5a has one of the meanings given for R 5 or is a protective group;
• R 5a is hydrogen with an alkylating agent of the formula R 5 -X 1 or an acylating agent of the formula R 5 -X 2 , wherein R 5 has the meanings given above, hydrogen-different meanings and X 1 and X 2 are a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in the presence of a base;
• R 4a and / or R 5a when R 4a and / or R 5a is a protective group, removing the Schutzgrup- PE, and optionally reacting the resulting compound II, wherein R 4a and / or R 5a is hydrogen with an alkylating agent of the formula R 4 -X 1 , and / or R 5 -X 1 or an acylating agent R 5 -X 2 , wherein R 4 and R 5 have the meanings given above, other than hydrogen and X 1 and X 2 are a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in the presence a base.
• radical R 4a in formula II is hydrogen
• the radical R 4 is introduced by the alkylation step ii). If the radical R 4a in formula II is a protective group, this is first removed to obtain a compound in which R 4a is hydrogen, in which is introduced by the alkylation step ii) the radical R 4 .
• R 5a in formula II is hydrogen
• the radical R 5 can be introduced by an alkylation or acylation step iii). If R 4 and R 5 are identical, steps ii) and iii) can be carried out simultaneously or successively in any desired order. If the radicals R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are identical, it is possible to carry out step iv) simultaneously with or after the steps ii) and / or iii) or subsequently.
• the alkylation in step iv) and also the alkylation or acylation in steps ii) and iii) can be carried out in analogy to standard methods of alkylation or acylation, for example according to the methods described by I.O. Donkor et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 11 (19) (2001), 2647-2649, B.B. Snider et al., Tetrahedron 57 (16) (2001), 3301-3307, I. Yasuhiro et al., Heterocycles, 45, 1997, 1151, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 1983, 3214, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (47) (2002), 14017-14019, Chem. Commun. 1998, 659 or M. Falorni et al., Europ. J. Org. Chem. (8) (2000), 1669-1675.
• step iv) the piperazine compound of the formula II is reacted with a suitable alkylating agent, hereinafter compound XR 6 , to give a piperazine compound of the formula I (see, for example, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 1983, 3214). ,
• alkylating agents X XR 6 may be halogen, in particular chlorine, bromine or iodine or O-S ⁇ 2-R m
• R m has the meaning of -C 4 -alkyl or aryl, which are optionally substituted by halogen, -C 4 -alkyl or halo-Ci- C 4 alkyl are substituted mean.
• the reaction is usually carried out at temperatures in the range of -78 ° C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from -50 0 C to 65 ° C, particularly preferably from -30 0 C to 65 ° C.
• the reaction is carried out in a solvent, preferably in an inert organic solvent.
• Suitable solvents are aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane and mixtures of Cs-Cs alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform and chlorobenzene, ethers such as Diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran, nitriles such as acetonitrile and propinonitrile, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and tert-butyl methyl ketone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol , tert
• Preferred solvents are toluene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and mixtures thereof.
• the alkylation of compound II in step iv) is carried out with the alkylating agent R 6 -X in the presence of a base.
• Suitable bases are inorganic compounds such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, aqueous solution of ammonia, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides such as lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides such as lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and Calcium hydride, alkali metal amides such as lithium amide, for example lithium diisopropylamide, sodium amide and potassium amide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates such as lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate and calcium carbonate and alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, organometallic compounds, in particular alkali metal alkyls such as methyllithium, butyl lithium and phenyllithium, alkyl magnesium halides such as methyl magnesium chloride and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal such
• step ii) and iii) can be carried out in analogy to the methods given for step iv), e.g. according to the in Heterocycles, 45, 1997, 151, and Chem. Commun. 1998, 659 described methods.
• step v) the optional alkylation or acylation in step v) can be carried out.
• X 1 may be halogen or O-SO 2 -R m with R m meaning Ci-C 4 -AlkVl or aryl, which may be halogen, d- C 4 -AlkVl or halo-Ci-C 4 alkyl are substituted mean.
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently Ci-C 4 alkyl, C 3 -C 4 - kinyl alkenyl or C 3 -C 4 -alkyl.
• R 5 is a radical C (O) R 51 in which R 51 has the abovementioned meanings.
• X 2 is usually halogen, for example chlorine or a group 0-C (O) -R 51 .
• radicals R 4a and R 5a in formula II are a protective group, this protective group is removed in step v).
• the compound I * is then or become one or two new, different from hydrogen radical (s) R 4 or R 5 by alkylation or acylation in analogy to the steps ii) and iii) introduced.
• Suitable protecting groups for the nitrogen atoms of the piperazine ring are, in particular, the abovementioned radicals C (O) R 51 , for example the acetyl radical.
• the introduction of these protective groups can be carried out in analogy to known methods of protecting group chemistry, for example by reaction with anhydrides of the formula (R 51 C (O)) 2 ⁇ , for example according to the Green, Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. 1999, John Wiley and Sons, p. 553.
• the removal of a protecting group R 4a , R 5a can be carried out in analogy to known methods of protecting group chemistry.
