EP1982323B1 - Corps poreux metallique propre a attenuer le bruit des turbines aeronautiques - Google Patents

Corps poreux metallique propre a attenuer le bruit des turbines aeronautiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1982323B1
EP1982323B1 EP06847101.0A EP06847101A EP1982323B1 EP 1982323 B1 EP1982323 B1 EP 1982323B1 EP 06847101 A EP06847101 A EP 06847101A EP 1982323 B1 EP1982323 B1 EP 1982323B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channels
porous body
mandrel
process according
metal
Prior art date
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EP06847101.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1982323A1 (fr
Inventor
Jason Nadler
Florin Paun
Pierre Josso
Marie-Pierre Bacos
Stéphane GASSER
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Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
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Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/496—Multiperforated metal article making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12361—All metal or with adjacent metals having aperture or cut
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12479—Porous [e.g., foamed, spongy, cracked, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the manufacture of porous metal bodies.
  • the sound emission of a commercial aircraft can reach 155 dB in the immediate vicinity of the aircraft at takeoff. This value, higher than the threshold of hearing pain evaluated at 120 dB, still reaches 90 dB at 400 m from the source. It is therefore desirable to reduce this level of noise emission.
  • One way to try to solve this problem is to absorb the noise at one of its emission points, that is to say at the motors. Solutions have already been implemented in the "cold” parts of the engines, but the "hot” parts are not currently the subject of any acoustic treatment. It is therefore desirable to develop a material having an acoustic absorption function for the hot parts of aircraft engines. To do this, a planned route is to develop a nozzle capable of partially absorbing the noise produced inside the engine.
  • Honeycomb structures can be adapted to sound absorption. These structures are then associated with perforated skins partially closing the elementary cells.
  • the elementary cells with a diameter greater than 1 mm, thus form resonant acoustic cavities that trap the penetrating waves through the perforations.
  • These structures lead to insufficient acoustic properties because they are Helmholtz type resonators that can only absorb very specific frequencies. The phenomenon used is based on quarter-wave resonance. Only the frequencies having a wavelength close to four times the depth of the elementary cells and their harmonics are absorbed effectively.
  • EP 0036356 describes a porous metal body with channels. However, effective acoustic absorption at the nozzle for the noise produced by the combustion chamber and the different vanes of turbines and high pressure compressors implies an effect over a broad frequency spectrum.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a porous structure having acoustic properties improved over those of known structures.
  • the invention aims in particular according to claim 1 a porous metal body having two opposite main faces and adapted to attenuate the noise produced or transmitted by a current of gas sweeping a first of said main faces, said body having pores in the form of cylindrical channels whose axes extend substantially in straight lines perpendicular to said first face, opening through a first of their ends in said first face and closed at their opposite end, each channel having a diameter of between 0.1 and 0.3 mm approximately and being situated, for at least part of its length, at a minimum distance from its closest neighbors of between approximately 0.02 and 0.3 mm, and the ratio between the length and the diameter of the channels being greater than ten and preferably of the order of 10 2 .
  • the metal structure thus described has a porosity that can exceed 70%, and therefore a density that is compatible with aeronautical applications.
  • This structure behaves like an excellent noise absorber, especially for frequencies above 1 kHz, as shown by the application of classical analytical acoustic absorption models (propagation of an acoustic wave inside of a tube by Kirchhoff in 1857).
  • the open cells of this "micro-honeycomb" are large enough to allow the sound wave, in the frequency range of the order of 1 kHz and below, to penetrate the structure but small enough to provide the specific surface needed to attenuate the acoustic energy by viscoacoustic dissipation in the fluid contained within the porous material. This dissipation is due to the shearing of the fluid in the boundary layer appearing on the inner walls of the porous structure.
  • the wave does not penetrate the structure effectively.
  • the phenomenon of quarter-wave resonance becomes predominant.
  • the cylindrical channels having a diameter of between 0.1 and 0.3 mm promote the dissipation of the energy of the acoustic wave in the gas shear occurring in the boundary layers appearing on the walls of the channels.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical channels is greater than 0.3 mm, the total surface of the walls becomes insufficient.
  • the absorption mechanism of this new structure is due to a viscous dissipation in the gas whereas, for comparison, a classical acoustic absorption system uses the principle of the Helmholtz resonator valid exclusively for the absorption of a gas. particular frequency and must be combined, in order to be able to absorb a wider spectrum of frequencies, with non-structural porous materials.
