EP2670970B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2670970B1
EP2670970B1 EP11807956.5A EP11807956A EP2670970B1 EP 2670970 B1 EP2670970 B1 EP 2670970B1 EP 11807956 A EP11807956 A EP 11807956A EP 2670970 B1 EP2670970 B1 EP 2670970B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
nozzle needle
fuel injector
piston
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP11807956.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2670970A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Christoph Magel
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2670970A1 publication Critical patent/EP2670970A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/28—Details of throttles in fuel-injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a fuel injector is from the DE 10 2008 054 421 A1 the applicant known.
  • the known fuel injector in this case comprises a transmitter piston connected to a piezoelectric actuator, which exchanges into a bore of a slave piston.
  • the slave piston in turn is axially slidably movable in an injector.
  • the unit formed from the master piston and the slave piston represents a first hydraulic coupler, which causes an opening of a voltage applied to a valve seat nozzle needle when energizing the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the invention has the object, a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1 such that both opening and closing forces are transmitted from the actuator to the nozzle needle and thus a fuel injector with a relatively simple or small-sized piezoelectric actuator can be achieved.
  • a low pressure drop and thus the highest possible efficiency should be achieved.
  • the invention is based on the idea to equip the fuel injector with two hydraulic couplers, of which a hydraulic coupler is responsible for opening the nozzle needle, while the other hydraulic coupler supports the closing process.
  • the two hydraulic couplers have the same path ratio.
  • the same conditions are created with respect to the opening stroke and the closing stroke, so that the throttle loss can be reduced at a closing throttle, and the necessary actuator size can be reduced to achieve the required Düsennadelhubes.
  • the nozzle needle is connected to a Kopplerkolbenan instructs the nozzle needle and that the Kopplerkolbenan instructs the nozzle needle.
  • the coupler piston arrangement comprises two coupler pistons abutting one another at a contact surface and that the two end faces of the coupler pistons facing away from the contact surface delimit the two coupler spaces is particularly preferred.
  • Such a configuration or arrangement of the coupler piston has the advantage that during the (simultaneous) movement the coupler piston no tension can occur in the coupler piston assembly, as they otherwise appear very easily due to positional tolerances of the components.
  • such an arrangement allows the use of two coupler bodies, so that a constructively relatively simple structure can be realized.
  • a connecting bore between two coupler spaces is designed as a throttle for influencing the movement of the nozzle needle.
  • a preferred constructive development of the invention provides that a third coupler space is closed by a closure plate which is pressed by the spring force of a biasing spring against an end face of the coupler body.
  • the nozzle needle formed in the high-pressure chamber a throttle device for influencing the movement of the nozzle needle.
  • a throttle device for influencing the movement of the nozzle needle.
  • an inventive injector 10 is shown, as it serves in particular as part of a so-called common-rail injection system for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine.
  • the injector 10 is a multi-part trained Injector 11 on.
  • the injector housing 11 comprises by way of example on the side facing away from the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine a housing cover 12 which is connected to a sleeve-shaped housing middle part 13.
  • a first, plate-like coupler body 14 and a second, likewise plate-shaped coupler body 15 adjoin the housing middle part 13 in the axial direction of the injector housing 11.
  • An injector base part 16 in turn adjoins the second coupler body 15 on the side opposite the first coupler body 14.
  • a recess 17 is formed, which limits a high-pressure chamber 18 of the injector 10.
  • the high-pressure chamber 18 is connected to a pressure source 20, in particular the so-called rail, by means of an inflow channel 19 formed by the two coupler bodies 14, 15, the middle section 13 and the housing cover 12.
  • a sealing seat 23 which preferably closes a plurality of through holes 24 in a closed position of the nozzle needle 22, is injected through the open nozzle needle 22 at high pressure fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the nozzle needle 22 is guided in the recess 17 in a bearing body 25, wherein between the bearing body 25 and the nozzle needle 22, a flow connection is formed.
  • the nozzle needle 22 has a throttle point 27 in the form of a throttle plate 28. By means of the throttle point 27 and the throttle plate 28, the movement of the nozzle needle 22 can additionally influence or control.
  • the nozzle needle 22 also has a collar 30, on which a nozzle closing spring 31 is supported.
  • the other side of the nozzle closing spring 31 is supported on the underside of the second coupler body 15.
  • the nozzle needle 22 is connected to the shaft 32 of a connecting piston 33.
  • the shaft 32 is slidably guided in a sealing sleeve 35, which bears tightly against the underside of the second coupler body 15 and thus the second coupler body 15 seals against the high-pressure chamber 18 and separates from this.
  • the latter At the end face of the second coupler body 15 facing the sealing sleeve 35, the latter has, in the region of the shank 32, an annular space 36 which is connected to a recess 39 of the housing middle part 13 via a drainage bore 37.
  • About the annular space 36 can enter via the sealing sleeve 35 entering, standing at high pressure fuel into a recess 39.
  • the recess 39 forms a low-pressure region 40 of the injector 10, which is connected via a return bore 41 with a fuel return of the fuel injection system.
  • an actuator for actuating the nozzle needle 22 in the form of a piezoelectric actuator 44 is arranged in the recess 39 of the injector housing 11, i. in the low-pressure region 40.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 44 has connection cables 45, via which the piezoactuator 44 can be electrically controlled.
  • the design of the piezoactuator 44 is such that, in the de-energized state, it has its smallest length considered in the longitudinal direction of the injector 10 and expands when energized in the axial direction of the injector 10.
  • a cylindrically shaped guide bore 46 is formed for a master piston 47, which is part of a first hydraulic coupler.
  • the master piston 47 is connected via a connecting rod 48 with a support plate 49 on which the piezoelectric actuator 44 is arranged.
  • the guide bore 46 is sealed with a closure plate 52, wherein the end plate 52 has a through hole 53 for the connecting rod 48.
  • a biasing spring 55 is supported, on the one hand the end plate 52 against the associated end face of the first coupler body 14, and on the other hand, the support plate 48 together with the piezoelectric actuator 44 against the housing cover 12 with compressive force.
  • the shaft 32 of the connecting piston 33 is operatively connected on the opposite side of the nozzle needle 22 with a slave piston 57.
  • the slave piston 57 is slidably guided in a guide bore 58, which in the second Coupler body 15 is formed on the first body of the body 14 facing side.
