EP1992891B1 - Condenser, in particular for an automobile air-conditioning circuit, and circuit comprising such a condenser - Google Patents

Condenser, in particular for an automobile air-conditioning circuit, and circuit comprising such a condenser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1992891B1
EP1992891B1 EP08158983.0A EP08158983A EP1992891B1 EP 1992891 B1 EP1992891 B1 EP 1992891B1 EP 08158983 A EP08158983 A EP 08158983A EP 1992891 B1 EP1992891 B1 EP 1992891B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
condenser
fluid
pass
condenser according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP08158983.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1992891A1 (en
Inventor
Carlos Martins
Jérôme GENOIST
Jacques Hoffnung
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/043—Condensers made by assembling plate-like or laminated elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/044—Condensers with an integrated receiver
    • F25B2339/0441—Condensers with an integrated receiver containing a drier or a filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/044—Condensers with an integrated receiver
    • F25B2339/0443—Condensers with an integrated receiver the receiver being positioned horizontally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0084—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to air conditioning circuits of motor vehicles.
  • Modern motor vehicles are frequently equipped with an air conditioning circuit of their cabin.
  • These circuits include in particular a condenser, in which an air conditioning fluid in the gaseous state is cooled so as to be condensed.
  • the invention relates as well to a condenser itself as to such exchangers.
  • condenser In order not to burden the rest of the text, only the term condenser will be used. However, it should be understood that it covers both a heat exchanger intended to allow the condensation of a fluid, a heat exchanger designed to allow a simple cooling of the fluid of an air conditioning circuit of a motor vehicle.
  • the currently known condensers generally consist of a bundle of tubes connected at each of their ends to manifolds.
  • the tubes are provided with heat exchange surfaces such as fins or corrugated inserts. They are cooled by heat exchange with atmospheric air and, for this purpose, they are placed at the front of the motor vehicle, usually in front of the radiator of the engine cooling circuit.
  • condensers consisting of a multiplicity of stacked common plates, assembled to define first flow channels for a refrigerating fluid that alternate with second flow channels for a cooling fluid.
  • a condenser of this type is described in the document WO 01/88454 .
  • such a condenser can be cooled by a liquid, in particular by the liquid of the engine cooling circuit. It is therefore more compact than an air-cooled condenser. It is not necessary to have it on the front of the vehicle. It can therefore be placed near the evaporator, which makes it possible to shorten the length of the pipes of the air conditioning circuit. But a condenser of this type also has drawbacks, in particular, it does not ensure a sufficient heat exchange.
  • the invention relates to a condenser, in particular for an air conditioning circuit of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, which overcomes these disadvantages.
  • This condenser must allow improved cooling of the air conditioning fluid of the air conditioning circuit by the water of the engine cooling circuit.
  • pass is meant a group or subgroup of plates between which the fluid follows a single direction in one and the same direction.
  • the inlet and outlet ports are located, in particular, at two opposite edges of said plates.
  • the condenser is constituted by a stack of common plates. An end plate is disposed at each end of the stack of the current plates.
  • the plates have communication passages to allow the passage of the refrigerant fluid and the cooling fluid from one flow channel to the other, annular conduits are provided alternately opposite the communication passages to prohibit the mixing of the fluids .
  • the current plates are provided with two communication passages for the passage of the cooling fluid and two communication passages for the passage of the cooling fluid.
  • each current plate has a total of four communication passages.
  • the plates are provided with raised peripheral edges, assembled in a sealed manner to delimit the first flow channels and the second flow channels.
  • the condenser comprises at least two passes on the cooling fluid.
  • the condenser comprises at least one inlet and a refrigeration fluid outlet and at least one pass on the refrigerating fluid communicating with said input, said input pass, and another pass communicating with said output, said output pass, the pass section decreasing since the pass entry to the exit pass.
  • the passes are carried out either by partition walls disposed in the manifolds of the tube exchangers, or by spacers arranged between the plates of stacked plate heat exchangers.
  • fluid flow passes can be made without adding additional parts. It suffices for this to remove certain communication passages provided in the current plates.
  • a communication passage of the refrigeration fluid respectively a communication passage of the cooling fluid, is removed in some common plates to determine passes for the circulation of the refrigerant fluid, respectively for the circulation of the cooling fluid.
  • the pass section decreases from the pass communicating with the inlet of the condenser, said input pass, to the pass communicating with the output of said condenser, said output pass .
  • the condenser according to the invention may comprise at least three passes, the number of channels allocated to the input pass on the number of channels allocated to the output channel being comprised, for example, between 2 and 5, the section of channels being scheduled constant from one channel to another.
  • the plates of the condenser are distributed in a first series to ensure cooling of the refrigeration fluid until its condensation, and in a second series for cooling the cooling fluid below its condensation temperature (subcooling).
  • the condenser of the invention comprises an integrated bottle between the first and the second series of plates.
  • flow-disrupting elements may be provided.
  • the turbulators are arranged between the plates.
  • the plates themselves comprise reliefs which constitute turbulators.
  • the hydraulic diameter of the circulation channels is between 0.1 mm and 3 mm. It may, in particular, be 0.1 to 0.5 mm for fluids intended to not change phase, except exceptional conditions, and 0.5 to 3 mm for fluids intended to be condensed. It will be, for example, from 1 to 2.6 mm for the cooling fluid, which may be water, especially that of the cooling circuit.
  • annular ducts are advantageously constituted by cups formed in the plates.
  • collectors are defined without having to provide any additional room.
  • the cooling fluid is constituted by the water of the cooling circuit of the engine of the motor vehicle.
  • the invention relates to an air conditioning circuit, in particular for the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, comprising an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, in which a cooling fluid circulates, in which the condenser is in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 a cross-sectional view of a condenser according to the present invention. It comprises a multiplicity of common plates 2 stacked one on the other and each provided with a peripheral rim 3. The peripheral edges are assembled in a sealed manner to delimit between the plates 2 of first flow channels for a refrigeration fluid F1 which alternate with second flow channels for a cooling fluid F2.
  • the stack of the common plates has an end plate 6 at each of its ends.
  • the common plates 2 are sandwiched between a lower reinforcement plate 8 and an upper reinforcement plate 10.
  • the refrigeration or air-conditioning fluid F1 enters the condenser through a pipe of entry (not shown on the Figure 5 ) and exits through an outlet pipe 14.
  • the cooling fluid F2 enters the condenser through an inlet pipe 20 and out through an outlet pipe (not shown).
  • the refrigerating fluid F1 enters the gaseous state. It circulates in the first channels by exchanging heat with the cooling fluid F2, which causes its condensation. The fluid F1 thus leaves the condenser in the liquid state.
  • the refrigeration or air-conditioning fluid is, for example, a fluid R134a or R744 (CO 2 ), while the fluid of cooling F2 is constituted by the water of the engine cooling circuit. It may also be an independent water loop.
  • the condenser shown on the Figure 2 has two circulation passes for the air conditioning or refrigeration fluid.
  • This fluid enters the tubing 12, as shown by the arrow F1, it enters an annular duct 24 acting as an inlet manifold and, from there, enters the first circulation channels provided between the plates 2 As shown schematically by the arrow 26.
  • the air-conditioning fluid arrives in an annular duct 28 and thence enters the first circulation channels provided between the plates 2 situated below. of the partition wall 30, as represented by the arrow 32.
  • the refrigeration fluid F1 and the cooling fluid F2 do not necessarily travel through the condenser with the same number of passes.
  • the condenser comprises three passes schematized by the arrows 40, 42 and 44 for the refrigerating fluid, and a single pass schematized by the arrow 48 for the cooling fluid F2.
  • the fluid F1 passes from the first pass to the second after having crossed the passage opening 50, then from the second pass 42 to the third pass 44 after having crossed the communication passage 52. It exits the exchanger through the tubing 14.
  • the cooling fluid F2 enters through the inlet pipe 20, travels the heat exchanger in a single pass 48 and leaves the condenser through the outlet pipe 22.
  • the condenser has two circulation passes for the refrigerant fluid and two passes also for the cooling fluid.