• the preparation of the compounds II is generally carried out by dehydration of the corresponding alcohol IIa,
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4a , R 5a , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 have the abovementioned meanings, in particular one of the meanings mentioned as preferred.
• the alcohol function of compound IIa can first be converted into a suitable leaving group and then formally eliminated as compound H-LG.
• the elimination reaction occurs in the presence of a suitable base.
• the introduction of such a leaving group is carried out according to conventional methods, for example by reacting the alcohol IIa with a base and then with the corresponding sulfonic acid chloride, for example with methanesulfonyl chloride or trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride.
• Suitable bases are the bases listed below in the elimination. However, preference is given to using bases which are soluble in organic solvents, for example the amines or nitrogen heterocycles mentioned below.
• bases which are soluble in organic solvents for example the amines or nitrogen heterocycles mentioned below.
• pyridine or substituted pyridines such as dimethylaminopyridine, lutidine or collidine, or mixtures thereof.
• the organic bases are chosen so that they also function as solvents.
• the bases generally include inorganic compounds such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, aqueous solution of ammonia, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides such as lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides such as lithium hydride, Sodium hydride, potassium hydride and calcium hydride, alkali metal amides such as lithium amide, for example lithium diisopropylamide, sodium amide and potassium amide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates such as lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate and calcium carbonate and also alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, organometallic compounds, especially alkali metal alkyls such as methyllithium, butyllithium and phenyllithium, Alkylmagnesium halides such as methylmagnesium chloride and alkal
• tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropyl-ethylamine 2-hydroxypyridine and N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, substituted pyridines such as collidine, lutidine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine and bicyclic amines into consideration.
• a mixture of different bases can be used.
• bases which, while having sufficient basicity but substantially no nucleophilicity, e.g. sterically hindered alkali alcoholates, for example, alkali tert-butanolates such as potassium tert-butoxide, and especially cyclic amidines such as DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene) and DBN (1, 5 - diazabicyclo [3.4.0] non-5-ene). Preference is given to using the last-mentioned amidines.
• alkali tert-butanolates such as potassium tert-butoxide
• cyclic amidines such as DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
• DBN 1, 5 - diazabicyclo [3.4.0] non-5-ene
• Suitable inert organic solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform and chlorobenzene, ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran.
• nitrites such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and tert-butyl methyl ketone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, water and dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide and Morpholine and N-methylmorpholine. It is also possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to using tetrahydrofuran.
• compound II is prepared by dehydration of compound IIa in the presence of a suitable dehydrating agent.
• DEAD diethyl azodicarboxylate
• the combination of triphenylphosphine and DEAD is generally used for targeted inversion at a hydroxy-substituted chiral center (so-called Mitsunobu reaction); however, in the absence of nucleophiles, it acts as a mild dehydrating agent.
• the system is preferably used in excess with respect to the compound IIa, the two components triphenylphosphine and DEAD suitably being present in an approximately equimolar ratio to one another.
• the Burgess reagent is the zwitterion of methyl N- (triethylammonium sulfonylcarbamate ((C2H5) 3N + -S ⁇ 2-N "-COOCHs), a mild dehydrating agent which can be equimolar with respect to the alcohol II or in
• the reaction with the Burgess reagent is usually carried out in an inert organic solvent Suitable inert organic solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane , Dichloroethane, chloroform and chlorobenzene, ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran, nitriles, such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, and ketones, such
• dehydration of alcohols IIa using dehydrating agents can be carried out analogously to known processes of the prior art, for example analogously to those described in Synthesis 2003, 201 and J. Indian Sei. 2001, 81, 461, to which reference is hereby made in its entirety.
• the alcohols of the formula IIa can be prepared, for example, in analogy to processes known from the literature by cyclization of corresponding dipeptide precursors, for example in analogy to that described by T. Kawasaki et al., Org. Lett. 2 (19) (2000), 3027-3029, Igor L. Rodionov et al., Tetrahedron 58 (42) (2002), 8515-8523 or AL Johnson et al., Tetrahedron 60 (2004), 961-965 ,
• the alcohols of the formula IIa can also be prepared by coupling a benzaldehyde of the formula III with a piperazine compound IV in an aldol reaction, as shown in the following scheme:
• the reaction of III with IV in the sense of an aldol reaction is generally carried out in the presence of suitable bases.
• suitable bases are those which are commonly used in aldol reactions.
• Suitable reaction conditions are known in the art and described, for example, in J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65 (24), 8402-8405, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• the reaction of compound III with compound IV can also lead directly to the corresponding aldol condensation product, ie to compounds of formula II.
• the radicals R 4a and R 5a represent an acyl group, for example a group of the formula R 52 C (O) -, in which R 52 has one of the meanings given for R 51 and, in particular for Ci-C 4 -alkyl such as methyl.
• Such aldol condensations can be carried out analogously to those described in J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65 (24), 8402-8405, Synlett 2006, 677, J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1988, 25, 591, to which reference is hereby fully made.
• the aldol condensation is typically carried out in the presence of suitable bases.
• suitable bases are those which are commonly used in aldol condensations.
• an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate is used as the base, e.g. Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate or mixtures thereof.
• the reaction is carried out in an inert, preferably aprotic organic solvent.
