EP1980018A2 - Circuit pour régler une impédance - Google Patents

Circuit pour régler une impédance

Info

Publication number
EP1980018A2
EP1980018A2 EP07711142A EP07711142A EP1980018A2 EP 1980018 A2 EP1980018 A2 EP 1980018A2 EP 07711142 A EP07711142 A EP 07711142A EP 07711142 A EP07711142 A EP 07711142A EP 1980018 A2 EP1980018 A2 EP 1980018A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
circuit according
impedance
adjusting
amplifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07711142A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Franz Hrubes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Micro Epsilon Messtechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Micro Epsilon Messtechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Micro Epsilon Messtechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Micro Epsilon Messtechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP09007134A priority Critical patent/EP2088672B1/fr
Publication of EP1980018A2 publication Critical patent/EP1980018A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/46—One-port networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/24—Frequency-independent attenuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/28—Impedance matching networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit for adjusting an impedance between two poles, wherein the impedance comprises the input impedance of the circuit.
  • Adjustable impedances are needed and used in many areas of circuit technology. They are particularly frequently used in conjunction with customizable LC resonant circuits and serve to tune the resonant circuit to a desired resonant frequency.
  • the resonant frequency of an LC resonant circuit is determined by its capacitance and inductance values. If the resonance frequency is to be set or changed, these values must be suitably influenced. For this purpose, various methods are known from practice. On the one hand, fixed capacitors or inductors can be added to or switched off from the resonant circuit. On the other hand, trimmers or variable capacitors or coils adjustable in their inductance are known and have been used for many years. Another option for setting impedances is provided by capacitance diodes.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, a circuit of the type mentioned in such a way and further, that the largest possible adjustment range of impedance at the same time good control and / or programmability can be achieved.
  • the circuit should be simple and inexpensive to build and show the most stable performance.
  • the above object is solved by the features of claim 1.
  • the circuit in question is characterized in that the circuit comprises amplifiers, that adjustment means are provided with which the gain of at least one amplifier and / or the circuit as a whole can be varied, and that by influencing the adjusting means the impedance is changeable between the two poles.
  • an impedance between two poles can be achieved not only by connecting or disconnecting impedances or setting their values. Rather, the impedance between two poles can be changed as input impedance of a circuit by electronic means.
  • amplifiers are used in the circuit, wherein one or more of the amplifiers are adjustable by adjusting means in their gain. Alternatively or additionally, the entire circuit in the amplification could also be changed.
  • the impedance between the two poles changed, which can be used with a suitable dimensioning of the amplifier and its wiring to adjustability of an impedance between the two input terminals.
  • an impedance can be changed in this way over a wide range of times by simple means.
  • adjustability of impedance over a wider range and good control and programmability can be achieved.
  • electronically adjustable adjusting means could be used, whereby an automatic adjustment is made possible.
  • the gain will be chosen with a value between 0 and 1. Although a value greater than 1 could be set, the circuit then tends to vibrate, which is generally undesirable.
  • the amplifiers are implemented by operational amplifiers.
  • Operational amplifiers have the advantage that comparatively simple compact circuits can be built with them. However, especially at higher frequencies, other amplifiers, such as simple transistor amplifiers, could be used.
  • the circuit has at one or both poles each an amplifier which acts as a buffer amplifier.
  • This buffer amplifier serves to make the input potential at the pole independent of the output. If the potential applied to a pole is at a fixed potential, the use of a buffer amplifier can generally be dispensed with. In general, however, at least one of the poles will have a buffer amplifier.
  • a feedback loop which includes a feedback impedance.
  • This feedback impedance could be formed from one or more capacitances and / or one or more inductors.