  • the first coupler body 14 in turn has a guide bore 59 with respect to the guide bore 58 of reduced diameter, wherein the two guide bores 58, 59 are aligned coaxially with each other.
  • the guide bore 58 forms a first coupler space 61 on the side facing the nozzle needle 22 below the slave piston 57.
  • the slave piston 57 is part of a coupler piston assembly 62 of a second hydraulic coupler, which comprises a further coupler piston 63 in addition to the slave piston 57, which is slidably guided in the guide bore 59 and abuts with its the slave piston 57 facing end face on the end face of the slave piston 57.
  • the further coupler piston 63 delimits on the side facing away from the slave piston 57 a second coupler space 65 formed by the guide bore 59.
  • the second coupler space 65 is connected via a connecting channel 66 to a third coupler space 67, which is bounded by the guide bore 46, the end plate 52 and the top of the master piston 47.
  • a fourth coupler space 69 is formed, which is coupled via a connecting channel 71 with the first coupler space 61.
  • the connecting channel 71 may in this case be designed to influence the speed of movement of the nozzle needle 22 as a throttle.
  • Preferred is a geometric design in which the area ratio between the fourth coupler space 69 and the first coupler space 61 is the same size as the ratio between the third coupler space 67 and the second coupler space 65th
  • the piezoelectric actuator 44 is de-energized.
  • the nozzle needle 22 For injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the nozzle needle 22 must lift off from its sealing seat 23 in order to release the passage openings 24.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 44 is energized or charged.
  • the energization of the piezoelectric actuator 44 has the consequence that this expands in the axial direction.
  • the diameter of the piston 32 and the diameter of the sealing seat 23 are matched to one another such that the valve needle 22 is at least approximately force-balanced in its closed position. This means that the hydraulic forces on the valve needle 22 as seen in the direction of movement of the valve needle 22 cancel out completely or at least approximately and the valve needle 22 can be moved with relatively low forces and thus rapidly in the high-pressure chamber 18.
  • the injector 10 described so far can be modified or modified in many ways, as far as this is justified by the claimed subject matter.
  • the second coupler body 15 and the sealing sleeve 35 can also be continuous, i. can be formed as a one-piece component. It can also be provided that only one of the coupler pistons 57, 63 is provided or that both coupler pistons 57, 63 form an integral component.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftstoffinjektor nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiger Kraftstoffinjektor ist aus der DE 10 2008 054 421 A1 der Anmelderin bekannt. Der bekannte Kraftstoffinjektor umfasst dabei einen mit einem Piezoaktor verbundenen Geberkolben, der in eine Bohrung eines Nehmerkolbens eintauscht. Der Nehmerkolben seinerseits ist in einem Injektorgehäuse axial gleitend bewegbar. Die aus dem Geberkolben und dem Nehmerkolben gebildete Einheit stellt einen ersten hydraulischen Koppler dar, der bei einer Bestromung des Piezoaktors ein Öffnen einer an einem Ventilsitz anliegenden Düsennadel bewirkt. Weiterhin ist es in der genannten Schrift offenbart, an der Düsennadel einen Drosselkanal auszubilden, der im Hochdruckbereich des Injektorkörpers eine Druckdifferenz in den ober- bzw. unterhalb des Drosselkanals angeordneten Teilräumen des Hochdruckbereichs bewirkt, so dass die Düsennadel hydraulisch in Schließrichtung belastet wird. Daher genügen bei dem bekannten Kraftstoffinjektor relativ geringe Kräfte des Aktors, um ein Öffnen und Schließen der Düsennadel zu bewirken. Nachteilig dabei ist, dass diese Schließkraft durch einen hohen Druckabfall am Drosselkanal erzeugt wird, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad des Injektors verringert wird. Ein weiterer Kraftstoffinjektor mit hydraulischem Koppler ist aus DE 103 33 573 B3 bekannt.Such a fuel injector is from the DE 10 2008 054 421 A1 the applicant known. The known fuel injector in this case comprises a transmitter piston connected to a piezoelectric actuator, which exchanges into a bore of a slave piston. The slave piston in turn is axially slidably movable in an injector. The unit formed from the master piston and the slave piston represents a first hydraulic coupler, which causes an opening of a voltage applied to a valve seat nozzle needle when energizing the piezoelectric actuator. Furthermore, it is disclosed in the cited document to form a throttle channel on the nozzle needle, which causes a pressure difference in the upper or below the throttle channel arranged subspaces of the high pressure area in the high pressure region of the injector, so that the nozzle needle is hydraulically loaded in the closing direction. Therefore, in the known fuel injector, relatively small forces of the actuator are sufficient to cause opening and closing of the nozzle needle. The disadvantage here is that this closing force is generated by a high pressure drop at the throttle channel, whereby the efficiency of the injector is reduced. Another fuel injector with hydraulic coupler is off DE 103 33 573 B3 known.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Ausgehend von dem dargestellten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kraftstoffinjektor nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 derart weiterzubilden, dass sowohl Öffnungs- als auch Schließkräfte vom Aktor an die Düsennadel übertragen werden und damit ein Kraftstoffinjektor mit einem relativ einfach bzw. klein bauenden Piezoaktor erzielt werden kann. Zudem soll ein geringer Druckverlust und somit ein möglichst hoher Wirkungsgrad erzielt werden.Based on the illustrated prior art, the invention has the object, a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1 such that both opening and closing forces are transmitted from the actuator to the nozzle needle and thus a fuel injector with a relatively simple or small-sized piezoelectric actuator can be achieved. In addition, a low pressure drop and thus the highest possible efficiency should be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Kraftstoffinjektor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Der Erfindung liegt dabei die Idee zugrunde, den Kraftstoffinjektor mit zwei hydraulischen Kopplern auszustatten, wovon der eine hydraulische Koppler für das Öffnen der Düsennadel zuständig ist, während der andere hydraulische Koppler den Schließvorgang unterstützt.This object is achieved with a fuel injector having the features of claim 1. The invention is based on the idea to equip the fuel injector with two hydraulic couplers, of which a hydraulic coupler is responsible for opening the nozzle needle, while the other hydraulic coupler supports the closing process.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the fuel injector according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass die beiden hydraulischen Koppler die gleiche Wegübersetzung aufweisen. Dadurch werden bezüglich des Öffnungshubes und des Schließhubes gleiche Verhältnisse geschaffen, so dass der Drosselverlust an einer Schließdrossel reduziert werden kann, und die notwendige Aktorgröße zum Erreichen des erforderlichen Düsennadelhubes reduziert werden kann.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the two hydraulic couplers have the same path ratio. As a result, the same conditions are created with respect to the opening stroke and the closing stroke, so that the throttle loss can be reduced at a closing throttle, and the necessary actuator size can be reduced to achieve the required Düsennadelhubes.

