EP1996739A1 - Use of a heat exchanger tube - Google Patents

Use of a heat exchanger tube

Info

Publication number
EP1996739A1
EP1996739A1 EP07711975A EP07711975A EP1996739A1 EP 1996739 A1 EP1996739 A1 EP 1996739A1 EP 07711975 A EP07711975 A EP 07711975A EP 07711975 A EP07711975 A EP 07711975A EP 1996739 A1 EP1996739 A1 EP 1996739A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
exchanger tube
tube according
tube
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07711975A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1996739B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Beutler
Johann Gschaider
Robert Klöckler
Hans-Achim Kuhn
Eberhard Lepin
Christoph Walther
Rolf Wamsler
Martin Straub
Wolfgang Zeiler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Werke AG
Original Assignee
Wieland Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Werke AG filed Critical Wieland Werke AG
Publication of EP1996739A1 publication Critical patent/EP1996739A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1996739B1 publication Critical patent/EP1996739B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/085—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from copper or copper alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of a heat exchanger tube made of a copper alloy.
  • CO2 as a natural refrigerant that does not contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer and is neutral in its direct contribution to the greenhouse effect, is an ecologically interesting and economically viable alternative to the HFC refrigerants currently used in Europe, depending on the application and context.
  • the working range of the refrigerant CO2 is at pressures up to 130 bar and thus far above the usual for CFC and HFC safety refrigerants pressures up to 35 bar. But Depending on the application, permissible pressures of up to 50 bar are also required for evaporators, in particular if hot gas defrosting is provided.
  • Heat exchangers are used, difficult to realize, since very large pipe wall thicknesses are to be used, with corresponding negative effects on the processability, in particular the expansion and bending, the weight of the heat exchanger and the equipment costs. Instead, it is now state of the art to use pipes made of hot-dip galvanized steel or stainless steel, with which the said pressures are relatively easy to control.
  • the invention includes the technical teaching, a heat exchanger tube consisting of a copper alloy containing the alloying elements [in% by weight] 0.05-3% Fe, 0.01-0.15% P, and optionally 0.05- 0.2% Zn 0.02 - 0.05% Sn and the remainder contains Cu and unavoidable impurities to be used as a gas cooler, condenser or evaporator tube of a CO2 refrigerating machine or heat pump.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a heat exchanger tube with an inside substantially smooth or textured surface for use in the gas cooler, condenser or evaporator of a working with CO2 chiller or heat pump is used. In this context, the term includes on the inside substantially smooth also by welding seams resulting surfaces.
  • the working medium CO2 flows on the inside of the heat exchanger tubes and, depending on the temperature conditions of the specific application, has a pressure position that clearly stands out from the pressures known for CFC and HFC safety refrigerants and places high demands on the pressure resistance of the tubes used.
  • the particular advantage is that by the higher-strength Cu alloys according to the invention, which allow small wall thicknesses even at high pressure levels, thus significant material savings and thus weight and cost advantages can be achieved.
  • these Cu alloys have excellent processing properties, especially expansion, bending and brazing.
  • the pipe outside diameter may be in the range of 3 to 16 mm.
  • the ratio of the wall thickness to the pipe outside diameter can be advantageously selected in the range of 0.025 to 0.08. This results in pipe wall thicknesses which are in the similar size range as today for HFC safety refrigerants usually used copper tubes are made of Cu-DHP and thus can be expected very good properties with respect to the further processing,
  • the pipe material may have a yield strength R p o , 2 over 160 N / mm 2 . It is further preferred that the tube material has a tensile strength R m above 300 N / mm 2 . This results, for example, for a pipe with an outer diameter of 9.52 mm and an operating pressure of 130 bar necessary pipe wall thicknesses of at most 0.55 mm and thus a material saving of more than 40% compared to pipes made of Cu-DHP.
  • the heat exchanger tube may be formed of a strip material and have a weld.
  • welds come into consideration, which extend in the axial direction or are spirally encircling.
  • As a possible joining method for pipe production is particularly suitable for the high-frequency welding process. This results in particular advantages over other joining methods on the one hand, realizable high production speeds and, secondly, a microstructure state, which after a usually following annealing process has no loss of strength over the material not influenced by the joining process.
  • the heat exchanger tube may be seamless.
  • seamless tubes and welded tubes may be considered equivalent in the use of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Use of a heat exchanger tube as gas cooler, condenser or vaporizer tube of a refrigeration machine operating with carbon dioxide or a heat pump. The heat exchanger tube is made from a copper alloy containing (in wt.%) 0.05-3 iron, 0.01-0.15 phosphorus, 0.05-0.2 zinc, 0.02-0.05 tin and a balance of copper.