  • ohmic shares could be included.
  • the feedback impedance could be constructed in a variety of ways. For this purpose, all known from practice impedances are available. Film capacitors, core coils, multilayer capacitors or ceramic capacitors are mentioned only as some exemplary embodiments. However, the impedance could also be realized as part of an integrated circuit. The choice of components will in most cases depend on the particular circuitry requirements.
  • the feedback impedance, the amplifiers, and the adjusting means could cooperate such that by affecting the adjusting means, the part of the feedback impedance effective for the input impedance of the circuit could be used.
  • pedanza is adjustable. This could be such that as the gain increases, the effective portion of the feedback impedance decreases. If a gain factor of 1 were selected in such a circuit, then the feedback impedance would be ineffective. The further the amplification factor decreases, the greater would be the effective portion of the feedback impedance. Upon reaching a gain of 0, the total feedback impedance at the input of the circuit would be effective.
  • the adjustment means could be manually, electrically, electronically and / or digitally adjustable.
  • a manual adjustability can be particularly interesting if you want to dispense with an adjustment electronics or can and comparatively rarely the impedance must be changed.
  • An electrical, electronic or digital adjustability is necessary in particular in an automatic or automated adjustment of the impedance.
  • These adjustment means can be realized by all known from practice devices. Depending on the desired field of application and the desired setting accuracy, the adjustment means can have a continuous adjustability or can be changed in stages or quasi-continuously. Which setting means are ultimately selected depends on the particular area of use desired and the requirements arising therefrom.
  • a possible embodiment of the adjustment means would be the use of potentiometers. These could be configured in a variety of ways known from practice. In this case, both an analog and digital design would be conceivable.
  • an adjustment means with an associated amplifier is realized as a current- or voltage-controlled amplifier.
  • a current controlled amplifier (IGA) would be set with an adjustable current source.
  • a controllable voltage source would be provided for setting a voltage controlled amplifier (VGA).
  • the current or voltage source could in turn be adjusted to the most diverse types known from practice. So the Stromg. Voltage source be designed as a digital or analog controlled source.
  • an adjustment means could also be formed by a multiplying digital-to-analogue converter. In this case, for example, the multiplication factor could be entered as a digital quantity into the system and multiplied by this factor the input quantity.
  • adjustment means could be combined in various ways. For example, an adjustment means could be provided with which the gain can be adjusted in a coarse range. Another adjustment means could be provided for setting the fine range. It could also find different types of adjuster application. For example, the coarse range could be adjusted manually while fine tuning is performed electronically.
  • an adjustment device could be provided which outputs control signals to the adjustment means.
  • these control signals could be designed as analog control voltages or currents, on the other hand the control signals could comprise digital signals.
  • the most diverse known from practice methods are applicable. However, the choice of the control signals and the choice of the setting means are usefully coordinated with each other.
  • an adjustment device operates essentially automatically. This allows the circuit to automatically set the desired impedance or behavior.
  • the adjustment process could be done in the form of a controller.
  • a desired impedance would be set and adjusted by the adjusting the setting means accordingly.
  • the correspondence between the predetermined value and the actual setting of the adjusting means could be predetermined by the circuit itself.
  • the desired value could also be specified indirectly. For example, when using the circuit in an LC resonant circuit, a desired frequency could be specified. This frequency would then be assigned a setting of the / the setting means accordingly.
  • an automated setting is much simpler and more precise if the adjustment is carried out in the form of a control.
  • the frequency output by the resonant circuit could be measured and compared with a predetermined nominal frequency.
  • the adjusting device then adapts the adjustment means appropriately until the difference between the desired frequency and the actual frequency output is below a predefinable limit.