  • the refrigerating fluid F1 enters the condenser through the inlet pipe 12, traverses the plates along the first pass 54, crosses the communication passage 56 and passes through the second pass 58 before emerging through the outlet pipe 14.
  • the fluid cooling F2 enters the condenser through the inlet pipe 20, travels the first pass as shown by the arrow 60, crosses the communication passage 62 before going through the second pass 64. It then emerges from the exchanger through the tubing output 24.
  • FIG. 5 Diagrammatically shown on the Figure 5 an exploded perspective view illustrating the flow of fluids in a condenser according to the invention comprising two circulation passes for the air conditioning fluid F1 and two passes for the cooling fluid F2.
  • the fluid F1 enters the upper part of the exchanger through the inlet pipe 12 in the volume defined by the end plate 6 and the adjacent plate 2. Part of the fluid travels this space from left to right according to the Figure 5 , as shown schematically by the arrow 66.
  • the other part of the fluid enters an annular duct 68 disposed between the plates 2a and 2b, as shown schematically by the arrow 70. When leaving the annular duct, it enters the space between the plates 2b and 2c.
  • the fraction of the fluid that has passed through the space between the end plate 6 and the first current plate 2a emerges from this space through a tubular duct 72 disposed between the plates 2a and 2b.
  • the planar space between the plates 2b and 2c comprises only one communication passage 74 allowing the exit of the fluid F2.
  • This fluid passes through the annular passage 76 to reach between the plates 2d and 2e after undergoing a change of direction of circulation. It traverses indeed this space from right to left, whereas it circulated previously from left to right.
  • the cooling fluid F2 which enters the condenser through an inlet manifold (not shown) located at the lower part of the exchanger circulates from left to right in the planar spaces between two successive plates. It passes from a space between two plates to the next space, these spaces alternating with spaces for the fluid F1 by annular conduits similar to the ducts 70 or 76 mentioned above. Arrived in the space between the plates 2e and 2f, as shown schematically by the arrow 80, the fluid F2 enters the annular duct 82, as shown schematically by the arrow 84, and changes direction of circulation. In the upper part of the condenser, it circulates from right to left as it circulated from left to right in the lower part. A second flow pass is thus made for the fluid F2 as well.
  • the condenser of the invention comprises three different types of plates with regard to the number of communication passages.
  • the end plates like the plate 6, have only two communication passages, the first for the entry of one of the fluids, the second for the outlet of the other fluid.
  • Common plates such as plate 2f, have four communication passages. Two of these passages are dedicated to the first fluid F1, while the other two passages are dedicated to the fluid F2.
  • the plates located just before the end plate 6, like the plate 2a have three communication passages instead of four for the current plate.
  • the plate 2d which makes it possible to make the circulation passes of the two fluids, comprises only two communication passages. Indeed, in removing two of the four communication passages, partitions are made to change the flow direction of the fluid.
  • the plates 2c and 2e, adjacent to the plate 2d, have three communication passages, instead of four for the current plates. There are thus three types of plates.
  • the two end plates and the plate 2d have only two passages.
  • the plates adjacent to the end plates and the plate 2d have three passages, while the current plates of the condenser comprise four.
  • the condenser according to the invention may comprise at least three passes “a", "b” and "c".
  • the number of channels assigned to the input pass "a”, ie the pass communicating with the refrigerant inlet in the condenser, on the number of channels assigned to the exit pass "c" , that is to say the pass communicating with the refrigeration fluid outlet out of the condenser, is between 2 and 5, the section of the channels being constant from one pass to another.
  • Figures 6 and 7 respectively, a sectional view and a left view of a second embodiment of a condenser according to the present invention. It is distinguished by the fact that its plates are divided into a first series 94 and a second series 96 separated from each other by a frame 98 in which is housed a bottle 100.
  • the first series of plates 94 is relatively more important than the second series 96. It is preferably located at the top of the exchanger, while the second series is located at the bottom.
  • the plates of the first series constitute a cooling section of the refrigeration fluid and the plates of the second series constitute a subcooling section of this fluid.
  • the bottle 100 also called intermediate tank, ensures the filtration and dehydration of the refrigerant. It also makes it possible to compensate for these variations in volume and to ensure the separation of the liquid and gaseous phases. Its interposition between an upstream part and a downstream part 96 of the condenser makes it possible to circulate only fluid in the liquid state in the subcooling section.
  • the refrigeration fluid is thus cooled below its liquid-gas equilibrium temperature, which improves the performance of the condenser and makes them relatively independent of the amount of fluid contained in the air conditioning circuit.
  • the circulation of the refrigerating fluid, as well as the circulation of the cooling fluid, can be carried out in one or more passes in the cooling section 94, as well as in the subcooling section 16.
  • the refrigerating fluid F1 enters the cooling section 94 through the inlet pipe 12 located in the upper part of the condenser. It traverses the cooling section, in one or more passes, then passes into the bottle 100, in which it is filtered and dehydrated, then returns to the subcooling section 96 before leaving the exchanger through the outlet pipe 14 .
  • the cooling fluid F2 circulates against the current of the refrigeration fluid. It enters the lower part of the condenser, in the subcooling section 96, by the inlet tubing 20 (see Figure 7 ), it passes through the subcooling section 96 and then enters directly into the cooling section 94 before emerging from the condenser through the outlet pipe 22.
  • the frame 98 comprises two flanges 102 and a central portion 103 in which three cylindrical bores 104 are formed which constitute the bottle. One of these bores, the one on the right on the Figure 7 , receives a filter and desiccant salts.
  • the plates of the first series 94 and the second series 96 bear on the flanges 102 of the frame 98. It will also be noted that in this example, their concavities are opposite.
  • FIG. 8 and 9 respectively, a longitudinal sectional view of the condenser passing through the longitudinal axis of the portion of the bottle 100 comprising the filter and the desicative salts and a cross section of the same exchanger.
  • the corresponding cylindrical bore 104 is extended by a cylindrical portion 106 projecting out of the condenser.
  • This cylindrical portion receives a cap 108 having a hexagonal head 110 which closes the bottle.
  • the plug 108 is provided with a toric seal 112.
  • An elongated cylindrical cartridge 114 is housed inside the cylindrical bore 104. It contains the desiccant 116 which makes it possible to dehydrate and filter the refrigerating fluid F1. .
  • each plate comprises a flat-bottom half-bowl 122 crossed by a through hole 124.
  • the flat bottoms of the cups come into contact with one another.
  • annular ducts are produced which permit the circulation of the refrigeration fluid F1 and the fluid of cooling F2 from one passage channel to another without having to use additional pieces arranged between the plates.
  • one plate out of two could be flat, the bowl formed in the adjacent plate having a depth corresponding to the entire spacing between two successive plates.
  • turbulators also called disrupters
  • a turbulator element 132 It is constituted by a stamped sheet shaped so as to have rectilinear corrugations 134 arranged, for example, in the direction of the length of the plates.
  • the plates 2 have a generally flat bottom.
  • FIG. 11 another embodiment of a turbulator element 136. It comprises stampings 138 having the general shape of crenellations. These slots are divided into two series offset with respect to each other. Such a turbulator element 136 is disposed between plates 2 also having a generally flat bottom.
  • the turbulators 132 and 136 shown in the Figures 10 and 11 require to manufacture an additional piece and to insert it between the plates. It is possible to remove this additional piece by making the turbulators elements by reliefs from the plates themselves and obtained by a stamping operation.
  • the condenser comprises first plates 140 each having a bottom 142 having corrugations 144 defined by generatrices extending in a first direction D1 and second plates 146 arranged alternately with the first plates 140 and having each having a bottom 148 having undulations 150 defined by generatrices extending in a second direction D2 which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction D1.
  • the respective undulations of the plates make it possible to give the channels a particular three-dimensional structure which favors a turbulent flow of the fluid F1 and the fluid F2 and, consequently, a good heat exchange between them. This also eliminates turbulators inserted between the plates.
  • the exchanger comprises a first series of plates 154 and a second series of plates 156 respectively comprising corrugations 158 and 160 in the form of chevrons. These corrugations also define a three-dimensional structure of fluid flow channels that promotes turbulent flow and good heat exchange between them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne les circuits de climatisation des véhicules automobiles.The invention relates to air conditioning circuits of motor vehicles.

