EP2029859B1 - Freikolbenvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer freikolbenvorrichtung - Google Patents

Freikolbenvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer freikolbenvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2029859B1
EP2029859B1 EP07730207.3A EP07730207A EP2029859B1 EP 2029859 B1 EP2029859 B1 EP 2029859B1 EP 07730207 A EP07730207 A EP 07730207A EP 2029859 B1 EP2029859 B1 EP 2029859B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
gas
space
free
piston device
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EP07730207.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2029859A1 (de
Inventor
Sven-Erik Pohl
Cornelius Ferrari
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UMC Universal Motor Corp GmbH
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UMC Universal Motor Corp GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/007—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in only one direction is obtained by a single acting piston motor, e.g. with actuation in the other direction by spring means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a free-piston device comprising at least one piston receptacle in which at least one piston device is arranged to be linearly movable, wherein the at least one piston device is drivable under the action of a medium which expands in an expansion space, and wherein the at least one piston receptacle has a resilience space in which a compressible gas is received for exerting a restoring force on the at least one piston device, and at least one actuator for controlling and / or regulating the restoring force, which is arranged on the resilience space, wherein the restoring force in the operation of the free-piston device controllable and / or regulated is.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a free-piston device, wherein at least one piston device, which is guided linearly movable in at least one piston seat, under the action of a medium which expands in an expansion space, is driven, and in which at least one piston device by a compressible gas which is received in a resilience space of the at least one piston seat, a restoring force is exerted.
  • a free-piston device for example, chemical energy via combustion can be partially converted into mechanical energy, namely kinetic energy of a piston device, and this mechanical energy is released then in turn at least partially convert into electrical energy via a linear drive.
  • the piston movement as a free-piston movement, it is possible to realize a pure linear mobility of the pistons without having to provide a crankshaft.
  • Corresponding devices can be used, for example, as part of hybrid drives for motor vehicles and in particular in connection with serial hybrid concepts. They can also be used as a compact power generation unit for the generation of electricity or in connection with stationary application such as cogeneration units.
  • Free piston devices are for example from the GB 854 255 and the DE 22 17 194 C3 known.
  • Combustion devices with electric generators are also known from the US 6,199,519 B1 , of the DE 31 03 432 A1 , the DDR patent no. 113 593 , of the DE 43 44 915 A1 or from the article "Advanced Internal Combustion Engine Research” by P. van Blarigan, Proceedings of the 2000 DOE Hydrogen Program Review.
  • a free piston device with electric linear drive which comprises at least one piston receptacle with at least one in the piston receiving linearly movable piston device, wherein the piston device comprises a rotor device and on the piston receiving a stator device is arranged.
  • the at least one piston device is under the action of a medium, which in a Expansionsraum expands, driven, the piston stroke on the linear drive is variably adjustable so that the dead centers of movement of the piston device can be defined.
  • a free piston device in which a first displacement space in which a piston is movable in the at least one piston device on which the medium acts, and a second displacement space in which the associated rotor device is movable, are separate spaces.
  • a free piston device with electric linear drive is from the DE 10 2004 062 440 B4 known.
  • the free piston device has a Resilience space in which a gas is absorbed.
  • At least one pressure sensor is provided on the resilience space with which the position and / or the speed of the piston device can be determined by measuring the pressure of the gas in the resilience space.
  • a control and / or regulation of the free-piston device can thus be carried out, for example with regard to the injection of fuel into the expansion space, the ignition point of fuel in an expansion space and / or valves arranged on the expansion space.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a free-piston device of the type mentioned, in which the free-piston device, in particular the movement of the at least one piston means in the at least one piston seat, in a simple manner is tunable.
  • At least one actuator is formed as a the spring back space delimiting wall portion and that the wall portion is formed by a piston surface of a control piston.
  • the gas received in the resilience space can at least partially absorb mechanical energy from the (at least one) piston device by being compressed by it. Conversely, by expansion, it can deliver energy to the at least one piston device and thereby provides, via the provisioned restoring force, for a return of the at least one piston device. Both during compression by the at least one piston device and during expansion, the gas taken up in the resilience space exerts a force on the piston device due to its own gas pressure. The force counteracts the compression by the piston device.
  • the resilience space with the gas received therein thus has resilient properties and in particular forms a gas spring, wherein the restoring force is determined by the resilient properties of the resilience space. These are essentially determined by the way in which the gas is compressible by the piston device.
  • the return spring arranged actuator By means of the return spring arranged actuator, it is possible to control the restoring force emanating from the resilience space and / or to regulate. In this way, by means of the actuator influence can be taken as the gas in the resilience space is compressible by the piston device. As a result, the piston device can be influenced in its movement by adjusting the resilient properties of the resilience space. This makes it possible to tune the free-piston device in a simple manner. It is thereby possible to set an optimum operating point for the free-piston device, in which, for example, the fuel requirement and / or the pollutant emissions is minimized. It is also conceivable to adapt the free-piston device to different fuels.
  • the at least one actuator can be designed in many ways, conceivable, for example, piston devices, flaps, control pins or the like.
  • the actuator may be self-controlled and / or regulated, for example by means of a control and / or regulating device.
  • the restoring force during operation of the free-piston device can be controlled and / or regulated.
  • the free piston device is in Operation tunable.
  • the control and / or regulation takes place according to a predetermined schedule.
  • Such a flowchart may be deposited, for example, in a control and / or regulating device. It is also possible that during operation of the free piston device one or more parameters are detected on the current operating state of the free piston device, based on the control and / or regulation of the restoring force.