Description

B e s c h r e i b u n g Description
Verwendung eines WärmeaustauscherrohrsUse of a heat exchanger tube
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs aus einer Kupferlegierung.The present invention relates to the use of a heat exchanger tube made of a copper alloy.
Nachdem die chlorhaltigen Sicherheitskältemittel (FCKW) aufgrund ihrer ozonschädigenden Wirkung durch chlorfreie Sicherheitskältemittel (HFKW) ersetzt wurden, kam schon bald die Diskussion um deren hohes Treibhauspotential auf. Vermehrt in den Blick rückten aus diesem Grund die natürlichen Kältemittel, vor allem CO2.After the chlorine-containing safety refrigerants (CFCs) were replaced by chlorine-free safety refrigerants (HFCs) due to their ozone-damaging effect, the discussion about their high global warming potential soon came up. For this reason, the natural refrigerants, especially CO2, increasingly came into view.
CO2 ist als natürliches Kältemittel, das nicht zur Zerstörung der Ozonschicht beiträgt und sich bezüglich des direkten Beitrags zum Treibhauseffekt neutral verhält, eine ökologisch interessante und je nach Anwendung und Rahmenbedingung wirtschaftliche Alternative zu den heute in Europa überwiegend eingesetzten HFKW-Kältemittefn.CO2, as a natural refrigerant that does not contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer and is neutral in its direct contribution to the greenhouse effect, is an ecologically interesting and economically viable alternative to the HFC refrigerants currently used in Europe, depending on the application and context.
So sind in der Kältetechnik Anwendungen im Kaskadenbetrieb mit NH3 bekannt, in denen CO2 Verdampfer und Kondensatoren im unterkritischen Betrieb eingesetzt werden, aber auch transkritische CO2-Kälteprozesse und -Wärmepumpen, in denen der Verdampfer unterhalb und der dem Kondensator entsprechende Gaskühler oberhalb des kritischen Punktes von CO2 arbeiten.In the refrigeration industry, for example, applications in cascade operation with NH3 are known, in which CO2 evaporators and condensers are used in subcritical operation, but also transcritical CO2 refrigeration processes and heat pumps in which the evaporator below and the condenser corresponding gas cooler above the critical point of CO2 work.
Insbesondere im letzteren Fall des Gaskühlers liegt der Arbeitsbereich des Kältemittel CO2 bei Drücken bis zu 130 bar und somit weit oberhalb der bei FCKW- und HFKW-Sicherheitskältemitteln üblichen Drücke bis zu 35 bar. Aber auch für Verdampfer werden je nach Anwendung zulässige Drücke bis 50 bar gefordert, insbesondere wenn eine Heißgasabtauung vorgesehen ist.Especially in the latter case of the gas cooler, the working range of the refrigerant CO2 is at pressures up to 130 bar and thus far above the usual for CFC and HFC safety refrigerants pressures up to 35 bar. But Depending on the application, permissible pressures of up to 50 bar are also required for evaporators, in particular if hot gas defrosting is provided.
Diese Druckanforderungen sind mit Kupferrohren aus Cu-DHP, welche üblicher- weise in mit FCKW- und HFKW-Sicherheitkältemitteln betriebenenThese pressure requirements are with copper pipes made of Cu-DHP, which are usually operated with CFC and HFC safety refrigerants
Wärmeaustauschern eingesetzt werden, nur schwer zu realisieren, da sehr große Rohrwandstärken einzusetzen sind, mit entsprechend negativen Auswirkungen auf die Verarbeitbarkeit, insbesondere das Aufweiten und Biegen, das Gewicht des Wärmeaustauschers und die Apparatekosten. Stattdessen ist es heute Stand der Technik, Rohre aus feuerverzinktem Stahl oder Edelstahl einzusetzen, mit denen die genannten Drücke relativ einfach zu beherrschen sind.Heat exchangers are used, difficult to realize, since very large pipe wall thicknesses are to be used, with corresponding negative effects on the processability, in particular the expansion and bending, the weight of the heat exchanger and the equipment costs. Instead, it is now state of the art to use pipes made of hot-dip galvanized steel or stainless steel, with which the said pressures are relatively easy to control.
