EP2041425A1 - Injection system and method for producing an injection system - Google Patents
Injection system and method for producing an injection systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2041425A1 EP2041425A1 EP06805998A EP06805998A EP2041425A1 EP 2041425 A1 EP2041425 A1 EP 2041425A1 EP 06805998 A EP06805998 A EP 06805998A EP 06805998 A EP06805998 A EP 06805998A EP 2041425 A1 EP2041425 A1 EP 2041425A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- injection system
- lever
- nozzle needle
- coupled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
- F02M2200/701—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger mechanical
- F02M2200/702—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger mechanical with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
- F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
- F02M2200/705—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with means for filling or emptying hydraulic chamber, e.g. for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49428—Gas and water specific plumbing component making
Definitions
- the invention relates to an injection system and a method for producing an injection system.
- Injection systems with at least one injector and, in particular, leak-free common-rail injection systems require at least one injector and, in particular, leak-free common-rail injection systems
- Control or an actuator such as a piezoelectric actuator in the high pressure chamber of the injector.
- the technical field of the invention relates in particular to common rail injectors or injection systems with an actuator or an actuator for opening and closing a nozzle by means of a nozzle needle in the high pressure chamber, which has a hydraulic longitudinal compensation device and a lever translator for actuating the nozzle needle.
- the longitudinal compensation device has, in particular, a piston engaging in a bore of the bottom plate of the piezoelectric actuator piezo stack, a hydraulic volume, for example a fuel volume, between the bottom plate and the piston and a return spring for returning the piezoelectric stack.
- Such an injection system is known for example from DE 101 45 620 B4.
- the above-mentioned lever translator has the function of translating the stroke provided by the piezo stack into a modified, in particular enlarged, stroke.
- the lever translator usually has an actuator lever, which is coupled to the piezoelectric actuator, and a needle lever, which is coupled to the nozzle needle on.
- the actuator lever and the needle lever form a two-stage lever device, which requires a large height due to the two-stage.
- the Applicant has found that, when the levers are actuated, the introduced tilting moment into the nozzle needle can result in a negative functional influence. In particular, a resultant lateral force acts on the nozzle during the lifting movement. needle.
- Another object is to provide a simple and in particular cost-effective injection system with a lever translator with in particular minimal friction losses.
- an actuator which provides a lift for lifting a nozzle needle which opens a nozzle into which the fuel is injected;
- a lever translation device for translating the provided stroke into an altered stroke having a balancer coupled to the actuator and a lever coupled to the nozzle needle;
- the lever device has at least two symmetrically arranged, one-armed lever, each contact by means of a single needle head rest a nozzle needle head of Düsenna- del when lifting the nozzle needle;
- the balancing device is adapted to compensate for a different force effect of the actuator on the one-armed lever.
- Arranging an actuator in a housing of the injection system which provides a lift for lifting a nozzle needle, which opens a nozzle into which the fuel is injected;
- the arrangement of the compensation device between the actuator and the lever device results in a potentially different force effect of the actuator being compensated for the one-armed lever of the lever device and thus no lateral force effect of the lever device on the nozzle needle.
- the one-armed levers of the lever device are symmetrical, in particular rotationally symmetrical, so that no transverse forces resulting from friction and transverse movements can be entered into the system both on the drive and on the needle, which in turn would lead to increased friction on the components coupled to them ,
- a reduced friction between the components or components of the injection system is achieved by the inventive arrangement in the transmission of the stroke. This reduction of the friction losses according to the invention results in an improvement in the durability and the lifetime of the injection system.
- Another advantage of the arrangement of the compensation device is that a non-coaxial arrangement of the actuator and the lever translation device is possible without having to accept an inhomogeneous force of the actuator on the one-armed lever of the lever translation device in purchasing. This results in a degree of freedom for the design of the
- Another advantage of the present invention is that no two-stage lever must be used. As a result of the use of one-armed levers, there is a reduced or minimized overall length of the lever transmission device and thus of the single-point system. Furthermore, the injection system according to the invention, due to the omission of structural share, in particular two equal levers, lower production costs.
- the actuator is designed as a magnetic actuator or as a piezoelectric actuator.
- the magnetic actuator on a flat armature or a plunger armature.