• suitable solvents are, in particular, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran, nitriles, such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, and also dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethylacetamide , Preferred solvents are selected in particular from dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethylacetamide.
• the required for the aldol condensation temperatures are generally in the range from 0 0 C up to the boiling point of the solvent used, and in particular in the range of 10 to 80 0 C.
• the radicals R 4a and R 5a represent an acyl group, for example a group of the formula R 52 C (O) -.
• the removal of a protecting group R 4a , R 5a can be carried out in analogy to known methods of protecting group chemistry.
• the removal of the radicals R 4a and R 5a is generally carried out by hydrolysis, the radical R 4a often being split off already under the conditions of an aldol condensation.
• the radical R 4 and optionally the radical R 5 is then introduced according to the steps ii) and iii).
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 have the abovementioned meanings, in particular one of the meanings mentioned as preferred, R 4c is hydrogen or a protective group and R 5c is a has the meanings given for R 5 or is a protective group.
• Preferred protective groups are the abovementioned acyl groups of the formula R 52 C (O) -, in which R 52 has one of the meanings given for R 51 and, in particular, for C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, for example methyl.
• This compound I ' in which R 4c is hydrogen, is then reacted with an alkylating agent of the formula R 4 -X 1 , preferably in the presence of a base.
• R 5c is hydrogen
• the compound I ' is reacted with an alkylating agent of the formula R 5 -X 1 or an acylating agent of the formula R 5 -X 2 , preferably in the presence of a base.
• an alkylating agent of the formula R 5 -X 1 or an acylating agent of the formula R 5 -X 2 preferably in the presence of a base.
• the aldehyde III is either commercially available or can be synthesized according to known methods for the preparation of aldehydes.
• the compounds of the formula IV or IVa can be prepared by intramolecular cyclization of compounds of the general formula V or Va in analogy to other methods known from the literature, for example according to T. Kawasaki et al., Org. Lett. 2 (19) (2000), 3027-3029, Igor L. Rodionov et al., Tetrahedron 58 (42) (2002), 8515-8523 or AL Johnson et al., Tetrahedron 60 (2004), 961-965 ,
• R 4a , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 have the meanings given above.
• R 5b represents hydrogen, Ci-C 4 alkyl, C 3 -C 4 alkenyl or C 3 -C 4 -alkyl kinyl.
• R x is, for example, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl or phenyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, for example benzyl.
• the variables R 4c , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 have the meanings given above.
• R 5b represents hydrogen, Ci-C 4 alkyl, C 3 -C 4 alkenyl or C 3 -C 4 -alkyl kinyl.
• R x is, for example, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl or phenyl-d-ce-alkyl, for example benzyl.
• the cyclization of the compounds of formula V or Va can be carried out in the presence of a base.
• the reaction is then usually carried out at temperatures in the range of 0 0 C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from 10 0 C to 50 0 C, more preferably from 15 ° C to 35 ° C.
• the reaction can be carried out in a solvent, preferably in an inert organic solvent.
• Suitable inert organic solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane and mixtures of Cs-Cs-alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform and chlorobenzene, ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran, nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and tert-butyl methyl ketone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n- Butanol,
• Suitable bases are e.g. inorganic compounds such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, aqueous solution of ammonia, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides such as lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides such as lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and calcium hydride, Al alkali metal amides, such as lithium amide, for example lithium diisopropylamide, sodium amide and potassium amide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates, such as lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate and calcium carbonate, and also alkali metal bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate, organometallic compounds, in particular
• Alkali metal alkyls such as methyllithium, butyllithium and phenyllithium, alkylmagnesium halides such as methylmagnesium chloride and also alkali metal and alkaline earth metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethanolate, potassium ethanolate, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-pentoxide and dimethoxy magnesium, as well as organic bases, eg tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 2-hydroxypyridine and N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, substituted pyridines such as collidine, lutidine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine as well as bicyclic amines.
• alkylmagnesium halides such as methylmagnesium chloride and also alkali metal and alkaline earth metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethanolate, potassium ethanolate, potassium
• a mixture of different bases can be used.
• Particularly preferred are potassium tert-butoxide, 2-hydroxypyridine or an aqueous solution of ammonia or a mixture of these bases.
• the reaction is carried out in the presence of an aqueous solution of ammonia, which may for example be from 10 to 50 w / v%.
• the cyclization takes place in a mixture comprising n-butanol or a mixture of butanol isomers (for example a mixture of n-butanol with 2-butanol and / or isobutanol) and N-methyl-morpholine, preferably under reflux conditions.
• the cyclization of V or Va can also be carried out under acidic catalysis, in the presence of activating compounds or thermally.
• the reaction of V in the presence of an acid is usually effected at temperatures in the range of 10 0 C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from 50 0 C to the boiling point, particularly preferably at the boiling point under reflux.
• the reaction is carried out in a solvent, preferably in an inert organic solvent.
• Suitable solvents are, in principle, those which can also be used for the basic cyclization, in particular alcohols.
• the reaction is carried out in n-butanol or a mixture of different butanol isomers (e.g., a mixture of n-butanol with 2-butanol and / or isobutanol).