  • any noise absorber based on the principle of the Helmholtz resonator will necessarily be thick because to cover the entire range of frequencies to be absorbed it will be necessary to associate with the resonant structure different other materials ( honeycombs, felts, etc.) in different thicknesses. But this race to the thickness can cause significant overweight.
  • the material according to the invention is a structural element and can be dimensioned as such.
  • its mechanical performance reduced to its apparent density are exceptional (structural behavior of honeycomb type).
  • its noise absorber function can be considered as an additional asset. Therefore, the application of this invention to aircraft engines will treat noise at its point of emission without increasing congestion.
  • honeycombs welding embossed sheets or deploying pierced metal sheets
  • the usual techniques for making honeycombs are not applicable here because of the scale of the object. So we have to use other techniques.
  • One of these techniques is based on forming from an ultrapure nickel chemical bath. The shape and diameter of the hole will be determined by the mandrel used and the wall by the thickness of the chemical deposit.
  • the mandrel electrically conductive through chemical deposition of copper After rendering the mandrel electrically conductive through chemical deposition of copper, it is coated with electrolytic nickel to give it sufficient rigidity for handling. Then the electrolytic deposition is completed by a deposit of alloy powder pre-coated with a nickel-boron alloy as described in the French patent application. 05.07255 of July 7, 2005 or of alloy powder dispersed in an organic binder as described in the French patent application 05.07256 of July 7, 2005.
  • the subject of the invention is also an aeronautical turbine casing comprising at least one sector consisting of a porous body as defined above, and a method according to claim 9 for manufacturing such a porous body, in which method is available in layers a multiplicity of wires each comprising a cylindrical mandrel with a diameter of between 0.1 and 0.3 mm approximately in a heat-destructible material, surrounded by a sheath made of metal, the sheath of each wire being in contact with the sheaths of neighboring wires in the same layer and with the sheaths of neighboring layers, and heat treatment is performed to remove the mandrels and bind the sheaths together producing a metal matrix.
  • the mandrel used is a cylindrical wire of 0.1 mm diameter revolution (the following method is applicable regardless of the diameter of the selected wire, from 1 ⁇ m to 3 mm), and regardless of the shape of its cross section. ).
  • This may be in particular a polyamide or polyimide yarn marketed as fishing line.
  • a nickel chemical deposit is produced on this wire by proceeding in the following four steps separated by abundant rinsing with deionized water. 1. Surface preparation by degreasing and wetting. 2. Adsorption deposition of a solid reductant, tin chloride SnCl 2 , by immersion for at least 5 min in a saturated solution (5 g / l) of this salt. 3.
  • the wire After immersion for 90 minutes at 90 ° C, the wire is covered with a deposit of very pure nickel with a thickness of about 20 .mu.m.
  • This coated wire is cut into sections of appropriate length, of the order of 1 cm.
  • the different sections are then arranged parallel to each other in an alumina crucible.
  • the sections of a first layer rest on the bottom plane of the crucible, each being in contact with two neighbors by diametrically opposed generatrices.
  • the following layers are each deposited on the previous layer, staggered.
  • the set is surmounted by a weight of some tens of grams so as to keep the sections in contact with each other.
  • the crucible is then placed in an oven under a vacuum better than 10 -3 Pa and heated to 400 ° C, at which temperature the synthetic material of the mandrel decomposes and is ingested by the pumping system. After a one-hour stage, a heating ramp is carried out at 70 ° C./min up to 1200 ° C. followed by a quarter-hour stage for the interdiffusion of each tube with its nearest neighbors. The whole is then cooled.
  • a pure nickel microporous object comprising pores in the form of circular cylindrical channels of diameter D ( figure 1 ) about 100 microns.
  • each cylindrical pore 1 has six immediate neighbors 2 from which it is separated by a pure nickel wall 3 with a minimum thickness e of about 40 microns.
  • the channels 2 are arranged in a uniform angular distribution, that is to say that the traces 4 of their axes in the plane of the figure 1 are located at the vertices of a regular hexagon having for center the trace 5 of the axis of the channel 1. In reality the arrangement of the channels may be less regular.
  • a large length of the synthetic thread used in Example 1 is wound on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) assembly comprising six parallel cylindrical bars whose axes are arranged, in a straight projection, along the vertices of a regular hexagon.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a chemical copper deposit is then produced on this wire by proceeding in the following four steps separated by abundant rinsing with deionized water. 1. Surface preparation by degreasing and wetting. 2. Adsorption deposition of a solid reductant, tin chloride SnCl 2 , by immersion for at least 5 min in a saturated solution (5 g / l) of this salt. 3.