- the magnetic Akor with the plunger anchor on a secondary air column is achieved by the use of the secondary air gap that the magnetic actuator can provide a linear force curve over the stroke.
- the magnet actuator with the flat armature has a toroidal coil or a toroidal coil.
- the flat anchor preferably has a square cross-section.
- the one-armed levers are separated from each other by means of a separating gap.
- a hydraulic compensator which has a compensator pot and a piston engaging in the compensating pot, an intermediate space being formed between the condenser pot and the piston, which is filled with a fluid, in particular the fuel. wherein the gap is coupled to the hydraulic compensation with a compensation volume via a flow gap.
- a bottom plate of the piezoelectric actuator is coupled to the compensator and the compensation device has the piston.
- the necessary for the force balance mobility of the compensation device or the compensation element is ensured by a relatively short cylindrical portion of the sealing surface of the piston. The maximum length of this range depends on the necessary clearance for the length compensation. Alternatively, a spherical sealing surface can be provided.
- the bottom plate of the piezo-actuator is coupled to the piston and the compensation device has the Kompensatortopf.
- the piezo actuator has a controllable piezo stack.
- the controllable piezo stack provides the stroke for actuating the nozzle needle in a closing direction or in an opening direction as a function of a control signal.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the injection system according to the invention
- FIG. 3, 4 detail views of a section of a third embodiment of the injection system according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the injection system according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- the exemplary embodiments of the injection system 1 for injecting fuel P under a predetermined fuel pressure according to FIGS. 1-5 have in common that the injection system 1 according to the invention has an actuator 2, 3 and a lever transmission device 5 with a compensation device 6 and a lever device 7 ,
- the actuator 2, 3 provides a lift for lifting a nozzle needle 4, which opens a nozzle into which the fuel P is injected.
- the lever translation device 5 for translating the provided stroke in a modified stroke accordingly has the compensation device 6, which is coupled to the actuator 2, 3, and the lever device 7, which is coupled to the nozzle needle 4.
- the lever device 7 has at least two symmetrically arranged, one-armed levers 8a, 8b, which each contact a nozzle needle head 10 of the nozzle needle 4 when lifting the nozzle needle 4 by means of a single needle head support 9a, 9b.
- the compensation device 6 according to the invention is suitable for compensating for a different or inhomogeneous force action of the actuator 2, 3 on the one-armed levers 8a, 8b.
- the injection system 1 furthermore has a hydraulic compensator 14.
- the hydraulic compensator 14 has a Kompensatortopf 15 and an engaging in the Kompensatortopf 15 piston 16. Between the Kompensatortopf 15 and the piston 16, a gap 17 is formed, which is filled with a fluid, in particular the fuel P.
- the intermediate space 17 is coupled to a compensation volume via a flow gap 18 for hydraulic compensation.
- the injection system 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has a piezo actuator 3 as an actuator.
- the piezoelectric actuator 3 has a controllable piezoelectric stack 19 which, in dependence on a control signal (not shown), provides the stroke for actuating the nozzle needle 4 in a closing direction R 1 or in an opening direction R 2.
- the piezo stack 19 is preferably surrounded by a corrugated tube (not shown).
- the closing of the nozzle needle 4 in the closing direction Rl is, however, substantially by a spring (not shown), which generates the necessary closing force, made which is suitable when the piezo-stack 19 is discharged and retracts to a predetermined starting position.
- the injection system 1 has a support device 21 which supports the lever device 7.
- the one-armed levers 8a, 8b roll on the support device 21 during the transfer of the stroke.
- the injection system 1 preferably has a return spring 22 for resetting the nozzle needle 4, which couples the nozzle needle 4 to the housing 20 or to the support device 21.
- FIG. 1 According to the first embodiment of FIG. 1 is a
- Bottom plate 23 of the piezo-actuator 3 is coupled to the Kompensatortopf 15 and the balancer 6 has the piston 16.
- the bottom plate 23 of the piezo-actuator 3 may be coupled to the piston 16 and the compensation device 6 may have a Kompensatortopf 15.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show detailed views of a detail of a third embodiment of the injection system according to the invention 1.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show in particular the lever translation device 5 with the compensation device 6 and the lever device 7.
