EP2001822B1 - Granules pyrotechniques de grandes dimensions, leur production et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Granules pyrotechniques de grandes dimensions, leur production et leur utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2001822B1
EP2001822B1 EP07727712.7A EP07727712A EP2001822B1 EP 2001822 B1 EP2001822 B1 EP 2001822B1 EP 07727712 A EP07727712 A EP 07727712A EP 2001822 B1 EP2001822 B1 EP 2001822B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic
grain
granules
grains
nitrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07727712.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2001822A1 (fr
Inventor
Hélène BLANCHARD
Vincent Bodart
Hugues Rocton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArianeGroup SAS
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Herakles SA
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Publication of EP2001822A1 publication Critical patent/EP2001822A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to large pyrotechnic grains based on binder-free formulations, to their production, and to their use. More precisely, it relates to:
  • Gas generation has a number of applications, both in the civilian and in military fields.
  • compositions with a high combustion rate In the automotive safety sector, gas generators have been developed with a short operational duration, which use compositions with a high combustion rate. Those compositions are in the form of thin pellets (1 mm [millimeter] to 3 mm) with a small diameter (3 mm to 7 mm). This provides them with a large combustion surface, encouraging a high rate over a short period (necessary for airbag applications in automotive safety, of the driver's airbag type). The porosity of such pellets is generally less than 4%. Pelletization operations carried out to produce said pellets are well known, similar to those used in medicinal formulations.
  • compositions based on guanidine nitrate and basic copper nitrate have been used in that context (United States patent US-A_5 608 183 and United States Patent Application Publication 2004/0173922 A1 ). An attempt has even been made to improve the combustion rate ( US-A-6 143 102 ) since said combustion rate of such compositions is rather low, compared with that of other compositions used in the same field.
  • That relates to the field of slow gas generation.
  • a gas stored under pressure is generally used.
  • the use of chemical reactions or the combustion of pyrotechnic cartridges has also been mentioned.
  • the flow rate of the gas that is generated is controlled by selecting the characteristics of the propellant, the geometry of the cartridges, and/or the conditions for ejecting said generated gas, etc.
  • the present invention falls within the context of generators operation providing long duration, low flow rate, and low operating pressure.
  • the present invention proposes pyrotechnic grains that are simple in shape and that satisfy the following specifications:
  • the pyrotechnic grains of the invention are also advantageously non-aggressive for the gas generator in which they are used and for the associated system (i.e., on combustion, they generate neither particles nor corrosive species). In the same manner, the generated species are advantageously of low toxicity.
  • the pyrotechnic grain of the invention must be thick and have a small combustion area. Thus, it must be a large grain, larger than the pellets mentioned above.
  • the Applicant has obtained pyrotechnic grains, from specific oxidizing and reducing charges, which are simple in shape and that satisfy the above specifications.
  • Such pyrotechnic grains constitute the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Said pyrotechnic grains of the invention have a composition that comprises at least one (specific) oxidizing charge and at least one (specific) reducing charge, but that includes no binder.
  • they are pyrotechnic grains of the pellet type mentioned above.
  • the composition of the pyrotechnic grains of the invention generally essentially consists of at least one such (specific) oxidizing charge and at least one such (specific) reducing charge. It generally essentially consists of a (specific) oxidizing charge (an oxidizer) and a (specific) reducing charge (a reducer).
  • Said at least one specific oxidizing charge comprises basic copper nitrate.
  • it consists of basic copper nitrate.
  • Said at least one specific reducing charge comprises guanidine nitrate.
  • guanidine nitrate Preferably it consists of guanidine nitrate.
  • said pyrotechnic grains of the invention have a composition which comprises:
  • Said (monolithic) blocks are large blocks, which are simple in shape and of low porosity.
  • Said blocks have a substantially cylindrical shape. Generally, but not exclusively, they are circular cylinders or near (quasi) circular cylinders.
  • the shape of the grains of the invention is the signature of the last step of the method by which they are obtained: a compacting step (see below).
  • Said blocks may in particular consist of solid (quasi) cylinders or (quasi) cylindrical sleeves.
  • the grains in question are large objects (thickness of at least 7.5 mm, equivalent diameter (or, clearly, diameter if it is a perfect circular cylinder) of 20 mm or more), and are relatively dense (porosity in the range 1% to 8%).
  • Non-limiting dimensions of said grains are detailed below. Generally and independently :
  • said thickness and said equivalent diameter are both 75 mm or less.
  • the porosity of the blocks is in the range 1% to 8% (it should be noted here that this parameter, expressed as a percentage, corresponds to the ratio between the actual density and the theoretical density; it is in fact the difference from the theoretical density).
  • Said porosity is advantageously 5% or less. It should be recalled that the lower said porosity, the lower the dependency of the rate of combustion on the operating temperature of the grain.
  • the pyrotechnic grains of the invention which are simple in shape, being substantially cylindrical, may in particular consist of solid cylinders or sleeves.
  • the equivalent internal diameter of said sleeves is advantageously more than 10 mm; preferably, it is in the range 12 mm to 35 mm (that implies obviously a greater equivalent diameter of the sleeve).
  • composition of the pyrotechnic grains of the invention the following non-limiting details can furthermore be given.
  • the said composition of the pyrotechnic grains of the invention includes basic copper nitrate as the oxidizing charge and guanidine nitrate as the reducing charge.
  • it comprises basic copper nitrate as the only oxidizing charge and guanidine nitrate as the only reducing charge.
  • said basic copper nitrate/guanidine nitrate combination is known to have a combustion rate that is rather low relative to that of other compositions used in this field.
  • said composition also comprises:
  • the additives in question are chemical compounds that are known per se as well as for their beneficial involvement in the general production of pyrotechnic grains.
