EP2001822B1 - Pyrotechnische körner mit grossen abmessungen und ihre herstellung und verwendung - Google Patents

Pyrotechnische körner mit grossen abmessungen und ihre herstellung und verwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2001822B1
EP2001822B1 EP07727712.7A EP07727712A EP2001822B1 EP 2001822 B1 EP2001822 B1 EP 2001822B1 EP 07727712 A EP07727712 A EP 07727712A EP 2001822 B1 EP2001822 B1 EP 2001822B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic
grain
granules
grains
nitrate
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Application number
EP07727712.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2001822A1 (de
Inventor
Hélène BLANCHARD
Vincent Bodart
Hugues Rocton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArianeGroup SAS
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Herakles SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to large pyrotechnic grains based on binder-free formulations, to their production, and to their use. More precisely, it relates to:
  • Gas generation has a number of applications, both in the civilian and in military fields.
  • compositions with a high combustion rate In the automotive safety sector, gas generators have been developed with a short operational duration, which use compositions with a high combustion rate. Those compositions are in the form of thin pellets (1 mm [millimeter] to 3 mm) with a small diameter (3 mm to 7 mm). This provides them with a large combustion surface, encouraging a high rate over a short period (necessary for airbag applications in automotive safety, of the driver's airbag type). The porosity of such pellets is generally less than 4%. Pelletization operations carried out to produce said pellets are well known, similar to those used in medicinal formulations.
  • compositions based on guanidine nitrate and basic copper nitrate have been used in that context (United States patent US-A_5 608 183 and United States Patent Application Publication 2004/0173922 A1 ). An attempt has even been made to improve the combustion rate ( US-A-6 143 102 ) since said combustion rate of such compositions is rather low, compared with that of other compositions used in the same field.
  • That relates to the field of slow gas generation.
  • a gas stored under pressure is generally used.
  • the use of chemical reactions or the combustion of pyrotechnic cartridges has also been mentioned.
  • the flow rate of the gas that is generated is controlled by selecting the characteristics of the propellant, the geometry of the cartridges, and/or the conditions for ejecting said generated gas, etc.
  • the present invention falls within the context of generators operation providing long duration, low flow rate, and low operating pressure.
  • the present invention proposes pyrotechnic grains that are simple in shape and that satisfy the following specifications:
  • the pyrotechnic grains of the invention are also advantageously non-aggressive for the gas generator in which they are used and for the associated system (i.e., on combustion, they generate neither particles nor corrosive species). In the same manner, the generated species are advantageously of low toxicity.
  • the pyrotechnic grain of the invention must be thick and have a small combustion area. Thus, it must be a large grain, larger than the pellets mentioned above.
  • the Applicant has obtained pyrotechnic grains, from specific oxidizing and reducing charges, which are simple in shape and that satisfy the above specifications.
  • Such pyrotechnic grains constitute the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Said pyrotechnic grains of the invention have a composition that comprises at least one (specific) oxidizing charge and at least one (specific) reducing charge, but that includes no binder.
  • they are pyrotechnic grains of the pellet type mentioned above.
  • the composition of the pyrotechnic grains of the invention generally essentially consists of at least one such (specific) oxidizing charge and at least one such (specific) reducing charge. It generally essentially consists of a (specific) oxidizing charge (an oxidizer) and a (specific) reducing charge (a reducer).
  • Said at least one specific oxidizing charge comprises basic copper nitrate.
  • it consists of basic copper nitrate.
  • Said at least one specific reducing charge comprises guanidine nitrate.
  • guanidine nitrate Preferably it consists of guanidine nitrate.
  • said pyrotechnic grains of the invention have a composition which comprises:
  • Said (monolithic) blocks are large blocks, which are simple in shape and of low porosity.
  • Said blocks have a substantially cylindrical shape. Generally, but not exclusively, they are circular cylinders or near (quasi) circular cylinders.
  • the shape of the grains of the invention is the signature of the last step of the method by which they are obtained: a compacting step (see below).
  • Said blocks may in particular consist of solid (quasi) cylinders or (quasi) cylindrical sleeves.
  • the grains in question are large objects (thickness of at least 7.5 mm, equivalent diameter (or, clearly, diameter if it is a perfect circular cylinder) of 20 mm or more), and are relatively dense (porosity in the range 1% to 8%).
  • Non-limiting dimensions of said grains are detailed below. Generally and independently :
  • said thickness and said equivalent diameter are both 75 mm or less.
  • the porosity of the blocks is in the range 1% to 8% (it should be noted here that this parameter, expressed as a percentage, corresponds to the ratio between the actual density and the theoretical density; it is in fact the difference from the theoretical density).
  • Said porosity is advantageously 5% or less. It should be recalled that the lower said porosity, the lower the dependency of the rate of combustion on the operating temperature of the grain.
  • the pyrotechnic grains of the invention which are simple in shape, being substantially cylindrical, may in particular consist of solid cylinders or sleeves.
  • the equivalent internal diameter of said sleeves is advantageously more than 10 mm; preferably, it is in the range 12 mm to 35 mm (that implies obviously a greater equivalent diameter of the sleeve).
  • composition of the pyrotechnic grains of the invention the following non-limiting details can furthermore be given.
  • the said composition of the pyrotechnic grains of the invention includes basic copper nitrate as the oxidizing charge and guanidine nitrate as the reducing charge.
  • it comprises basic copper nitrate as the only oxidizing charge and guanidine nitrate as the only reducing charge.
  • said basic copper nitrate/guanidine nitrate combination is known to have a combustion rate that is rather low relative to that of other compositions used in this field.
  • said composition also comprises:
  • the additives in question are chemical compounds that are known per se as well as for their beneficial involvement in the general production of pyrotechnic grains.
  • they may be:
