Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
  • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
  • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a bullet, active body or warhead for controlling massive, structured and planar targets.
• inert balancing projectiles can be subdivided into two groups: projectiles with the highest possible penetrating power or depth effect and projectiles with areas / splintering effects.
• the first group includes the classic AP, APDS and APFSDS projectiles.
• the second group mainly includes splinter-forming or active-body-projecting projectiles.
• penetrators can also be calculated, which decompose on target contact. These include the so-called Frangible bullets, which fragment by the Impaktter.
• PELE Penetrator with Increased Lateral Action penetrators, which achieve high lateral efficiency through the dynamic build up of internal pressure.
• penetrators While brittle penetrators disassemble according to the material properties after initiation of their decomposition, ie no lateral component is obtained via a corresponding projectile structure, penetrators according to the PELE principle impart radial velocity components to the splitter-forming parts. At the same time, a number of parameters can influence the decomposition behavior.
• a pre-core of heavy metal is screwed into a bullet casing of heavy metal serving for the tank breakthrough.
• a bias voltage is applied via the transfer piston to an enclosed volume, which may be filled with different materials such as metal powder or explosive, a static pressure. This should be the impact the surrounding shell are disassembled.
• the functioning of this projectile is based on the mechanical properties of the projectile casing under an internal pressure.
• Comparable arrangements contain fire or explosive charges, which act upon impact on a massive tip with pressure and thus ignited (see, for example, DE 32 40 310 A1).
• EP 0 146 745 A1 describes a submerged multipurpose bullet made of heavy metal with a cylindrical bore which is filled with an inert (possibly incompressible, easily deformable) or pyrotechnic substance.
• an inert possibly incompressible, easily deformable
• pyrotechnic substance When hitting a target to be ensured via a complex mechanical device that a guided through the bore cylinder different inner surface design is accelerated in the direction of the filling material and thereby generates a pressure in this, which leads to the decomposition of the outer shell.
• this bullet Due to its structure and the materials to be used, this bullet can only have a limited function, which also depends on the type of target.
• the pressure introduction to the piston is complex. For more massive targets, the tip including the piston part is destroyed, so that the bullet can then possibly still have a (correspondingly limited) PELE function. It is questionable whether with thin targets or larger angles of attack the required axial acceleration of the piston can be achieved.
• projectiles which expand or disassemble a funnel-shaped, tubular projectile body made of hard metal over a plastically deformable tip in the target passage (see, for example, the German Reich Patent No. 52364 from 1889).
• An end ballistic effective envelope encloses a largely ineffective substance. Both components form an end face, which is located behind an outer ballistic hood. When penetrating a target, the remaining interior material creates a pressure field that expands or laterally accelerates the surrounding shell. Due to their functionality, such penetrators can be described as "reacting" penetrators, which also distinguishes them more clearly against purely mechanical, splinter-forming ammunition or active bodies.
• projectiles according to the PELE principle represent the most effective ammunition with lateral action, which also has a wide range of design options.
• the present invention describes a module that achieves a previously unattained combination of end ballistic surface and depth performance with simple technical measures in projectiles and active bodies.
• this module can be effective alone in conjunction with the projectile body or it can significantly improve the effectiveness of already known, laterally effective penetrators. This applies to both the lateral effect and the impact velocities at which a reliable triggering is achieved.
• the aim of the present invention is to provide an independent device for generating lateral effects / splinter effects in connection with end ballistic powerful penetrators for projectiles, active bodies and warheads.
• the module is intended to achieve the technically achievable, mechanically induced lateral accelerations of end ballistic active parts of different shapes.
• the generation of lateral components should exceed the known designs of comparable concepts for individual types of ammunition.
• the device should be universally applicable and not bound to specific types of ammunition or ammunition-specific interpretations.
• the projectile, active body or warhead contains a lateral effects triggering, one- or multi-part, solid or sleeve-shaped, inert multifunctional module, which is suitable for controlling massive, structured and planar targets by end ballistic active elements (splinters, projectile fragments, active body) is.
• the module consists of arbitrarily shaped, dynamically sufficiently dimensionally stable front and rear surfaces / contours and their connection. The contours consist of outer and inner active surfaces.
• the module is arranged between the projectile nose (outer ballistic hood) or an upstream module or projectile part and the correspondingly designed, fragment-forming part of the projectile.
• the projectile body adjoining the module consists of one or more laterally accelerated (homogeneous, tubular or structured, brittle or ductile) casings or layers.