• Suitable acids for the cyclization of V or Va are in principle both Bronstedt and Lewis acids into consideration.
• inorganic acids e.g. Hydrohalic acids such as hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, inorganic oxo acids such as sulfuric acid and perchloric acid, furthermore inorganic Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, aluminum trichloride, ferric chloride, tin IV chloride, titanium (IV) chloride and zinc (II) chloride, and organic acids, for example carboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid and trifluoroacetic acid, as well as organic sulfonic acids such as toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid and the like, find use.
• a mixture of different acids can be used.
• the reaction is carried out in the presence of organic acids, for example in the presence of carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid or a mixture of these acids. Preferably, only one of these acids is used. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out in acetic acid.
• the acid cyclization takes place in a mixture comprising n-butanol or a mixture of butanol isomers (for example a mixture of n-butanol with 2-butanol and / or isobutanol), N-methyl-morpholine and acetic acid, preferably under reflux conditions ,
• reaction of V or Va is carried out by treatment with an activating agent in the presence of a base.
• R x stands for hydrogen.
• An example of a suitable activating agent is di (N-succinimidinyl) carbonate.
• Suitable activating agents are also polystyrene or non-polystyrene-bonded dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC), carbonyldiimidazole, chloroformate such as methyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, isopropyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate, sec-butyl chloroformate or allyl chloroformate, pivaloyl chloride, polyphosphoric acid, propanephosphonic anhydride , Bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) -phosphoryl chloride (BOPCI) or sulfonyl chlorides such as methanesulfonyl chloride, toluenesulfonyl chloride or benzenesulfonyl chloride.
• DCC
• Suitable bases are the compounds cited for the basic cyclization.
• the base used is triethylamine or N-ethyldiisopropylamine or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably N-ethyldiisopropylamine.
• the reaction of V or Va is carried out exclusively by heating the reaction mixture (thermal cyclization).
• the reaction is usually carried out at temperatures in the range of 10 ° C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from 50 ° C to
• Boiling point of the reaction mixture particularly preferably at the boiling point of the reaction mixture under reflux.
• the reaction is carried out in a solvent, preferably in an inert organic solvent.
• Suitable solvents are, in principle, those which are used in the basic cyclization.
• Preferred are polar aprotic solvents, e.g. Dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide or mixtures thereof.
• the reaction is carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide.
• R 4a and R 4c and / or R 5b is hydrogen in compound V or Va
• the piperazine nitrogens can subsequently be used to introduce the radicals R 4a or R 4c and / or R 5a or R 5c Reaction with an alkylating agent R 4a -X 1 , R 5a -X 1 , R 4c -X 1 or R 5c -X 1 alkylated or by reaction with an acylating agent R 4a -X 2 , R 5a -X 2 , R 4c -X 2 or R 5c -X 2 are provided with a protective group.
• R 4a , R 4c , R 5a , R 5c , X 1 and X 2 have the meanings given above.
• the compounds of formula V or Va in turn can be prepared according to the synthesis shown in the following scheme in analogy to literature methods, for example according to Wilford L. Mendelson et al., Int. J. Peptide & Protein Research 35 (3), (1990), 249-57, Glenn L. Stahl et al., J. Org. Chem. 43 (11), (1978), 2285-6. or AK Ghosh et al., Org. Lett. 3 (4), (2001), 635-638.
• the variables R x, R 4a, R 4c, R 5b, R 6, R 7, R 8, R 9 and R 10 have the meanings given for formula V.
• the synthesis comprises the coupling of glycine ester compounds of the formula VII with Boc-protected phenylalanine compounds VIII or Villa in the presence of an activating reagent.
• Boc another amino protecting group can also be used.
• the reaction of a compound of formula VII with a compound of formula VIII or Villa is usually carried out at temperatures in the range of -30 0 C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from 0 0 C to 50 0 C, particularly preferably from 20 0 C to 35 ° C.
• the reaction may be carried out in a solvent, preferably in an inert organic solvent.
• activating reagents are condensing agents, e.g. polystyrene- or non-polystyrene-bonded dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), 1-ethyl-3- (dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC), chloroformate such as methyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, isopropyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate, sec-butyl chloroformate or allyl chloroformate , Polyvinyl chloride, polyphosphoric acid, propanephosphonic anhydride, bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) -phosphoryl chloride (BOPCI) or sulfonyl chlorides such as methanesulfonyl chloride,
• DCC polystyrene- or non-polys
• the reaction of VII with VIII or Villa takes place in the presence of a base.
• Suitable bases are the cyclization of the dipeptide V to piperazine IV cited compounds.
• the base used is triethylamine or N-ethyldiisopropylamine or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably N-ethyldiisopropylamine.
• the deprotection of the compounds VI or VIa to compound V or Va can be carried out by customary processes, for example as described by Glenn L. Stahl et al., J. Org. Chem. 43 (11), (1978), 2285-6 , or AK Ghosh et al., Org. Lett. 3 (4), (2001), 635-638.
• Deprotection is typically by treatment with an acid.
• Suitable acids are both Brönstedt and Lewis acids, preferably organic carboxylic acids, for example formic acid, acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid or mixtures thereof.
• the reaction is carried out in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid.