Allerdings weisen auch die bisher eingesetzten Rohre aus Stahl bzw. Edelstahl deutliche Nachteile gegenüber Kupfer in Bezug auf die Verarbeitbarkeit, die Effizienz und die Kosten auf, so dass der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde liegt, Alternativlösungen zu suchen, die auch bei hohen Drucklagen den Einsatz von Kupferlegierungen bei kleinen Rohrwandstärken erlauben.However, even the previously used steel or stainless steel tubes have significant disadvantages compared to copper in terms of processability, efficiency and cost, so that the invention is based on the object to seek alternative solutions, the use of high pressure conditions Allow copper alloys with small pipe wall thicknesses.
Die Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 wiedergegeben. Die weiteren rückbezogenen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The invention is represented by the features of claim 1. The other dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention.
Die Erfindung schließt die technische Lehre ein, ein Wärmeaustauscherrohr, bestehend aus einer Kupferlegierung, welche die Legierungselemente [in Gew.-%] 0,05 - 3 % Fe, 0,01 - 0,15 % P, und wahlweise 0,05 - 0,2 % Zn 0,02 - 0,05 % Sn und Rest Cu sowie unvermeidliche Verunreinigungen enthält, als Gaskühler-, Kondensator- oder Verdampferrohr einer mit CO2 arbeitenden Kältemaschine oder Wärmepumpe zu verwenden. Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass ein Wärmeaustauscherrohr mit einer innenseitig im Wesentlichen glatten oder strukturierten Oberfläche zum Einsatz im Gaskühler, Kondensator oder Verdampfer einer mit CO2 arbeitenden Kältemaschine oder Wärmepumpe verwendet wird. In diesem Zusammenhang schließt der Begriff innenseitig im Wesentlichen glatt auch durch Schweißnähte entstehende Oberflächen mit ein. Das Arbeitsmedium CO2 fließt dabei auf der Innenseite der Wärmeaustauscherrohre und weist abhängig von den Temperaturbedingungen der speziellen Anwendung eine Drucklage auf, die sich deutlich von den für FCKW- und HFKW-Sicherheitskältemitteln bekannten Drücken abhebt und hohe Anforderungen an die Druckbeständigkeit der eingesetzten Rohre stellt.The invention includes the technical teaching, a heat exchanger tube consisting of a copper alloy containing the alloying elements [in% by weight] 0.05-3% Fe, 0.01-0.15% P, and optionally 0.05- 0.2% Zn 0.02 - 0.05% Sn and the remainder contains Cu and unavoidable impurities to be used as a gas cooler, condenser or evaporator tube of a CO2 refrigerating machine or heat pump. The invention is based on the consideration that a heat exchanger tube with an inside substantially smooth or textured surface for use in the gas cooler, condenser or evaporator of a working with CO2 chiller or heat pump is used. In this context, the term includes on the inside substantially smooth also by welding seams resulting surfaces. The working medium CO2 flows on the inside of the heat exchanger tubes and, depending on the temperature conditions of the specific application, has a pressure position that clearly stands out from the pressures known for CFC and HFC safety refrigerants and places high demands on the pressure resistance of the tubes used.
Bisher wurden in entsprechenden Anwendungen zumeist Edelstahle und Stähle bevorzugt eingesetzt, da die in der Kälte-/Klimatechnik sonst üblichen Kupferrohre aus Cu-DHP aufgrund der Drucklage und der erforderlichen großen Wandstärken bisher hohe Kostennachteile aufwiesen.So far, stainless steels and steels have usually been used preferentially in corresponding applications since the copper pipes made of Cu-DHP which are otherwise customary in refrigeration / air conditioning technology have hitherto had high cost disadvantages due to the pressure situation and the required large wall thicknesses.