In einer bevorzugten konstruktiven Ausgestaltung, die einen relativ geringen Raumbedarf benötigt, ist es vorgesehen, dass die Düsennadel mit einer Kopplerkolbenanordnung verbunden ist und dass die Kopplerkolbenanordnung mit einem ersten Kopplerraum zur Erzeugung der Öffnungskraft und einem zweiten Kopplerraum zur Erzeugung der Schließkraft für die Düsennadel zusammenwirkt.In a preferred structural design, which requires a relatively small space requirement, it is provided that the nozzle needle is connected to a Kopplerkolbenanordnung and that the Kopplerkolbenanordnung cooperates with a first coupler space for generating the opening force and a second coupler space for generating the closing force for the nozzle needle.

Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Kopplerkolbenanordnung zwei an einer Berührfläche aneinander anliegende Kopplerkolben umfasst und dass die beiden der Berührfläche abgewandten Stirnseiten der Kopplerkolben die beiden Kopplerräume begrenzen. Eine derartige Ausbildung bzw. Anordnung der Kopplerkolben hat den Vorteil, dass bei der (gleichzeitigen) Bewegung der Kopplerkolben keine Verspannungen in der Kopplerkolbenanordnung auftreten können, wie sie ansonsten aufgrund von Lagetoleranzen der Bauteile sehr leicht in Erscheinung treten. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht eine derartige Anordnung die Verwendung zweier Kopplerkörper, so dass sich ein konstruktiv relativ einfacher Aufbau verwirklichen lässt.In this case, an embodiment in which the coupler piston arrangement comprises two coupler pistons abutting one another at a contact surface and that the two end faces of the coupler pistons facing away from the contact surface delimit the two coupler spaces is particularly preferred. Such a configuration or arrangement of the coupler piston has the advantage that during the (simultaneous) movement the coupler piston no tension can occur in the coupler piston assembly, as they otherwise appear very easily due to positional tolerances of the components. In addition, such an arrangement allows the use of two coupler bodies, so that a constructively relatively simple structure can be realized.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist weiterhin eine Ausführungsform, bei der eine Verbindungsbohrung zwischen zwei Kopplerräumen als Drossel zur Bewegungsbeeinflussung der Düsennadel ausgebildet ist. Dadurch lässt sich die Bewegungscharakteristik der Öffnungsbewegung der Düsennadel relativ einfach den jeweils erforderlichen Randbedingungen anpassen.Also particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which a connecting bore between two coupler spaces is designed as a throttle for influencing the movement of the nozzle needle. As a result, the movement characteristic of the opening movement of the nozzle needle can be adjusted relatively easily to the respectively required boundary conditions.