• the reaction is usually carried out at temperatures in the range from -30 0 C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from 0 0 C to 50 0 C, particularly preferably from 20 0 C to 35 ° C.
• the reaction may be carried out in a solvent, preferably in an inert organic solvent.
• Suitable solvents are, in principle, the solvents mentioned above in connection with the basic cyclization of V to IV, in particular tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out in dichloromethane.
• the compounds IV or IVa can also be prepared by intermolecular cyclization of a glycine ester derivative VIIa with a phenylalanine compound VIIIb or VIIIc according to the following schemes:
• R x , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 have the meanings given above.
• R y is alkyl, for example methyl or ethyl.
• the intermolecular cyclization can be effected, for example, by a base, for example ammonia.
• the compounds VIIa and / or VIIIb or VIIIc can also be used in the form of their acid addition salts, for example as hydrochlorides.
• the preparation of the compounds I comprises
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 6 have the abovementioned meanings, and R 5a has one of the meanings given for R 5 other than hydrogen or is a protective group;
• R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 have the meanings given above and X is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in the presence of a base;
• R 5a is a protecting group, deprotecting.
• R 5a preferably has a meaning other than hydrogen given for R 5 .
• the variable X preferably has one of the following meanings: halogen, in particular chlorine, bromine or iodine or O-SO 2 -R m with R m in the meaning of Ci-C 4 -AlkVl or aryl, which is optionally substituted by halogen, C1 C4 alkyl or halo-Ci-C4-alkyl are substituted.
• Suitable protective groups for the embroidery Substance atoms of the piperazine ring in IX are in particular the abovementioned radicals C (O) R 51 , for example the acetyl radical.
• reaction of the compound IX with the compound X in step ii) can be carried out in analogy to the method described in process A, step iv) or, e.g. after in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 1983, 3214.
• the reaction takes place in the presence of sodium hydride as base in N-methylpyrrolidone as solvent.
• the provision of the compounds IX can e.g. by reacting compound XI with a benzaldehyde compound XII, as explained in the following scheme.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5a and R 6 have the meanings given above.
• R 4a has one of the meanings given for R 4 or is a protective group.
• Suitable protecting groups for the nitrogen atoms of the piperazine ring in XI are in particular the abovementioned radicals C (O) R 51 , for example the acetyl radical.
• R 4a and R 5a represent one of the abovementioned radicals C (O) R 52 , for example acetyl radicals.
• reaction of XI with XII can be carried out under the conditions of an aldol condensation, as already described for the reaction of III with IV or IVa.
• aldol condensations can be carried out analogously to those described in J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65 (24), 8402-8405, Synlett 2006, 677, J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1988, 25, 591, to which reference is hereby fully made.
• the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a base.
• a base it is preferable to use an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, e.g. Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate or mixtures thereof.
• the reaction is carried out in an inert, preferably aprotic organic solvent.
• suitable solvents are, in particular, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, anisole and tetrahydrofuran, nitriles, such as acetonitrile and propylene onitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethylacetamide
• acetyl radical an acetyl radical
• removal of the protective groups usually follows the condensation reaction.
• the removal of a protective group R 4a , R 5a can be carried out in analogy to known methods of protecting group chemistry, for example according to the method described in Green, Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. 1999, John Wiley and Sons, p.
• a subsequent alkylation to introduce the radicals R 4 or R 5 can be carried out in the manner previously indicated in process A for the steps ii) or iii).
• R 4a , R 5a and R 6 have the meanings given above.
• R x is preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or benzyl.
• Boc is a tert-butoxycarbonyl radical.
• R 4a and R 5a is a protective group, for example a radical C (O) R 51 , the introduction of these protective groups in By analogy with known methods of protecting group chemistry, for example by reaction with anhydrides of the formula (R 51 C (O)) 2 ⁇ , for example according to the in Green, Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. 1999, John Wiley and Sons , P. 553.
• the compounds of the formula I where R 5 * H can also be prepared by reacting a piperazine compound of the formula I in which R 5 is hydrogen with an alkylating agent or acylating agent which contains the radical R 5 other than hydrogen. Such reactions can be carried out analogously to those methods which have been explained in connection with method A steps ii), iii) and v). Competing alkylations can also be carried out at the stages of compounds VII, VIIa, VIII, VIIIa, VIIIb and VIIIc.
• alkylating agents X 1 -R 5 X can 1 is halogen or O-SO2-R 111 with R m in the importance of Ci-C 4 -alkyl or aryl, which are optionally substituted by halogen, -C 4 -alkyl or halo-C -C 4 alkyl substituted.
• acylating agents X 2 -R 5 X 2 may be halogen, in particular Cl.
• R 5 stands for a radical (CO) R 51 .
• the reaction is usually carried out at temperatures in the range of -78 ° C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from -50 0 C to 65 ° C, particularly preferably from -30 0 C to 65 ° C.
• the reaction is carried out in a solvent, preferably in an inert organic solvent.
• Suitable solvents are the compounds mentioned in the cyclization of the dipeptide V to the piperazine IV, including toluene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or dimethylformamide or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable bases are the compounds mentioned in the cyclization of the dipeptide V to the piperazine IV.