Les véhicules automobiles modernes sont fréquemment équipés d'un circuit de climatisation de leur habitacle. Ces circuits comprennent notamment un condenseur, dans lequel un fluide de climatisation à l'état gazeux est refroidi de manière à être condensé.Modern motor vehicles are frequently equipped with an air conditioning circuit of their cabin. These circuits include in particular a condenser, in which an air conditioning fluid in the gaseous state is cooled so as to be condensed.

Dans ce domaine il est également connu d'utiliser des fluides de climatisation, tels que le CO2, avec lesquels le circuit peut fonctionner sans qu'ils ne changent de phase. Le circuit est alors muni d'un échangeur thermique permettant d'abaisser leur température, sans toutefois aller jusqu'à les condenser.In this field it is also known to use air conditioning fluids, such as CO 2 , with which the circuit can operate without them changing phase. The circuit is then equipped with a heat exchanger to lower their temperature, without going to condense them.

L'invention porte aussi bien sur un condenseur proprement dit que sur de tels échangeurs. Afin de ne pas alourdir la suite du texte, seul le terme condenseur sera utilisé. Toutefois, il faudra comprendre que celui-ci couvre aussi bien un échangeur thermique destiné à permettre la condensation d'un fluide, qu'un échangeur thermique destiné à permettre un simple refroidissement du fluide d'un circuit de climatisation d'un véhicule automobile.The invention relates as well to a condenser itself as to such exchangers. In order not to burden the rest of the text, only the term condenser will be used. However, it should be understood that it covers both a heat exchanger intended to allow the condensation of a fluid, a heat exchanger designed to allow a simple cooling of the fluid of an air conditioning circuit of a motor vehicle.

Les condenseurs actuellement connus sont constitués généralement d'un faisceau de tubes raccordés à chacune de leurs extrémités à des boîtes collectrices. Les tubes sont munis de surfaces d'échange de chaleur telles que des ailettes ou des intercalaires ondulés. Ils sont refroidis par échange de chaleur avec l'air atmosphérique et, à cet effet, ils sont placés à l'avant du véhicule automobile, généralement devant le radiateur du circuit de refroidissement du moteur.The currently known condensers generally consist of a bundle of tubes connected at each of their ends to manifolds. The tubes are provided with heat exchange surfaces such as fins or corrugated inserts. They are cooled by heat exchange with atmospheric air and, for this purpose, they are placed at the front of the motor vehicle, usually in front of the radiator of the engine cooling circuit.

Ces condenseurs connus présentent plusieurs inconvénients. Ils ne permettent pas de réaliser un échange de chaleur sur l'eau du circuit de refroidissement du moteur. Leur surface frontale, et par conséquent leur encombrement, sont importants. En outre, ils doivent être nécessairement placés en face avant du véhicule automobile afin de pouvoir être refroidis de manière efficace.These known condensers have several disadvantages. They do not allow heat exchange on the water of the engine cooling circuit. Their frontal surface, and therefore their size, are important. In addition, they must necessarily be placed on the front of the motor vehicle in order to be effectively cooled.

Il est également connu de réaliser des condenseurs constitués d'une multiplicité de plaques courantes empilées, assemblées pour délimiter de premiers canaux d'écoulement pour un fluide de réfrigération qui alternent avec de seconds canaux d'écoulement pour un fluide de refroidissement. Un condenseur de ce type est décrit dans le document WO 01/88454 .It is also known to provide condensers consisting of a multiplicity of stacked common plates, assembled to define first flow channels for a refrigerating fluid that alternate with second flow channels for a cooling fluid. A condenser of this type is described in the document WO 01/88454 .

Grâce à ces caractéristiques, un tel condenseur peut être refroidi par un liquide, en particulier par le liquide du circuit de refroidissement du moteur. Il est donc plus compact qu'un condenseur refroidi à l'air. Il n'est pas nécessaire de le disposer en face avant du véhicule. On peut donc le placer près de l'évaporateur, ce qui permet de raccourcir la longueur des canalisations du circuit de climatisation. Mais un condenseur de ce type présente aussi des inconvénients, en particulier, il ne permet pas d'assurer un échange thermique suffisant.Thanks to these characteristics, such a condenser can be cooled by a liquid, in particular by the liquid of the engine cooling circuit. It is therefore more compact than an air-cooled condenser. It is not necessary to have it on the front of the vehicle. It can therefore be placed near the evaporator, which makes it possible to shorten the length of the pipes of the air conditioning circuit. But a condenser of this type also has drawbacks, in particular, it does not ensure a sufficient heat exchange.

L'invention a pour objet un condenseur, notamment pour un circuit de climatisation de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile, qui remédie à ces inconvénients. Ce condenseur doit permettre un refroidissement amélioré du fluide de climatisation du circuit de climatisation par l'eau du circuit de refroidissement du moteur.The invention relates to a condenser, in particular for an air conditioning circuit of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, which overcomes these disadvantages. This condenser must allow improved cooling of the air conditioning fluid of the air conditioning circuit by the water of the engine cooling circuit.

A cet effet, elle propose un condenseur du type défini ci-dessus qui comporte au moins deux passes sur le fluide de réfrigération.For this purpose, it proposes a condenser of the type defined above which comprises at least two passes on the refrigeration fluid.

Par «passe», il faut entendre un groupe ou sous-groupe de plaques entre lesquelles le fluide suit une seule et même direction dans un seul et même sens. Pour les plaques d'une même passe les orifices d'entrée et de sortie sont situés, notamment, au niveau de deux bords opposés desdites plaques. En passant d'une passe à l'autre, le sens de circulation du fluide s'inverse. On peut ainsi allonger le trajet du fluide dans l'échangeur. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, le condenseur conforme à l'invention présente des performances améliorées.By "pass" is meant a group or subgroup of plates between which the fluid follows a single direction in one and the same direction. For the plates of the same pass the inlet and outlet ports are located, in particular, at two opposite edges of said plates. When passing from one pass to the other, the direction of circulation of the fluid is reversed. It is thus possible to lengthen the path of the fluid in the exchanger. Thanks to these characteristics, the condenser according to the invention has improved performance.

Le condenseur est constitué par un empilement de plaques courantes. Une plaque d'extrémité est disposée à chacune des extrémités de l'empilement des plaques courantes.The condenser is constituted by a stack of common plates. An end plate is disposed at each end of the stack of the current plates.

Les plaques comportent des passages de communication pour permettre le passage du fluide de réfrigération et du fluide de refroidissement d'un canal d'écoulement à l'autre, des conduits annulaires sont prévus alternativement en regard des passages de communication pour interdire le mélange des fluides.The plates have communication passages to allow the passage of the refrigerant fluid and the cooling fluid from one flow channel to the other, annular conduits are provided alternately opposite the communication passages to prohibit the mixing of the fluids .

De préférence, les plaques courantes sont munies de deux passages de communication destinés au passage du fluide de climatisation et de deux passages de communication destinés au passage du fluide de refroidissement. Ainsi, chaque plaque courante comporte au total quatre passages de communication.Preferably, the current plates are provided with two communication passages for the passage of the cooling fluid and two communication passages for the passage of the cooling fluid. Thus, each current plate has a total of four communication passages.

Dans une réalisation particulière, les plaques sont munies de bords périphériques relevés, assemblés de manière étanche pour délimiter les premiers canaux d'écoulement et les seconds canaux d'écoulement.In a particular embodiment, the plates are provided with raised peripheral edges, assembled in a sealed manner to delimit the first flow channels and the second flow channels.

Dans une autre réalisation particulière, le condenseur comporte au moins deux passes sur le fluide de refroidissement.In another particular embodiment, the condenser comprises at least two passes on the cooling fluid.