  • the electrically conducting wire is immersed in a conventional electrolytic nickel plating bath and connected to the cathode. After 20 minutes of deposition under a current density of 3 A / dm 2 the wire is covered with 20 microns of pure nickel.
  • the thread thus coated is cut into sections of the appropriate length. These sections are then covered with a thickness of about 100 microns of a mixture of 80 parts of nickel superalloy powder marketed under the name IN738 and 20 parts of a binder itself composed in equal parts of a epoxy adhesive and ethyl alcohol diluent, this operation being performed by rolling the sections in the presence of the powder-binder mixture between a flat support surface and a flat bearing plate, the distance between these two plates to determine the thickness of the powder deposit.
  • microporous object IN738 alloy Each pore measures approximately 100 to 300 ⁇ m in diameter and is separated from the neighboring pores by a superalloy wall of approximately 200 ⁇ m.
  • Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 2 to obtain a wire coated with 20 microns of nickel cut into sections.
  • the sections of nickel-plated wire are rolled into this mixture as described in Example 2 to receive a layer of about 100 microns of coated superalloy powder.
  • a simple heat treatment allows both to solder the powder grains together and the tubes between them. Thanks to the chemical deposition of nickel-boron alloy on the superalloy powder, the wall of the tube obtained after a Annealing is dense and homogeneous. The grains of powder are brazed together.
  • Each pore measures approximately 100 to 300 ⁇ m in diameter and is separated from the neighboring pores by a superalloy wall of approximately 200 ⁇ m.
  • Mandrels of so-called pyrolyzed cotton fibers are used as mandrels, that is to say wicks of carbon obtained by carding natural cotton and pyrolysis under reduced pressure of argon, with a diameter of about 0, 1 mm.
  • the fibers are previously nickel-plated by a so-called "barrel" technique in a conventional nickel sulfamate bath.
  • the electrolysis is conducted for the time necessary to obtain a nickel thickness of between 20 and 40 ⁇ m.
  • the nickeled wicks are then cut into sections which are mixed with the diluted epoxy adhesive used in Example 2 in a proportion of about 95% wicks per 5% glue and arranged parallel to each other in a PTFE mold. After hardening of the glue, a high porosity set is obtained.
  • this assembly is then impregnated with the mixture of coated superalloy powder Astrolloy Coatex P90 and used in Example 3.
  • the material After drying in an oven at 90 ° C, the material is disposed in a vertical oven under hydrogen preheated to 800 ° C. It then undergoes a temperature ramp of 5 ° C. per minute to a temperature of 1100 ° C. Two concomitant phenomena then occur: the nickel-boron solder which coats the grains of Astrolloy powder melts with the consequence of brazing the grains of powder between them, and the carbon of the locks reacts with the hydrogen of the furnace atmosphere for to form methane. After an 8 hour stage and a cooling under hydrogen until the temperature of approximately 500 ° C.
  • a microporous material is obtained with pores with a diameter of about 0.1 mm separated by walls whose thickness varies between 50 and 200 ⁇ m, other smaller pores may come from the interstices between the fibers. coated.
  • Each of Examples 1 to 4 provides a porous body having two opposite planar main faces, the thickness of which is equal to the length of the wire sections used, of the order of 1 cm given the ratio to be respected with the diameter of the wire. , and which comprises cylindrical pores 1 perpendicular to these two faces and opening therein. It is then possible to obtain a planar porous body according to the invention, whose pores are closed at one end, covering one of the main faces with a continuous metal layer 6 ( figure 2 ), for example in the form of a sheet of 0.5 mm thick brazed to the base body, or by sealing the pores with a metal powder in suspension, by coating or spraying.
  • a sector of an aircraft turbine casing by machining the base body to obtain a convex arc-shaped face and a concave arc-shaped face, the pore-sealing being then carried out on the convex face.
  • the length of the wire sections must be greater than the thickness of the sector to be obtained, and the axes of the channels are normal to the concave face only halfway along the arc, and have an increasing inclination by normal to each end of the arc.
  • crankcase sector for an aircraft turbine, without having to perform the machining necessary in the previous examples.
  • An inner casing of about 1 meter in diameter is for example subdivided into 12 sectors.
  • Strands of nickel-plated wire prepared as in Example 3 and cut to an appropriate length are arranged vertically on a horizontal PTFE plate having a thickness of about 1 mm, a length and a width equal to the arc length and to the axial length of the sector to be realized.