  • the at least one actuator is movable. This makes it possible to perform the control and / or regulation of the restoring force in a structurally simple manner.
  • the at least one actuator displaces the gas absorbed in the resilience space by its movement.
  • the at least one actuator is detectably movable, because this simplifies a need-based control and / or regulation of the restoring force.
  • the at least one actuator can be established if no change in the restoring force is to take place. This also allows a control and / or regulation in several and / or different sized steps.
  • the at least one actuator is displaceable.
  • the displacement direction of the at least one actuator is parallel to the direction of movement of the at least one piston device.
  • the drive is assigned to the at least one actuator for movement. This makes it possible to precisely move and position the at least one actuator by means of the drive.
  • the drive may be a mechanical and / or pneumatic and / or hydraulic and / or electric drive.
  • the drive is controllable. This gives the possibility to provide the drive from outside a signal and to effect a defined movement of the at least one actuator.
  • a control and / or regulating device may be provided for controlling the drive.
  • the control and / or regulating device can control the drive, for example, according to a predetermined schedule or as a function of a signal supplied from the outside to the control and / or regulating device.
  • At least one actuator is designed as a springback bounding wall portion. This is a simple and robust way to form an actuator.
  • the limiting wall section may in this case be arranged on the piston receptacle, that is to say for example on a wall region of the piston receptacle. In particular, however, it is possible for the limiting wall section to be arranged in the interior of the at least one piston receptacle.
  • the wall portion is formed by a piston surface.
  • a trained in this way wall section and thus also an actuator formed in this way has particularly favorable properties.
  • the piston surface is preferably formed by a surface of a control piston, which is arranged in the piston receiving movable and in particular displaceable.
  • the resilience space of the piston receptacle can be arranged between the piston surface and the piston device. This makes it possible to vary the gas volume in the resilience space (for example, based on a minimum gas volume or a maximum gas volume) by means of the control piston and in this way to change the resilient properties of the resilience space and thereby the restoring force.
  • the direction of movement of the piston device and the direction of displacement of the control piston can run parallel to one another and, for example, parallel to an axis of symmetry of the piston receptacle.
  • At least one position sensor which cooperates with the at least one actuator. In this way, information about the position of the at least one actuator can be detected. It can be provided that the position sensor is arranged on the piston receptacle. It is also conceivable that it is located directly on the actuator. For example, the position sensor can be formed as an optical or mechanical sensor.
  • the at least one position sensor is designed such that the position of the at least one actuator relative to the at least one Piston receptacle is detected. This allows in particular to control the position of the actuator relative to the piston receiving. Since the piston receptacle comprises the resilience space, the position of the actuator with respect to the resilience space is controllable in this way.
  • the at least one position sensor is designed so that a movement of the at least one actuator can be detected.
  • a control and / or regulating device is provided, by means of which the free-piston device is controllable and / or controllable.
  • the control and / or regulating device can be used to control and / or regulate the injection of fuel into the expansion space, the ignition time of fuel in the expansion space and valves arranged on the expansion space for air intake or for the emission of exhaust gases.
  • the restoring force can be controlled and / or regulated by means of the at least one actuator via the control and / or regulating device. This allows, for example, the use of only one control and / or regulating device for the free-piston device.
  • the restoring force can be controlled and / or regulated in accordance with a signal of a position sensor.
  • the position sensor can be used by the control and / or regulating device, for example Provide information about the position and / or movement of the actuator of the free-piston device. This allows, for example, to control a drive via the control and / or regulating device in order to move the actuator or to stop an existing movement.
  • the resilient properties of the resilience space and thus also the restoring force can be influenced, in particular controlled and / or regulated.
  • At least one pressure sensor is preferably arranged on the resilience space. This makes it possible to measure the pressure in the resilience space, that is to say the pressure of the gas received in the resilience space.
  • the pressure sensor may be arranged on an end face, in particular on an end wall, of the piston receptacle.
  • the pressure of the gas in the resilience space is related to the restoring force applied to the piston by the gas.
  • the at least one pressure sensor is designed such that the pressure in the resilience space can be measured in a time-resolved manner. This can also determine the change in pressure in the resilience space. In this way, the change in the restoring force can be determined.
  • an electric linear drive is provided.
  • electrical energy can be generated by means of the free-piston device.
  • the electric linear drive can also be used to control and / or regulate the movement of the piston device, as shown in the DE 102 19 549 B4 is described, to which reference is expressly made.
  • the at least one piston device then preferably comprises a rotor device, and a stator device is preferably arranged on the at least one piston receiver.
  • the rotor device is magnetized.
  • an electrical voltage is induced in the stator device. Accordingly, it is possible to act on the piston device by applying current to the stator device.
  • the piston stroke can be variably adjusted via the linear drive such that the dead points of the movement of the at least one piston device can be defined.
  • the invention is further based on the object to improve the aforementioned method so that thus the free piston device, in particular the movement of the at least one piston device in the at least one piston seat, in operation is easily tuned.
  • This object is achieved in a generic method according to the invention in that the restoring force is controlled during operation of the free piston device and / or regulated by the set value of at least one state variable of the gas is set in the reset room, the actual value of the at least one state variable is detected and in deviation from Setpoint is at least approximately matched to the same, and at least one actuator, which is formed as a spring back space delimiting wall portion and in the form of a piston surface of a control piston, wherein the actuator is moved by the control piston is displaced.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the free-piston device according to the invention.
  • the restoring force is controlled and / or regulated during operation of the free-piston device.
  • the free-piston device is tunable, in particular the movement of the (at least one) piston device in the (at least one) piston receptacle, without interrupting the operation of the free-piston device.
