Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
  • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
  • H02P6/15—Controlling commutation time
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
  • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
  • H02P25/032—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating motors
  • H02P25/034—Voice coil motors

Definitions

• the invention relates to a polyphase rotating electrical machine for a motor vehicle equipped with a control device, this rotating electrical machine possibly being reversible as in the case of alternators-starters, and an alternator-starter.
• this rotating electrical machine possibly being reversible as in the case of alternators-starters, and an alternator-starter.
• a rotating electrical machine conventionally comprises a rotor and a stator.
• One of these elements is traversed by a direct current and thus generates a constant magnetic field and fixed orientation relative to this element.
• the other element comprises a plurality of separate and angularly spaced windings; each winding is traversed by a current that is out of phase with that of the other windings so as to create a rotating magnetic field.
• the coexistence of the fixed orientation field of the first element and the rotating field of the second element cause the rotation of these elements relative to each other, that is to say the rotation of the rotor relative to the stator.
• the different currents are generally injected into the windings of the polyphase element through a bridge formed by power switches (generally diodes associated with power transistors).
• This power bridge is generally controlled by an electronic module which sets the times of opening and closing of the switches and thus controls the phase of the different currents through the windings.
• the electronic module In order to determine the control times of the switches, the electronic module currently uses signals representative of the position of the rotor relative to the stator, such as, for example, position sensors regularly distributed over the circumference of the rotating machine, which send each of the periodic signals at the rotation frequency of the rotor and out of phase with each other.
• the power bridge acts as a rectifier bridge during operation in alternator mode of the machine.
• the document FR 2 823 030 proposes to shift the control signals of the power bridge over time, in practice by means of a permutation and a reversal of the signals from the position sensors. .
• phase shift is determined in a one-to-one manner as a function of speed by the components of the analog circuit.
• the shift-speed relation is therefore fixed and can not therefore be adapted to the different situations that may be encountered (start-up, dynamic assistance, etc.).
• the choice of this relationship lacks flexibility since it is determined according to the circuit elements used.
• This design also implies the use of an analog circuit with specific characteristics for each type of machine that one wishes to manufacture, which complicates the manufacture of machines on an industrial level.
• the invention proposes a polyphase rotating electric machine equipped with an improved piloting device.
• the polyphase rotary electrical machine for a motor vehicle comprises a rotor, a stator, a control bridge with controlled switches, and a control device supplying control signals to the control bridge, the control device comprising means for applying to at least one a switch of the control bridge a control signal with a phase advance with respect to a signal representative of the position of the rotor relative to the stator.
• said means for applying comprises means for adjusting the phase advance among a plurality of values for a given rotational speed of the rotor.
• the device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
• the means for adjusting the phase advance are for example able to adjust the phase advance over a range of values for a given rotational speed of the rotor.
• the range of values can be defined as follows: for a given speed of rotation in rpm ⁇ less than 1200 rpm, said range of
• said range of values has for example for upper limit an angle of 100 °.
• means may be provided for determining the phase advance at a given speed of rotation as a function of information relating to the torque to be generated.
• the torque generated by the machine is thus adjusted using the selected offset. It is also possible to predict the phase advance at a given speed of rotation so that the efficiency of the machine is maximum, which may be advantageous in some applications.
• the phase advance is such that the control bridge causes rotation in the opposite direction of said machine. It is thus possible to control by means of the phase shift the direction of rotation of the machine.
• the phase advance is between 200 ° and 270 °, and / or that, for a rotational speed in revolutions per minute, given minute ⁇
• phase advance in degrees is less than 230 + - and
• the invention also proposes an alternator / starter equipped with a polyphase rotating electric machine as briefly described above.
• FIG. 1 represents the electrical circuit elements of a polyphase rotating electrical machine comprising a phase advance block
• FIG. 2 represents an embodiment of the phase advance block of FIG. 1 comprising a mixing circuit
• FIGS. 3 and 4 show possible embodiments of a mixing circuit of FIG. 2;
• FIGS. 6 and 7 show examples of possible choices for the phase shift value ⁇ as a function of the rotational speed ⁇ of the rotating machine.
• FIG. 1 represents the essential elements of the electrical circuit of a polyphase rotating electric machine, for example reversible of the alternator-starter type.
• a polyphase rotating electric machine for example reversible of the alternator-starter type.
• Such a machine comprises a power bridge 10 which supplies the three phases of a three-phase stator 12 from a voltage generated between the two terminals B + , B " of a battery pack.
• the power bridge 10 is formed of switches (not shown) which are controlled by control signals C so that the different windings of the stator 12 are traversed by signals shifted by 120 ° relative to each other .