• the bases are generally used equimolar. They can also be used in excess or even as a solvent.
• the base is added in equimolar amount or substantially equimolar amount.
• sodium hydride is used as the base.
• compounds II, IV, V, VI, VIII in which R 5a or R 5b is H can be N-alkylated or N-acylated as described above.
• precursors II, IV, V, VI, VII, in which the radical denoted by R 4 or R 4a is hydrogen can be alkylated.
• the compounds of the formula I can also be modified on the group R 1 .
• R 1 is CN, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic radical, starting from compounds I, wherein R 1 is halogen, such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, by conversion of the Substituents R 1 are prepared, for example in analogy to those of J. Tsuji, Top. Organomet. Chem. (14) (2005), 332 pp., J. Tsuji, Organic Synthesis with Palladium Compounds, (1980), 207 pp., Tetrahedron Lett. 42, 2001, p. 7473 or Org. Lett. 5, 2003, 1785.
• a piperazine compound of formula I which as substituent R 1 has a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, by reaction with a coupling partner containing a group R 1 (compound R 1 -X 3 ), in another piperazine derivative of the formula I convicted.
• a coupling partner containing a group R 1 compound R 1 -X 3
• the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a catalyst, preferably in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. In general, the reaction takes place in the presence of a base.
• Suitable coupling partners X 3 -R 1 are, in particular, those compounds in which X 3 in the case of R 1 in the meaning of phenyl or heterocyclic radical (heterocyclyl) represents one of the following groups:
• R m is H or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, where two alkyl substituents can together form a C 2 -C 4 -alkylene chain; or SnR n 3, with R n in the meaning of Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl.
• reaction are usually carried out at temperatures ranging from -78 ° C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from -30 0 C to 65 ° C, particularly preferably at temperatures of 30 0 C to 65 ° C.
• the reaction is carried out in an inert organic solvent in the presence of a base.
• Suitable solvents are the compounds mentioned in the cyclization of the dipeptide IV to the piperazine V.
• rens tetrahydrofuran is used with a catalytic amount of water; In another embodiment, only tetrahydrofuran is used.
• Suitable bases are the compounds mentioned in the cyclization of the dipeptide IV to the piperazine V.
• the bases are generally used equimolar. They can also be used in excess or even as a solvent.
• the base is added in equimolar amount.
• triethylamine or cesium carbonate are used as the base, particularly preferably cesium carbonate.
• compounds of the transition metals Ni, Fe, Pd, Pt, Zr or Cu are suitable as catalysts for the process according to the invention. It is possible to use organic or inorganic compounds. By way of example, mention may be made of: Pd (PPh 3) Cl 2 , Pd (OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 or Na 2 PdCl 4. Ph stands for phenyl; Ac for acetyl.
• the various catalysts can be used both individually and as mixtures.
• Pd (PPhi3) 2 Cl 2 is used.
• the compound Ia in which L is chlorine, bromine or iodine can also be reacted with copper cyanide in analogy to known processes (see, for example, Organikum, 21st Edition, 2001, Wiley 404, Tetrahedron Lett. 42, 2001, p.7473 or Org. Lett. 5, 2003, 1785 and literature cited therein).
• reaction are usually carried out at temperatures in the range of 100 0 C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, preferably from 100 0 C to 250 ° C.
• the reaction is carried out in an inert organic solvent.
• Suitable solvents are in particular aprotic polar solvents, for example dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N'-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one and dimethylacetamide.
• the conversion of the group R 1 can alternatively also take place in the precursors of the compound I.
• compounds II in which R 1 is a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine be subjected to the reaction described above.
• the alkylation or acylation of the group NR 4a , NR 5a , wherein R 4a and R 5a is H can alternatively be carried out in the precursors.
• compounds II, IV, V, VI, VIII in which R 5a or R 5b is H can be N-alkylated or N-acylated as described above.
• precursors II, IV, V, VI, VII, in which the radical denoted by R 4 or R 4a is hydrogen can be alkylated.
• the compounds I and their agriculturally useful salts are suitable - both as mixtures of isomers and in the form of pure isomers - as herbicides. They are suitable as such or as appropriately formulated agent.
• the herbicidal compositions containing compound I or Ia control plant growth on nonculture areas very well, especially at high application rates. In crops such as wheat, rice, corn, soybeans and cotton, they act against weeds and grass weeds without significantly damaging the crops. This effect occurs especially at low application rates.
• the compounds I or Ia or agents containing them can be used in a further number of crop plants for the removal of undesirable plants.
• the following cultures may be considered:
• the following cultures are contemplated: Arachis hypogaea, Beta vulgaris spec. altissima, Brassica napus var. napus, Brassica oleracea, Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Coffea arabica (Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica), Cynodon dactylon, Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum, (Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypium vitifolium), Helianthus annuus, Hordeum vulgaris, Juglans regia, Lens culinaris, Linum usitatissimum, Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Malus spec., Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum (N.rustica), Olea europaea, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus lunatus, Phasolus Vulgaris, Pist
• the compounds I can also be used in cultures that are tolerant to herbicides by breeding including genetic engineering methods.
• the compounds I can also be used in cultures which are tolerant by breeding, including genetic engineering against insects or fungal attack.