  • the restoring force exerted by the gas is related to the pressure of the gas.
  • the gas pressure in this case represents a state variable of the gas.
  • Further preferred state variables of the gas are, for example, the temperature, the volume, and the number of particles in the gas, which is linked to the gas mass. These are in each case in relation to the gas pressure via the equation of state of a gas. In this way, for example, the temperature, the volume and the mass of the gas can be set in relation to the restoring force exerted by the gas on the piston device.
  • the actual value of at least one state variable is detected and at least approximately matched to a predefinable setpoint value of at least one state variable.
  • the pressure in the resilience space corresponds to the pressure of the gas in the springback room.
  • the pressure is a state variable whose setpoint can be specified. It can be determined by time-resolved measurement of the pressure, if the actual value of the pressure deviates from the nominal value.
  • At least one actuator is moved, with a piston being displaced.
  • a piston By means of the movement of at least one actuator or a piston, it may be possible, for example, to displace gas in the resilience space so as to change its pressure. In this way, the restoring force is variable.
  • the position of the at least one actuator or the piston is measured time-resolved. This provides, for example, the ability to quantitatively relate a pressure or pressure change of the gas to the position or movement of the at least one actuator or piston.
  • the control and / or regulation of the restoring force via the adjustment of the gas mass in the resilience space can be increased or decreased. It is clearly linked to the number of particles in the gas, which is a state variable of the gas.
  • the amount of gas can be related for example via the gas density with the gas mass, which in turn is linked to the number of particles in the gas.
  • At least one valve is preferably actuated.
  • actuating the at least one valve it is for example possible to open a gas line, so that gas is supplied to the resilience space or discharged from it. This makes it possible to adjust the gas mass and / or the gas quantity and the state variable associated with these variables, namely the particle number in the gas.
  • the pressure in the resilience space is controlled and / or regulated by means of a position of at least one actuator and / or a piston and / or by means of a position of at least one valve. In this way, the pressure is technically particularly easy to control and / or regulated.
  • the state variables of a gas are not independent of each other, but linked together by the equation of state of the gas.
  • the pressure of a gas is proportional to the gas mass and inversely proportional to the amount of gas. This gives the possibility to express the gas mass and / or amount of gas by the gas pressure. If a valve arranged on the resilience space is actuated, the gas mass and / or gas quantity in the resilience space and consequently also the pressure in the resilience space can be varied.
  • the pressure in the resilience space can be controlled and / or regulated in a technically simple manner.
  • the restoring force is controlled and / or regulated on a timescale greater than a working period. This reduces the technical complexity with which such a control and / or regulation is to be carried out.
  • the restoring force is controlled and / or regulated over at least three working periods.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of a free piston device according to the invention and in particular free piston combustion device, which in FIG. 1 shown and designated there by 10, comprises as a piston seat 12 a cylinder with a cylinder housing 14.
  • the cylinder housing 14 has a first end wall 16, which forms a first end face 18 of the piston seat 12.
  • the piston receptacle 12 is bounded by a second end wall 20, which forms a second end face 22 of the piston receptacle 12.
  • a piston device 26 is positioned linearly displaceable.
  • the piston device 26 is substantially rotationally symmetrical with respect to an axis 28 of the cylinder housing 14, at least with regard to its external shape.
  • the direction of movement of the piston device 26 is parallel or coaxial with this axis 28.
  • the piston device 26 comprises a first piston 30 with a first piston surface 32, which faces the first end face 18.
  • the piston device 26 further comprises a first piston 30 spaced second piston 34 having a second piston surface 36, which faces the second end face 22 of the piston seat 12.
  • the second piston 34 essentially serves to support the first piston 30.
  • the two pistons 30, 34 are fixedly and in particular rigidly connected to one another via a holding structure 38. As a result, a piston pair is formed on the piston device 26.
  • the holding structure 38 includes, for example, a piston rod 40.
  • an expansion chamber with an expansion space 42 is formed between the first end face 18 of the piston receptacle 12 and the first piston 30, an expansion chamber with an expansion space 42 is formed.
  • the expansion chamber is in particular a combustion chamber and the expansion space is a combustion chamber.
  • a medium is expandable to drive the piston device 26 in its linear movement.
  • the expanding medium is fuel gases; These are generated in particular by a combustion process in the expansion space 42.
  • the dimensions of the expansion space 42 are determined by the piston stroke of the piston device 26, that is, the volume and the (inner) surface of the expansion space 42 are determined by the position of the first piston 30.
  • the expansion space 42 are one or more in particular electrically controllable inlet valves 44 and one or more in particular electrically controllable exhaust valves 46 assigned.
  • the intake of air and the discharge of particular combustion products can be targeted in time Taxes.
  • a suction line 50 leading into the expansion space 42 is connected to a loader 52.
  • the suction line 50 can be opened or closed by means of the (at least one) inlet valve 44.
  • an exhaust pipe 54 leads to the loader 52.
  • the loader 52 itself has a supply 56, in particular for intake air and a discharge 58 for exhaust gases.
  • the supercharger 52 may, for example, be a pressure wave supercharger in which the energy of the exhaust gas flow from the expansion space 42 is used to compress the charge air (intake air). With such a pressure wave loader, pressure waves and suction waves of the pulsating exhaust gases suck in fresh air and compress it. This compression takes place in direct contact with the exhaust gases.
  • a constant oscillating displacement movement of the piston device 26 takes place. This makes it possible to achieve a constant oscillation of the discharged exhaust gases, so that the gas exchange can be controlled and / or regulated via the supercharger 52.