Avantageusement, le condenseur comporte au moins une entrée et une sortie de fluide de réfrigération et au moins une passe sur le fluide de réfrigération communiquant avec ladite entrée, dite passe d'entrée, et une autre passe communiquant avec ladite sortie, dite passe de sortie, la section des passes diminuant depuis la passe d'entrée vers la passe de sortie.Advantageously, the condenser comprises at least one inlet and a refrigeration fluid outlet and at least one pass on the refrigerating fluid communicating with said input, said input pass, and another pass communicating with said output, said output pass, the pass section decreasing since the pass entry to the exit pass.

Dans les échangeurs de type connu, les passes sont réalisées soit par des cloisons de séparation disposées dans les boîtes collectrices des échangeurs à tubes, soit par des entretoises disposées entre les plaques des échangeurs à plaques empilées. Au contraire, dans le condenseur de l'invention, on peut réaliser des passes de circulation des fluides sans ajout de pièces supplémentaires. Il suffit pour cela de supprimer certains passages de communication prévus dans les plaques courantes. A cet effet, un passage de communication du fluide de réfrigération, respectivement un passage de communication du fluide de refroidissement, est supprimé dans certaines plaques courantes pour déterminer des passes pour la circulation du fluide de réfrigération, respectivement pour la circulation du fluide de refroidissement.In the known type of exchangers, the passes are carried out either by partition walls disposed in the manifolds of the tube exchangers, or by spacers arranged between the plates of stacked plate heat exchangers. On the contrary, in the condenser of the invention, fluid flow passes can be made without adding additional parts. It suffices for this to remove certain communication passages provided in the current plates. For this purpose, a communication passage of the refrigeration fluid, respectively a communication passage of the cooling fluid, is removed in some common plates to determine passes for the circulation of the refrigerant fluid, respectively for the circulation of the cooling fluid.

Comme déjà indiqué, dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la section des passes diminue depuis la passe communiquant avec l'entrée du condenseur, dite passe d'entrée, vers la passe communiquant avec la sortie dudit condenseur, dite passe de sortie.As already indicated, in one embodiment of the invention, the pass section decreases from the pass communicating with the inlet of the condenser, said input pass, to the pass communicating with the output of said condenser, said output pass .

Le condenseur conforme à l'invention pourra comporter au moins trois passes, le nombre de canaux affectés à la passe d'entrée sur le nombre de canaux affectés à la passe de sortie étant compris, par exemple, entre 2 et 5, la section des canaux étant prévue constante d'un canal à l'autre.The condenser according to the invention may comprise at least three passes, the number of channels allocated to the input pass on the number of channels allocated to the output channel being comprised, for example, between 2 and 5, the section of channels being scheduled constant from one channel to another.

Avantageusement, les plaques du condenseur sont réparties en une première série pour assurer le refroidissement du fluide de réfrigération jusqu'à sa condensation, et en une seconde série pour assurer le refroidissement du fluide de réfrigération en dessous de sa température de condensation (sous-refroidissement).Advantageously, the plates of the condenser are distributed in a first series to ensure cooling of the refrigeration fluid until its condensation, and in a second series for cooling the cooling fluid below its condensation temperature (subcooling).

Avantageusement encore, le condenseur de l'invention comporte une bouteille intégrée entre la première et la seconde série de plaques.Advantageously, the condenser of the invention comprises an integrated bottle between the first and the second series of plates.

Afin d'améliorer l'échange de chaleur entre les fluides, des éléments qui perturbent l'écoulement, appelés éléments turbulateurs, peuvent être prévus. Dans une variante, les éléments turbulateurs sont disposés entre les plaques. Dans une autre variante, les plaques elles-mêmes comportent des reliefs qui constituent des éléments turbulateurs.In order to improve the heat exchange between the fluids, flow-disrupting elements, called turbulators, may be provided. In a variant, the turbulators are arranged between the plates. In another variant, the plates themselves comprise reliefs which constitute turbulators.

De préférence, le diamètre hydraulique des canaux de circulation est compris entre 0,1 mm et 3 mm. Il pourra, notamment, être de 0,1 à 0,5 mm pour des fluides destinés à ne pas changer de phase, sauf conditions exceptionnelles, et de 0,5 à 3 mm pour des fluides destinés à être condensés. Il sera, par exemple, de 1 à 2,6 mm pour le fluide de refroidissement, qui pourra être de l'eau, notamment celle du circuit de refroidissement.Preferably, the hydraulic diameter of the circulation channels is between 0.1 mm and 3 mm. It may, in particular, be 0.1 to 0.5 mm for fluids intended to not change phase, except exceptional conditions, and 0.5 to 3 mm for fluids intended to be condensed. It will be, for example, from 1 to 2.6 mm for the cooling fluid, which may be water, especially that of the cooling circuit.

Enfin, les conduits annulaires sont avantageusement constitués par des cuvettes formées dans les plaques. On définit ainsi des collecteurs sans avoir à prévoir aucune pièce supplémentaire.Finally, the annular ducts are advantageously constituted by cups formed in the plates. Thus collectors are defined without having to provide any additional room.

De préférence, le fluide de refroidissement est constitué par l'eau du circuit de refroidissement du moteur du véhicule automobile.Preferably, the cooling fluid is constituted by the water of the cooling circuit of the engine of the motor vehicle.

Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne un circuit de climatisation, notamment pour l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile, comprenant un évaporateur, un compresseur, un condenseur, une valve de détente, dans lequel circule un fluide de réfrigération, dans lequel le condenseur est conforme à la présente invention.Furthermore, the invention relates to an air conditioning circuit, in particular for the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, comprising an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, in which a cooling fluid circulates, in which the condenser is in accordance with the present invention.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore à la lecture de la description qui suit d'exemples de réalisation donnés à titre illustratif en référence aux figures annexées. Sur ces figures :

  • la Figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un condenseur conforme à l'invention ;
  • la Figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'un condenseur conforme à l'invention, comportant deux passes sur le fluide de réfrigération ;
  • la Figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un condenseur conforme à l'invention, comportant trois passes sur le fluide de réfrigération et une passe sur le liquide de refroidissement ;
  • la Figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un condenseur conforme à l'invention, comportant deux passes sur le fluide de réfrigération et deux passes sur le liquide de refroidissement ;
  • la Figure 5 est une vue éclatée en perspective d'un échangeur à deux passes sur le fluide de réfrigération et à deux passes sur le fluide de refroidissement qui illustre la circulation de ces deux fluides ;
  • la Figure 6 est une vue extérieure en perspective d'un condenseur conforme à l'invention, comportant une bouteille intégrée ;
  • la Figure 7 est une vue de gauche du condenseur représenté sur la Figure 6 ;
  • la Figure 8 est une vue en coupe transversale du condenseur représenté sur les Figures 6 et 7 ;
  • la Figure 9 est une vue en coupe par un plan passant par l'axe longitudinal de la bouteille du condenseur des Figures 6 à 8 ;
  • la Figure 10 représente un premier mode de réalisation d'un élément turbulateur inséré entre les plaques ;
  • la Figure 11 représente une autre forme de réalisation d'un élément turbulateur inséré entre les plaques ;
  • la Figure 12 représente des turbulateurs rectilignes ondulés issus de reliefs formés dans les plaques ;
  • la Figure 13 représente des turbulateurs en chevrons issus de reliefs formés dans les plaques ; et
  • la Figure 14 représente un condenseur à trois passes conforme à l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of exemplary embodiments given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures. In these figures:
  • the Figure 1 is a sectional view of a condenser according to the invention;
  • the Figure 2 is a sectional view of a condenser according to the invention, comprising two passes on the refrigerant fluid;
  • the Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a condenser according to the invention, comprising three passes on the refrigerant fluid and a pass on the coolant;
  • the Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a condenser according to the invention, comprising two passes on the refrigerant fluid and two passes on the coolant;
  • the Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of a two-pass heat exchanger on the refrigerant fluid and two passes on the cooling fluid which illustrates the flow of these two fluids;
  • the Figure 6 is an external perspective view of a condenser according to the invention, comprising an integrated bottle;
  • the Figure 7 is a left view of the condenser shown on the Figure 6 ;
  • the Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the condenser shown in Figures 6 and 7 ;
  • the Figure 9 is a sectional view through a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the condenser bottle of Figures 6 to 8 ;
  • the Figure 10 represents a first embodiment of a turbulator element inserted between the plates;
  • the Figure 11 represents another embodiment of a turbulator element inserted between the plates;
  • the Figure 12 represents corrugated rectilinear turbulators derived from reliefs formed in the plates;
  • the Figure 13 represents turbulators in chevrons resulting from reliefs formed in the plates; and
  • the Figure 14 represents a three-pass condenser according to the invention.