• the compounds of the formula I are also suitable for the defoliation and / or desiccation of plant parts, for which crop plants such as cotton, potato, oilseed rape, sunflower, soybean or field beans, in particular cotton, come into consideration.
• compositions for the desiccation and / or defoliation of plants, processes for the preparation of these agents and methods for the desiccation and / or defoliation of plants with the compounds of formula I have been found.
• the compounds of the formula I are particularly suitable for drying out the aerial parts of crop plants such as potato, rape, sunflower and soybean, but also cereals. This enables a completely mechanical harvesting of these important crops.
• the compounds I or the herbicidal compositions containing them can be used, for example, in the form of directly sprayable aqueous solutions, powders, suspensions, and also high-percentage aqueous, oily or other suspensions or dispersions, Emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, scattering agents or granules by spraying, atomizing, dusting, scattering, pouring or treatment of the seed or mixing with the seed can be applied.
• the forms of application depend on the intended use; In any case, they should ensure the finest possible distribution of the active compounds according to the invention.
• the herbicidal compositions contain a herbicidally effective amount of at least one compound of the formula I or an agriculturally useful salt of I and auxiliaries customary for the formulation of pesticides.
• auxiliaries are inert auxiliaries, solid carriers, surface-active substances (such as dispersants, protective colloids, emulsifiers, wetting agents and adhesives), organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, if appropriate, dyes and for seed formulations adhesives.
• surface-active substances such as dispersants, protective colloids, emulsifiers, wetting agents and adhesives
• organic and inorganic thickeners such as bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, if appropriate, dyes and for seed formulations adhesives.
• thickeners ie, compounds which impart modified flowability to the formulation, ie, high-level at low viscosity and low viscosity in the agitated state
• polysaccharides such as xanthan gum (Kelzan® from Kelco), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhone Poulenc) or Veegum ® (company RT Vanderbilt) and organic and inorganic layer minerals such as Attaclay® (Engelhardt).
• antifoam agents examples include silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Silikon® SRE, Wacker or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
• Bactericides may be added to stabilize the aqueous herbicidal formulation.
• bactericides are bactericides based on diclorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas) as well as isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones (Acticide MBS der Fa. Thor Chemie)
• antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea or glycerol.
• colorants are both water-insoluble pigments and water-soluble dyes. Examples which may be mentioned under the names rhodamine B, Cl. Pigment Red 1 12 and Cl. Solvent Red 1 known dyes, as well as pigment blue 15: 4, pigment blue 15: 3, pigment blue 15: 2, pigment blue 15: 1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 1 12, pigment red 48: 2, pigment red 48: 1, pigment red 57: 1, pigment red 53: 1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.
• adhesives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and Tylose.
• Suitable inert additives are, for example:
• Mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point such as kerosene or diesel oil, coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, alkylated benzenes or their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexanone or strongly polar solvents, eg. As amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone or water.
• amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone or water.
• Solid carriers are mineral earths such as silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, Ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
• mineral earths such as silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, Ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark, wood and nut
• Suitable surface-active substances are the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, eg lignosulfonic acids (eg Borrespers types, Borregaard), phenolsulfonic acids, naphthalenesulfonic acids (Morwet types , Akzo Nobel) and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (Nekal types, BASF AG), as well as fatty acids, alkyl and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, as well as salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols and of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of n
• Granules e.g. Coating, impregnation and homogeneous granules can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers.
• Aqueous application forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water.
• emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions the compounds of the formula I or Ia, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers.
• concentrates consisting of active substance, wetting, adhesion, dispersing or emulsifying agent and possibly solvent or oil, which are suitable for dilution with water.
• the concentrations of the compounds of the formula I in the ready-to-use formulations can be varied within wide limits.
• the formulations generally contain from 0.001 to 98% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 95% by weight, of at least one active ingredient.
• the active compounds are used in a purity of 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
• the compounds I according to the invention can be formulated, for example, as follows:
• active compound 20 parts by weight are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with the addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, e.g. Polyvinylpyrrolidone dissolved. Dilution in water gives a dispersion.
• a dispersant e.g. Polyvinylpyrrolidone dissolved. Dilution in water gives a dispersion.
• the active ingredient content is 20% by weight
• active compound 25 parts by weight of active compound are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of an organic solvent (for example alkylaromatics) with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight).
• organic solvent for example alkylaromatics
• calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate in each case 5 parts by weight.
• This mixture is added to water by means of an emulsifying machine (e.g., Ultraturax) in 30 parts by weight and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution in water results in an emulsion.
• the formulation has an active ingredient content of 25% by weight.
• active compound 20 parts by weight of active compound are comminuted with the addition of 10 parts by weight dispersing and wetting agents and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent in a stirred ball mill to a fine active substance suspension. Dilution in water results in a stable suspension of the active ingredient.
• the active ingredient content in the formulation is 20% by weight.
• Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules 50 parts by weight of active compound are finely ground with the addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersing and wetting agents and prepared by means of industrial equipment (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed) as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules. Dilution in water results in a stable dispersion or solution of the active ingredient.
• the formulation has an active ingredient content of 50% by weight.