  • the circuit can advantageously be used in conjunction with the adaptation of the resonant frequency of a resonant circuit. This offers particular advantages, for example in connection with the activation of a sensor. If the sensor is, for example, an eddy current sensor which is to be operated at a resonance frequency, then the circuit according to the invention can advantageously be used to set the driver circuit to the resonance of the sensor. In this way, changes in the resonance frequency as a result of temperature drift, component aging, corrosion, disturbances or the like could be reacted very easily and quickly.
  • the circuit according to the invention could also be used in connection with the adaptation of an output of a driver circuit.
  • a cable signals can be coupled particularly effective when the output impedance of the driver stage substantially equal to the impedance of the connected cable.
  • the impedance of the output stage would have to be adapted to the respectively used one Cable to be adjusted.
  • the circuit according to the invention could be used.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a circuit according to the invention for adjusting the impedance between two poles with a buffer amplifier at each pole
  • Fig. 2 similar to the basic structure of a circuit according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows the use of a circuit according to the invention in connection with the control of an eddy current sensor
  • Fig. 7 shows the use of a circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 6, wherein the circuit additionally comprises a detection device and
  • Fig. 8 shows the use of a circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 7, wherein the circuit is configured automatically adjustable.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 show the basic structure of a circuit 1 according to the invention for adjusting the impedance Z between two poles 2, 3.
  • Each of the poles 2, 3 is connected in Fig. 1, each with a buffer amplifier 4 and 5, which connects as an impedance converter are.
  • Fig. 2 only one buffer amplifier 4 is provided, while a signal coupled in pole 3 is fed directly into the circuit. Since pole 3 is at ground potential, the buffer amplifier can be omitted.
  • the outputs of the buffer amplifier or the directly connected pole are connected in FIGS. 1 and 2 with a potentiometer 6 such that the nominal resistance of the potentiometer 6 lies between the two terminals.
  • the sliding contact of the potentiometer 6 is connected to the non-inverting input of an operational amplifier 7.
  • the output is fed back directly to the inverting input.
  • the output of the operational amplifier 7 is additionally connected to the pole 2 via a feedback impedance 8.
  • the gain of the circuit 1 is set between 0 and 1. Because of the general tendency to oscillate, gains greater than 1 do not make sense. By changing the gain different proportions of the feedback impedance 8 for the impedance Z are effective. With a gain close to 1, the impedance Z can be set to a minimum value - ideally close to 0 - and with a gain of about 0 approximately to the value of the feedback impedance 8. Since in the illustrated embodiment, a potentiometer 6 is used and the gain can be adjusted continuously, also an adjustability of the impedance is achieved in a continuous range of values.
  • the control current is controlled by a Power source 10 generated.
  • the current source 10 can be designed manually, electrically, electronically or digitally adjustable.
  • VGA voltage-controlled amplifier 11
  • the control signal forms the output voltage of an adjustable voltage source 12.
  • This source can also be set in many different ways.
  • Fig. 5 another embodiment of the adjusting means is shown.
  • the structure of the circuit 1 is similar in principle to that of the circuit of Fig. 1. Only the potentiometer 6 is replaced by a digital potentiometer 13 which is set by a microprocessor 14 via a digital control signal.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the use of a circuit 1 according to the invention in connection with the control of a sensor 15.
  • the illustrated sensor 15 is part of a position measuring system which operates on the eddy current loss principle.
  • This sensor 15 is intended to be operated at a resonant frequency and kept at this frequency, so that conductive objects passing into the measuring range of the eddy current sensor 15 produce a particularly great influence on the measuring signal.
  • the eddy current sensor 15, together with its connection cable 16, is supplemented by a capacitor 17 to form a resonant circuit which is pre-adjusted to a fundamental frequency by the choice of the values of the components.
  • the resonant circuit is powered by a generator 18 with energy, wherein the energy is coupled via a coupling impedance 19 in the resonant circuit.