On a représenté sur la Figure 1 une vue en coupe transversale d'un condenseur conforme à la présente invention. Il comprend une multiplicité de plaques courantes 2 empilées les unes sur les autres et munies chacune d'un rebord périphérique 3. Les bords périphériques sont assemblés de manière étanche pour délimiter entre les plaques 2 de premiers canaux d'écoulement pour un fluide de réfrigération F1 qui alternent avec de seconds canaux d'écoulement pour un fluide de refroidissement F2. L'empilement des plaques courantes comporte une plaque d'extrémité 6 à chacune de ses extrémités.We have shown on the Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of a condenser according to the present invention. It comprises a multiplicity of common plates 2 stacked one on the other and each provided with a peripheral rim 3. The peripheral edges are assembled in a sealed manner to delimit between the plates 2 of first flow channels for a refrigeration fluid F1 which alternate with second flow channels for a cooling fluid F2. The stack of the common plates has an end plate 6 at each of its ends.

Afin de renforcer la tenue du condenseur à la pression, les plaques courantes 2 sont prises en sandwich entre une plaque de renforcement inférieure 8 et une plaque de renforcement supérieure 10. Le fluide de réfrigération ou de climatisation F1 pénètre dans le condenseur par une tubulure d'entrée (non représentée sur la Figure 5) et en ressort par une tubulure de sortie 14. Le fluide de refroidissement F2 pénètre dans le condenseur par une tubulure d'entrée 20 et en ressort par une tubulure de sortie (non représentée). Le fluide de réfrigération F1 pénètre à l'état gazeux. Il circule dans les premiers canaux en échangeant de la chaleur avec le fluide de refroidissement F2, ce qui provoque sa condensation. Le fluide F1 quitte donc le condenseur à l'état liquide.In order to reinforce the resistance of the condenser to pressure, the common plates 2 are sandwiched between a lower reinforcement plate 8 and an upper reinforcement plate 10. The refrigeration or air-conditioning fluid F1 enters the condenser through a pipe of entry (not shown on the Figure 5 ) and exits through an outlet pipe 14. The cooling fluid F2 enters the condenser through an inlet pipe 20 and out through an outlet pipe (not shown). The refrigerating fluid F1 enters the gaseous state. It circulates in the first channels by exchanging heat with the cooling fluid F2, which causes its condensation. The fluid F1 thus leaves the condenser in the liquid state.

Le fluide de réfrigération ou de climatisation est, par exemple, un fluide R134a ou R744 (CO2), tandis que le fluide de refroidissement F2 est constitué par l'eau du circuit de refroidissement du moteur. Il pourra également s'agir d'une boucle d'eau indépendante.The refrigeration or air-conditioning fluid is, for example, a fluid R134a or R744 (CO 2 ), while the fluid of cooling F2 is constituted by the water of the engine cooling circuit. It may also be an independent water loop.

Le condenseur représenté sur la Figure 2 comporte deux passes de circulation pour le fluide de climatisation ou réfrigération. Ce fluide pénètre dans la tubulure 12, comme schématisé par la flèche F1, il pénètre dans un conduit annulaire 24 jouant le rôle d'une boîte collectrice d'entrée et, de là, pénètre dans les premiers canaux de circulation prévus entre les plaques 2, comme schématisé par la flèche 26. Après avoir parcouru toute la surface d'échange de chaleur, le fluide de climatisation parvient dans un conduit annulaire 28 et, de là, pénètre dans les premiers canaux de circulation prévus entre les plaques 2 situées en dessous de la cloison de séparation 30, comme représenté par la flèche 32. Il traverse une seconde fois l'échangeur, de droite à gauche, selon une deuxième passe, pour parvenir dans la partie inférieure 34 du conduit annulaire jouant le rôle d'une boîte collectrice de sortie, comme schématisé par la flèche 36, et quitte le condenseur par la tubulure de sortie 14, comme schématisé par la flèche 38.The condenser shown on the Figure 2 has two circulation passes for the air conditioning or refrigeration fluid. This fluid enters the tubing 12, as shown by the arrow F1, it enters an annular duct 24 acting as an inlet manifold and, from there, enters the first circulation channels provided between the plates 2 As shown schematically by the arrow 26. After having traversed the entire heat exchange surface, the air-conditioning fluid arrives in an annular duct 28 and thence enters the first circulation channels provided between the plates 2 situated below. of the partition wall 30, as represented by the arrow 32. It crosses a second time the exchanger, from right to left, in a second pass, to reach the lower portion 34 of the annular conduit acting as a box outlet manifold, as shown schematically by the arrow 36, and leaves the condenser through the outlet pipe 14, as shown schematically by the arrow 38.

Comme on peut le remarquer sur la Figure 3 qui représente une vue en perspective d'un condenseur conforme à l'invention, le fluide de réfrigération F1 et le fluide de refroidissement F2 ne parcourent pas nécessairement le condenseur avec un même nombre de passes. Dans l'exemple représenté, le condenseur comporte trois passes schématisées par les flèches 40, 42 et 44 pour le fluide de réfrigération, et une passe unique schématisée par la flèche 48 pour le fluide de refroidissement F2. Le fluide F1 passe de la première passe à la seconde après avoir franchi l'orifice de passage 50, puis de la deuxième passe 42 à la troisième passe 44 après avoir franchi le passage de communication 52. Il ressort de l'échangeur par la tubulure de sortie 14. Le fluide de refroidissement F2 pénètre par la tubulure d'entrée 20, parcourt l'échangeur en une seule passe 48 et ressort du condenseur par la tubulure de sortie 22.As can be seen on the Figure 3 which represents a perspective view of a condenser according to the invention, the refrigeration fluid F1 and the cooling fluid F2 do not necessarily travel through the condenser with the same number of passes. In the example shown, the condenser comprises three passes schematized by the arrows 40, 42 and 44 for the refrigerating fluid, and a single pass schematized by the arrow 48 for the cooling fluid F2. The fluid F1 passes from the first pass to the second after having crossed the passage opening 50, then from the second pass 42 to the third pass 44 after having crossed the communication passage 52. It exits the exchanger through the tubing 14. The cooling fluid F2 enters through the inlet pipe 20, travels the heat exchanger in a single pass 48 and leaves the condenser through the outlet pipe 22.

Sur la Figure 4, le condenseur comporte deux passes de circulation pour le fluide de réfrigération et deux passes également pour le fluide de refroidissement. Le fluide de réfrigération F1 pénètre dans le condenseur par la tubulure d'entrée 12, parcourt les plaques selon la première passe 54, franchit le passage de communication 56 et parcourt la deuxième passe 58 avant de ressortir par la tubulure de sortie 14. Le fluide de refroidissement F2 pénètre dans le condenseur par la tubulure d'entrée 20, parcourt la première passe comme schématisé par la flèche 60, franchit le passage de communication 62 avant de parcourir la deuxième passe 64. Il ressort ensuite de l'échangeur par la tubulure de sortie 24.On the Figure 4 , the condenser has two circulation passes for the refrigerant fluid and two passes also for the cooling fluid. The refrigerating fluid F1 enters the condenser through the inlet pipe 12, traverses the plates along the first pass 54, crosses the communication passage 56 and passes through the second pass 58 before emerging through the outlet pipe 14. The fluid cooling F2 enters the condenser through the inlet pipe 20, travels the first pass as shown by the arrow 60, crosses the communication passage 62 before going through the second pass 64. It then emerges from the exchanger through the tubing output 24.