Eine bevorzugte konstruktive Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass ein dritter Kopplerraum von einer Abschlussplatte verschlossen ist, die von der Federkraft einer Vorspannfeder gegen eine Stirnfläche des Kopplerkörpers gedrückt ist. Eine derartige Ausbildung ermöglicht einen relativ einfachen Aufbau und eine relativ einfache Montage der Bauteile des Injektors.A preferred constructive development of the invention provides that a third coupler space is closed by a closure plate which is pressed by the spring force of a biasing spring against an end face of the coupler body. Such a design allows a relatively simple construction and a relatively simple assembly of the components of the injector.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass die Düsennadel im Hochdruckraum eine Drosseleinrichtung zur Bewegungsbeeinflussung der Düsennadel ausgebildet. Eine derartige Ausbildung ermöglicht in relativ einfacher Art und Weise eine Beeinflussung der Bewegung der Düsennadel.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the nozzle needle formed in the high-pressure chamber, a throttle device for influencing the movement of the nozzle needle. Such a design allows influencing the movement of the nozzle needle in a relatively simple manner.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung.Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing.

Diese zeigt in der einzigen Figur einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektor in teilweise vereinfachter Darstellung.This shows in the single figure a longitudinal section through a fuel injector according to the invention in a partially simplified representation.

In der einzigen Figur ist ein erfindungsgemäßer Injektor 10 dargestellt, wie er insbesondere als Bestandteil eines sogenannten Common-Rail-Einspritzsystems zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in einen nicht dargestellten Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine dient. Hierbei weist der Injektor 10 ein mehrteilig ausgebildetes Injektorgehäuse 11 auf. Das Injektorgehäuse 11 umfasst beispielhaft auf der dem Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine abgewandten Seite einen Gehäusedeckel 12, der mit einem hülsenförmigen Gehäusemittelteil 13 verbunden ist. An das Gehäusemittelteil 13 schließen sich in axialer Richtung des Injektorgehäuses 11 ein erster, plattenartiger Kopplerkörper 14 und ein zweiter, ebenfalls plattenförmiger Kopplerkörper 15 an. An den zweiten Kopplerkörper 15 schließt sich wiederum auf der dem ersten Kopplerkörper 14 gegenüberliegenden Seite ein Injektorbodenteil 16 an.In the single figure, an inventive injector 10 is shown, as it serves in particular as part of a so-called common-rail injection system for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine. Here, the injector 10 is a multi-part trained Injector 11 on. The injector housing 11 comprises by way of example on the side facing away from the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine a housing cover 12 which is connected to a sleeve-shaped housing middle part 13. A first, plate-like coupler body 14 and a second, likewise plate-shaped coupler body 15 adjoin the housing middle part 13 in the axial direction of the injector housing 11. An injector base part 16 in turn adjoins the second coupler body 15 on the side opposite the first coupler body 14.

In dem Injektorbodenteil 16 ist eine Ausnehmung 17 ausgebildet, die einen Hochdruckraum 18 des Injektors 10 begrenzt. Hierzu ist der Hochdruckraum 18 mittels eines durch die beiden Kopplerkörper 14, 15, das Gehäusemittelteil 13 und den Gehäusedeckel 12 ausgebildeten Zuströmkanal 19 mit einer Druckquelle 20, insbesondere dem sogenannten Rail, verbunden.In the Injektorbodenteil 16, a recess 17 is formed, which limits a high-pressure chamber 18 of the injector 10. For this purpose, the high-pressure chamber 18 is connected to a pressure source 20, in particular the so-called rail, by means of an inflow channel 19 formed by the two coupler bodies 14, 15, the middle section 13 and the housing cover 12.

Am Grund der Ausnehmung 17 bildet eine Düsennadel 22 zusammen mit dem Injektorbodenteil 16 einen Dichtsitz 23 aus, der in einer Schließstellung der Düsennadel 22 vorzugsweise mehrere Durchgangsöffnungen 24 verschließt, über die bei geöffneter Düsennadel 22 unter Hochdruck stehender Kraftstoff in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird.At the bottom of the recess 17 forms a nozzle needle 22 together with the Injektorbodenteil 16 a sealing seat 23, which preferably closes a plurality of through holes 24 in a closed position of the nozzle needle 22, is injected through the open nozzle needle 22 at high pressure fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Die Düsennadel 22 ist in der Ausnehmung 17 in einem Lagerkörper 25 geführt, wobei zwischen dem Lagerkörper 25 und der Düsennadel 22 eine Strömungsverbindung ausgebildet ist. Oberhalb des Lagerkörpers 25 weist die Düsennadel 22 eine Drosselstelle 27 in Form einer Drosselplatte 28 auf. Mittels der Drosselstelle 27 bzw. der Drosselplatte 28 lässt sich die Bewegung der Düsennadel 22 zusätzlich beeinflussen bzw. steuern.The nozzle needle 22 is guided in the recess 17 in a bearing body 25, wherein between the bearing body 25 and the nozzle needle 22, a flow connection is formed. Above the bearing body 25, the nozzle needle 22 has a throttle point 27 in the form of a throttle plate 28. By means of the throttle point 27 and the throttle plate 28, the movement of the nozzle needle 22 can additionally influence or control.