  • the total surface of the plate being covered by the sections of nickel-plated wire, the end thereof is glued with a cyanoacrylate type glue. Since the adhesive is polymerized, the PTFE plate is bent, so that the wire sections extend radially outwardly and have a mutual spacing in the circumferential direction which is increasing from the plate, the coating of nickel ensuring the rigidity of the sections.
  • the voids thus formed are filled with the mixture of coated superalloy powder Astrolloy Coatex P90 and used in Example 3, this powder may be replaced in part by hollow nickel spheres such as spheres of a diameter of the order 0.5 mm marketed by ATECA. After drying in an oven overnight at 70 ° C, the PTFE plate is removed, all fibers, powder and glue being mechanically solid. The whole is introduced into a vacuum oven. When the pressure in the chamber is less than about 10 -3 Pa, the assembly is heated to a temperature of 450 ° C for 1 hour for degassing and removal of organic products (mandrel and methyl methacrylate).
  • the decomposition of the methacrylate results in a deposit of carbon residues on the surface of each grain of superalloy powder.
  • a new heating ramp is carried out at 70 ° C / min up to 1320 ° C and followed by a fifteen-minute stage for the interdiffusion of each grain of powder with its nearest neighbors and each tube with his closest neighbors. The whole is then cooled.
  • the eutectic Ni-carbon acted as solder and ensured the joining of the grains of powder between them and then solidified through the diffusion of carbon in the alloy.
  • a porous body 10 is obtained ( figure 3 ) in the form of an arc of a circle traversed by a multitude of 11 channels 0.1 mm in diameter separated from each other by walls 12 of a minimum thickness of a few hundredths of a millimeter in the vicinity of the concave face of the body and a few tenths of a millimeter in the vicinity of its convex face.
  • the pores are then closed by a metal layer 13 similar to the layer 6 of the figure 2 applied on the convex side.
  • Sectors such as the figure 3 may be used on the entire periphery of the housing, or only a part thereof.
  • ultrasonic treatment of the porous body can be carried out to remove traces of carbon remaining after heat treatment on the walls of the channels and obtain a very smooth surface.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
EP06847101.0A 2005-12-23 2006-12-21 Corps poreux metallique propre a attenuer le bruit des turbines aeronautiques Active EP1982323B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0513263A FR2895554B1 (fr) 2005-12-23 2005-12-23 Corps poreux metallique propre a attenuer le bruit des turbines aeronautiques
PCT/FR2006/002823 WO2007077343A1 (fr) 2005-12-23 2006-12-21 Corps poreux metallique propre a attenuer le bruit des turbines aeronautiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1982323A1 EP1982323A1 (fr) 2008-10-22
EP1982323B1 true EP1982323B1 (fr) 2017-11-08

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EP06847101.0A Active EP1982323B1 (fr) 2005-12-23 2006-12-21 Corps poreux metallique propre a attenuer le bruit des turbines aeronautiques

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7963364B2 (es)
EP (1) EP1982323B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2009521637A (es)
CA (1) CA2634548C (es)
ES (1) ES2658684T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2895554B1 (es)
RU (1) RU2389084C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2007077343A1 (es)

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EP1873751B1 (en) 2006-06-29 2017-09-27 United Technologies Corporation Anechoic visco-thermal liner

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FR3111619B1 (fr) 2020-06-17 2022-12-23 Airbus Helicopters Pale de giravion munie de cavités, giravion équipé d’une telle pale et procédé d’atténuation d’un bruit
EP4334931A2 (fr) 2021-05-04 2024-03-13 Safran Aircraft Engines Meta-materiau acoustique et procede pour sa fabrication additive
US11674435B2 (en) 2021-06-29 2023-06-13 General Electric Company Levered counterweight feathering system
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2634548C (fr) 2015-11-24
WO2007077343A1 (fr) 2007-07-12
US7963364B2 (en) 2011-06-21
ES2658684T3 (es) 2018-03-12
JP2009521637A (ja) 2009-06-04
RU2389084C2 (ru) 2010-05-10
EP1982323A1 (fr) 2008-10-22
US20100221570A1 (en) 2010-09-02
RU2008130380A (ru) 2010-01-27
FR2895554B1 (fr) 2008-03-21
CA2634548A1 (fr) 2007-07-12
FR2895554A1 (fr) 2007-06-29

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