- the lever device 7 has two symmetrically arranged, one-armed lever 8a, 8b on.
- a one-armed lever 8a, 8b is in the context of this application a lever, which is shaped at least on one side like a one-armed fork. This one side is the side of the lever with which it lifts the nozzle needle head 10.
- the one-armed levers 8a, 8b contact the nozzle needle head 10 of the nozzle needle 4 for lifting the nozzle needle 4 in each case by means of a single Nadelkopfaufläge 9a, 9b.
- the nozzle needle 4 is lifted, as it were, in a rotational movement out of the nozzle needle seat (not shown).
- the one-armed levers 8a, 8b have a convex contour in a contact region to the support device 21, on which the one-sided levers 8a, 8b are mounted.
- the one-armed levers 8a, 8b are separated from one another by means of a separating gap 13.
- Reference numeral 24 in FIG. 4 denotes a bore for the nozzle needle 4.
- FIG. 5 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the injection system 1 according to the invention.
- the fourth exemplary embodiment of the injection system 1 according to FIG. 5 differs in particular from the first and second exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in that not a piezoactuator 3, but a magnet actuator 2 is used as the actuator.
- Fig. 5 shows a solenoid actuator 2 with a plunger armature 11.
- a magnet-actuator 2 with a flat armature can be used.
- the solenoid actuator 2 according to FIG. 5 with the plunger armature 11 has a secondary air gap 12 between the coil 27 and the plunger armature 11.
- the coil 27 is coupled to a magnet pot 26. In a vertical direction above the coil 27, a working air gap 25 is formed between the coil 27 and the plunger armature 11.
- the stroke of the magnetic actuator 2 is transmitted to the compensating device 6 by means of a plunger 28.
- the magnetic actuator 2 in a low-pressure region ND of the injection system 1 and the lever translation device 5 and the nozzle needle 4 and potentially coupled therebetween devices are arranged in the high-pressure region HD of the injection system 1.
- Fig. 5 shows a high pressure port 29 for supplying the fuel P with the predetermined fuel pressure, which is for example in a range of 1500 - 2000 bar. Furthermore, FIG. 5 shows a leakage oil connection 30, which is coupled to the high-pressure region HD of the injection system 1.
- Fig. 5 shows the arrangement of needle guides 31 in a needle shaft 32 for improved guidance of the nozzle needle 4.
- the needle guides 31 can also be used in the previous embodiments.
- a capsule 33 protects the magnetic actuator 2 from external influences.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing the injection system 1 for injecting fuel P under a predetermined fuel pressure.
- the method according to the invention has the following method steps S1 and S2:
- Step S1 An actuator 2, 3 is arranged in a housing 20 of the injection system 1, which provides a stroke for lifting a nozzle needle 4, which opens a nozzle, in which the fuel P is injected.
- the actuator 2, 3 is coupled to a lever translation device 5 for translating the provided stroke in a modified, in particular enlarged stroke.
- the lever transmission device 5 has a compensating device 6 or compensating plate, which is coupled to the actuator 2, 3, and a lever device 7, which is coupled to the nozzle needle 4, on.
- the lever device 7 has at least two symmetrically arranged, one-armed levers 8a, 8b, which each contact by means of a single Nadelkopfaufläge 9a, 9b a nozzle needle head 10 of the nozzle needle 4 for lifting the nozzle needle 4.