On a représenté schématiquement sur la Figure 5 une vue en perspective éclatée qui illustre la circulation des fluides dans un condenseur conforme à l'invention comportant deux passes de circulation pour le fluide F1 de climatisation et deux passes pour le fluide F2 de refroidissement. Le fluide F1 pénètre à la partie supérieure de l'échangeur par la tubulure d'entrée 12 dans le volume délimité par la plaque d'extrémité 6 et la plaque 2 adjacente. Une partie du fluide parcourt cet espace de gauche à droite selon la Figure 5, comme schématisé par la flèche 66. L'autre partie du fluide pénètre dans un conduit annulaire 68 disposé entre les plaques 2a et 2b, comme schématisé par la flèche 70. En sortant du conduit annulaire, il pénètre dans l'espace compris entre les plaques 2b et 2c. La fraction du fluide qui a traversé l'espace compris entre la plaque d'extrémité 6 et la première plaque courante 2a ressort de cet espace par un conduit tubulaire 72 disposé entre les plaques 2a et 2b.Diagrammatically shown on the Figure 5 an exploded perspective view illustrating the flow of fluids in a condenser according to the invention comprising two circulation passes for the air conditioning fluid F1 and two passes for the cooling fluid F2. The fluid F1 enters the upper part of the exchanger through the inlet pipe 12 in the volume defined by the end plate 6 and the adjacent plate 2. Part of the fluid travels this space from left to right according to the Figure 5 , as shown schematically by the arrow 66. The other part of the fluid enters an annular duct 68 disposed between the plates 2a and 2b, as shown schematically by the arrow 70. When leaving the annular duct, it enters the space between the plates 2b and 2c. The fraction of the fluid that has passed through the space between the end plate 6 and the first current plate 2a emerges from this space through a tubular duct 72 disposed between the plates 2a and 2b.

L'espace plan compris entre les plaques 2b et 2c ne comporte qu'un seul passage de communication 74 permettant la sortie du fluide F2. Ce fluide traverse le passage annulaire 76 pour parvenir entre les plaques 2d et 2e après avoir subi un changement de sens de circulation. Il parcourt en effet cet espace de droite à gauche, alors qu'il circulait précédemment de gauche à droite.The planar space between the plates 2b and 2c comprises only one communication passage 74 allowing the exit of the fluid F2. This fluid passes through the annular passage 76 to reach between the plates 2d and 2e after undergoing a change of direction of circulation. It traverses indeed this space from right to left, whereas it circulated previously from left to right.

De la même manière, le fluide de refroidissement F2 qui pénètre dans le condenseur par une tubulure d'entrée (non représentée) située à la partie inférieure de l'échangeur circule de gauche à droite dans les espaces plans compris entre deux plaques successives. Il passe d'un espace compris entre deux plaques à l'espace suivant, ces espaces alternant avec des espaces prévus pour le fluide F1 par des conduits annulaires similaires aux conduits 70 ou 76 mentionnés précédemment. Parvenu dans l'espace compris entre les plaques 2e et 2f, comme schématisé par la flèche 80, le fluide F2 pénètre dans le conduit annulaire 82, comme schématisé par la flèche 84, et change de sens de circulation. Dans la partie supérieure du condenseur, il circule de droite à gauche alors qu'il circulait de gauche à droite dans la partie inférieure. On réalise ainsi une deuxième passe de circulation pour le fluide F2 également.In the same way, the cooling fluid F2 which enters the condenser through an inlet manifold (not shown) located at the lower part of the exchanger circulates from left to right in the planar spaces between two successive plates. It passes from a space between two plates to the next space, these spaces alternating with spaces for the fluid F1 by annular conduits similar to the ducts 70 or 76 mentioned above. Arrived in the space between the plates 2e and 2f, as shown schematically by the arrow 80, the fluid F2 enters the annular duct 82, as shown schematically by the arrow 84, and changes direction of circulation. In the upper part of the condenser, it circulates from right to left as it circulated from left to right in the lower part. A second flow pass is thus made for the fluid F2 as well.

On remarque ainsi que le condenseur de l'invention comporte trois types différents de plaques en ce qui concerne le nombre de passages de communication. Les plaques d'extrémité, comme la plaque 6, comportent seulement deux passages de communication, le premier pour l'entrée de l'un des fluides, le second pour la sortie de l'autre fluide. Les plaques courantes, comme la plaque 2f, comportent quatre passages de communication. Deux de ces passages sont dédiés au premier fluide F1, tandis que les deux autres passages sont dédiés au fluide F2. Les plaques situées juste avant la plaque d'extrémité 6, comme la plaque 2a, comportent trois passages de communication au lieu de quatre pour la plaque courante. La plaque 2d, qui permet de réaliser les passes de circulation des deux fluides, comporte seulement deux passages de communication. En effet, en supprimant deux des quatre passages de communication, on réalise des cloisons de séparation qui permettent de changer le sens de circulation du fluide. Les plaques 2c et 2e, adjacentes à la plaque 2d, comportent trois passages de communication, au lieu de quatre pour les plaques courantes. Il y a ainsi trois types de plaques. Les deux plaques d'extrémité et la plaque 2d comportent deux passages seulement. Les plaques adjacentes aux plaques d'extrémité et à la plaque 2d comportent trois passages, tandis que les plaques courantes du condenseur en comportent quatre.It will thus be noted that the condenser of the invention comprises three different types of plates with regard to the number of communication passages. The end plates, like the plate 6, have only two communication passages, the first for the entry of one of the fluids, the second for the outlet of the other fluid. Common plates, such as plate 2f, have four communication passages. Two of these passages are dedicated to the first fluid F1, while the other two passages are dedicated to the fluid F2. The plates located just before the end plate 6, like the plate 2a, have three communication passages instead of four for the current plate. The plate 2d, which makes it possible to make the circulation passes of the two fluids, comprises only two communication passages. Indeed, in removing two of the four communication passages, partitions are made to change the flow direction of the fluid. The plates 2c and 2e, adjacent to the plate 2d, have three communication passages, instead of four for the current plates. There are thus three types of plates. The two end plates and the plate 2d have only two passages. The plates adjacent to the end plates and the plate 2d have three passages, while the current plates of the condenser comprise four.

A la Figure 14, on constate que le condenseur conforme à l'invention pourra comporter au moins trois passes «a», «b» et «c». Le nombre de canaux affectés à la passe d'entrée «a», c'est-à-dire la passe communiquant avec l'entrée du fluide réfrigération dans le condenseur, sur le nombre de canaux affectés à la passe de sortie «c», c'est-à-dire la passe communiquant avec la sortie du fluide réfrigération hors du condenseur, est compris entre 2 et 5, la section des canaux étant constante d'une passe à l'autre.To the Figure 14 it is found that the condenser according to the invention may comprise at least three passes "a", "b" and "c". The number of channels assigned to the input pass "a", ie the pass communicating with the refrigerant inlet in the condenser, on the number of channels assigned to the exit pass "c" , that is to say the pass communicating with the refrigeration fluid outlet out of the condenser, is between 2 and 5, the section of the channels being constant from one pass to another.

Dans le cas d'un condenseur à trois passes on pourra avoir, à titre d'exemple illustratif, de 15 à 20 canaux dans la passe d'entrée «a», de 8 à 10 canaux dans la passe intermédiaire «b» et de 4 à 7 canaux dans la passe de sortie «c». Dans l'exemple de la Figure 14, les nombres de ces canaux sont respectivement N1 = 17 pour la passe «a», N2 = 10 pour la passe «b» et N3 = 6 pour la passe «c», d'où un rapport N1/N3 = 17/6 = 2,83.In the case of a three-pass condenser it will be possible, as an illustrative example, to have 15 to 20 channels in the input pass "a", 8 to 10 channels in the intermediate pass "b" and 4 to 7 channels in the exit pass "c". In the example of the Figure 14 , the numbers of these channels are respectively N1 = 17 for the pass "a", N2 = 10 for the pass "b" and N3 = 6 for the pass "c", hence a ratio N1 / N3 = 17/6 = 2.83.