  • a circuit 1 according to the invention for setting an impedance Z between two poles 2, 3 is connected. Since the pole 3 is at ground potential, a buffer amplifier is dispensed with at this pole.
  • the circuit 1 thus used is similar to the circuit shown in FIG.
  • the feedback impedance is formed by a capacitance 20.
  • the gain of the circuit 1 and thus the effective impedance Z proportion of the feedback capacitance 20 is set. In this way, the total capacity of the parallel circuit of the capacitance 17 and the circuit 1 can be changed. With the change in the total capacity is also a change in the resonant frequency of Nutrition sensor 15, cable 16, capacitance 17 and circuit 1 existing resonant circuit associated. At a gain near 1, a minimum portion of the feedback impedance 20 becomes effective. Since the frequency of a resonant circuit is inversely proportional to the root of the capacitance, a minimum resonant frequency will result at a minimum capacitance. As the gain decreases, the fraction of the feedback capacitance 20 effective for the impedance Z increases. As a result, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is reduced to a minimum. By suitable choice of the individual components, the resonance frequency can thus be shifted in a larger range.
  • the signal detected by the sensor 15 is evaluated by an evaluation electronics 21 according to the metrological requirements.
  • the circuit shown in Fig. 7 differs from the circuit shown in Fig. 6 in that the phase difference between the signal output by the generator 18 and the signal of the resonant circuit of proximity sensor 15, connecting cable 16, capacitance 17 and circuit 1 is determined.
  • the phase difference determined by the phase comparator 22 is output by a display device 23, which is designed here as a multimeter. This phase difference can be used to adjust the adjusting means 6 until the difference lies below a predeterminable barrier, for example near 0. In Fig. 7, the setting of the adjusting means is done manually.
  • Fig. 8 shows a circuit in which this adaptation can be carried out automatically.
  • the circuit 1 is formed by the circuit shown in Fig. 5, again dispensing with the buffer amplifier 5 for the known reason.
  • a phase comparator 22 measures the phase difference between the signal generated by the generator 18 and the signal of the proximity sensor 15, connecting cable 16, capacitance 17 and circuit 1 existing oscillating circuit.
  • the output of the phase comparator 22 is fed to a further comparator 24, which compares the difference signal with a setpoint value 25.
  • This setpoint 25 will generally correspond to a phase difference of zero. However, other target values are conceivable.
  • the output of the comparator 24 is provided to a microprocessor 14 as an input signal. Based on the result of the comparison between the phase difference and the set value, the microprocessor 14 adjusts the digital potentiometer 13 suitably, so that the difference signal received by the comparator 24 comes to lie below a predefinable threshold.
  • circuits shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8 can also be used to allow the use of different length connection cables.
  • Previously existing displacement measuring systems which operate on the eddy current loss principle, have the problem that the cable length between the sensor and the associated electronics is limited. This is due in particular to the fact that for a given operating frequency, the cable capacitance in combination with the inductance of the cable itself and the inductance of the sensor may only assume a maximum value. The maximum permissible cable length is reached if the total required parallel capacitance is included in the cable. If the length then reached is not sufficient for the application, an additional parallel inductance can reduce the overall inductance and thus increase the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit. This makes it possible to extend the sensor cable further to get back to the desired resonant frequency.
  • a circuit according to the invention can be used.
  • the entire circuit for driving the sensor corresponds to the circuits according to FIGS. 6, 7 or 8.
  • the resonant circuit in turn consists of the sensor, the capacitive and inductive contribution of the connecting cable 16, the capacitance 17 and the impedance formed by the circuit 1.
  • the impedance Z can be changed. At a gain near 1, a minimum amount of feedback inductance is effective, whereby the resonant circuit assumes a minimum resonant frequency.
  • the portion of the feedback inductance effective for the impedance Z can be increased, whereby the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit rises to its maximum.
  • both a circuit 1 with a feedback capacitance and a circuit 1 with a feedback inductance could be provided. In this way, depending on the control of the circuits, the resonance can be shifted upwards or downwards.