• the multifunction module generates by virtue of its design splinter-forming sheaths, inner layers or fragments of active body radial velocity components.
• a central penetrator can be arranged in the projectile or active body.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a solid (top) and a sleeve-shaped (bottom) multifunction module with examples of contours of the front and the rear surfaces;
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of two projectiles / active body with doppelkegeligem, end ballistisch effective multifunction module or hollow or filled internal volume of the subsequent multi-part / multi-layer projectile body;
• Figure 3 is a schematic representation of two floors with end ballistisch effective multifunction module, central penetrator and splinter shell.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of two embodiments of a multi-functional module in front of a central penetrator, wherein in the upper half of the module is designed as a core cap and expander for the splinter shell and in the lower half of the module as a ring element with subsequent core shell with brittle or ductile functional filling is trained;
• Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of two examples of multi-function modules, wherein in the upper half of a spherical module before splinter shell with empty inner volume and in the lower half of a module with doppelkegeliger rear surface before double-walled fragment jacket and a pressurized internal volume is shown;
• Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of two examples of multi-function modules, wherein in the upper half of a module with multi-level front surface and rear cone before conical splinter shell and in the lower half of a module with upstream fragment body and conical shell jacket is shown with empty internal volume;
• FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of two arrangements with self-supporting, double-acting modules, wherein in the upper half of an active body shell / fragmentation shell with an empty inner volume and in the lower half of an active body with filled internal volume is shown;
• FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of two embodiments of a multi-functional module, wherein in the upper half of a module with a hollow inner volume and in the lower half of a module with conical pronuclear and projectile body is shown with double-layer splinter shell and central penetrator; 9 is a schematic representation of two arrangements with multi-function module, wherein in the upper half a two-stage, acting in both directions module followed by brittle / rigid / sufficiently dimensionally stable internal volume and in the lower half of a module in the form of a slim wedge in a two-layer (brittle or pre-fragmented) splinter body is shown;
• FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of two examples of multi-stage multifunction modules and continuous central penetrator, wherein in the upper half of a three-stage module and in the lower half an example of interlocking / combined modules is shown;
• Fig. 1 1 is a schematic representation of two examples of multi-function modules with PELE function, wherein in the upper half of an open arrangement and in the lower half of a closed arrangement is shown;
• Fig. 1 2 is a schematic representation of two examples of multi-function modules with subsequent multi-function modules with PELE function or rigid splinter bodies.
• the central task of the multifunction module is either to widen or fragment one-sided or two-sided homogeneous or structured bodies and to radially accelerate them. It has for a pure pressure transmission preferably a low density, a high hardness or a sufficient dimensional stability and possibly also a selectable sound propagation speed (propagation speed of the shock waves). These properties are relatively to be seen in connection with the components involved. For example, it may be sufficient to use a hard plastic module in a light metal body, which applies the desired lateral forces without a PELE effect occurring. Likewise, arrangements of different light metals or other metal combinations or mixtures of different plastics or fibrous reinforced bodies conceivable. Examples of such materials are hard plastics, ceramics or vitreous substances, CFRP compounds, light and hard metals.
• This material listing can be expanded as desired. So are all end ballistic particularly effective materials to use such as high-hardness steel, tungsten carbide, tungsten or tungsten alloys and similar materials. Other criteria for the selection of materials or material pairings are, for example, the acoustic impedance and the sliding properties. It is also possible to form pairings of similar substances or substance mixtures which fulfill the required criteria for multifunctional modules.
• the multifunctional modules may be homogeneous or composed of several different materials both in the axial and in the radial direction. Between the front and rear surfaces (contours) of a module, a damping layer or a cavity may be incorporated.
• the effectiveness of a module is not tied to a conical or rotationally symmetric surface structure. The circumference of a multifunctional module must therefore not be circular, but may have any other shape.
• the multifunctional module according to the invention will generally be designed as a homogeneous, as simple as possible designed body. For technically more sophisticated solutions, however, it is quite conceivable to put together a module from a ring of submodules. In this way, the module itself is a pre-fragmented fragment body. It is also possible to manufacture the module from such a brittle material that it disintegrates after exerting its acceleration function and thus itself represents a splinter-forming body.