Die Düsennadel 22 weist weiterhin einen Bund 30 auf, an dem sich eine Düsenschließfeder 31 abstützt. Die andere Seite der Düsenschließfeder 31 stützt sich an der Unterseite des zweiten Kopplerkörpers 15 ab.The nozzle needle 22 also has a collar 30, on which a nozzle closing spring 31 is supported. The other side of the nozzle closing spring 31 is supported on the underside of the second coupler body 15.

Die Düsennadel 22 ist mit dem Schaft 32 eines Verbindungskolbens 33 verbunden. Der Schaft 32 ist in einer Dichthülse 35 gleitend geführt, die an der Unterseite des zweiten Kopplerkörpers 15 dicht anliegt und somit den zweiten Kopplerkörper 15 gegenüber dem Hochdruckraum 18 abdichtet bzw. von diesem trennt. An der der Dichthülse 35 zugewandten Stirnfläche des zweiten Kopplerkörpers 15 weist dieser im Bereich des Schaftes 32 einen Ringraum 36 auf, der über eine Ablaufbohrung 37 mit einer Ausnehmung 39 des Gehäusemittelteils 13 verbunden ist. Über den Ringraum 36 kann über die Dichthülse 35 eintretender, unter Hochdruck stehender Kraftstoff in eine Ausnehmung 39 abströmen. Die Ausnehmung 39 bildet einen Niederdruckbereich 40 des Injektors 10 aus, der über eine Rücklaufbohrung 41 mit einem Kraftstoffrücklauf des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems verbunden ist.The nozzle needle 22 is connected to the shaft 32 of a connecting piston 33. The shaft 32 is slidably guided in a sealing sleeve 35, which bears tightly against the underside of the second coupler body 15 and thus the second coupler body 15 seals against the high-pressure chamber 18 and separates from this. At the end face of the second coupler body 15 facing the sealing sleeve 35, the latter has, in the region of the shank 32, an annular space 36 which is connected to a recess 39 of the housing middle part 13 via a drainage bore 37. About the annular space 36 can enter via the sealing sleeve 35 entering, standing at high pressure fuel into a recess 39. The recess 39 forms a low-pressure region 40 of the injector 10, which is connected via a return bore 41 with a fuel return of the fuel injection system.

In der Ausnehmung 39 des Injektorgehäuses 11, d.h. im Niederdruckbereich 40, ist ein Aktor zur Betätigung der Düsennadel 22 in Form eines Piezoaktors 44 angeordnet. Der Piezoaktor 44 weist Anschlusskabel 45 auf, über die der Piezoaktor 44 elektrisch ansteuerbar ist. Hierbei ist die Auslegung des Piezoaktors 44 derart, dass dieser in unbestromtem Zustand seine in Längsrichtung des Injektors 10 betrachtet geringste Länge aufweist und sich bei einer Bestromung in Axialrichtung des Injektors 10 ausdehnt.In the recess 39 of the injector housing 11, i. in the low-pressure region 40, an actuator for actuating the nozzle needle 22 in the form of a piezoelectric actuator 44 is arranged. The piezoelectric actuator 44 has connection cables 45, via which the piezoactuator 44 can be electrically controlled. In this case, the design of the piezoactuator 44 is such that, in the de-energized state, it has its smallest length considered in the longitudinal direction of the injector 10 and expands when energized in the axial direction of the injector 10.

In dem ersten Kopplerkörper 14 ist auf der der Ausnehmung 39 zugewandten Seite eine zylindrisch ausgebildete Führungsbohrung 46 für einen Geberkolben 47 ausgebildet, der Teil eines ersten hydraulischen Kopplers ist. Der Geberkolben 47 ist über eine Verbindungsstange 48 mit einer Abstützplatte 49 verbunden, auf der der Piezoaktor 44 angeordnet ist. Die Führungsbohrung 46 ist mit einer Abschlussplatte 52 dicht verschlossen, wobei die Abschlussplatte 52 eine Durchgangsbohrung 53 für die Verbindungsstange 48 aufweist.In the first coupler body 14 is on the recess 39 side facing a cylindrically shaped guide bore 46 is formed for a master piston 47, which is part of a first hydraulic coupler. The master piston 47 is connected via a connecting rod 48 with a support plate 49 on which the piezoelectric actuator 44 is arranged. The guide bore 46 is sealed with a closure plate 52, wherein the end plate 52 has a through hole 53 for the connecting rod 48.

Zwischen der Abschlussplatte 52 und der Abstützplatte 49 stützt sich eine Vorspannfeder 55 ab, die zum einen die Abschlussplatte 52 gegen die ihr zugeordnete Stirnseite des ersten Kopplerkörpers 14, und andererseits die Abstützplatte 48 zusammen mit dem Piezoaktor 44 gegen den Gehäusedeckel 12 mit Druckkraft beaufschlagt.Between the end plate 52 and the support plate 49, a biasing spring 55 is supported, on the one hand the end plate 52 against the associated end face of the first coupler body 14, and on the other hand, the support plate 48 together with the piezoelectric actuator 44 against the housing cover 12 with compressive force.