Landscapes

  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un circuit destiné à régler une impédance entre deux pôles, l'impédance comprenant l'impédance d'entrée du circuit. Afin d'obtenir une plage de réglage de taille maximale et un comportement de fonctionnement de stabilité maximale, le circuit de l'invention est conçu de sorte qu'il comprend des amplificateurs, des éléments de réglage servent à faire varier l'amplification d'au moins un amplificateur et/ou du circuit dans sa globalité, et on peut faire varier l'impédance entre les deux pôles en agissant sur l'élément ou les éléments de réglage.
EP07711142A 2006-01-31 2007-01-10 Circuit pour régler une impédance Withdrawn EP1980018A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09007134A EP2088672B1 (fr) 2006-01-31 2007-01-10 Embrayage destiné à régler une impédance

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006004624 2006-01-31
DE102006045279A DE102006045279A1 (de) 2006-01-31 2006-09-22 Schaltung zum Einstellen einer Impedanz
PCT/DE2007/000046 WO2007087774A2 (fr) 2006-01-31 2007-01-10 Circuit pour régler une impédance

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09007134A Division EP2088672B1 (fr) 2006-01-31 2007-01-10 Embrayage destiné à régler une impédance

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1980018A2 true EP1980018A2 (fr) 2008-10-15

Family

ID=37951837

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07711142A Withdrawn EP1980018A2 (fr) 2006-01-31 2007-01-10 Circuit pour régler une impédance
EP09007134A Ceased EP2088672B1 (fr) 2006-01-31 2007-01-10 Embrayage destiné à régler une impédance

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09007134A Ceased EP2088672B1 (fr) 2006-01-31 2007-01-10 Embrayage destiné à régler une impédance

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7808314B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1980018A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101375496B (fr)
DE (1) DE102006045279A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007087774A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120276662A1 (en) * 2011-04-27 2012-11-01 Iravani Hassan G Eddy current monitoring of metal features
US20140002069A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-02 Kenneth Stoddard Eddy current probe
RU2506694C1 (ru) * 2012-09-25 2014-02-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный университет экономики и сервиса" (ФГБОУ ВПО "ЮРГУЭС") Прецизионный ограничитель спектра
CN102914973B (zh) * 2012-10-22 2015-06-17 南京航空航天大学 用于发动机控制器实物在回路仿真试验的电子合成电阻

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DE2332836A1 (de) 1973-06-28 1975-01-23 Gerhard Dipl Ing Pintag Einstellbares eintor (zweipol) unter verwendung einer rechenschaltung
JPS5947495B2 (ja) 1975-04-04 1984-11-19 株式会社日立製作所 可変インピ−ダンス回路
US4178482A (en) * 1978-11-06 1979-12-11 General Electric Company Automatic gain control circuit and system for using same
US4350964A (en) 1979-06-04 1982-09-21 Tellabs, Inc. Impedance generator circuit
DE3151082A1 (de) 1981-12-23 1983-07-28 Felten & Guilleaume Fernmeldeanlagen GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Schaltungsanordnung zur erweiterung des linearitaetsbereiches eines steuerbaren widerstandes
JPS60259014A (ja) 1984-06-06 1985-12-21 Hitachi Ltd 可変抵抗回路
JPS60261209A (ja) 1984-06-08 1985-12-24 Sony Corp Ｉｃ化安定抵抗回路
DE3711320C1 (en) 1987-04-03 1988-08-11 Ant Nachrichtentech Two-terminal network with controllable impedance
DE3901314A1 (de) 1989-01-18 1990-07-26 Knick Elekt Messgeraete Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zur nachbildung einer variablen impedanz, insbesondere eines ohmschen widerstandes
DE3910297A1 (de) 1989-03-30 1990-10-04 Micro Epsilon Messtechnik Beruehrungslos arbeitendes wegmesssystem
US5245229A (en) * 1992-02-28 1993-09-14 Media Vision Digitally controlled integrated circuit anti-clipping mixer
US5337353A (en) * 1992-04-01 1994-08-09 At&T Bell Laboratories Capacitive proximity sensors
JPH05327376A (ja) * 1992-05-20 1993-12-10 Fujitsu Ltd ディジタル制御可変利得回路
US5420507A (en) 1992-09-28 1995-05-30 Edward L. Laskowski Method and apparatus for sensing a target characteristic by measuring both impedance and resonant frequency of a tank circuit
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006045279A1 (de) 2007-08-09
EP2088672A2 (fr) 2009-08-12
WO2007087774A2 (fr) 2007-08-09
US7808314B2 (en) 2010-10-05
US20090009245A1 (en) 2009-01-08
EP2088672B1 (fr) 2012-09-12
WO2007087774A3 (fr) 2007-11-15
CN101375496B (zh) 2012-04-25
CN101375496A (zh) 2009-02-25
EP2088672A3 (fr) 2009-10-28

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