EP2053711A2 - Zündkerze - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2053711A2
EP2053711A2 EP08466027A EP08466027A EP2053711A2 EP 2053711 A2 EP2053711 A2 EP 2053711A2 EP 08466027 A EP08466027 A EP 08466027A EP 08466027 A EP08466027 A EP 08466027A EP 2053711 A2 EP2053711 A2 EP 2053711A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
center electrode
spark plug
ignition chamber
ignition
spark
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08466027A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2053711A3 (de
Inventor
Stanislav Beroun
Josef Blazek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technicka Univerzita v Liberci
Original Assignee
Technicka Univerzita v Liberci
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technicka Univerzita v Liberci filed Critical Technicka Univerzita v Liberci
Publication of EP2053711A2 publication Critical patent/EP2053711A2/de
Publication of EP2053711A3 publication Critical patent/EP2053711A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
    • H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode

Definitions

  • the spark plug especially for the spark ignition piston engine, comprising the center electrode of spark-gap and the shell forming the second electrode of spark-gap and provided with means for connection of the spark plug to dead space of cylinder in combustion engine, while inside the shell the ignition chamber is performed, whose face adjacent to the dead space of the cylinder being respective to the spark plug comprises at least one connecting orifice.
  • spark-ignition engines mostly work with external creating of mixture, i.e., into engine cylinders the mixture is brought in a state of high level preparedness: for completion of creation and homogenization of mixture in engine cylinder (in case of petrol after then also its full evaporating and mixing of fuel vapours with the air), a relatively long period of full filling stroke and substantial part of compression stroke is available. Prepared homogenous mixture then together with the enclosed volume forms suitable conditions for kinetic course of combustion process in engine cylinder.
  • Initiation of combustion process in spark-ignition engines is realised through the mechanism of high-temperature inflammation of a very small volume of prepared mixture.
  • HV high-voltage
  • the temperature is increased extremely in a very small volume of combustible mixture which starts the pre-oxidation reactions in fuel.
  • Due to high temperature the molecules of hydrocarbon fuel, which were in contact with oxygen, change to radicals with peroxide bond, which decompose quickly and energetic rich activated particles - free radicals are created, which initiate process of further chain reactions. After a sufficient concentration of activated particles is created, the whole process culminates by generating the ignition focus.
  • Inter-cycle variability is a long-term problem of spark-ignition engines and its cause lies in considerable variability of conditions for achievement of necessary concentration of free radicals in the ignition focus being created, which is caused by a greater number of effects: considerably acts the fact, that in engine cylinder, thus also in the closest vicinity of electrodes of the spark plug there is a turbulent environment, in which the activated particles are dispersed in a broader surroundings, thus slowing down the process of ignition. Therefore due to impact of turbulence, the conditions for creating of ignition focus are of an accidental nature.
  • Some vehicle spark-ignition engines to improve the conditions for reliable ignition and more stable course of the combustion process, use mixture ignition by means of 2 spark plugs, positioned in opposite places of combustion space. This solution is complicated as to its construction and therefore not widely spread.
  • Other groups of spark-ignition engines e.g. stationary gas engines
  • for more quality and reliable ignition of mixture use so called indirect mixture ignition in the combustion space in engine cylinder by flashing out of burning mixture from the ignition chamber.
  • the ignition chamber is a separate space of a very small volume, in which through a special inlet of gas an enriched mixture is created, which after ignition by a high voltage discharge on the spark plug (positioned in ignition chamber) begins to burn very quickly (burning-out within cca 1 ms) and burned gases together with burning mixture flash out from the chamber through the connecting channels into the main combustion space and on many places ignite the mixture in the main combustion space - nearly simultaneous ignition of the mixture in more places together with initiated turbulence support development of a relatively very stable process in the main combustion space in engine cylinder.
  • By a suitably designed indirect ignition it is possible to ignite and combust reliably very weak mixtures with high excess of air ( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2,4) at relatively low inter-cycle variability. Nevertheless this device and its accessories is rather complicated, thus expensive.
  • the solution according to DE 19714796 A1 uses ignition chamber without independent fuel delivery.