  • the present invention provides the production of large pyrotechnic grains, as described above.
  • the method in question comprises a series of steps that are known per se.
  • the method of producing pyrotechnic grains of the invention comprises carrying out the following steps in succession:
  • At least one of the charges used in the powder state has a median diameter that is substantially larger than that which is used in the prior art to prepare pellets (of small dimensions).
  • a median diameter that is substantially higher ( ⁇ 4, ⁇ 6) than that known to be used in the preparation of prior art pellets.
  • guanidine nitrate with a median diameter of 200 ⁇ m [micrometer] or more be used.
  • guanidine nitrate with a median diameter of 200 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m be used.
  • Said guanidine nitrate is conventionally used for the fabrication of pellets, with a median diameter of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the granules selected are those that have a median diameter of more than 200 ⁇ m, preferably in the range 500 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m. It is thus recommended, in the context of the present invention, that basic copper nitrate/guanidine nitrate granules with a median diameter in the range 500 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m be selected.
  • a pressure in the range 15 ⁇ 10 6 Pa [pascal] to 35 ⁇ 10 6 Pa is applied for 0.1 s [second] to 30 s.
  • the method of the invention is advantageously carried out with a basic copper nitrate/guanidine nitrate combination.
  • the combustion rate of compositions based on these two elements (BCN/GN) is reduced.
  • the teaching of the present invention thus goes against that of US-A-6143 102 .
  • the present invention provides a method of generating gas, the method comprising, in conventional manner, the combustion of at least one pyrotechnic grain.
  • said method of the invention comprises the combustion of at least one pyrotechnic grain as described above (large pyrotechnic grain) and/or produced using the method described above.
  • Said gas generation method is carried out in a suitable device which, in particular, has a combustion chamber adapted to the dimensions of the original pyrotechnic charge, based on large pyrotechnic grains.
  • said device comprises:
  • Pyrotechnic grains of the invention were prepared from the following starting materials:
  • the intimate mixture of powders obtained was dry granulated in a Sahut Conreur ® type granulator (an Alexanderwerk ® type granulator would also have been suitable). Said intimate mixture of powders was forced through a screen. The granulometric distribution of the granules obtained was from 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the granules obtained were then sieved, and those with a mean diameter of more than 200 ⁇ m were selected.
  • Said selected granules were then compacted on a 35 (metric) tonne single action press.
  • the compacting pressure applied was 230 bars (23 ⁇ 10 6 Pa). It was applied for 10 s.
  • Pyrotechnic grains in accordance with the invention were obtained, which grains were cylindrical monoliths (shape of mold) with a thickness of 10 mm, a diameter of 24.6 mm, and porosity of 3%.
  • cylindrical grains were prepared as follows:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Pyrotechnisches Gegenstand,
    dessen Zusammensetzung umfasst:
    45 bis 55 Gewichts-% Guanidinnitrat,
    40 bis 50 Gewichts-% basisches Kupfernitrat,
    0 bis 5 Gewichts-% Hilfsstoffe und
    kein Bindemittel,
    in Form eines im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Blocks
    mit einer Dicke von 7,5 mm oder mehr,
    mit einem äquivalenten Durchmesser von 20 mm oder mehr und
    mit einer Porosität im Bereich von 1 bis 8 %, Grenzen eingeschlossen.
  2. Pyrotechnisches Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke des Blocks im Bereich von 10 bis 60 mm liegt, Grenzen eingeschlossen.
  3. Pyrotechnisches Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porosität des Blocks 5 % oder weniger beträgt.
  4. Pyrotechnisches Gegenstand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es in Form einer Hülse mit einem internen äquivalenten Durchmesser vorliegt, der vorteilhafterweise mehr als 10 mm beträgt.
  5. Pyrotechnisches Gegenstand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das basische Kupfernitrat die einzige oxidierende Ladung ist.
  6. Pyrotechnisches Gegenstand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Guanidinnitrat die einzige reduzierende Ladung ist.
  7. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines pyrotechnischen Gegenstands nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es umfasst:
    inniges Trocken- oder Nassmischen von Guanidinnitrat und basischem Kupfernitrat, die in Pulverform und in geeigneten relativen Mengen verwendet werden,
    Trocken- oder Nassgranulieren der erhaltenen pulverisierten Mischung,
    Größeneinteilung der erhaltenen Granula und
    Formen der zurückbehaltenen größeneingeteilten Granula mittels Verdichten,
    wobei die Eigenschaften der Anfangspulver, der zurückbehaltenen größeneingeteilten Granula und der Verdichtungsparameter ausgewählt sind, um das pyrotechnische Gegenstand herzustellen, das die besagten Dimensions- und Porositätseigenschaften aufweist.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die innige Mischung und/oder Granulierung mittels eines Trockenverfahrens ausgeführt wird/werden.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Granula mittels Sieben größeneingeteilt werden.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es umfasst:
    Verwenden von Guanidinnitrat mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von 200 µm oder mehr und/oder, vorteilhafterweise und,
    Sieben der Granula, um solche mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von mehr als 200 µm zurückzubehalten, und/oder, vorteilhafterweise und,
    Formen mittels Verdichten bei einem Druck im Bereich von 15 x 106 Pa bis 35 x 106 Pa für 0,1 bis 30 s.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mit Guanidinnitrat als der einzigen reduzierenden Ladung und mit basischem Kupfernitrat als der einzigen oxidierenden Ladung ausgeführt wird.
  12. Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Gases, umfassend Verbrennen wenigstens eines pyrotechnischen Gegenstands, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine pyrotechnische Gegenstand ein Gegenstand nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 und oder ein nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11 hergestelltes Gegenstand ist.
EP07727712.7A 2006-04-04 2007-04-03 Pyrotechnische körner mit grossen abmessungen und ihre herstellung und verwendung Active EP2001822B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0651183A FR2899227B1 (fr) 2006-04-04 2006-04-04 Objets pyrotechniques monolithes de grandes dimensions, obtention et utilisation
PCT/EP2007/053241 WO2007113299A1 (en) 2006-04-04 2007-04-03 Pyrotechnic grains of large dimensions, and their production and use