• a multifunctional module can both serve for the creation of lateral projectile components and at the same time represent an end-ballistically effective body. Special advantages are with appropriate shaping better attacking salaried employees, solid armor and the penetration of Vorpanzerept. Furthermore, a multifunction module can perform bullet-specific functions. An example of this is centering and supporting a central penetrator. Thanks to its design possibilities with different effective zones (A, B) or effective layers (1 A, 1 B, 1 C) and the use of different materials, the module has an almost unlimited design range. This ranges from extensions of the functions of known splitter-forming ammunitions by additional introduction of such a module to new single-stage or multi-stage concepts with different demands on the ammunition performance. The module is not bound to individual functional mechanisms, but rather represents an independent element. It is independent of the type of stabilization of caliber-containing or sub-caliber projectiles.
• multifunctional modules basically represent independent active elements, they can be combined in projectiles, active bodies or warheads with devices for utilizing the PELE effect as well as with known arrangements for the mechanical generation of lateral accelerations.
• a combination lateral floor with multifunction module is possible, which has a simple structure and is functional at all Operational speeds. This applies to cannon-fired ammunition of all calibers as well as otherwise spent bodies or warheads.
• PELE effect reference is made to the relevant patents (e.g., DE 197 0 349 C2) and numerous publications in which all prescriptions and inferences to be derived therefrom are adopted.
• a particular embodiment consists in the combination of a multi-functional module with active floors, eg those with ALP components.
• a multi-functional module In these projectiles, fragments are accelerated axially or radially by a shock generated in a transmission medium via a pyrotechnic component independently of a target contact.
• active bodies can be increased both in their effectiveness and in terms of their design bandwidth by virtue of the pyrotechnically accelerated elements obtained a lateral component. It is also possible in principle to produce lateral components on projectiles with explosive fillings via a multifunction module.
• FIGS 1 to 14 show preferred embodiments and applications. They emphasize the universality of the module according to the invention.
• the hood 2 is only hinted at.
• the projectile or active body part 3 following the module is only shown as far as necessary for demonstrating the mode of operation. All other projectiles or elements such as e.g. the bullet tail or stabilization is symbolized by 5.
• Fig. 1 in the upper part of the diagram is a schematic representation of a solid (one or more parts) multifunction module 1 with examples of the design / contour of the front surface 1 A and the rear surface / contour 1 C and their connection 1 B.
• the contours may, for example, be convex, concave, circular-arc-shaped or conical.
• the compound 1 B between 1 A and 1 C can either be homogeneous, contain a cavity or a material for damping.
• the contours 1 A and 1 C consist of outer (A) and inner active surfaces (B).
• the lower part of the picture shows a sleeve-shaped (here homogeneous) multifunction module.
• Fig. 2 shows two examples of a projectile / active body with multifunction module 1 for the lateral acceleration (splintering with lateral component) of fragmentary projectiles with hollow or filled internal volume.
• mode of action arrows are drawn, which symbolize both the introduced forces (arrows with solid lines) as well as the generated directions of movement with lateral components (dashed arrows).
• the casings are sufficiently dimensionally stable, they can at least partly be folded out by the action of a multifunctional module (indicated by circular arcs). In the following figures such symbols are only displayed if they appear to be useful for explaining the operation or if it should be pointed to other, not directly derived effects.
• the module shown in the upper part consists of an end ballistically effective body for penetrating stronger armor. Furthermore, it has an outer edge for engaging more inclined targets (contour area 1 A in the outer zone A). In the area of the contour 1 C, the module is designed in the form of a double cone, which radially accelerates both the outer shell 4 and the splitter shell 6 of the following projectile body 3 and also compresses the filling medium 7.
• the fragmentation jacket 6 is formed here in multiple stages. The sheath 4 can also contribute to increasing the lateral effect.
• the projectile parts referred to as fragmentation jacket 6 can be all elements which achieve lateral effects by the action of a multifunctional module. So it may be one-piece or multi-part shells or sleeves (hollow cylinder) of the same or different materials, shell-like elements with longitudinal division, envelope strips, notched sleeves, Act elements with integrated or applied active bodies and also bodies with any surface shapes or surface design. Therefore, all elements with lateral action are designated the same (6).
• this filling medium may possess PELE properties in conjunction with the surrounding shell or may be purely mechanical.
• an internal pressure constituent parts are shown in the figures primarily cross-hatched. However, these parts can basically also consist of dimensionally stable bodies.
• active parts preferably consist of a rigid / brittle and therefore purely mechanically acting medium, a normal hatching is selected.
• 7 may consist of a homogeneous substance, a mixture of substances or a mixture of substances, a compact or a structure with embedded active elements or form a chamber with a pasty or liquid-like filling.
• 7 may not have a purely inert, the action of a bullet supporting or complementary property.
• the spectrum ranges from thermally reacting metals to the use of pyrotechnic elements.