Der besondere Vorteil besteht darin, dass durch die erfindungsgemäßen höherfesten Cu-Legierungen, die auch bei hohen Drucklagen kleine Wandstärken erlauben, somit deutliche Materialeinsparungen ermöglicht und dadurch Gewichts- und Kostenvorteile erzielt werden. Zudem weisen diese Cu-Legierungen exzellente Eigenschaften bei der Verarbeitung, insbesondere dem Aufweiten, Biegen und Löten auf.The particular advantage is that by the higher-strength Cu alloys according to the invention, which allow small wall thicknesses even at high pressure levels, thus significant material savings and thus weight and cost advantages can be achieved. In addition, these Cu alloys have excellent processing properties, especially expansion, bending and brazing.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Rohraußendurchmesser im Bereich von 3 -16 mm liegen. In diesem Zusammenhang kann das Verhältnis der Wandstärke zum Rohraußendurchmesser vorteilhafterweise im Bereich von 0,025 bis 0,08 gewählt werden. Hierdurch ergeben sich Rohrwandstärken, welche im ähnlichen Größenbereich wie heute für HFKW-Sicherheitskältemittel üblicherweise verwendete Kupferrohre aus Cu-DHP liegen und somit sehr gute Eigenschaften bzgl. der Weiterverarbeitbarkeit erwarten lassen,In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pipe outside diameter may be in the range of 3 to 16 mm. In this connection, the ratio of the wall thickness to the pipe outside diameter can be advantageously selected in the range of 0.025 to 0.08. This results in pipe wall thicknesses which are in the similar size range as today for HFC safety refrigerants usually used copper tubes are made of Cu-DHP and thus can be expected very good properties with respect to the further processing,
In bevorzugter Weiterbildung kann das Rohrmaterial eine Dehngrenze Rpo,2 Über 160 N/mm2 aufweisen. Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, dass das Rohrmaterial eine Zugfestigkeit Rm über 300 N/mm2 besitzt. Hierdurch ergeben sich zum Beispiel für ein Rohr mit Außendurchmesser 9,52mm und einem Betriebsdruck von 130 bar notwendige Rohrwandstärken von höchstens 0,55 mm und damit eine Materialeinsparung von mehr als 40 % gegenüber Rohren aus Cu-DHP.In a preferred development, the pipe material may have a yield strength R p o , 2 over 160 N / mm 2 . It is further preferred that the tube material has a tensile strength R m above 300 N / mm 2 . This results, for example, for a pipe with an outer diameter of 9.52 mm and an operating pressure of 130 bar necessary pipe wall thicknesses of at most 0.55 mm and thus a material saving of more than 40% compared to pipes made of Cu-DHP.
Vorzugsweise kann das Wärmeaustauscherrohr aus einem Bandmaterial geformt sein und eine Schweißnaht aufweisen. Dabei kommen auch Schweißnähte in Betracht, die sich in axialer Richtung erstrecken oder spiralig umlaufend sind. Als mögliches Fügeverfahren zur Rohrherstellung eignet sich insbesondere das Hochfrequenzschweißverfahren. Hierdurch ergeben sich als besondere Vorteile gegenüber anderen Fügeverfahren zum einen realisierbare hohe Fertigungsgeschwindigkeiten und zum anderen ein Gefügezustand, der nach einem üblicherweise folgenden Glühprozess keine Festigkeitseinbußen gegenüber dem vom Fügeprozess nicht beeinflussten Material aufweist.Preferably, the heat exchanger tube may be formed of a strip material and have a weld. In this case, welds come into consideration, which extend in the axial direction or are spirally encircling. As a possible joining method for pipe production is particularly suitable for the high-frequency welding process. This results in particular advantages over other joining methods on the one hand, realizable high production speeds and, secondly, a microstructure state, which after a usually following annealing process has no loss of strength over the material not influenced by the joining process.
Alternativ kann das Wärmeaustauscherrohr nahtlos sein. Nahtlose Rohre und geschweißte Rohre können jedoch in der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung als gleichwertig angesehen werden.Alternatively, the heat exchanger tube may be seamless. However, seamless tubes and welded tubes may be considered equivalent in the use of the invention.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich, wenn die Oberfläche der Innenseite des Rohres strukturiert ist. Hierdurch lassen sich der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient und damit die Wärmeübertragungsleistung steigern. Further advantages arise when the surface of the inside of the tube is structured. This can increase the heat transfer coefficient and thus the heat transfer performance.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs, bestehend aus einer Kupferlegierung, welche die Legierungselemente [in Gew.-%]1. Use of a heat exchanger tube consisting of a copper alloy containing the alloying elements [in% by weight]