  • the advantage of a pressure wave loader is that it has only a small amount of energy.
  • the overall system of the supercharger 52 of the piston device 26 with its associated expansion space 42 can be due to the constant period for the oscillating movement of the piston device 26 interpret exactly to an optimal operating point, in turn, the loader 52 may be designed.
  • At least one pressure sensor 60 is arranged on the expansion space 42 in one embodiment. It is preferably a piezoelectric sensor.
  • the pressure sensor 60 is arranged on the first wall 16, which may have a recess in which the pressure sensor 60 is seated.
  • the pressure sensor 60 is aligned with the first piston 30.
  • an active sensor surface of the first piston surface 32 to.
  • the pressure in the expansion space 42 can be determined.
  • the pressure in the expansion space 42 can be determined in a time-resolved manner via the pressure sensor 60.
  • a temperature sensor 62 can be provided on the expansion space 42, with which the temperature in the expansion space 42, preferably also time-resolved, can be determined.
  • the pressure sensor 60 and the temperature sensor 62 may be connected to the control and / or regulating device 48 via signal lines. As a result, they can transmit their signals to the control and / or regulating device 48.
  • an injection device 64 is further arranged. Fuel can be coupled into the expansion space 42 via this injection device 64.
  • the injection device 64 can be controlled and / or regulated, for example, by the control and / or regulating device 48.
  • an ignition device 66 is arranged on the expansion space 42, with which a fuel located in the expansion space 42 can be ignited.
  • the ignition device 66 can also be controlled and / or regulated via the control and / or regulating device.
  • the free-piston device 10 comprises an electric linear drive, indicated as a whole by 68, which has a rotor device 70.
  • the rotor device 70 is arranged on the piston device 26. It is moved with the piston device 26.
  • the electric linear drive 68 further comprises a stator device 72, which is arranged on the piston receptacle 12 outside of the cylinder housing 14. About them can induce voltages to generate electrical energy or it can be the piston device 26 influence accordingly.
  • the rotor device 70 comprises, for example, magnetic elements 74 and flux-conducting elements 76, which are arranged alternately on the holding structure 38 between the pistons 30 and 34.
  • the holding structure 38 comprises, for example, a cylindrical carrier 78, on which the magnetic elements 74 and the flux-conducting elements 76 are seated.
  • the cylindrical support 78 is held on the piston rod 40 and in particular integrally connected thereto.
  • the connection is via radially extending spaced ridges or discs 80.
  • the radial direction is perpendicular to the axial direction 28.
  • the ridges or discs 80 are spaced apart in the axial direction 28.
  • a gap 82 is formed between adjacent strips or disks 80;
  • the support structure 38 is thereby not made of a solid material, so that the mass of the piston device 26 is reduced compared to a production of a solid material.
  • the magnetic elements 74 may be permanent magnet elements, which are in particular disk-shaped rotationally symmetrical about the axis 28. In principle, it may also be electromagnetic elements which accordingly comprise, in particular, turns arranged concentrically about the axis 28. In this case, a corresponding device must be provided in order to be able to transmit energy to these electromagnetic elements. This can be done, for example, inductively or via slip rings.
  • the flux guides 76 are also disc-shaped and made of a high magnetic permeability material. For example, iron is used or magnetically permeable powder composites are used.
  • the magnetic elements 74 in particular when it comes to permanent magnet elements, and the flux guide elements 76 are formed so that they have a central opening with which they can be pushed onto the carrier 78 during the production of the piston device 26.
  • the magnetic elements 74 are formed and in particular magnetized so that in a flux guide 76, the field lines of the adjacent magnetic elements 74 are concentrated, thus increasing the magnetic power seal of the system.
  • the magnetic elements 74 are arranged in parallel so that equal poles of adjacent magnetic elements 74 assign each other.
  • an outer surface of the rotor device 70 is designed so that it is designed tooth-shaped in a cross-section of the axis 28 of a cylinder wall facing inner side.
  • the rotor device 70 has changing magnetic conductivities, via which a drive for the piston device 26 can be generated.
  • the stator device 72 comprises main ring windings 84, which are arranged outside the cylinder housing 14 surrounding this. In these main ring windings 84, a voltage is induced during relative movement of the magnetized rotor device 70, wherein electrical energy can be coupled out. It is thereby provided a power generating device, which is based on the principle of free piston guide (linear movement of the piston device 26).
  • the stroke of the piston device 26 can be controlled and / or regulated via the control and / or regulating device 48.
  • the point of reversal of the piston movement of the first piston 30 can be adjusted as required, in order in turn to be able to set the dimensions of the expansion space 42.
  • the linear drive 68 so that the piston stroke can be adjusted depending on the load condition;
  • the compression can be adjusted, and it can adjust the speed of the piston device 26.
  • This makes it possible to optimally set the expansion space 42 (in terms of volume and surface as well as volume change and surface change), depending on the load condition. In particular, this allows the volume of the expansion space 42 and the respective surface of the expansion space 42 to be adapted to the application.
  • a piston stroke and compression can be set, depending on whether, for example, a fuel such as diesel or vegetable oil is used with auto-ignition or a fuel such as gasoline, natural gas or hydrogen is used as fuel with ignition by an igniter.
  • the piston device 26 can be influenced in their linear displacement, in order to determine the exact location of the reversal points of the piston movement of the piston device 26 for the expansion space 42.
  • one or more secondary windings are arranged around the cylinder housing 14. These are electrically isolated from the main ring windings 84 of the stator device 72.