Der Schaft 32 des Verbindungskolbens 33 ist auf der der Düsennadel 22 gegenüberliegenden Seite mit einem Nehmerkolben 57 wirkverbunden. Der Nehmerkolben 57 ist in einer Führungsbohrung 58 gleitend geführt, die in dem zweiten Kopplerkörper 15 auf der dem ersten Kopperkörper 14 zugewandten Seite ausgebildet ist. Der erste Kopplerkörper 14 weist wiederum eine Führungsbohrung 59 mit gegenüber der Führungsbohrung 58 reduziertem Durchmesser auf, wobei die beiden Führungsbohrungen 58, 59 koaxial zueinander ausgerichtet sind.The shaft 32 of the connecting piston 33 is operatively connected on the opposite side of the nozzle needle 22 with a slave piston 57. The slave piston 57 is slidably guided in a guide bore 58, which in the second Coupler body 15 is formed on the first body of the body 14 facing side. The first coupler body 14 in turn has a guide bore 59 with respect to the guide bore 58 of reduced diameter, wherein the two guide bores 58, 59 are aligned coaxially with each other.

Die Führungsbohrung 58 bildet auf der der Düsennadel 22 zugewandten Seite unterhalb des Nehmerkolbens 57 einen ersten Kopplerraum 61 aus. Der Nehmerkolben 57 ist Bestandteil einer Kopplerkolbenanordnung 62 eines zweiten hydraulischen Kopplers, die neben dem Nehmerkolben 57 einen weiteren Kopplerkolben 63 umfasst, der in der Führungsbohrung 59 gleitend geführt ist und mit seiner dem Nehmerkolben 57 zugewandten Stirnfläche an der Stirnfläche des Nehmerkolbens 57 anliegt. Der weitere Kopplerkolben 63 begrenzt auf der dem Nehmerkolben 57 abgewandten Seite einen von der Führungsbohrung 59 ausgebildeten zweiten Kopplerraum 65.The guide bore 58 forms a first coupler space 61 on the side facing the nozzle needle 22 below the slave piston 57. The slave piston 57 is part of a coupler piston assembly 62 of a second hydraulic coupler, which comprises a further coupler piston 63 in addition to the slave piston 57, which is slidably guided in the guide bore 59 and abuts with its the slave piston 57 facing end face on the end face of the slave piston 57. The further coupler piston 63 delimits on the side facing away from the slave piston 57 a second coupler space 65 formed by the guide bore 59.

Der zweite Kopplerraum 65 ist über einen Verbindungskanal 66 mit einem dritten Kopplerraum 67 verbunden, der von der Führungsbohrung 46, der Abschlussplatte 52 und der Oberseite des Geberkolbens 47 begrenzt ist. Zwischen der Unterseite des Geberkolbens 47 und der Führungsbohrung 46 ist ein vierter Kopplerraum 69 ausgebildet, der über einen Verbindungskanal 71 mit dem ersten Kopplerraum 61 gekoppelt ist. Der Verbindungskanal 71 kann hierbei zur Beeinflussung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit der Düsennadel 22 als Drossel ausgebildet sein.The second coupler space 65 is connected via a connecting channel 66 to a third coupler space 67, which is bounded by the guide bore 46, the end plate 52 and the top of the master piston 47. Between the underside of the master piston 47 and the guide bore 46, a fourth coupler space 69 is formed, which is coupled via a connecting channel 71 with the first coupler space 61. The connecting channel 71 may in this case be designed to influence the speed of movement of the nozzle needle 22 as a throttle.

Bevorzugt ist eine geometrische Ausbildung, bei der das Flächenverhältnis zwischen dem vierten Kopplerraum 69 und dem ersten Kopplerraum 61 gleich groß ist wie das Verhältnis zwischen dem dritten Kopplerraum 67 und dem zweiten Kopplerraum 65.Preferred is a geometric design in which the area ratio between the fourth coupler space 69 and the first coupler space 61 is the same size as the ratio between the third coupler space 67 and the second coupler space 65th