  • the spark-gap of the spark plug arranged in ignition chamber ignites the mixture, which into the chamber was delivered through the connecting channels from engine cylinder at compression stroke.
  • Mixture ignition in the spark-ignition engine by means of the ignition chamber without independent fuel delivery into the chamber is used also at some engines of the GDI type (FSI - spark-ignition engines with direct fuel injection and combustion of layered heterogenous mixture), where through a special modification in shape of the dead space and through suitable arrangement of inlet and flash-out channels in the chamber an important improvement of ignition quality is achieved.
  • Such arrangements of ignition chambers are described for example also in documents DE 102005017186 , JP 2006144648 , US 20050211217 and elsewhere.
  • the ignition chamber without independent fuel delivery into the chamber improves energetic and performance parameters of engine in the modes of higher loading.
  • the activity of this ignition chamber is deteriorated by pressure drop in engine cylinder, due to which a lower quantity of mixture gets into the chamber.
  • the goal of the invention is to eliminate or at least substantially reduce shortcomings of the background art.
  • the spark plug comprising the ignition chamber according to the invention, whose principle consists in that the center electrode is passing through the space of ignition chamber and it finishes in the connecting orifice in the face of ignition chamber, while between surface of circumference of connecting orifice and surface of circumference of the end of center electrode there is a gap.
  • the end of center electrode in the area of connecting orifice of the ignition chamber with respect to the section of the center electrode passing through the ignition chamber has a smaller diameter
  • this end of the center electrode may have cylindric, or conical surface, possibly its surface is a combination of truncated cone tied up to the diameter of the center electrode and becoming narrower in direction towards the end of center electrode, at the same time it is connected to a cylindric surface, whose diameter is smaller than diameter of the center electrode.
  • the total clear opening for filling the ignition chamber with mixture may be enlarged and to ensure an optimum direction of flash-out or more flashes-out after ignition.
  • the connecting orifice into which the center electrode enters is non-circular, preferably in the form of a star.
  • Fig. 1 shows a basic embodiment of the spark plug with integrated ignition chamber
  • Fig. 2 embodiment with further connecting holes from the ignition chamber
  • Fig. 3a, 3b exemplary embodiment with non-circular connecting orifice forming the spark-gap
  • Fig. 3b is the "P" view from Fig. 3a
  • the spark plug according to the invention comprises the shell 1 provided with thread 11 for fastening of the spark plug to combustion space of engine cylinder.
  • insulator 2 In upper section of the shell 1 of spark plug there is tightly fastened insulator 2 , through which the center electrode 3 passes.
  • a cavity of the ignition chamber 4 In lower section of the shell in area of its thread 11 a cavity of the ignition chamber 4 is performed whose volume in exemplary embodiment is 0,5 cm 3 .
  • Upper terminal 31 of center electrode 3 extending from insulator 2 serves for connection of high-voltage cable, lower end section 32 passes through a cavity of the ignition chamber 4 .
  • In lower face 12 of cavity of ignition chamber 4 there is a central connecting orifice 121 , into which by its face the end 321 of end section 32 of center electrode 3 extends.
  • the shell 1 forms the ground electrode of the spark plug and the gap 5 thus forms the space of spark
  • Fig. 2 represents arrangement of the spark plug with the ignition chamber 4 , whose face 12 besides the central connecting orifice 121 , into which the center electrode 3 enters by its end 321, is provided with further connecting hole 122.
  • the basic arrangement is identical as in the case of embodiment of spark plug according to Fig.1 .
  • the face 12 is provided with several connecting holes 122.
  • the holes 122 with the longitudinal axis of the spark plug may be parallel, trapezoidal or skew, while they need not to be straight.
  • the holes 122 may be parallel, trapezoidal or skew also mutually one to another.
  • the end 322 of center electrode 3 extending into the connecting orifice 121 is a cylindric one, at the same time it has a smaller diameter, than the end section 32 of center electrode 3 passing through space of the ignition chamber 4 .
  • the end 323 of center electrode 3 extending into the connecting orifice 121 is a conical one, at the same time in direction from cavity of the ignition chamber 4 it becomes narrower.
  • the end 324 of center electrode 3 extending into the connecting orifice 121 at the beginning is conical, while in direction from ignition chamber 4 becomes narrower and transits into the cylindric section of a small diameter.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP08466027A 2007-10-23 2008-10-22 Zündkerze Withdrawn EP2053711A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ20070738A CZ2007738A3 (cs) 2007-10-23 2007-10-23 Zapalovací svícka