• the control signals C are generated by an electronic control module based on signals U, V, W coming from three linear sensors 14, 16, 18 equidistant around the circumference of the rotating machine. Specifically, the signals U, V, W from the sensors are processed by a control device called phase-advance block 30 which delivers three signals U ', V, W corresponding to the sensor signals U, V, W with a feedrate of phase ⁇ with respect to these.
• the signals U ', V, W generated by the phase advance block 30 are used by a control circuit 20 to form the control signals C of the power bridge 10.
• phase advance ⁇ depends, for example, on the speed of the machine as measured by means of the sensor signals U, V, W.
• the phase advance ⁇ can in this case be determined in real time within of the phase advance block 30 as described below.
• the control circuit comprises, for example, a microcontroller (including a microprocessor) which determines the rotational speed of the machine on the basis of the signals U ', V, W and deduces therefrom the phase shift ⁇ to be used, possibly also depending on other conditions, such as the operating phase.
• the offset value ⁇ associated with a given speed and operating condition is for example stored in the microcontroller in a correspondence table.
• the power bridge 10 acts as a rectifier bridge which ensures the transmission of energy from the machine (and in particular the stator 12) to the battery (terminal B + , B " ) .
• FIG. 2 represents an embodiment that can be envisaged for the phase advance block 30.
• Each mixer circuit 32, 32 ', 32 also receives on a second input the signal V, W, U coming from a sensor and having a phase advance of 120 ° with respect to the sensor signal U, V, W received on its first entry.
• each mixer circuit 32, 32 ', 32 "receives on its first input one of the sensor signals U, V, W and on its second input the sensor signal V, W, U in phase advance of 120 ° relative to to that received on the first entry.
• Each mixer circuit 32, 32 ', 32 also receives a control signal PWM ⁇ formed of pulses with a duty cycle ⁇
• the control signal PWM ⁇ controls switching of switching elements of the mixing circuits 32, 32". 32 "as described below In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the same PWM control signal ⁇ is applied to all three mixers 32, 32 ', 32". In Alternatively, one could naturally provide specific control signals for each mixer circuit.
• control signal PWM ⁇ is generated on a pin of a microprocessor 34, part of which is dedicated to the generation of this PWM command signal ⁇ (in part, here is meant a part of the software that controls the microprocessor 34, alternatively, one could consider the realization of the same function hardwired logic).
• the microprocessor 34 also receives the signals U, V, W coming from the sensors 14, 16, 18 through a first hysteresis trigger circuit 36.
• the signals thus received are intended for a part
• the rotational speed information thus determined is used in particular in the microprocessor 34 to determine the phase advance to be made by the phase advance block 30 according to which is determined the duty cycle ⁇ of the PWM signal ⁇ to be applied to the mixing circuit 32, 32 ', 32 ".
• the relationship between the speed determined by the speed determination part 33 and the duty cycle ⁇ (either directly or via the phase shift ⁇ ) is for example stored in a memory associated with the microprocessor 34 in the form of a correspondence table.
• the desired phase shift ⁇ (and therefore the cyclic ratio ⁇ used) can naturally depend on other parameters than the rotational speed of the rotating machine, such as for example the operating mode of the rotating machine.
• the latter form two different types of combination of the signals they receive as input depending on whether the PWM control signal ⁇ is high level or low level.
• the PWM control signal ⁇ is high level or low level.
• the cutoff frequency of each low-pass filter 38, 38 ', 38 is, however, greater than the frequency of the U, V, W signals of way to pass this component of information.
• a cut-off frequency of 10 kHz is used, which makes it possible to use, for example also a frequency of 130 kHz for the control signal.
• the filtered signal Fu, F v , F w emitted by each low-pass filter 38, 38 ', 38 is therefore a combination of the sensor signals received at the input of the mixing circuit 32, 32', 32" corresponding in which the influence of each of the signals received at the input of the corresponding mixing circuit 32, 32 ', 32 "depends on the duty ratio of the PWM control signal ⁇ , thus obtaining a signal whose phase is between the phases of the input signals and is adjustable by modification. of the duty cycle ⁇ of the PWM control signal ⁇ .
• the filtered signals Fu, F v , F w are respectively applied to a first input of second corresponding hysteresis trigger circuits 40, 40 ', 40 "which each receive on a second input the average of the sensor signals U, V, W determined by a circuit through 42 and a low-pass filter 43 of the same type as the low-pass filters 38, 38 ', 38 "previously mentioned. It is freed by the use of hysteresis releases 40, 40 ', 40 "of voltage offsets generated in mixer circuits 32, 32', 32".
• Hysteresis triggers 40, 40 ', 40 "of the signals U', V, W corresponding respectively to the input signal signals U, V, W are thus obtained at the output with a phase advance which depends on the duty cycle ⁇ of the signal of ⁇ PWM control.