Die Funktionsweise des soweit beschriebenen Injektors 10 ist wie folgt: In der in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Schließstellung der Düsennadel 22 ist der Piezoaktor 44 unbestromt. Zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine muss die Düsennadel 22 von ihrem Dichtsitz 23 abheben, um die Durchgangsöffnungen 24 freizugeben. Hierzu wird der Piezoaktor 44 bestromt bzw. aufgeladen. Die Bestromung des Piezoaktors 44 hat zur Folge, dass sich dieser in Axialrichtung ausdehnt. Durch die Kopplung des Piezoaktors 44 über die Verbindungsstange 48 mit dem Geberkolben 47 wird dieser entgegen der Federkraft der Vorspannfeder 55 in die Führungsbohrung 46 eingeschoben. Dadurch wird im vierten Kopplerraum 69 befindlicher Kraftstoff über den Verbindungskanal 71 in den ersten Kopplerraum 61 verdrängt, so dass eine Öffnungskraft entgegen der Kraft der Düsenschließfeder 31 auf den Nehmerkolben 57 erzeugt wird. Dabei wird gleichzeitig aus dem zweiten Kopplerraum 65 Kraftstoff über den Verbindungskanal 66 in den dritten Kopplerraum 67 verdrängt. Zum Schließen der Ventilnadel 22 wird der Piezoaktor 44 entladen. Dadurch verringert sich die Länge des Piezoaktors 44, so dass dieser unter Federkraft der Vorspannfeder 55 zusammen mit der Abstützplatte 49 in Richtung des Gehäusedeckels 12 bewegt wird. Die Abstützplatte 49 nimmt dabei über die Verbindungsstange 48 den Geberkolben 47 mit, so dass aus dem dritten Kopplerraum 67 Kraftstoff über den Verbindungskanal 66 in den zweiten Kopplerraum 65 verdrängt wird. Der in dem zweiten Kopplerraum 65 dadurch ansteigende Kraftstoffdruck bewirkt eine Bewegung der Kopplerkolbenanordnung 62 in Schließrichtung der Düsennadel 22. Hierbei wird aus dem ersten Kopplerraum 61 Kraftstoff über den Verbindungskanal 71 in den vierten Kopplerraum 69 verdrängt.The operation of the injector 10 described so far is as follows: In the in the Fig. 1 illustrated closed position of the nozzle needle 22, the piezoelectric actuator 44 is de-energized. For injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the nozzle needle 22 must lift off from its sealing seat 23 in order to release the passage openings 24. For this purpose, the piezoelectric actuator 44 is energized or charged. The energization of the piezoelectric actuator 44 has the consequence that this expands in the axial direction. By coupling the piezoelectric actuator 44 via the connecting rod 48 with the master piston 47 this is inserted against the spring force of the biasing spring 55 in the guide bore 46. As a result, fuel located in the fourth coupler space 69 is displaced via the connecting channel 71 into the first coupler space 61, so that an opening force is generated against the force of the nozzle closing spring 31 on the slave piston 57. At the same time, fuel is displaced from the second coupler space 65 via the connecting channel 66 into the third coupler space 67. To close the valve needle 22, the piezoelectric actuator 44 is discharged. This reduces the length of the piezoelectric actuator 44, so that it is moved under spring force of the biasing spring 55 together with the support plate 49 in the direction of the housing cover 12. The support plate 49 takes on the connecting rod 48 with the master piston 47, so that from the third coupler space 67 fuel is displaced via the connecting channel 66 into the second coupler space 65. The rising in the second coupler space 65 fuel pressure causes movement of the coupler piston assembly 62 in the closing direction of the nozzle needle 22. In this case, 61 fuel is displaced from the first coupler space via the connecting channel 71 in the fourth coupler 69.

Der Durchmesser des Kolbens 32 und der Durchmesser des Dichtsitzes 23 sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die Ventilnadel 22 in ihrer Schließstellung zumindest näherungsweise kraftausgeglichen ist. Dies bedeutet, dass sich die hydraulischen Kräfte auf die Ventilnadel 22 in Bewegungsrichtung der Ventilnadel 22 gesehen ganz oder zumindest näherungsweise aufheben und die Ventilnadel 22 mit verhältnismäßig geringen Kräften und somit rasch im Hochdruckraum 18 bewegt werden kann.The diameter of the piston 32 and the diameter of the sealing seat 23 are matched to one another such that the valve needle 22 is at least approximately force-balanced in its closed position. This means that the hydraulic forces on the valve needle 22 as seen in the direction of movement of the valve needle 22 cancel out completely or at least approximately and the valve needle 22 can be moved with relatively low forces and thus rapidly in the high-pressure chamber 18.

Der soweit beschriebene Injektor 10 kann in vielfältiger Art und Weise abgewandelt bzw. modifiziert werden, soweit dieses vom beanspruchten Gegenstand gerechtfertigt wird. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass der zweite Kopplerkörper 15 und die Dichthülse 35 auch zusammenhängend, d.h. als einteiliges Bauteil ausgebildet sein können. Auch kann es vorgesehen sein, dass lediglich einer der Kopplerkolben 57, 63 vorgesehen ist oder dass beide Kopplerkolben 57, 63 ein einstückiges Bauteil ausbilden.The injector 10 described so far can be modified or modified in many ways, as far as this is justified by the claimed subject matter. Thus, for example, it is possible for the second coupler body 15 and the sealing sleeve 35 to also be continuous, i. can be formed as a one-piece component. It can also be provided that only one of the coupler pistons 57, 63 is provided or that both coupler pistons 57, 63 form an integral component.