On a représenté sur les Figures 6 et 7, respectivement, une vue en coupe et une vue de gauche d'un second mode de réalisation d'un condenseur conforme à la présente invention. Il se distingue par le fait que ses plaques sont réparties en une première série 94 et une seconde série 96 séparées l'une de l'autre par un bâti 98 dans lequel est logée une bouteille 100. La première série de plaques 94 est relativement plus importante que la seconde série 96. Elle est de préférence située à la partie supérieure de l'échangeur, tandis que la seconde série est située à la partie inférieure.We have shown on Figures 6 and 7 , respectively, a sectional view and a left view of a second embodiment of a condenser according to the present invention. It is distinguished by the fact that its plates are divided into a first series 94 and a second series 96 separated from each other by a frame 98 in which is housed a bottle 100. The first series of plates 94 is relatively more important than the second series 96. It is preferably located at the top of the exchanger, while the second series is located at the bottom.

Les plaques de la première série constituent une section de refroidissement du fluide de réfrigération et les plaques de la seconde série constituent une section de sous-refroidissement de ce fluide. La bouteille 100, également appelée réservoir intermédiaire, permet d'assurer la filtration et la déshydratation du fluide de réfrigération. Elle permet également de compenser ces variations de volume et d'assurer la séparation des phases liquides et gazeuses. Son interposition entre une partie amont et une partie aval 96 du condenseur permet de ne faire circuler que du fluide à l'état liquide dans la section de sous-refroidissement. Le fluide de réfrigération est ainsi refroidi au-dessous de sa température d'équilibre liquide-gaz, ce qui améliore les performances du condenseur et les rend relativement indépendantes de la quantité de fluide contenue dans le circuit de climatisation.The plates of the first series constitute a cooling section of the refrigeration fluid and the plates of the second series constitute a subcooling section of this fluid. The bottle 100, also called intermediate tank, ensures the filtration and dehydration of the refrigerant. It also makes it possible to compensate for these variations in volume and to ensure the separation of the liquid and gaseous phases. Its interposition between an upstream part and a downstream part 96 of the condenser makes it possible to circulate only fluid in the liquid state in the subcooling section. The refrigeration fluid is thus cooled below its liquid-gas equilibrium temperature, which improves the performance of the condenser and makes them relatively independent of the amount of fluid contained in the air conditioning circuit.

La circulation du fluide de réfrigération, ainsi que la circulation du fluide de refroidissement, peuvent être réalisées en une ou plusieurs passes dans la section de refroidissement 94, ainsi que dans la section de sous-refroidissement 16. Le fluide de réfrigération F1 pénètre dans la section de refroidissement 94 par la tubulure d'entrée 12 située en partie supérieure du condenseur. Il parcourt la section de refroidissement, en une ou plusieurs passes, puis passe dans la bouteille 100, dans laquelle il est filtré et déshydraté, puis retourne dans la section de sous-refroidissement 96 avant de quitter l'échangeur par la tubulure de sortie 14.The circulation of the refrigerating fluid, as well as the circulation of the cooling fluid, can be carried out in one or more passes in the cooling section 94, as well as in the subcooling section 16. The refrigerating fluid F1 enters the cooling section 94 through the inlet pipe 12 located in the upper part of the condenser. It traverses the cooling section, in one or more passes, then passes into the bottle 100, in which it is filtered and dehydrated, then returns to the subcooling section 96 before leaving the exchanger through the outlet pipe 14 .

Le fluide de refroidissement F2 circule à contre-courant du fluide de réfrigération. Il pénètre à la partie inférieure du condenseur, dans la section de sous-refroidissement 96, par la tubulure d'entrée 20 (voir Figure 7), il traverse la section de sous-refroidissement 96 puis pénètre directement dans la section de refroidissement 94 avant de ressortir du condenseur par la tubulure de sortie 22. Comme on peut le voir plus particulièrement sur la Figure 7, le bâti 98 comporte deux semelles 102 et une partie centrale 103 dans laquelle sont formés trois alésages cylindriques 104 qui constituent la bouteille. L'un de ces alésages, celui de droite sur la Figure 7, reçoit un filtre et des sels dessicatifs. Les plaques de la première série 94 et de la seconde série 96 viennent en appui sur les semelles 102 du bâti 98. On remarquera par ailleurs que, dans cet exemple, leurs concavités sont opposées.The cooling fluid F2 circulates against the current of the refrigeration fluid. It enters the lower part of the condenser, in the subcooling section 96, by the inlet tubing 20 (see Figure 7 ), it passes through the subcooling section 96 and then enters directly into the cooling section 94 before emerging from the condenser through the outlet pipe 22. As can be seen more particularly on the Figure 7 the frame 98 comprises two flanges 102 and a central portion 103 in which three cylindrical bores 104 are formed which constitute the bottle. One of these bores, the one on the right on the Figure 7 , receives a filter and desiccant salts. The plates of the first series 94 and the second series 96 bear on the flanges 102 of the frame 98. It will also be noted that in this example, their concavities are opposite.

On a représenté sur les Figures 8 et 9, respectivement, une vue en coupe longitudinale du condenseur passant par l'axe longitudinal de la partie de la bouteille 100 comportant le filtre et les sels dessicatifs et une coupe transversale de ce même échangeur. L'alésage cylindrique 104 correspondant se prolonge par une partie cylindrique 106 faisant saillie hors du condenseur. Cette partie cylindrique reçoit un bouchon 108 comportant une tête hexagonale 110 qui permet d'obturer la bouteille. Le bouchon 108 est muni d'un joint d'étanchéité torique 112. Une cartouche cylindrique allongée 114 est logée à l'intérieur de l'alésage cylindrique 104. Elle contient le dessiccant 116 qui permet de déshydrater et de filtrer le fluide de réfrigération F1.We have shown on Figures 8 and 9 , respectively, a longitudinal sectional view of the condenser passing through the longitudinal axis of the portion of the bottle 100 comprising the filter and the desicative salts and a cross section of the same exchanger. The corresponding cylindrical bore 104 is extended by a cylindrical portion 106 projecting out of the condenser. This cylindrical portion receives a cap 108 having a hexagonal head 110 which closes the bottle. The plug 108 is provided with a toric seal 112. An elongated cylindrical cartridge 114 is housed inside the cylindrical bore 104. It contains the desiccant 116 which makes it possible to dehydrate and filter the refrigerating fluid F1. .

La Figure 9 permet d'apprécier la forme particulière des plaques 2 du condenseur. Chaque plaque comporte une demi-cuvette à fond plat 122 traversée par un orifice de passage 124. Lorsque les plaques de l'échangeur sont empilées, les fonds plats des cuvettes viennent au contact l'un de l'autre. Durant l'opération de brasage de l'échangeur, ils sont assemblés entre eux de manière étanche. On réalise ainsi avantageusement des conduits annulaires permettant la circulation du fluide de réfrigération F1 et du fluide de refroidissement F2 d'un canal de passage à l'autre sans avoir à utiliser de pièces supplémentaires disposées entre les plaques. Bien entendu, en variante de réalisation, une plaque sur deux pourrait être plane, la cuvette formée dans la plaque adjacente ayant une profondeur correspondant à la totalité de l'écartement entre deux plaques successives.The Figure 9 allows to appreciate the particular shape of the plates 2 of the condenser. Each plate comprises a flat-bottom half-bowl 122 crossed by a through hole 124. When the plates of the exchanger are stacked, the flat bottoms of the cups come into contact with one another. During the brazing operation of the exchanger, they are assembled together in a sealed manner. Advantageously, annular ducts are produced which permit the circulation of the refrigeration fluid F1 and the fluid of cooling F2 from one passage channel to another without having to use additional pieces arranged between the plates. Of course, as an alternative embodiment, one plate out of two could be flat, the bowl formed in the adjacent plate having a depth corresponding to the entire spacing between two successive plates.