  • the sub-windings are, for example, arranged around the main ring windings 84, that is to say they surround them. They can also be arranged next to main ring windings 84 (in particular in the axial extension of a ring winding axis of the main ring windings 84).
  • another power can be decoupled, for example, to provide a 12 V / 24 V or 36 V / 42 V electrical system of a motor vehicle with power.
  • the number of turns of the secondary windings is adjusted accordingly.
  • Such secondary windings are preferably followed by a rectifier in order to be able to generate a rectified current accordingly.
  • a cooling device 88 comprising cooling channels 86 is arranged around the stator device 72 in order to cool the active components of the free-piston device 10 (with linear drive 68);
  • the piston device 26, the piston receptacle 12 and the main ring windings 84 belong to these active components.
  • heat is coupled out of the corresponding cooling device 88 in order to use it in thermal engineering applications, for example for a vehicle heating system or a block heating plant.
  • a compression space in the form of a resilience space 90 is formed between the second piston 34 of the piston device 26 and the second end face 22 of the piston seat 12.
  • the resilience space 90 does not occupy the entire volume of the cylinder housing 14 between the second piston surface 36 and the second end wall 20.
  • the resilience space 90 is limited by the second piston surface 36, the walls of the cylinder housing 14 along wall portions 92 and 94 and a wall portion 96 which is formed by a piston surface 98 of a control piston 100.
  • the piston surface 98 in this case comprises the entire wall portion 96 of the resilience space 90. It forms an actuator of the free-piston device 10, whose operation will be explained in more detail below.
  • the piston surface 98 is positioned between the second piston surface 36 and the second end wall 20 of the piston receptacle 12. It lies opposite the second end face 22 and is in particular parallel to the second end wall 20 oriented. In this way, the piston surface 98 limits the resilience space 90 at the end, based on their orientation within the cylinder housing 14.
  • the resilience space 90 is formed in the piston receptacle 12 between the second piston 34 of the piston device 26 and the control piston 100, and limited in the longitudinal direction of the piston seat 12 of the second piston surface 36 of the second piston 34 and the piston surface 98 of the control piston 100.
  • a compressible fluid is received, in particular a gas such as air.
  • the gas in the resilience space 90 can at least partially "elastically” absorb mechanical energy that was not decoupled from the linear drive 68 during an expansion stroke of the piston assembly 26. This is done by compression of the gas by the piston device 26.
  • the gas in the resilience space 90 can expand and in this way drive the piston 26 back.
  • the stored energy may thus be used for compressing the fuel-air mixture in a two-stroke operation or for discharging the exhaust gases in a four-stroke operation, when combustion takes place in the expansion space 42 to produce the expanding medium.
  • the gas in the resilience space 90 thus forms a gas spring, which can absorb mechanical energy of the piston device 26 with high reversibility, and which can deliver energy to the piston device 26 by expansion.
  • a pressure sensor 102 is arranged, which is arranged on the piston surface 98 of the control piston 100.
  • the piston surface 98 has for this purpose a recess in which the pressure sensor 102 is arranged.
  • the pressure sensor 102 assigns the second piston surface 36 of the second piston 34, in particular with an active sensor surface.
  • the pressure sensor can be arranged, for example, on one of the wall regions 92 or 94 between the second piston surface 36 and the piston surface 98.
  • the pressure in the resilience space 90 can be measured.
  • the pressure can be measured by the pressure sensor 102 in a time-resolved manner.
  • the pressure sensor 102 is preferably a piezoelectric sensor.
  • a temperature sensor 104 can be arranged on the resilience space 90, which, for example, can be arranged in a recess of the piston surface 98 of the control piston 100, similar to the pressure sensor 102.
  • the temperature in the resilience space 90 can be measured.
  • the pressure sensor 102 and the temperature sensor 104 can transmit their measuring signals to the control and / or regulating device 48 via signal lines.
  • the control piston 100 is movably mounted in the piston receptacle 12, in particular it is mounted in this linearly displaceable. In this way, the piston surface 98 in the cylinder housing 14 by means of the control piston 100 is movable and in particular linearly displaceable.
  • the displacement direction is parallel or coaxial with the axis 28 and parallel to the direction of displacement of the piston device 26.
  • the gas volume is minimal when the piston assembly 26 is at its top dead center TDC with respect to the piston surface 98, and it is maximum when the piston assembly 26 is at its bottom dead center BDC with respect to the piston surface 98.
  • the control piston 100 is associated with a drive device 108.
  • the control piston 100 is for this purpose via a holding device 106 with the drive means 108 in connection.
  • the holding device 106 includes, for example, a piston rod 109, which can pass through the second end wall 20 of the piston receptacle 12.
  • the holding device 106 may be designed to be rigid, as a result of which the control piston 100 can be moved in the piston receptacle 12 by means of the drive device 108 and, in particular, can be displaced linearly.
  • the drive device 108 includes, for example, a hydraulic system for moving the control piston 100. Also conceivable, for example, are a pneumatic drive and / or an electric drive.
  • the control and / or regulating device 48 is connected to the drive device 108 via a control line so that it can be activated and, in particular, controlled by the control and / or regulating device 48. In this way, for example, the position of the control piston 100 by the control and / or regulating device 48 can be predetermined.
  • the free-piston device 10 has a position sensor 110 with which the position of the holding device 106 relative to the piston receptacle 12 can be detected. In this way, the position and a movement of the control piston 100 and thus also the piston surface 98 can be detected by the position sensor 110.
  • the position sensor 110 is arranged, for example, near the second end wall 20 of the cylinder housing 14, and an active sensor surface may be directed in the direction of the holding device 106.