- the compensation device 6 is adapted to compensate for a different or inhomogeneous force of the actuator 2, 3 on the one-armed lever 8a, 8b in the transfer of the stroke.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006031567A DE102006031567A1 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2006-07-07 | Injection system and method for manufacturing an injection system |
PCT/EP2006/009554 WO2008003347A1 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2006-10-02 | Injection system and method for producing an injection system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2041425A1 true EP2041425A1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
EP2041425B1 EP2041425B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
Family
ID=37913722
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06805998A Active EP2041425B1 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2006-10-02 | Injection system and method for producing an injection system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8807450B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2041425B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101479465B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE555300T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006031567A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008003347A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006042601A1 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injector for injecting fuel |
US8074625B2 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2011-12-13 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Fuel injector actuator assemblies and associated methods of use and manufacture |
DE102009024596A1 (en) | 2009-06-10 | 2011-04-07 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Injection valve with transmission unit |
DE102009024595A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2011-03-24 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Injection valve with transmission unit |
DE102011084342A1 (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines with directly controlled valve needle |
DE102011056096B4 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-06-26 | Pierburg Gmbh | Solenoid valve |
DE102011090200A1 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Lever and injector |
DE102011090196A1 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Lever and injector |
DE102012216688A1 (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-03-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector |
US20140131466A1 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-15 | Advanced Green Innovations, LLC | Hydraulic displacement amplifiers for fuel injectors |
US9309846B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2016-04-12 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Motion modifiers for fuel injection systems |
US20140130773A1 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-15 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Mechanical motion amplification for new thermodynamic cycles |
KR102155810B1 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2020-09-14 | 가부시키가이샤 호리바 에스텍 | Interlace lifting mechanism |
US20170254304A1 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2017-09-07 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection valve |
JP6443109B2 (en) | 2015-02-17 | 2018-12-26 | 株式会社Soken | Fuel injection valve |
JP6458747B2 (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2019-01-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Fuel injection device |
JP6642478B2 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2020-02-05 | 株式会社デンソー | Fuel injection device |
CN107127065B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2020-04-24 | 常州铭赛机器人科技股份有限公司 | Fluid micro-jetting device and execution system thereof |
US11384860B2 (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2022-07-12 | Changzhou Mingseal Robot Technology Co., Ltd. | Fluid micro-injection device and flow channel assembly thereof |
US11478805B2 (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2022-10-25 | Changzhou Mingseal Robot Technology Co., Ltd. | Minute fluid jetting device |
CN109488772B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-12-03 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of double sealing structure of injection electromagnetic valve |
CN111701810B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-05-07 | 马鞍山友基贸易有限公司 | Chemical agent conveying pipeline rust-proof treatment device |
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US3995813A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-12-07 | Bart Hans U | Piezoelectric fuel injector valve |
US4211119A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-07-08 | The Bendix Corporation | Self-standardizing pressure sensor for use in an electronic fuel control system |
DE3522225A1 (en) * | 1985-06-21 | 1987-01-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | FUEL INJECTION VALVE WITH COMPENSATING SPRING |
IE61313B1 (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1994-10-19 | Abx Sa | Switching microelectrovalve having a single diaphragm |
JP2761405B2 (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1998-06-04 | 三信工業株式会社 | Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine |
DE4222594A1 (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1994-01-13 | Roemer J C Avs Gmbh | Valve |
DE4405657A1 (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-08-24 | Buerkert Werke Gmbh & Co | magnetic valve |
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DE10145620B4 (en) | 2001-09-15 | 2006-03-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Valve for controlling fluids |
US6933660B2 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2005-08-23 | Caterpillar Inc | Piezoelectric bender with increased activating force, and valve using same |
US20050156057A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2005-07-21 | Volkswagen Mechatronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pump-nozzle unit and method for setting the hardness of bearing regions of a control valve |
DE10242376A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-25 | Siemens Ag | Pump-nozzle unit for transporting fuel into combustion engine combustion chamber has control valve system regions that come into contact with converter at least partly harder than adjacent regions |
US6783337B2 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-08-31 | Caterpillar Inc | Check valve seal assembly |
DE10254186A1 (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2004-06-17 | Siemens Ag | Injector with a directly driven register nozzle needle for fuel injection into an internal combustion engine |
DE102005021583A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-30 | Bürkert Werke GmbH & Co. KG | valve device |
-
2006
- 2006-07-07 DE DE102006031567A patent/DE102006031567A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-10-02 EP EP06805998A patent/EP2041425B1/en active Active
- 2006-10-02 WO PCT/EP2006/009554 patent/WO2008003347A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-10-02 AT AT06805998T patent/ATE555300T1/en active
- 2006-10-02 CN CN2006800552458A patent/CN101479465B/en active Active
- 2006-10-02 US US12/306,459 patent/US8807450B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008003347A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090200406A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
ATE555300T1 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
CN101479465A (en) | 2009-07-08 |
US8807450B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
CN101479465B (en) | 2012-02-08 |
EP2041425B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
DE102006031567A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
WO2008003347A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
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