• Figure 3 shows a first example conceivable for the implementation of each of the mixer circuits 32, 32 ', 32 "described above. This example is written as implementation of the mixer circuit 32 (which receives as input the signal U and the signal V in phase advance of 120 ° with respect to the signal U), but applies identically to the mixers 32 ' , 32 "by respectively inputting the signals V and W, and the signals W and U.
• the first signal (here the signal U) is applied to a node forming the output through a resistor R1
• the second signal Ku (here the signal V) is applied to this same node through the series association of a resistor R2 and a switch K 0 switched on command of the PWM control signal ⁇ .
• FIG. 4 represents a second exemplary embodiment for the mixing circuits 32, 32 ', 32 "of FIG.
• the example described applies to the mixing circuit 32 but would apply identically to the mixer circuit 32 ', 32 ".
• the sensor signal U is transmitted to an output node through the series combination of a resistor R1 and a switch Ki, while the sensor signal V is transmitted to the output node through the receiver. series combination of a resistor R2 and a switch K 0 .
• the switch K 0 is switched according to the control signal
• the PWM command signal ⁇ causes the opening of the switch K 0 , it thus causes the switch K i to close so that the output signal Ku (at the output node) depends only on the signal U sensor.
• FIG. 5 represents an alternative embodiment of a mixer circuit, according to which the mixer circuit receives as input the three sensor signals U, V, W.
• the sensor signal U is transmitted to an output node through a resistor R1.
• the sensor signal V (in phase advance of 120 ° with respect to the signal U) is transmitted to the output node through the series association of a resistor R2 and a first switch K 2 controlled by a first control signal PWM ⁇ 1 .
• the W sensor signal is in turn transmitted to the node forming an output through a series combination of the same type, namely a resistor R3 and a second switch K 3 controlled by a PWM control signal ⁇ 2.
• the advance of the phase output signal can thus vary between 0 ° and a value slightly less than 240 ° (by choosing resistance values for the resistors R1, R2, R3 which render the signal U on the output node K negligible. 'u when the switch K 3 is closed).
• FIG. 6 shows the relationships that can exist between the offset ⁇ and the rotation speed ⁇ of the machine in an exemplary implementation thereof. According to this example, there is a distinction between low speed operation (here for speeds ⁇ less than 1200 rpm) of operation at higher speeds (here ⁇ greater than 1200 rpm).
• the solution described above makes it possible to envisage a plurality of possible phase shifts ⁇ for a given value ⁇ of the speed of rotation of the rotating machine, for example according to the intended use.
• phase shift values used ⁇ are limited to value ranges as shown in FIG. 6. Thus, for speeds ⁇ less than 1200 rpm, it is provided that the phase setpoint ⁇ emitted by the microprocessor 34 remains in a zone
• phase shift ⁇ thus never reaches the forbidden zones 11 and 12 respectively corresponding to phase shift values ⁇ less than and greater than the allowed values.
• the microprocessor 34 delivers for higher speeds ( ⁇ greater than 1200 rpm) a phase setpoint ⁇ less than 100 °.
• the value of the phase shift command ⁇ can be determined as a function of the speed of rotation ⁇ in each particular case of use, for example as already mentioned by means of a correspondence table stored in a memory associated with the microprocessor 34.
• the correspondence table for this use stores the correspondence between the speed of rotation ⁇ and the phase shift ⁇ given by the curve C max in FIG.
• the rotating electrical machine can also be used to adjust the torque to a certain value.
• the phase shift setpoint ⁇ can be determined as a function of the target torque, as illustrated in FIG. 6, where each curve C 0 , Ci , C 2 gives the relation between the speed of rotation ⁇ and the phase shift ⁇ which makes it possible to obtain this torque value.
• the torque values that can thus be envisaged, it is particularly possible to seek to reach the torque where the efficiency is optimal, in which case the relation between the values of rotation speed ⁇ and of phase shift ⁇ is given by the curve C r of FIG. 6.
• phase shift ⁇ as a function of the rotational speed ⁇ also makes it possible to envisage values which cause rotation of the rotating machine in a direction of rotation opposite to the direction conventionally envisaged.
• FIG. 7 shows in particular a curve C ma ⁇ which gives the relation between the speed of rotation ⁇ and the phase shift ⁇ when one looking to maximize the couple.
• other phase shift values ⁇ may be associated with speeds ⁇ for other uses, while remaining within the range A of the previously defined allowed values.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
• Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-01-20 FR FR0600535A patent/FR2896640B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-01-11 BR BRPI0707105-1A patent/BRPI0707105A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-01-11 WO PCT/FR2007/050640 patent/WO2007083054A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-01-11 US US12/160,230 patent/US7911166B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-01-11 CN CN2007800060405A patent/CN101385232B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-01-11 JP JP2008550815A patent/JP2009524391A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-01-11 EP EP07718331A patent/EP1974458A1/de not_active Ceased

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