  • they may be:
  • the present invention provides the production of large pyrotechnic grains, as described above.
  • the method in question comprises a series of steps that are known per se.
  • the method of producing pyrotechnic grains of the invention comprises carrying out the following steps in succession:
  • At least one of the charges used in the powder state has a median diameter that is substantially larger than that which is used in the prior art to prepare pellets (of small dimensions).
  • a median diameter that is substantially higher ( ⁇ 4, ⁇ 6) than that known to be used in the preparation of prior art pellets.
  • guanidine nitrate with a median diameter of 200 ⁇ m [micrometer] or more be used.
  • guanidine nitrate with a median diameter of 200 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m be used.
  • Said guanidine nitrate is conventionally used for the fabrication of pellets, with a median diameter of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the granules selected are those that have a median diameter of more than 200 ⁇ m, preferably in the range 500 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m. It is thus recommended, in the context of the present invention, that basic copper nitrate/guanidine nitrate granules with a median diameter in the range 500 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m be selected.
  • a pressure in the range 15 ⁇ 10 6 Pa [pascal] to 35 ⁇ 10 6 Pa is applied for 0.1 s [second] to 30 s.
  • the method of the invention is advantageously carried out with a basic copper nitrate/guanidine nitrate combination.
  • the combustion rate of compositions based on these two elements (BCN/GN) is reduced.
  • the teaching of the present invention thus goes against that of US-A-6143 102 .
  • the present invention provides a method of generating gas, the method comprising, in conventional manner, the combustion of at least one pyrotechnic grain.
  • said method of the invention comprises the combustion of at least one pyrotechnic grain as described above (large pyrotechnic grain) and/or produced using the method described above.
  • Said gas generation method is carried out in a suitable device which, in particular, has a combustion chamber adapted to the dimensions of the original pyrotechnic charge, based on large pyrotechnic grains.
  • said device comprises:
  • Pyrotechnic grains of the invention were prepared from the following starting materials:
  • the intimate mixture of powders obtained was dry granulated in a Sahut Conreur ® type granulator (an Alexanderwerk ® type granulator would also have been suitable). Said intimate mixture of powders was forced through a screen. The granulometric distribution of the granules obtained was from 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the granules obtained were then sieved, and those with a mean diameter of more than 200 ⁇ m were selected.
  • Said selected granules were then compacted on a 35 (metric) tonne single action press.
  • the compacting pressure applied was 230 bars (23 ⁇ 10 6 Pa). It was applied for 10 s.
  • Pyrotechnic grains in accordance with the invention were obtained, which grains were cylindrical monoliths (shape of mold) with a thickness of 10 mm, a diameter of 24.6 mm, and porosity of 3%.
  • cylindrical grains were prepared as follows:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Objet pyrotechnique
    dont la composition comprend :
    ▪ 45 % à 55 % en masse de nitrate de guanidine ;
    ▪ 40 % à 50 % en masse de nitrate basique de cuivre ;
    ▪ 0 à 5 % en masse d'additifs ; et
    pas de liant ;
    sous la forme d'un bloc sensiblement cylindrique :
    ▪ dont l'épaisseur est de 7,5 mm ou plus;
    ▪ dont le diamètre équivalent est de 20 mm ou plus; et
    ▪ dont la porosité est comprise entre 1 % et 8 %, valeurs limites incluses.
  2. Objet pyrotechnique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur dudit bloc est comprise entre 10 mm et 60 mm, valeurs limites incluses.
  3. Objet pyrotechnique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la porosité dudit bloc est de 5 % ou moins.
  4. Objet pyrotechnique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il se présente sous la forme d'un manchon, dont le diamètre équivalent interne est avantageusement de plus de 10 mm.
  5. Objet pyrotechnique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le nitrate basique de cuivre est l'unique charge oxydante.
  6. Objet pyrotechnique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le nitrate de guanidine est l'unique charge réductrice.
  7. Procédé d'obtention d'un objet pyrotechnique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
    - le mélange intime, mis en oeuvre par voie sèche ou par voie humide, du nitrate de guanidine et du nitrate basique de cuivre utilisés à l'état de poudre et en quantité relatives adéquates ;
    - la granulation, mise en oeuvre par voie sèche ou par voie humide, du mélange pulvérulent obtenu ;
    - le calibrage des granulés obtenus ; et
    - la mise en forme des granulés calibrés retenus par compactage ;
    les caractéristiques des poudres de départ, des granulés calibrés retenus ainsi que les paramètres du compactage étant choisis pour l'obtention dudit objet pyrotechnique aux caractéristiques, de dimensionnement et de porosité, énoncées.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le mélange intime ou(et) la granulation est(sont) mis en oeuvre par voie sèche.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que les granulés sont calibrés par tamisage.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
    . l'emploi de nitrate de guanidine dont le diamètre médian est de 200 µm ou plus ; et/ou, avantageusement et
    . le tamisage des granulés pour retenir ceux dont le diamètre médian est de plus de 200 µm ; et/ou, avantageusement et
    . la mise en forme par compactage à une pression comprise entre 15 x 106 Pa et 35 x 106 Pa pendant 0,1 s à 30 s.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il est mis en oeuvre avec du nitrate de guanidine comme unique charge réductrice et du nitrate basique de cuivre comme unique charge oxydante.
  12. Procédé de génération de gaz, comprenant la combustion d'au moins un objet pyrotechnique, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un objet pyrotechnique est un objet selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 et/ou un objet obtenu selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11.
EP07727712.7A 2006-04-04 2007-04-03 Granules pyrotechniques de grandes dimensions, leur production et leur utilisation Active EP2001822B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0651183A FR2899227B1 (fr) 2006-04-04 2006-04-04 Objets pyrotechniques monolithes de grandes dimensions, obtention et utilisation
PCT/EP2007/053241 WO2007113299A1 (fr) 2006-04-04 2007-04-03 Granules pyrotechniques de grandes dimensions, leur production et leur utilisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2001822A1 EP2001822A1 (fr) 2008-12-17
EP2001822B1 true EP2001822B1 (fr) 2017-08-16