  • the position sensor 110 of the control and / or regulating device 48 can provide its measuring signal via a signal line.
  • the position sensor 110 for example on the piston surface 98, wherein an active sensor surface can assign the second piston surface 36.
  • the position sensor can be realized, for example, as an optical sensor.
  • a mechanically operating position sensor which is mechanically coupled to the holding device 106, for example.
  • the position sensor 110 may also be integrated into the drive device 108.
  • the resilience space 90 is closed gas-tight.
  • the second piston 34 of the piston device 26 and the control piston 100 for this purpose include seals 112, for example in the form of polymer seals. These ensure a high tightness of the resilience space 90 even at high pressures of the gas inside.
  • a gas line 114 is arranged, which may be guided, for example, in a bore of the control piston 100.
  • the gas line 114 has an opening 116 which is arranged on the piston surface 98.
  • the gas line 114 can be opened and closed defined by means of a valve, not shown in the drawing.
  • the resilience space 90 can then, for example, be in fluid-effective connection with a gas accumulator (not shown in the drawing).
  • the gas line 114 may be formed as a filling line for the resilience space 90. This gives the possibility to keep the amount of gas in the resilience space 90 constant.
  • an electric preheating takes place and also the cooling water of the cooling device 88 is preheated.
  • This preheating can be done via the linear drive 68 by corresponding windings, such as the main ring windings 84 are used as heating elements. But it can also be provided own heating coils.
  • the piston 30, 34 can be substantially linearly in the piston receiving 12 lead tilt-free.
  • the pistons 30, 34 also serve to seal the expansion space with respect to the resilience space 90.
  • the suction of air and the discharge of the exhaust gases can be controlled specifically. This can improve the efficiency of the overall system and the quality of the exhaust gas; by precise adjustment of the timing over time and the duration in terms of gas exchange (flow through the inlet valve 44 and the exhaust valve 46) can take place a precise adjustment between the individual time-critical operations. Since the speed of the piston device 26 can also be controlled or regulated, even during the expansion process, the formation of exhaust gases can be influenced.
  • the inlet valve 44 is arranged and designed such that sucked air and resulting gas flows are guided along inner cylinder walls so as to obtain an optimized gas exchange rinsing process.
  • the suction and compression of air and the discharge of exhaust gases is preferably carried out via the loader 52.
  • the ignition of the medium in the expansion space 42 by the control and regulating device 48 in accordance with the signal one of the pressure sensors 60 or 102 can be controlled and / or regulated.
  • valves 44, 46, the injection device 64 and / or the ignition device 66 can be controlled and regulated.
  • This control and / or regulation can be carried out such that a substantially stoichiometric combustion in the expansion space 42 is possible.
  • Such a control and / or regulation is for example in the DE 10 2004 062 440 B4 the same applicant, to which reference is expressly made.
  • the stator device 72 is cooled via the cooling device 88.
  • the cooling device 88 can also cool other parts of the piston receptacle 12 and, for example, the piston device 26.
  • the pistons 30, 34 are lubricated for example via a simple splined lubrication, so that no oil pump is required.
  • the pistons 30, 34 then move in an oil bath which is agitated by the agitation to ensure a sufficient lubrication oil supply.
  • the pistons 30, 34 can be produced with a minimized side surface facing the cylinder housing 14, that is to say piston covers can be made short, since the piston pair with the first piston 30 and the second piston 34 ensures a mutual supporting action. As a result, friction losses during the movement of the piston device 26 can be minimized.
  • the piston 30, 34 also made of non-metallic materials such as ceramic materials or graphite or glass fiber reinforced carbon materials, for example. Such pistons can do without lubrication.
  • the rotor device 70 with alternatingly arranged magnetic elements 74 and flux-conducting elements 76 makes it possible to achieve a high magnetic power density of the system.
  • high power densities can be achieved when the pole pitch in the rotor device 70 and the stator device 72 is different.
  • the gas in the resilience space 90 can absorb mechanical energy from the piston device 26 by being compressed by the piston device 26. In this case acts between the piston means 26, mediated by the second piston 34, and the gas in the resilience space 90, a force by means of which the gas is compressible by the piston means 26.
  • the gas in the resilience space 90 can deliver energy to the piston device 26 by expanding it and driving the piston device 26 in the direction of the end face 18 of the piston receptacle 12. Also in this case, a force acts between the gas and the second piston 34 of the piston device 26.
  • the gas in the resilience space 90 exerts at any time, due to its gas pressure p, a restoring force F counteracting the compression by the piston device 26 and acting on the piston device 26.
  • the restoring force F exerted by the gas is for example proportional to the pressure p of the gas.
  • the proportionality constant is the area A, on which the restoring force F acts.
  • the restoring force F can therefore be represented as product p • A.
  • This relationship between the restoring force F and the gas pressure p makes it possible to express the restoring force F exerted by the gas on the second piston 34 by means of the gas pressure p.
  • the gas pressure p corresponds to the internal pressure of the resilience space 90.
  • the free-piston device 10 has, as already mentioned, the actuator formed as a piston surface 98, with which the restoring force F can be controlled and / or regulated.
  • the piston surface 98 in this case forms a wall portion 96 bounding the resilience space.
  • the restoring force F can be controlled and / or regulated, for example, by the fact that the gas pressure p in the resilience space 90 can be controlled and / or regulated.
  • the gas pressure p can be varied by adjusting the gas volume by moving and / or positioning the control piston 100, and thus in particular the piston surface 98 in the piston receptacle 12, and in particular setting the minimum and maximum gas volumes.