En outre, conformément à l'invention, des éléments turbulateurs (encore appelés perturbateurs) destinés à améliorer l'échange de chaleur peuvent être disposés entre les plaques. On a représenté sur la Figure 10 une première variante de réalisation d'un élément turbulateur 132. Il est constitué par une tôle emboutie conformée de manière à présenter des ondulations rectilignes 134 disposées, par exemple, dans le sens de la longueur des plaques. Dans ce cas, les plaques 2 présentent un fond généralement plan.In addition, according to the invention, turbulators (also called disrupters) for improving the heat exchange can be arranged between the plates. We have shown on the Figure 10 a first embodiment of a turbulator element 132. It is constituted by a stamped sheet shaped so as to have rectilinear corrugations 134 arranged, for example, in the direction of the length of the plates. In this case, the plates 2 have a generally flat bottom.

On a représenté sur la Figure 11 une autre forme de réalisation d'un élément turbulateur 136. Il comporte des emboutis 138 présentant la forme générale de créneaux. Ces créneaux sont répartis en deux séries décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre. Un tel élément turbulateur 136 est disposé entre des plaques 2 présentant également un fond généralement plan.We have shown on the Figure 11 another embodiment of a turbulator element 136. It comprises stampings 138 having the general shape of crenellations. These slots are divided into two series offset with respect to each other. Such a turbulator element 136 is disposed between plates 2 also having a generally flat bottom.

Les éléments turbulateurs 132 et 136 représentés sur les Figures 10 et 11 nécessitent de fabriquer une pièce supplémentaire et de l'intercaler entre les plaques. Il est possible de supprimer cette pièce supplémentaire en réalisant les éléments turbulateurs par des reliefs venus des plaques elles-mêmes et obtenus par une opération d'emboutissage.The turbulators 132 and 136 shown in the Figures 10 and 11 require to manufacture an additional piece and to insert it between the plates. It is possible to remove this additional piece by making the turbulators elements by reliefs from the plates themselves and obtained by a stamping operation.

Ainsi, sur la Figure 12, le condenseur comprend de premières plaques 140 présentant chacune un fond 142 ayant des ondulations 144 définies par des génératrices s'étendant dans une première direction D1 et de secondes plaques 146 disposées en alternance avec les premières plaques 140 et présentant chacune un fond 148 ayant des ondulations 150 définies par des génératrices s'étendant dans une seconde direction D2 qui est sensiblement perpendiculaire à la première direction D1. Les ondulations respectives des plaques permettent de donner aux canaux une structure tridimensionnelle particulière qui favorise un écoulement turbulent du fluide F1 et du fluide F2 et, par conséquent, un bon échange thermique entre eux. Ceci permet également de supprimer des éléments turbulateurs insérés entre les plaques.So, on the Figure 12 the condenser comprises first plates 140 each having a bottom 142 having corrugations 144 defined by generatrices extending in a first direction D1 and second plates 146 arranged alternately with the first plates 140 and having each having a bottom 148 having undulations 150 defined by generatrices extending in a second direction D2 which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction D1. The respective undulations of the plates make it possible to give the channels a particular three-dimensional structure which favors a turbulent flow of the fluid F1 and the fluid F2 and, consequently, a good heat exchange between them. This also eliminates turbulators inserted between the plates.

On a représenté sur la Figure 13 une variante de réalisation des éléments turbulateurs de la Figure 12. L'échangeur comprend une première série de plaques 154 et une seconde série de plaques 156 comportant respectivement des ondulations 158 et 160 en forme de chevrons. Ces ondulations définissent également une structure tridimensionnelle des canaux d'écoulement des fluides qui favorise un écoulement turbulent et un bon échange thermique entre eux.We have shown on the Figure 13 an alternative embodiment of the turbulators of the Figure 12 . The exchanger comprises a first series of plates 154 and a second series of plates 156 respectively comprising corrugations 158 and 160 in the form of chevrons. These corrugations also define a three-dimensional structure of fluid flow channels that promotes turbulent flow and good heat exchange between them.

Claims (14)

  1. Condenser, particularly for a motor vehicle air-conditioning circuit, comprising a multitude of stacked main-section plates (2) assembled to delimit first flow channels for a refrigerating fluid (F1) which alternate with second flow channels for a cooling fluid (F2), characterized in that the plates (2) are arranged in a first series (94) for cooling the refrigerating fluid until it condenses, and a second series (96) for cooling the refrigerating fluid below the temperature at which it condenses.
  2. Condenser according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a bottle (100) built in between the first and second series of plates (94, 96).
  3. Condenser according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises at least two passes over the refrigerating fluid.
  4. Condenser according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates comprise communication passages (124) to allow the refrigerating fluid (F1) and the cooling fluid (F2) to pass from one flow channel to the other, annular ducts (68, 122) being provided alternately facing the communication passages so as to prevent fluids from mixing.
  5. Condenser according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main-section plates are equipped with two communication passages intended for the passage of the refrigerating fluid (F1) and with two communication passages intended for the passage of the cooling fluid (F2).
  6. Condenser according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stacked plates (2) are equipped with turned-up peripheral edges (3) which are joined together in a sealed manner.
  7. Condenser according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one inlet and one outlet for refrigerating fluid and at least one pass (a) over the refrigerating fluid communicating with said inlet, known as the inlet pass, and another pass (c) communicating with said outlet, known as the outlet pass, the cross section of the passes diminishing from the inlet pass towards the outlet pass.
  8. Condenser according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one refrigerating fluid communication passage or, as appropriate, one cooling fluid communication passage, is omitted in some of the main-section plates so as to determine passes for the circulation of the refrigerating fluid or, as appropriate, for the circulation of the cooling fluid.
  9. Condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that turbulence generators (132, 136) are arranged between the plates (2).
  10. Condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plates have reliefs (144, 150, 158, 160) which constitute turbulence generators.
  11. Condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the hydraulic diameter of the flow channels for the fluids (F1 and F2) is between 0.1 mm and 3 mm.
  12. Condenser according to one of Claims 3 to 11, characterized in that the annular ducts consist of bowls (122) formed in the plates (2).
  13. Condenser according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the cooling fluid (F2) consists of the water from the motor vehicle engine cooling circuit.
  14. Air-conditioning circuit, particularly for the cabin of a motor vehicle, comprising an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, in which a refrigerating fluid circulates, characterized in that the condenser is in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 13.
EP08158983.0A 2002-10-31 2003-10-31 Condenser, in particular for an automobile air-conditioning circuit, and circuit comprising such a condenser Revoked EP1992891B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0213671A FR2846733B1 (en) 2002-10-31 2002-10-31 CONDENSER, IN PARTICULAR FOR A CIRCUIT FOR CIMATING A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND CIRCUIT COMPRISING THE CONDENSER
PCT/FR2003/003055 WO2004042293A1 (en) 2002-10-31 2003-10-31 Condenser, in particular for a motor vehicle air conditioning circuit, and circuit comprising same
EP03810494A EP1592930B1 (en) 2002-10-31 2003-10-31 Condenser, in particular for a motor vehicle air conditioning circuit, and circuit comprising same

Related Parent Applications (1)

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EP03810494A Division EP1592930B1 (en) 2002-10-31 2003-10-31 Condenser, in particular for a motor vehicle air conditioning circuit, and circuit comprising same

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EP1992891A1 EP1992891A1 (en) 2008-11-19
EP1992891B1 true EP1992891B1 (en) 2017-06-21

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EP03810494A Expired - Lifetime EP1592930B1 (en) 2002-10-31 2003-10-31 Condenser, in particular for a motor vehicle air conditioning circuit, and circuit comprising same

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EP (2) EP1992891B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003301834A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2004042293A1 (en)

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EP1992891A1 (en) 2008-11-19
EP1592930A1 (en) 2005-11-09
US20090071189A1 (en) 2009-03-19
US7469554B2 (en) 2008-12-30
US8122736B2 (en) 2012-02-28
FR2846733B1 (en) 2006-09-15
US20060053833A1 (en) 2006-03-16
FR2846733A1 (en) 2004-05-07
EP1592930B1 (en) 2013-02-13
AU2003301834A1 (en) 2004-06-07
WO2004042293A1 (en) 2004-05-21

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