• the multifunction module 1 here has a wedge-shaped design, which protrudes in FIG. After hitting or during the target passage, this wedge is accelerated into the medium 7. From the previous explanations, there are three possibilities with regard to the interaction between 1 and 7: In the case of a rigid material for 7, mechanical splitting of the splinter shell 6 takes place. If the component 7 consists of a dynamically softer (more ductile) material, the material properties become greater constructed corresponding pressure field that accelerates laterally the sheath 6 depending on the pressure. Thus, an over the length of differently distributed acceleration of the splitter wall 6 can be achieved. This mode of action is therefore not identical to that of PELE penetrators (see definition of the PELE principle of action). In Fig.
• the multifunction module itself has PELE properties.
• the third possibility arises from the fact that the medium 7 is compressible.
• the rear contour can run from 1 to 7 and generates there only delayed in time or after covering a certain distance sufficient pressure for lateral acceleration of 6. So for the medium 7 there are no restrictions on its compressibility or other material properties, such as they are required or assumed in the previously known devices.
• the module includes a cavity, and the follow-up bullet consists of an internally hollow, two-layer splinter shell.
• the inner layer 6 may extend to the axis, wherein the multifunction module is geometrically adapted accordingly.
• the multifunction module 1 in conjunction with the sheath 6 may e.g. also be formed such that the rear cone of 1 extends almost over the entire length of 6. The same applies accordingly to other embodiments shown here (see, for example, Figures 6, 7, 9 and 10).
• the front contour 1A of the module 1 causes a lateral acceleration of the attached body 1 1.
• This can be arbitrarily designed and made of different materials, which are to be selected according to the desired effects (see also comment to Fig. 3).
• This also applies to other illustrated multifunctional modules having a corresponding front contour I A (see, e.g., Figures 2, 5 and 6).
• Fig. 3 shows two representations of a projectile / active body with multifunction module 1 for the lateral acceleration of fragmentary projectiles with hollow or filled internal volume and central penetrator 9.
• module module On the rear side 1 C is executed doppelkegelig.
• the following projectile body 3 has a shell 4 and between the fragmentation jacket 6 and the central penetrator 9, a medium I 1 which is to build an internal pressure in this projectile section in combination with the surrounding jacket 6. Due to the double-conical contour 1 C, the sheath 4 and the splitter-forming sheath 6 receive directly via the outer cone a mechanically effected lateral component.
• the medium 7 is pressure-loaded due to the shape of the module 1 and the inner supporting / damming central penetrator 9 (here, for example, a hard core with a cone tip), so that it also laterally accelerates the surrounding layers of FIG. In this way, when the projectile encounters an immediate lateral acceleration of the front splinter shell, followed by a continuous expansion of the next projectile body.
• the inner supporting / damming central penetrator 9 here, for example, a hard core with a cone tip
• the central penetrator 9 exercises for the module 1 a supporting and a centering function. With a delay of 1, or due to the inertia of 9, the penetrator 9 on the module 1 can also achieve an expanding effect.
• a sufficiently hard or brittle multifunction module 1, which may also be pre-fragmented or composed of segments, is thereby laterally accelerated by the core tip after fulfilling the functions described above and thus forms a further splinter ring.
• the volume between the central penetrator 9 and the fragmentation sheath 6 is empty.
• the multifunction module 1 is designed here such that it only centers the body 9, but does not exert any major lateral forces when it enters the target. This avoids that an upstream module 1 deflects the central penetrator 9, in particular in the case of more massive targets, thereby reducing its end ballistic depth performance.
• FIG. 4 shows two further examples of the embodiment of a multifunctional module 1 in front of a central penetrator 9, wherein in the arrangements shown here, the central penetrator 9 is surrounded directly by a fragmentation jacket 6.
• the multifunction module 1 takes over the function of a core hood and accelerates due to its delay in the impact on the molding the penetration of the penetrator tip 6 (upper partial image) or the material 7 located in the sleeve 4 (lower partial image).
• FIG. 5 shows two further examples of the design of a multifunctional module 1.
• the multifunction module 1 is compact and has a spherical contour.
• the fragmentation jacket 6 of the subsequent projectile body 3 is designed accordingly on the inside.
• a front splitter component 1 1 is only hinted at here.
• the multifunction module 1 has a rear contour with an outer and an inner cone in front of a splitter shell 6 and a pressurized inner volume 7. In this example, the module 1 acts on only part of the end face of the splitter shell 6.