  • the gas pressure p can be measured by means of the pressure sensor 102 and provided to the control and / or regulating device 48.
  • the oscillation frequency of the piston device 26 during operation of the free piston device 10 in the order of 50 Hz.
  • a piezoelectric sensor for the pressure sensor 102 can reach the necessary response time to measure the gas pressure p with sufficient accuracy and time resolved.
  • control piston 100 and the actuator formed as a piston surface 98 can be moved by means of the drive means 108 and in particular move. In this way, the gas pressure p in the resilience space 90 is variable.
  • control and / or regulating device 48 of the drive device 108 provides a control signal dependent on the gas pressure p.
  • the drive device 108 may then perform the movement of the control piston 100 in response to the provided signal. In this way, the movement of the control piston is controllable and thus the gas pressure p in the resilience space 90 controllable.
  • the position sensor 110 By means of the position sensor 110, the position of the holding device 106 and in this way the position and / or the movement of the piston surface 98, with respect to the piston receptacle 12 can be detected.
  • the measurement signal of the position sensor 110 may be provided to the control and / or regulating device 48. This makes it possible to construct a control loop in which the gas pressure p is regulated as a function of the position and / or movement of the control piston 100.
  • the gas pressure p of the gas in the return spring space 90 can be controlled and / or regulated, the restoring force F exerted by the gas on the piston device 26 can thus also be controlled and / or regulated.
  • the free-piston device 10 it is possible with the free-piston device 10 according to the invention to carry out the control and / or regulation of the restoring force F during operation of the free-piston device 10.
  • a schematic pressure-time diagram for the gas pressure p in the resilience space 90 shows FIG. 3 ,
  • the gas pressure p in the resilience space 90 is shown schematically by the curve 118.
  • the gas pressure p oscillates according to the oscillating movement of the piston device 26 between a maximum pressure p max and a minimum pressure p min with a period T.
  • the maximum pressure p max is reached at top dead center OT of the piston device 26 with respect to the piston surface 98
  • the minimum pressure p min is reached at bottom dead center UT of the piston device 26 with respect to the piston surface 98.
  • control piston and the piston surface 98 only within a time window ZF, which is arranged in time in the region of the bottom dead center UT.
  • the piston device 26 is farthest from the piston surface 98, and the control piston 100 is movable with the least amount of force.
  • the control and / or regulation of the restoring force F exerted by the gas in the resilience space 90 on the piston device 26 makes it possible to tune the movement of the piston device 26. This makes it possible to set an optimum operating point of the free-piston device 10. At this optimal operating point, for example, the fuel requirement and / or the emission of pollutants can be minimized.
  • the free-piston device 10 By means of the free-piston device 10, it is possible to carry out a method according to the invention, in which the restoring force F is controlled and / or regulated during operation of the free-piston device 10, wherein the setpoint value at least one state variable of the gas in the resilience space 90 can be predetermined, the actual value of the at least one state variable is detected and, if it deviates from the desired value, it is at least approximated to the same.
  • the gas pressure p in the resilience space 90 is used as the state variable of the gas, the desired value of which can be predetermined so that a specific operating point of the free-piston device 10 can be achieved. If the actual value of the gas pressure p deviates from the nominal value, then the control and / or regulating device 48 can activate the drive device 108, as a result of which the gas pressure p in the resilience space 90 can be controlled and / or regulated, as described above.
  • the nominal value of the gas pressure p may be defined here as an average pressure during operation, or as a pressure at fixed times of operation of the free-piston device 10, for example, the pressure p max at top dead center TDC or the pressure p min at bottom dead center UT ( FIG. 3 ).
  • FIG. 2 Another free piston device for carrying out the method according to the invention is in FIG. 2 as a whole with the reference numeral 150 occupied.
  • the same components as in the embodiment 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the piston device 26 is arranged displaceably in a piston receptacle 152.
  • the piston receptacle 152 is formed by a cylinder housing 154.
  • the cylinder housing 154 has a first end wall 156, which forms a first end face 158 of the piston receptacle 152.
  • the first end wall 156 is opposed by a second end wall 160, which forms a second end face 162 of the piston receptacle 152.
  • the piston device 26 is positioned in an interior 164 of the cylinder housing 154.
  • a compression space in the form of a resilience space 166 is formed between the piston surface 36 of the piston 34 and the end wall 160.
  • a compressible fluid in particular a gas such as air, added.
  • the gas can be compressed by the movement of the piston device 26 and thereby at least partially absorb energy "elastically", which was not decoupled from the linear drive 68 during an expansion stroke. Accordingly, the gas in the resilience space 166 can release the energy, for example, by expanding and driving the piston device 26 in the direction of the end wall 156.
  • the pressure sensor 102 is arranged. For example, it is arranged on the second end wall 160.
  • the second end wall 160 may have a recess for this purpose, in which the pressure sensor 102 is arranged.
  • an active sensor surface may face the piston surface 36 of the piston 34.
  • the pressure in the resilience space 166 can be measured and, in particular, measured in a time-resolved manner.
  • the temperature sensor 104 is arranged on the resilience space 166. By means of the temperature sensor 104, the temperature in the resilience space 166 can be detected.
  • the second end wall 160 has at least one opening, on which at least one valve is arranged.
  • the end wall 160 has a first opening 168, which is associated with an inlet valve 170, and a second opening 172, which is associated with an outlet valve 174.
  • the inlet valve 170 By means of the inlet valve 170, the first opening 168 of the resilience space 166 can be opened and closed, and accordingly, by means of the outlet valve 174, the second opening 172 of the resilience space 166 can be opened and closed.