0,05 - 3 % Fe, 0,01 - 0,15 % P, und wahlweise 0,05 - 0,2 % Zn 0,02 - 0,05 % Sn und Rest Cu sowie unvermeidliche Verunreinigungen enthält, als Gaskühler-, Kondensator- oder Verdampferrohr einer mit CO2 arbeitenden Kältemaschine oder Wärmepumpe.0.05 - 3% Fe, 0.01 - 0.15% P, and optionally 0.05 - 0.2% Zn 0.02 - 0.05% Sn and balance Cu and inevitable impurities, as gas cooler, Condenser or evaporator tube of a CO2 chiller or heat pump.
2. Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohraußendurchmesser im Bereich von 3 -16 mm liegt.2. Use of a heat exchanger tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe outer diameter is in the range of 3 -16 mm.
3. Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der Wandstärke zum3. Use of a heat exchanger tube according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the wall thickness to
Rohraußendurchmesser im Bereich von 0,025 bis 0,08 liegt.Outer tube diameter is in the range of 0.025 to 0.08.
4. Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohrmaterial eine Dehngrenze Rpo,2 über 160 N/mm2 aufweist.4. Use of a heat exchanger tube according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tube material has a yield strength R p o , 2 over 160 N / mm 2 .
5. Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohrmaterial eine Zugfestigkeit5. Use of a heat exchanger tube according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tube material has a tensile strength
Rm über 300 N/mm2 aufweist. R m has more than 300 N / mm 2 .
6. Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmeaustauscherrohr aus einem Bandmaterial geformt ist und eine Schweißnaht aufweist.6. Use of a heat exchanger tube according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger tube is formed from a strip material and having a weld.
7. Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmeaustauscherrohr nahtlos ist.7. Use of a heat exchanger tube according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger tube is seamless.
8. Verwendung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche der Innenseite des8. Use of a heat exchanger tube according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the surface of the inside of the
Rohres strukturiert ist. Tube is structured.
EP07711975A 2006-03-23 2007-03-17 Use of a heat exchanger tube Active EP1996739B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006013384A DE102006013384B4 (en) 2006-03-23 2006-03-23 Use of a heat exchanger tube
PCT/EP2007/002379 WO2007110165A1 (en) 2006-03-23 2007-03-17 Use of a heat exchanger tube

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1996739A1 true EP1996739A1 (en) 2008-12-03
EP1996739B1 EP1996739B1 (en) 2011-07-27

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Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20090301701A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1996739B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009530581A (en)
CN (1) CN101395289B (en)
AT (1) ATE518013T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102006013384B4 (en)
DK (1) DK1996739T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2370352T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2007110165A1 (en)

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DE102006013384A1 (en) 2007-09-27
CN101395289A (en) 2009-03-25
ES2370352T3 (en) 2011-12-14
DK1996739T3 (en) 2011-11-21
DE102006013384B4 (en) 2009-10-22
WO2007110165A1 (en) 2007-10-04
CN101395289B (en) 2011-10-12
US20090301701A1 (en) 2009-12-10
EP1996739B1 (en) 2011-07-27
JP2009530581A (en) 2009-08-27
ATE518013T1 (en) 2011-08-15

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