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2053711A2 true EP2053711A2 (de) 2009-04-29
EP2053711A3 EP2053711A3 (de) 2012-05-30

Family

ID=40352693

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08466027A Withdrawn EP2053711A3 (de) 2007-10-23 2008-10-22 Zündkerze

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2053711A3 (de)
CZ (1) CZ2007738A3 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9225151B2 (en) 2012-02-09 2015-12-29 Cummins Ip, Inc. Spark plug for removing residual exhaust gas and associated combustion chamber
CN105529616A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-27 张蝶儿 一种火花塞
DE102016117149B4 (de) 2015-09-15 2021-12-23 Denso Corporation Zündkerze für Verbrennungsmotor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ307354B6 (cs) * 2017-04-06 2018-06-20 Technická univerzita v Liberci Zapalovací svíčka

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19714796A1 (de) 1997-04-10 1998-10-15 Reinhard Dr Ing Latsch Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entflammung sehr magerer Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemische bei Ottomotoren
US20050211217A1 (en) 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Boley William C Pre-chambered type spark plug with pre-chamber entirely below a bottom surface of a cylinder head
JP2006144648A (ja) 2004-11-18 2006-06-08 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 副室式火花点火内燃機関
DE102005017186A1 (de) 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Multitorch Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Entflammungsbedingungen bei einem Vorkammer- Verbrennungsmotor mit Zündung in der Vorkammer

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR323549A (fr) * 1902-08-07 1903-03-09 Luthy H Bougie perfectionnée d'allumage électrique pour moteurs à explosions
GB253780A (en) * 1925-10-23 1926-06-24 Norman Macdonald Martin Improvements in sparking plugs
GB351340A (en) * 1929-09-19 1931-06-25 Adolphe Kegresse Improvements in or relating to sparking plugs for internal combustion engines
CH624509A5 (de) * 1980-05-30 1981-07-31 Espada Anstalt
DE3436662A1 (de) * 1984-10-05 1986-04-24 Kontron Elektronik Verfahren und vorrichtung zum messen der position eines induktiven messaufnehmers auf einem koordinatenmesstisch
US5633557A (en) * 1992-09-28 1997-05-27 Lindsay; Maurice E. Anti-fouling spark plug
RU2239925C1 (ru) * 2003-09-03 2004-11-10 Анисимова Ирина Александровна Свеча зажигания для двигателя внутреннего сгорания

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19714796A1 (de) 1997-04-10 1998-10-15 Reinhard Dr Ing Latsch Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entflammung sehr magerer Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemische bei Ottomotoren
US20050211217A1 (en) 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Boley William C Pre-chambered type spark plug with pre-chamber entirely below a bottom surface of a cylinder head
JP2006144648A (ja) 2004-11-18 2006-06-08 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 副室式火花点火内燃機関
DE102005017186A1 (de) 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Multitorch Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Entflammungsbedingungen bei einem Vorkammer- Verbrennungsmotor mit Zündung in der Vorkammer

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9225151B2 (en) 2012-02-09 2015-12-29 Cummins Ip, Inc. Spark plug for removing residual exhaust gas and associated combustion chamber
AT516825A5 (de) * 2012-02-09 2016-09-15 Cummins Ip Inc Zündkerze zum Entfernen von Abgasrückständen und zugehörige Brennkammer
AT516825B1 (de) * 2012-02-09 2016-09-15 Cummins Ip Inc Zündkerze zum Entfernen von Abgasrückständen und zugehörige Brennkammer
CN105529616A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-27 张蝶儿 一种火花塞
CN105529616B (zh) * 2014-09-30 2017-07-25 张蝶儿 一种火花塞
DE102016117149B4 (de) 2015-09-15 2021-12-23 Denso Corporation Zündkerze für Verbrennungsmotor
DE102016117149B8 (de) 2015-09-15 2022-02-24 Denso Corporation Zündkerze für Verbrennungsmotor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2053711A3 (de) 2012-05-30
CZ2007738A3 (cs) 2009-05-06

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