Family

ID=37806959

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07727712.7A Active EP2001822B1 (fr) 2006-04-04 2007-04-03 Granules pyrotechniques de grandes dimensions, leur production et leur utilisation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20100051149A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2001822B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101415659A (fr)
CA (1) CA2648108C (fr)
FR (1) FR2899227B1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20084308L (fr)
RU (1) RU2437867C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007113299A1 (fr)

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US9193639B2 (en) 2007-03-27 2015-11-24 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Methods of manufacturing monolithic generant grains
FR2926545B1 (fr) 2008-01-21 2010-09-17 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Composition generatrice de gaz azote, comprenant de l'azodicarbonamide et procede de generation de gaz azote par decomposition de ladite composition
DE102008020087B4 (de) * 2008-04-22 2019-10-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Pyrotechnischer Aktuator mit Filter
FR2964656B1 (fr) * 2010-09-15 2012-10-12 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Composes pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz
US9051223B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-06-09 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Generant grain assembly formed of multiple symmetric pieces
CN103214322A (zh) * 2013-05-15 2013-07-24 浏阳市合力高科发展有限公司 无硫烟火药组合物及其制造方法
FR3007659B1 (fr) 2013-06-28 2017-03-24 Herakles Procede de delivrance d'un liquide pressurise par les gaz de combustion d'au moins un chargement pyrotechnique
CN103739416B (zh) * 2013-12-17 2016-08-24 江西省李渡烟花集团有限公司 一种新型烟花银柳药
FR3022906B1 (fr) * 2014-06-30 2016-07-15 Herakles Blocs monolithiques pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz
FR3037812B1 (fr) 2015-06-29 2017-08-04 Herakles Extincteur d'incendie
CN105237315A (zh) * 2015-08-18 2016-01-13 帅银飞 一种烟花亮珠自动造粒机
WO2017205257A1 (fr) 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 Tk Holdings Inc. Compositions de generation de gaz et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation associés
CN107698415A (zh) * 2017-10-24 2018-02-16 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 一种气体发生剂组合物、制备方法、应用及气体发生器
FR3077989B1 (fr) 2018-02-20 2021-11-19 Arianegroup Sas Extincteur d'incendie
CN109160868A (zh) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-08 湖北航天化学技术研究所 一种气囊用气体发生剂
RU2722031C1 (ru) * 2019-08-29 2020-05-26 Акционерное общество "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной химии" Пиротехнический состав красного огня
CN111548242B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2021-09-03 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 气体发生器
CN111675589B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2021-08-06 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 一种气体发生剂组合物、制备方法及其应用

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007113299A1 (fr) 2007-10-11
CA2648108C (fr) 2014-04-22
FR2899227B1 (fr) 2008-10-24
EP2001822A1 (fr) 2008-12-17
CA2648108A1 (fr) 2007-10-11
RU2008142975A (ru) 2010-05-10
RU2437867C2 (ru) 2011-12-27
US20100051149A1 (en) 2010-03-04
CN101415659A (zh) 2009-04-22
NO20084308L (no) 2008-10-23
FR2899227A1 (fr) 2007-10-05

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