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2001822A1 EP2001822A1 (de) 2008-12-17
EP2001822B1 true EP2001822B1 (de) 2017-08-16

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EP07727712.7A Active EP2001822B1 (de) 2006-04-04 2007-04-03 Pyrotechnische körner mit grossen abmessungen und ihre herstellung und verwendung

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US20100051149A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2001822B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101415659A (de)
CA (1) CA2648108C (de)
FR (1) FR2899227B1 (de)
NO (1) NO20084308L (de)
RU (1) RU2437867C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2007113299A1 (de)

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US9193639B2 (en) 2007-03-27 2015-11-24 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Methods of manufacturing monolithic generant grains
FR2926545B1 (fr) * 2008-01-21 2010-09-17 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Composition generatrice de gaz azote, comprenant de l'azodicarbonamide et procede de generation de gaz azote par decomposition de ladite composition
DE102008020087B4 (de) * 2008-04-22 2019-10-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Pyrotechnischer Aktuator mit Filter
FR2964656B1 (fr) * 2010-09-15 2012-10-12 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Composes pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz
US9051223B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-06-09 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Generant grain assembly formed of multiple symmetric pieces
CN103214322A (zh) * 2013-05-15 2013-07-24 浏阳市合力高科发展有限公司 无硫烟火药组合物及其制造方法
FR3007659B1 (fr) 2013-06-28 2017-03-24 Herakles Procede de delivrance d'un liquide pressurise par les gaz de combustion d'au moins un chargement pyrotechnique
CN103739416B (zh) * 2013-12-17 2016-08-24 江西省李渡烟花集团有限公司 一种新型烟花银柳药
FR3022906B1 (fr) * 2014-06-30 2016-07-15 Herakles Blocs monolithiques pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz
FR3037812B1 (fr) 2015-06-29 2017-08-04 Herakles Extincteur d'incendie
CN105237315A (zh) * 2015-08-18 2016-01-13 帅银飞 一种烟花亮珠自动造粒机
WO2017205257A1 (en) 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 Tk Holdings Inc. Gas generating compositions and methods of making and using thereof
CN107698415A (zh) * 2017-10-24 2018-02-16 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 一种气体发生剂组合物、制备方法、应用及气体发生器
FR3077989B1 (fr) 2018-02-20 2021-11-19 Arianegroup Sas Extincteur d'incendie
CN109160868A (zh) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-08 湖北航天化学技术研究所 一种气囊用气体发生剂
RU2722031C1 (ru) * 2019-08-29 2020-05-26 Акционерное общество "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной химии" Пиротехнический состав красного огня
CN111548242B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2021-09-03 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 气体发生器
CN111675589B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2021-08-06 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 一种气体发生剂组合物、制备方法及其应用

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2899227A1 (fr) 2007-10-05
CA2648108A1 (en) 2007-10-11
EP2001822A1 (de) 2008-12-17
RU2437867C2 (ru) 2011-12-27
NO20084308L (no) 2008-10-23
RU2008142975A (ru) 2010-05-10
CN101415659A (zh) 2009-04-22
US20100051149A1 (en) 2010-03-04
FR2899227B1 (fr) 2008-10-24
CA2648108C (en) 2014-04-22
WO2007113299A1 (en) 2007-10-11

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