• 0.5 parts by weight of active compound are finely ground and combined with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Common processes are extrusion, spray drying or fluidized bed. This gives a granulate for direct application with 0.5 wt .-% active ingredient content.
• the application of the compounds I or the herbicidal compositions containing them can be carried out in the pre-emergence, postemergence or together with the seed of a crop. It is also possible to apply the herbicidal compositions or active ingredients characterized in that with the herbicidal agents or active ingredients pretreated seed of a crop plant is applied. If the active ingredients are less compatible with certain crops, then application techniques may be used whereby the herbicidal agents are sprayed with the sprayers so as not to hit the leaves of the sensitive crop if possible, while the active ingredients affect the leaves of growing undesirable plants or the uncovered floor surface (post-directed, lay-by).
• the application of the compounds of the formula I or of the herbicidal compositions can be carried out by treating seed.
• the treatment of seed comprises essentially all techniques familiar to the skilled worker (seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping, and seed pelleting) based on the compounds according to the invention of the formula I or agents produced therefrom.
• the herbicidal agents can be diluted or applied undiluted.
• seed includes seeds of all kinds, e.g. Grains, seeds, fruits, tubers, cuttings and similar forms.
• seed preferably describes grains and seeds here.
• Seeds of the abovementioned crops but also the seeds of transgenic or obtained by conventional breeding methods plants can be used as seeds.
• the application rates of active ingredient are 0.001 to 3.0, preferably 0.01 to 1.0 kg / ha active Substance (supra) -
• the compounds I are usually used in amounts of 0.001 to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed.
• the compounds of formula I can be mixed with numerous representatives of other herbicidal or growth-regulating active ingredient groups or with safeners and applied together.
• Safeners are chemical compounds that prevent or reduce damage to crops without significantly affecting the herbicidal activity of the compounds of formula I on undesirable plants. They can be used both before sowing (for example, in seed treatments, in cuttings, or in seedlings) as well as in the pre- or post-emergence of the crop.
• the safeners and the compounds of formula I can be used simultaneously or sequentially.
• Suitable safeners are, for example, (quinoline-8-oxy) acetic acids, 1-phenyl-5-haloalkyl-1H-1, 2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid, 1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-alkyl- 1 H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acids, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-diaryl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acids, dichloroacetamides, alpha-oximinophenylacetonitriles, acetophenone oximes, 4,6-dihalo-2-phenylpyrimidines, N- [ [4- (aminocarbonyl) phenyl] sulfonyl] -2-benzoic acid amides, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 2-halo-4- (haloalkyl) -5-thiazolecarboxylic acids, phosphorothiolates and N-alkyl-O-phenylc
• HPLC-MS High Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with mass spectrometry; HPLC column: RP-18 column (Chromolith Speed ROD from Merck KGaA, Germany), 50 * 4.6 mm; Eluent: acetonitrile + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) / water + 0.1% TFA, with a gradient of 5: 95 to 100: 0 in 5 minutes at 40 0 C, flow rate 1, 8 ml / min; MS: Quadrupole electrospray ionization, 80V (positive mode).
• the culture vessels used were plastic pots with loamy sand with about 3.0% humus as substrate.
• the seeds of the test plants were sown separately by species.
• the active ingredients suspended or emulsified in water were applied directly after sowing by means of finely distributing nozzles.
• the jars were lightly rained to promote germination and growth and then covered with clear plastic hoods until the plants had grown. This cover causes a uniform germination of the test plants, if it was not affected by the active ingredients.
• test plants were grown depending on the growth form only to a height of from 3 to 15 cm and then treated with the suspended or emulsified in water agents.
• the test plants were either sown directly and grown in the same containers or they were first grown separately as seedlings and transplanted into the test containers a few days before the treatment.
• the plants were kept species-specific at temperatures of 10 - 25 ° C and 20 - 35 ° C, respectively.
• the trial period lasted for 2 to 4 weeks. During this time, the plants were cared for, and their response to each treatment was evaluated.
• the rating was based on a scale of 0 to 100. 100 means no emergence of the plants or complete destruction of at least the above-ground parts and 0 no damage or normal growth course.
• a good herbicidal activity is at values of at least 70 and a very good herbicidal activity is given at values of at least 85.
• the plants used in the greenhouse experiments were composed of the following species:
• the compound of Example 43 shows at a rate of 0.5 kg / ha postemergence against APESV a good herbicidal action.
• the compounds of Examples 44 and 47 show at a rate of 0.5 kg / ha postemergence against ECHCG a very good herbicidal activity.
• the compound of Example 137 shows at a rate of 0.5 kg / ha postemergence against GALAP a good herbicidal action.
• the compound of Example 10 shows at a rate of 0.5 kg / ha postemergence against LOLMU a good herbicidal action.
• the compounds of Examples 24, 29, 43 and 137 show at a rate of application of 0.5 k g / ha in pre-emergence against APESV a very good herbicidal activity.
• the compound of Example 25 shows at a rate of 0.5 kg / ha in the pre-emergence against CHEAL a good herbicidal action.
• the compound of Example 25 shows at a rate of 0.5 kg / ha in the pre-emergence against SETVI a good herbicidal action.

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