• the medium 7 is for example, around a central body, which is not designed like a primarily armor-piercing element, but has other properties. It can e.g. Have splinter-forming properties, constitute a bed of substances or bodies or also have pyrotechnic properties. This also applies to other embodiments with a central element 7 (see, for example, Figures 2, 7, and 1 2).
• Fig. 6 shows two examples of the design of a multi-function module 1 with subsequent, mechanically loaded / dismantled conical projectile wall / splinter shell 6.
• the inner volume 8 may be empty or filled. These designs allow a variable interpretation with regard to splitter distribution and splitter size. Even in such embodiments, the inner cone of the module 1 can extend to about the length of the fragmentation sheath 6.
• a front splitter component 1 1 is indicated, which is located in front of a lenticular front contour of the module 1.
• FIG. 7 shows two examples of a self-supporting (supported) double-acting multifunction module 1. Such a support extends the design options for the subsequent projectile body 3.
• the front Contour 1 A of the module 1 causes a lateral acceleration of the attached body 1 1.
• Fig. 8 shows two further examples of multifunctional modules.
• the module 1 is supported on a splinter shell 6 and this on a subsequent further envelope segment 6. By this shaping, the forming fragments of 6 can be folded out.
• the upper partial image also contains a space 8 between the multifunctional module 1 and the inner medium of the following projectile body.
• the multifunction module is preceded by a rear conical pronucleus, which already gives it a lateral component. This is followed by a projectile body with a double-layered fragmentation casing 6 and a central penetrator 9.
• the multifunctional module 1 is based on a further module 1, which in turn is preceded by a central penetrator 9.
• the module can serve as a protective core hood, especially at high impact speeds. At the same time it can produce another splinter ring.
• the penetrator 9 can also be replaced by another medium (see commentary on FIG.
• the lateral effects are achieved by means of two multifunctional modules 1 acting in both directions in conjunction with a splinter shell 6 and a subsequent brittle inner body 7.
• This inner body can also be designed as a PELE module.
• the multifunction module 1 consists of a slim wedge. This can extend far into the hood 2 of the projectile or active body and thereby experience an axial acceleration immediately after the target contact.
• the wedge 1 expands a two-layer splitter shell, wherein the different layers may consist of different materials or may contain pre-fragmented fragment bodies.
• a layer can be introduced, for example, has good sliding properties.
• Such sliding layers can be provided in principle to mechanical effects to facilitate the gliding. In the examples given, this applies, for example, to FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12.
• FIG. 10 shows two examples with multi-layered multifunctional modules in connection with a continuous central penetrator 9.
• the upper partial image is a construction according to FIG. 1 with the parts 1A, 1B and 1C of the module 1. Between the outer skin 4 and the inner layer 7 there is a fragmentation jacket 6. In the lower partial image, the two multifunctional modules 1 slide against one another and accelerate the front and rear fragment forming elements 4, 6 and 11.
• FIG. 11 shows two examples of a multifunction module 12 with PELE function (conical sleeve 13 and working medium 14).
• the upper part of the picture is an arrangement that is open in the direction of firing.
• the multifunction module is replaced by a PELE body, which is closed with a cover 15 and radially accelerates the front part of the projectile.
• the following bullet section is to be designed arbitrarily.
• Fig. 1 2 shows two examples with a multifunction module 1 and subsequent multifunction module 1 2 with PELE function according to FIG.
• the module 12 is supported on the back on a second working medium 7, so that the fragmentation jacket 6 or the shell 4 experience different lateral speeds.
• the projectile body can be composed, for example, of individual splinter-forming rings 6.
• the multifunction module 1 has a lateral function which is effective in both axial directions.
• the module with PELE function 1 2 is supported here on a rigid body 7. This may be traversed or followed by a PELE module.
• Multifunctional module A Front surface (contours) of 1 B Middle part of 1 C Rear surface (contour) of 1 bullet point / projectile hood Projectile body with fragment forming elements Sheath / jacket rear / stabilization / rear projectile part Fragmentation filled inner volume / inner body Cavity central penetrator Support for 6 1 lateral accelerated element before 1 Multifunction module with PELE effect Expander cone of 12 Working medium of 1 2 Cover for 1 2

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-05-31 DE DE102006025330A patent/DE102006025330A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-05-15 WO PCT/EP2007/004298 patent/WO2007137697A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-05-15 DE DE502007003521T patent/DE502007003521D1/de active Active
  • 2007-05-15 AT AT07725217T patent/ATE465386T1/de active
  • 2007-05-15 EP EP07725217A patent/EP2024706B1/fr not_active Not-in-force

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