  • the intake valve 170 and the exhaust valve 174 may be controlled in time by the control and / or regulating device 48.
  • the inlet valve 170 and the outlet valve 174 may be magnetically and / or electrically and / or mechanically actuated. In particular, it may be valves with a short switching time, preferably up to a few milliseconds act. Valves with a switching time of a few milliseconds are produced, for example, by the company "Lotus Engineering".
  • a gas line in particular a feed line 176, leads to a gas reservoir, for example a gas reservoir 178.
  • a gas reservoir for example a gas reservoir 178.
  • a gas quantity sensor in the form of a volume flow sensor 180 is arranged in the supply line 176.
  • the volume flow sensor 180 may provide its measurement signal to the control and / or regulating device 48 via a signal line.
  • the gas pressure in the gas reservoir 178 is greater than the gas pressure p in the resilience space 166.
  • a certain amount of gas can flow from the gas reservoir 178 through the supply line 176 into the resilience space 166.
  • This gas flow results from the pressure gradient between the gas pressure p in the return spring chamber 166 and the pressure in the gas reservoir 178.
  • This quantity can be detected by means of the volumetric flow sensor 180 and communicated to the control and / or regulating device 48.
  • a gas line in particular a discharge line 182 leads from the resilience space 166 to a gas reservoir, for example a gas reservoir 184.
  • a gas reservoir for example a gas reservoir 184.
  • a volume flow sensor 186 is arranged in the discharge line 182, which can detect a gas flowing through the discharge line 182 amount of gas.
  • the volume flow sensor 186 of the control and / or regulating device 48 can provide its measuring signal via a signal line.
  • the gas pressure in the gas reservoir 184 is less than the pressure in the springback 166.
  • opening the exhaust valve 174 flows due to the pressure gradient a certain amount of gas from the resilience space 166 through the discharge line 182 to the gas storage 184.
  • the amount of gas can by means of the volume flow sensor 186 are detected and the control and / or regulating device 48 notified.
  • more gas can be supplied to the resilience space 166, so that the gas mass and the gas quantity in the resilience space 166 increase. Conversely, gas can be removed from the resilience space 166 so that the gas mass and the gas quantity in the resilience space 166 are reduced.
  • a variant of the free-piston device 150 has only one valve arranged on the return spring chamber 166, after the opening of which gas can be supplied to the return spring chamber 166 or removed therefrom.
  • the pressure p in the resilience space 166 here is a state variable of the gas. Its desired value can be predetermined and can be given for example by a desired operating point of the free-piston device 150.
  • the set point may be a medium pressure, but it is also possible that it is a defined at fixed times during operation of the free-piston device 150 pressure.
  • the actual value of the pressure can be measured by means of the pressure sensor 102.
  • the inventive method provides that the actual value is at least approximately equalized to the desired value.
  • the gas pressure p is proportional to the gas mass m of the gas. This makes it possible to adjust the gas pressure p (for example relative to a fixed position of the piston device 26) in the springback space 166 by means of the gas mass in the springback space 166.
  • the gas mass m in the resilience space 166 can be increased by opening the inlet valve 170 by flowing gas from the gas reservoir 178 through the supply line 176 into the resilience space 166. This increases the gas pressure in the resilience space 166.
  • the gas mass m in the resilience space 166 can be reduced by opening the exhaust valve 174; Gas flows out of the resilience space 166 through the discharge line 182 into the gas reservoir 184. This reduces the gas pressure p in the resilience space 166.
  • inlet valve 170 and / or the outlet valve 174 are opened and / or closed in a defined manner by the control and / or regulating device 48, in order to increase and / or reduce the gas mass m in the resilience space 166.
  • the gas pressure p can be measured in a time-resolved manner by means of the pressure sensor 102, wherein the measurement signal of the control and / or regulating device 48 can be provided.
  • the control and / or regulating device 48 may open and / or close the inlet valve 170 and / or the outlet valve 174 as a function of the measuring signal of the pressure sensor 102. In this way, the gas mass in the resilience space 166 can be increased or decreased so long until the actual value of the gas pressure p in the resilience space 166 is at least approximately equalized to the desired value.
  • the setting and / or control and / or regulation takes place only at certain times, for example within a time window ZF, which is arranged in terms of time at the bottom dead center UT of the piston device 26 with respect to the second end wall 160 ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the gas pressure p in the springback space 166 is near its minimum p min . This makes it easier for the resilience space 166 to supply a certain amount of gas or to remove a certain amount of gas from it.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
EP07730207.3A 2006-06-20 2007-06-15 Freikolbenvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer freikolbenvorrichtung Not-in-force EP2029859B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102006029532A DE102006029532A1 (de) 2006-06-20 2006-06-20 Freikolbenvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Freikolbenvorrichtung
PCT/EP2007/055981 WO2007147789A1 (de) 2006-06-20 2007-06-15 Freikolbenvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer freikolbenvorrichtung

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EP2029859A1 EP2029859A1 (de) 2009-03-04
EP2029859B1 true EP2029859B1 (de) 2017-05-10

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US (1) US20090101005A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP2029859B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP2009541635A (ru)
CN (1) CN101473106A (ru)
DE (1) DE102006029532A1 (ru)
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WO (1) WO2007147789A1 (ru)

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EP2029859A1 (de) 2009-03-04
JP2009541635A (ja) 2009-11-26
DE102006029532A1 (de) 2007-12-27
US20090101005A1 (en) 2009-04-23
WO2007147789A1 (de) 2007-12-27
RU2009101386A (ru) 2010-08-10
CN101473106A (zh) 2009-07-01

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