Claims (10)

  1. Fuel injector (10), having a low-pressure region (40) which is formed in an injector housing (11) and in which there is arranged an actuator (44) in particular in the form of a piezo actuator, wherein the actuator (44) interacts with a first hydraulic coupler which has a master piston (47), wherein the master piston (47) is coupled at least indirectly to a nozzle needle (22), wherein the master piston (47) causes the nozzle needle (22) to be lifted off from a sealing seat (23) when the actuator (44) is charged, and wherein the nozzle needle (22) is arranged in a high-pressure chamber (18) of the injector housing (11), wherein a second hydraulic coupler with at least one coupler piston (57, 63) is provided, which generates a closing force on the nozzle needle (22) when the actuator (44) is discharged,
    characterized in that
    the at least one coupler piston (63) of the second hydraulic coupler is arranged so as to be operatively connected to the low-pressure region (40) of the injector housing (11).
  2. Fuel injector according to Claim 1,
    characterized
    in that the two hydraulic couplers have the same travel transmission ratio.
  3. Fuel injector according to either of Claims 1 and 2,
    characterized
    in that the nozzle needle (22) is connected to a coupler piston arrangement (62), and in that the coupler piston arrangement (62) interacts with a first coupler chamber (61) in order to generate the opening force and with a second coupler chamber (65) in order to generate the closing force for the nozzle needle (22).
  4. Fuel injector according to Claim 3,
    characterized
    in that the coupler piston arrangement (62) comprises two coupler pistons (57, 63) which bear against one another at a contact surface, and in that those two face sides of the coupler pistons (57, 63) which face away from the contact surface delimit the two coupler chambers (61, 65).
  5. Fuel injector according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized
    in that the master piston (47) and the at least one coupler piston (57, 63) are arranged in at least one coupler body (14, 15), wherein the at least one coupler body (14, 15) separates the low-pressure region (40) from the high-pressure chamber (18) of the injector housing (11).
  6. Fuel injector according to Claim 3 or 4,
    characterized
    in that the master piston (47) is guided in sliding fashion in a bore (46) of a coupler body (14), in that the two opposite face sides of the master piston (47) delimit a third coupler chamber (67) and a fourth coupler chamber (69), wherein the third coupler chamber (67) is connected by means of a first connecting duct (66) to the second coupler chamber (65) for the purposes of generating the closing force for the nozzle needle (22) and the fourth coupler chamber (69) is connected by means of a second connecting duct (71) to the first coupler chamber (61) for the purposes of generating the opening force for the nozzle needle (22).
  7. Fuel injector according to Claim 6,
    characterized
    in that at least one of the two connecting ducts (66, 71) is in the form of a throttle for influencing the movement of the nozzle needle (22).
  8. Fuel injector according to Claim 6 or 7,
    characterized
    in that the third coupler chamber (67) is closed off by means of a closure plate (52) which is forced against a face surface of the coupler body (14) by the spring force of a preload spring (55).
  9. Fuel injector according to Claim 8,
    characterized
    in that the preload spring (55) is, on that side of the master piston (47) which is situated opposite the closure plate (52), supported on a support plate (49) which is connected to the master piston (47) and which forces the master piston (47) together with the actuator (44) in a closing direction for the nozzle needle (22).
  10. Fuel injector according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized
    in that the nozzle needle (22) has, in the high-pressure chamber (18), a throttle device (28) for influencing the movement of the nozzle needle (22).
EP11807956.5A 2011-02-01 2011-12-30 Fuel injector Not-in-force EP2670970B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110003443 DE102011003443A1 (en) 2011-02-01 2011-02-01 fuel injector
PCT/EP2011/074322 WO2012104000A1 (en) 2011-02-01 2011-12-30 Fuel injector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2670970A1 EP2670970A1 (en) 2013-12-11
EP2670970B1 true EP2670970B1 (en) 2017-05-31

Family

ID=45476503

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11807956.5A Not-in-force EP2670970B1 (en) 2011-02-01 2011-12-30 Fuel injector

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2670970B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103339366B (en)
DE (1) DE102011003443A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012104000A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012212614A1 (en) 2012-07-18 2014-01-23 Continental Automotive Gmbh Piezo injector with hydraulically coupled nozzle needle movement
DE102012222509A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Continental Automotive Gmbh piezoinjector
DE102012223934B4 (en) 2012-12-20 2015-10-15 Continental Automotive Gmbh piezoinjector
DE102014206975A1 (en) 2014-04-10 2015-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector
DE102014206969A1 (en) 2014-04-10 2015-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector
DE102014206971A1 (en) 2014-04-10 2015-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector
DE102014210101A1 (en) 2014-05-27 2015-12-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector

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JP2004176656A (en) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-24 Denso Corp Fuel injection valve
DE10333698A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-02-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection device for combustion engine has injection valve, control valve operated by actuator via hydraulic coupler with filling chamber in central longitudinal region of piston(s) connected to fuel passages and line
DE10333573B3 (en) * 2003-07-24 2004-11-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection arrangement has hydraulic coupler piston(s) with central fill volume connected to guide gap and to fuel feed line, one piston fixed to actuator and one to valve needle via piston rod
DE102006026400A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2007-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector with servo assistance
DE502007002482D1 (en) * 2007-03-15 2010-02-11 Ford Global Tech Llc injector
JP2009019565A (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-29 Toyota Motor Corp Fuel injection device
DE102007032741A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines
DE102008054421A1 (en) 2008-12-09 2010-06-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector for use in motor vehicle, has bar including actuator-side end that extends into low pressure range and is hydraulically coupled with actuator, where circular seat is provided at input side of injection nozzle

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103339366B (en) 2016-11-09
DE102011003443A1 (en) 2012-08-02
CN103339366A (en) 2013-10-02
EP2670970A1 (en) 2013-12-11
WO2012104000A1 (en) 2012-08-09

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